WO2010147127A1 - ディーゼルエンジンの排出ガス処理装置 - Google Patents
ディーゼルエンジンの排出ガス処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010147127A1 WO2010147127A1 PCT/JP2010/060160 JP2010060160W WO2010147127A1 WO 2010147127 A1 WO2010147127 A1 WO 2010147127A1 JP 2010060160 W JP2010060160 W JP 2010060160W WO 2010147127 A1 WO2010147127 A1 WO 2010147127A1
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- exhaust gas
- filter
- diesel engine
- nitrogen oxide
- particulate matter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
- F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/0212—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters with one or more perforated tubes surrounded by filtering material, e.g. filter candles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/0214—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters with filters comprising movable parts, e.g. rotating filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/031—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start
- F01N3/032—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start during filter regeneration only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/204—Carbon monoxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/208—Hydrocarbons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1025—Rhodium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1028—Iridium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/10—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
- F01N2590/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for heavy duty applications, e.g. trucks, buses, tractors, locomotives
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention provides a vehicle equipped with a diesel engine, such as a construction machine, for removing particulate matter and nitrogen oxides that are harmful substances from the exhaust gas from the diesel engine, thereby making the exhaust gas clean.
- a diesel engine such as a construction machine
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment device for a diesel engine.
- Diesel engines as internal combustion engines have higher thermal efficiency than gasoline engines and are advantageous in terms of fuel consumption and other aspects, but particulate matter such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and black smoke (PM) ) Often occurs, it is necessary to take environmental measures.
- Various systems for purifying exhaust gas by reducing NOx in exhaust gas and removing PM have been proposed.
- NOx is discharged to the after purification by conversion to N 2 by a reduction reaction.
- the PM component is captured using a filter having air permeability, and the gas component is allowed to pass through.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a NOx treatment mechanism that treats nitrogen oxides in an exhaust gas flow path. This processing mechanism is configured to cause a reduction reaction between the nitrogen oxide composed of NOx and the reducing agent. In order to cause the reduction reaction more efficiently, the treatment mechanism causes the exhaust gas to undergo a reduction reaction in the presence of a nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst.
- a nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst in Patent Document 1, iridium or rhodium metal using silica as a carrier is used.
- the reducing agent hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and oxygen-containing compounds are preferred.
- Patent Document 2 A configuration that removes PM contained in exhaust gas is disclosed in Patent Document 2, for example.
- a filter is formed from ceramic fibers having good air permeability and heat resistance. The filter is placed in an exhaust gas stream containing particulate matter to capture PM. When PM is captured by the filter, the filter is clogged, pressure loss in the exhaust gas flow increases, and a sufficient flow rate for the exhaust gas cannot be secured.
- a heater is attached to the air permeable filter, and the PM captured by the filter is heated and combusted.
- Cited Document 1 in order to convert NOx in the exhaust gas into NO 2 and render it harmless, as a reducing agent that causes a reduction reaction with the NOx component in the exhaust gas, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, Oxygenated compounds are preferred.
- Patent Document 2 since PM is burned to prevent the filter from being clogged, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas passing through the filter are oxidized. That is, while the NOx treatment mechanism in Patent Document 1 requires a reducing agent, in Reference Document 2, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas are consumed when PM is removed.
- the exhaust gas contains carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons that can function as a reducing agent. Regardless, they cannot be used as a reducing agent in the NOx treatment.
- a reducing agent necessary for causing a reduction reaction is required.
- a supply path must be provided separately.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to enable effective removal of environmental pollutants composed of PM and NOx contained in a large amount in exhaust gas of a diesel engine. It is in.
- the present invention is a diesel engine in which exhaust gas from a diesel engine is introduced, particulate matter contained in the exhaust gas is removed, and reduction to nitrogen of nitrogen oxide is performed.
- An exhaust gas processing apparatus for an engine wherein a plurality of air-permeable filters that capture particulate matter in exhaust gas and allow reducing gas to pass upstream are provided in an exhaust gas flow path from the diesel engine
- a filter unit comprising a filter chamber is disposed, and on the downstream side, a nitrogen oxide treatment unit provided with a nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst for reacting the exhaust gas and the reducing agent comprising the reducing gas is disposed,
- Each filter unit is composed of a plurality of filter chambers that are thermally isolated from each other.
- Each of these filter chambers is captured by the filter.
- a heater for burning the particulate matter is provided, and the exhaust gas flow path selects any one filter chamber to supply exhaust gas to the nitrogen oxide treatment unit, and the other filter chambers exhaust gas. It is characterized in that it is configured to include a control means that is controlled so as to stop the circulation.
