WO2010133174A1 - 疏水颗粒及其制备方法和防水透气结构 - Google Patents

疏水颗粒及其制备方法和防水透气结构 Download PDF

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WO2010133174A1
WO2010133174A1 PCT/CN2010/073011 CN2010073011W WO2010133174A1 WO 2010133174 A1 WO2010133174 A1 WO 2010133174A1 CN 2010073011 W CN2010073011 W CN 2010073011W WO 2010133174 A1 WO2010133174 A1 WO 2010133174A1
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hydrophobic
resin
epoxy resin
modified epoxy
curing agent
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PCT/CN2010/073011
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English (en)
French (fr)
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秦升益
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北京仁创科技集团有限公司
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Priority to CN2010800122136A priority Critical patent/CN102388114A/zh
Publication of WO2010133174A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010133174A1/zh

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    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
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    • C04B18/00Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/02Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
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    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
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    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
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    • C04B20/04Heat treatment
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    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1018Coating or impregnating with organic materials
    • C04B20/1029Macromolecular compounds
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    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1051Organo-metallic compounds; Organo-silicon compounds, e.g. bentone
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    • C04B2103/00Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/0045Polymers chosen for their physico-chemical characteristics
    • C04B2103/0052Hydrophobic polymers
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    • C04B2103/60Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack
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    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00241Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
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    • C04B2111/00474Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
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    • C04B2111/20Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/27Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to barrier materials, and more particularly to hydrophobic particles, methods for their preparation, and waterproof, breathable structures. Background technique
  • the anti-seepage material has high cost, the anti-seepage effect is not good enough, the aging is short, and the anti-seepage is often caused to make the product air-tight, which causes some side effects of the anti-seepage material in various fields.
  • Option 1 waterproofing the concrete with a waterproof material at the bottom of the lake, the method is waterproof The effect is good, but the cost is high, and it is airtight, which destroys the growth of the lake bottom organism, so its application has great limitations;
  • Option 2 a waterproof membrane is laid on the bottom of the lake, the waterproof membrane is not breathable, and the bottom of the lake is destroyed. Biological growth and ecological environment are still not universally available.
  • the Chinese utility model patent CN201033870Y discloses a hydraulic concrete dam thermal insulation and anti-seepage composite board, which comprises an insulation board made of a heat insulating material and a composite geomembrane, the composite geomembrane comprises a geomembrane made of waterproof material and two-sided hot-pressed non-woven fabric.
  • the geomembrane is a plastic film, and a surface of the geomembrane is coated with a polymer material interface coating, and the interface coating is a polymer emulsion coating.
  • the technical solution is to achieve anti-seepage through a water-tight plastic material.
  • the plastic is poor in gas permeability and cannot be waterproofed while being breathable. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing barrier material cannot be both waterproof and breathable at the same time, and a hydrophobic particle capable of forming a waterproof gas permeable layer is provided.
  • the present invention also provides a method of preparing hydrophobic particles, and a waterproof and breathable structure.
  • the present invention provides a hydrophobic particle comprising an aggregate particle and a hydrophobic resin film covering the surface of the aggregate particle.
  • the content of the aggregate particles and the hydrophobic resin film in the hydrophobic particles may vary within a wide range, and the amount of the hydrophobic resin film is such that the surface of the aggregate particles is at least partially coated with a hydrophobic resin film.
  • the amount of the hydrophobic resin film is such that the surface of the aggregate particles is entirely covered with the hydrophobic resin film.
  • the hydrophobic resin film has a mass of from 1 to 8% by mass of the aggregate particles.
  • One of the hydrophobic particles may comprise one or more of the aggregate particles.
  • the content of the hydrophobic resin film defined above means a percentage of the mass of the hydrophobic resin film to the sum of the masses of the plurality of aggregate particles.
  • the aggregate particles may be various hard and water-insoluble particles, preferably one or more of quartz sand, slag, ceramsite and glass microbeads.