- the filter provided in the filter chamber captures particulate solid matter (PM) such as black smoke contained in the exhaust gas, but uses a gas-permeable one that allows gas components to pass through as they are.
- the exhaust gas from a diesel engine contains a large amount of reducing gas such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, but the reducing gas flows out without being consumed in the filter chamber. Used as a reducing agent in the waste disposal department.
- the filter is reducible to prevent oxidation reaction when the exhaust gas contacts the filter. It is composed of ceramic fiber or the like that does not oxidize gas, allows gas to pass smoothly, and has good heat resistance.
- a filter that captures PM is used continuously, it will eventually become clogged.
- a plurality of filter chambers equipped with filters are provided. Therefore, while PM is being removed from the exhaust gas by any one filter chamber, regeneration is performed by removing the PM component from the filters in the other filter chambers.
- the plurality of filter chambers are connected to the exhaust gas flow path via a shutter. When any one of the filter chambers is connected to the exhaust gas flow path by the shutter, the other filter chambers are It is switched so as to cut off the connection with the exhaust gas flow path.
- Each filter chamber is provided with a heater, and the function as a filter can be recovered by burning the PM component adhering to the filter.
- the outer wall of the filter chamber is made of a heat insulating material.
- the heater is provided in the filter chamber for burning the PM component, and this can also exert a function of controlling the temperature of the exhaust gas.
- the NOx component is reacted with the reducing agent in the presence of the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst in the nitrogen oxide treatment section provided in the subsequent stage, it is desirable to set the temperature condition to promote the reaction.
- an iridium catalyst is used, it is most activated at about 240 ° C. to 300 ° C. Therefore, it is desirable that the exhaust gas is heated by the heater provided in the filter chamber where PM is removed so that the reaction is promoted in the nitrogen oxide treatment section.
- the nitrogen oxide treatment part is filled with a catalyst.
- a catalyst various metal oxides can be used. Specifically, for example, iridium or rhodium is suitable, and silica, which is a porous member, can be used as a carrier.
- nitrogen oxide (NOx) contained in the exhaust gas undergoes a reduction reaction with carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, or the like as a reducing agent, and N 2 gas and H 2 O It will be converted to. As a result, it becomes a clean product in which PM and NOx contained in the exhaust gas from the diesel engine are removed or reduced.
- PM contained in a large amount in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine can be reliably captured by the filter without impairing the reducing gas in any of the filter chambers constituting the filter unit, and the NOx that has passed through the filter.
- the exhaust gas containing the gas can be supplied together with the reducing agent to the nitrogen oxide treatment unit to effectively remove environmental pollutants, and while removing PM by the filter, the filter in the other filter chamber can be used. Playback can be performed.
- FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment device for a diesel engine showing an embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram of a filter chamber.
- FIG. 1 shows the system configuration of the present invention.
- reference numeral 1 denotes an exhaust pipe through which exhaust gas from a diesel engine flows.
- the exhaust pipe 1 is provided with a filter unit 2 on the upstream side of the exhaust gas flow path, and nitrogen is provided on the downstream side.
- An oxide processing unit 3 is formed.
- the filter unit 2 is provided with a plurality of filter chambers 10, and each filter chamber 10 has an outer cylinder 11 and an inner cylinder 12 provided inside the outer cylinder 11 as shown in FIG.
- An inflow side end plate 13 is provided at the upstream end of the exhaust gas flow in the exhaust pipe 1. Is formed.
- the inner cylinder 12 has a cylindrical perforated plate so that the gas flowing in can be circulated.
- the wall surface of the outer cylinder 11 is comprised from what has a heat insulation function.
- a closed end plate 15 is provided at the end of the inner cylinder 12 on the outflow side, and an annular outlet 16 is formed between the inner cylinder 12 and the outer cylinder 11.
- the annular space is filled with the filter 17, and the exhaust gas comes into contact with the filter 17, and particulate matter (PM) and the like are captured by the filter 17.
- PM particulate matter
- the PM trapped by the filter 17 contains black smoke and the like, and is rendered harmless by complete combustion. Therefore, the filter 17 can be regenerated by burning the PM captured by the filter 17.
- a heater 18 is mounted inside the inner cylinder 12 of the filter chamber 10, and the heater 18 is fixed to the closed end plate 15. By operating the heater 18, PM can be burned completely. At this time, high heat is generated inside the filter chamber 10, and for this reason, the filter 17 is composed of ceramic fibers having high heat resistance.