  • the average particle diameter of the aggregate particles may vary over a wide range, and preferably, in order to better improve the water repellency and gas permeability of the waterproof gas permeable layer formed of the aggregate particles, the average particle size of the aggregate particles
  • the diameter is 6-300 mesh, more preferably 100-200 mesh.
  • the hydrophobic resin film contains a hydrophobic resin
  • the hydrophobic resin may be various hydrophobic resins, preferably a hydrophobic epoxy resin, a hydrophobic phenol resin, a hydrophobic polyurethane resin, a hydrophobic unsaturated polyester, and a hydrophobic property.
  • a hydrophobic epoxy resin preferably a hydrophobic epoxy resin, a hydrophobic phenol resin, a hydrophobic polyurethane resin, a hydrophobic unsaturated polyester, and a hydrophobic property.
  • silicones One or more of silicones to achieve better water resistance.
  • the hydrophobic resin film contains two or more hydrophobic resins of a hydrophobic epoxy resin, a hydrophobic phenol resin, a hydrophobic polyurethane resin, a hydrophobic unsaturated polyester, and a hydrophobic silicone resin.
  • the mass ratio between any two hydrophobic resins is 1:0.1-10.
  • the water repellency and gas permeability of the waterproof gas permeable layer formed of the aggregate particles can be further improved.
  • the hydrophobic epoxy resin may be a conventional various hydrophobic epoxy resin, preferably a glycidyl ether epoxy resin, a glycidyl ester epoxy resin, a glycidylamine epoxy resin, a linear aliphatic group.
  • Epoxy resin cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, polysulfide rubber modified epoxy resin, polyamide resin modified epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol tert-butylaldehyde modified epoxy resin, nitrile rubber modified epoxy Resin, phenolic resin modified epoxy resin, polyester resin modified epoxy resin, urethane aldehyde melamine resin modified epoxy resin, furfural resin modified epoxy resin, vinyl resin modified epoxy resin, isocyanate modified epoxy One or more of a resin and a silicone modified epoxy resin.
  • the hydrophobic epoxy resin is commercially available or can be obtained by a conventional production method.
  • the hydrophobic epoxy resin can be obtained by modification of one of the following methods: Method 1: An epoxy resin, such as a bisphenol A type epoxy resin, is copolymerized with an oil-soluble monomer, the oil
  • the soluble monomers are: alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate, ethacrylic acid, vinyl acetate, allyl acetate, sodium vinyl sulfonate, methyl vinyl ether, methyl allyl ether, Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, diethylaminopropyl acrylate, dimethylaminobutyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid Any of ethylaminoethyl ester.
  • the copolymerization conditions may be: the molar ratio of the epoxy resin to the oil-soluble monomer is 1: 0. 1-0. 5, the copolymerization temperature is 80-120 ° C, the copolymerization time is 2-6 hours;
  • the reaction medium can be soluble
  • a solvent which dissolves the reaction raw material and does not react with the reaction raw material such as at least one of acetone, tetrahydrofuran or dichloroethane, may be used in an amount such that the reaction raw material is completely dissolved.
  • the second method the epoxy resin grafting modifier to form a graft polymer;
  • the modification conditions may include: a temperature of 80-150 ° C, a time of 0. 5-6 hours, a modifier and an epoxy resin
  • the amount of the modifier is 0. 01-0. 1 : 1 ⁇
  • the modifier may be siloxane, silicone, polyurethane or vinylidene chloride or the like.
  • Method 3 reacting a hydrophilic group (such as a hydroxyl group) of the epoxy resin with a hydrophobic functional monomer to bond the hydrophobic functional monomer to the epoxy resin;
  • the hydrophobic functional monomer is preferably: benzaldehyde And / or alkyl benzaldehyde, the reaction of a hydroxyl group with an aldehyde group.
  • the alkylbenzaldehyde may comprise one or more alkyl groups, each of which may have a carbon number of ⁇ - ⁇ .
  • the hydrophobic phenol resin may be one of conventional xylene phenolic resins, preferably one or more of a xylene-modified phenol resin, an epoxy resin-modified phenol resin, and a silicone-modified phenol resin.