- the filter unit 2 is composed of four filter chambers 10 in FIG. Each inlet 14 in the four filter chambers 10 is selectively connected to the inflow side flow path 1 a in the exhaust pipe 1 by a rotary shutter 20. A communication path 21 is formed in the rotary shutter 20, and by rotating the rotary shutter 20, any one filter chamber 10 is in communication with the communication path 21, so that the inflow side flow path is provided. Communicates with 1a. At this time, the other filter chamber 10 is blocked from the inflow side flow path 1a.
- the rotary shutter 20 is rotationally driven by a motor 22, and the motor 22 and the heater 18 are controlled by a control circuit 23.
- a construction machine such as a hydraulic excavator, for example.
- the construction machine includes a battery, and this battery is used as a power source 24 for the motor 22 and the heater 18.
- the nitrogen oxide treatment unit 3 provided on the exhaust pipe 1 on the downstream side of the filter unit 2 is configured by filling the reaction chamber 30 with a nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 31.
- the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 31 is configured as an occlusion material with good air permeability such as a honeycomb structure. Then, the reducing material is occluded in this occlusion material together with NOx to cause a reduction reaction, whereby it is converted into N 2 gas and H 2 O and discharged from the outflow passage 1b.
- the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 31 for example, iridium or rhodium metal using silica containing a small amount of alkali metal or the like as a porous carrier is preferably used.
- hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and oxygen-containing compounds are used as the reducing agent that reacts with NOx.
- Exhaust gas from a diesel engine contains a large amount of gas that acts as a reducing agent, such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. Therefore, the exhaust gas itself is used as a reducing agent. For this purpose, the exhaust gas is held so as not to cause an oxidation reaction before being introduced into the nitrogen oxide treatment unit 3.
- the filter unit 2 is composed of a plurality of filter chambers 10 and the process of separating and removing PM from the exhaust gas is being performed, the filter 17 is not regenerated, that is, PM is not burned, and the exhaust pipe 1 When the exhaust gas flow path is formed, the regeneration process of the filter 17 is not performed, and the PM adhering to the filter 17 is burned after the exhaust gas flow path is shut off. For this reason, each filter chamber 10 which comprises the filter unit 2 is hold
- particulate matter which is a harmful substance caused by exhaust gas from a diesel engine
- NOx can be made harmless.
- the exhaust gas from the diesel engine flows from the inflow side passage 1a in the exhaust pipe 1 toward the outflow side passage 1b.
- the filter The heater 18 is not operated for the chamber 10.
- PM is removed by being captured by the filter 17, and when this PM removal is performed, a reducing agent made of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, etc. contained in the exhaust gas. Will not oxidize. Therefore, the exhaust gas flowing out of the filter chamber 10 contains NOx, and the reducing agent is not oxidized with it, and only the PM component is removed.
- the heater 18 is operated so that the inside of the filter chamber 10 is heated to a temperature at which PM burns.
- the PM is removed in such a way as to completely burn.
- the filter 17 is regenerated.
- four filter chambers 10 are provided, all the other three filter chambers 10 do not have to simultaneously burn PM, and the rotary shutter 20 is operated to rotate 90 degrees.
- the filter chamber 10 that will exhibit the filtering function may be cooled and controlled to stop the operation of the heater 18.
- the above operation is controlled by the control circuit 23.
- the rotary shutter 20 may be rotationally driven every predetermined time, but the pressure loss in the filter chamber 10 that performs filtering is detected, and the pressure in the filter chamber 10 becomes a predetermined value or more.
- the rotary shutter 20 may be rotated.
- Exhaust gas containing NOx and a reducing agent and from which PM has been removed flows into the reaction chamber 30 in the nitrogen oxide treatment unit 3. Since the reaction chamber 30 is provided with the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 31, the exhaust gas contacts the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 31. As a result, these NOx and reducing agents such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons are occluded in the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 31, causing a reduction reaction between the occluded NOx and the reducing agent, which is harmful. NOx is converted to N 2 . Accordingly, the PM component is removed, the NOx component is rendered harmless, and the purified exhaust gas flows out from the outflow side passage 1b of the exhaust pipe 1, thereby preventing or suppressing environmental pollution. .
- a reduction reaction is caused between NOx occluded in the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 31 and carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, or the like.
- the reaction in the reaction chamber 30 is promoted.
- an iridium-based catalyst is most activated at about 240 ° C. to 300 ° C.
- the heater 18 whose operation is controlled by the control circuit 23 controls the heater 18 that is provided in the filter chamber 10 that is not performing the PM removal process and is stopped in the filter chamber 10 that is performing the PM removal process.
- the heater 18 of the filter chamber 10 that is performing the PM removal process is operated to control the nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst 31 to have the most active temperature when the exhaust gas is introduced into the reaction chamber 30. You can also.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
1b 流出側通路 2 フィルタユニット
3 窒素酸化物処理部 10 フィルタチャンバ
11 外筒 12 内筒
16 流出口 17 フィルタ
18 ヒータ 20 回転式シャッタ
21 連通路 30 反応チャンバ
31 窒素酸化物還元触媒
Claims (8)
- ディーゼルエンジンの排出ガスが導入されて、この排出ガス中に含まれる粒子状物質を除去し、かつ窒素酸化物の窒素に還元する処理を行うディーゼルエンジンの排出ガス処理装置において、
前記ディーゼルエンジンからの排出ガス流路には、上流側に排出ガス中の粒子状物質を捕捉し、還元性のガスを通過させる通気性フィルタを設けた複数のフィルタチャンバからなるフィルタユニットが配置され、下流側には前記排出ガスと前記還元性のガスからなる還元剤とを反応させる窒素酸化物還元触媒を設けた窒素酸化物処理部とが配置され、
前記フィルタユニットは、それぞれ相互に熱的に隔離された複数のフィルタチャンバから構成されて、これら各フィルタチャンバには前記フィルタに捕捉された粒子状物質を燃焼させるヒータが設けられ、
前記排出ガスの流路は、いずれか1つのフィルタチャンバを選択して前記窒素酸化物処理部に排出ガスを供給し、他のフィルタチャンバは排出ガスの流通を停止させるように制御される制御手段を備える
構成としたことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジンの排出ガス処理装置。 - 前記フィルタユニットを構成する複数のフィルタチャンバは、耐熱性セラミック繊維からなり、排出ガス中の粒子状物質を除去し、少なくとも還元剤として機能する一酸化炭素または炭化水素を通過させるフィルタを充填したものであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のディーゼルエンジンの排出ガス処理装置。
- 前記フィルタは内筒と外筒との間に充填されており、内筒は一端が開口した流入口となり、他端は閉鎖された多孔板を円筒形状に形成したものであり、前記ヒータはこの内筒の内部に設けられ、閉鎖側の端部から流入口側に向けて延在されており、前記外筒は断熱部材で構成したことを特徴とする請求項2記載のディーゼルエンジンの排出ガス処理装置。
- 前記フィルタチャンバには、その流入口を開閉可能とするシャッタを設ける構成となし、前記制御手段は、前記シャッタにより前記流入口を閉鎖しているフィルタチャンバ内の前記ヒータを作動させて、前記フィルタで捕捉した粒子状物質を燃焼させるように制御する構成としたことを特徴とする請求項1記載のディーゼルエンジンの排出ガス処理装置。
- 前記制御手段は、排出ガスを流入させて、粒子状物質の捕捉を行っているフィルタチャンバ内のヒータを作動させて、排出ガスを前記窒素酸化物処理部内の窒素酸化物還元触媒が活性化する温度範囲となるように温度制御する構成としたことを特徴とする請求項4記載のディーゼルエンジンの排出ガス処理装置。
- 前記複数のフィルタチャンバは円周方向に配列されており、前記シャッタは回転式シャッタであり、この回転式シャッタには、前記排出ガス流路を前記複数のフィルタチャンバのうちのいずれか1個のフィルタチャンバの流入口に選択的に連通させる連通路を設ける構成としたことを特徴とする請求項1記載のディーゼルエンジンの排出ガス処理装置。
- 前記窒素酸化物還元触媒は、ハニカム構造とした吸蔵材として構成されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のディーゼルエンジンの排出ガス処理装置。
- 前記吸蔵材は、シリカを多孔質の担体としたものであり、窒素酸化物還元触媒はイリジウムまたはロジウムであることを特徴とする請求項7記載のディーゼルエンジンの排出ガス処理装置。
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CN2010800229190A CN102449277A (zh) | 2009-06-17 | 2010-06-16 | 柴油发动机的废气处理装置 |
EP10789501A EP2444606A1 (en) | 2009-06-17 | 2010-06-16 | Exhaust gas treatment device for diesel engine |
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CN106555640B (zh) * | 2015-09-30 | 2019-12-20 | 武汉洛特福动力技术有限公司 | 内燃机尾气净化后处理系统的先导加热装置与方法 |
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