  • the hydrophobic phenolic resin is commercially available or can be obtained by a conventional production method.
  • the hydrophobic polyurethane resin may be a conventional one which is a hydrophobic polyurethane resin, and is preferably prepared from one or more of an organic polyisocyanate and an oligomer polyol such as a polyether or a polyester.
  • the hydrophobic urethane resin is commercially available or can be obtained by a conventional production method.
  • the hydrophobic silicone resin may be conventionally various hydrophobic silicone resins, and the hydrophobic silicone resin is methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, phenyltrichlorosilane, diphenyldichloro One or a mixture of silane or methylphenyldichlorosilane. .
  • the hydrophobic silicone resin is commercially available or can be obtained by a conventional production method.
  • the unsaturated polyester may be one of a bisphenol hydrazine type unsaturated polyester, a vinyl resin, a halogenated unsaturated polyester, an orthophenyl type unsaturated polyester, and an isophthalic type unsaturated polyester, or a mixture thereof.
  • the unsaturated polyester is commercially available or can be obtained by a conventional production method.
  • the hydrophobic resin film may further contain a curing agent for the hydrophobic resin to promote curing of the hydrophobic resin.
  • the amount of the curing agent may be a conventional content thereof, preferably 10 to 40% by mass of the hydrophobic resin.
  • the curing agent for the hydrophobic epoxy resin is one or more of a fatty amine curing agent, an alicyclic amine curing agent, an aromatic amine curing agent, a polyamide curing agent, an acid anhydride curing agent, and a tertiary amine curing agent;
  • the curing agent for the hydrophobic phenolic resin is hexamethylenetetramine
  • the curing agent for the hydrophobic silicone resin is one or more of tin dibutyl dilaurate and barium, strontium, barium, ⁇ '-tetramethyl phosphonium salt;
  • the curing agent for the hydrophobic polyurethane resin is an adduct of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and trimethylolpropane (TMP), toluene diisocyanate and a hydroxyl group-containing prepolymer, and toluene diisocyanate.
  • TDI toluene diisocyanate
  • TMP trimethylolpropane
  • the hydroxyl group-containing component may be one or more of a glycol, a polyol, an alcohol amine, an aromatic diamine, and a dicarboxylic acid (anhydride, ester).
  • the curing agent for the unsaturated polyester is ketone peroxide and cobalt naphthenate at normal temperature; tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, peroxydicarbonate, dialkyl peroxide, peroxidation when heated One or more of t-hexyl octanoate and diester peroxide.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the hydrophobic particles, the method comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Heat the aggregate particles to 50-400 °C
  • Step 2 A hydrophobic resin is added and stirred uniformly, and the hydrophobic resin is coated on the surface of the aggregate particles to obtain hydrophobic particles.
  • the method further comprises the step 3 of: cooling, crushing, and sieving to control the particle size of the hydrophobic particles.
  • cooling crushing, and sieving to control the particle size of the hydrophobic particles.
  • the cooling is preferably cooled to room temperature.
  • Conventional crushing and sieving methods can be employed.
  • the heating temperature in the step 1 is preferably 100-240 °C.
  • the aggregate particles may be first soaked with the oily substance, the immersed particles have a better hydrophobic effect, and are more likely to react with the hydrophobic resin, and the oily substance may be hexane, 120# At least one of solvent oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, and salad oil.
  • the amount of the hydrophobic resin added in the step 2 is from 1 to 8% by mass of the aggregate particles.
  • the stirring time is preferably 2-3 minutes.
  • a curing agent may also be added.
  • the present invention also provides a waterproof and breathable structure comprising a waterproof gas permeable layer formed by laying the above hydrophobic particles.
  • the waterproof gas permeable layer may be located on the base layer to function as a gas permeable and water permeable.
  • the base layer may be a planting pit layer formed in a desert, a beach, a waste beach or a soil, and the top of the waterproof gas permeable layer is a planting soil layer.
  • Excavation of tree pits in deserts, beaches and saline-alkali sites, laying of hydrophobic particles at the bottom of tree-pits, and planting plants can ensure that rainwater is conserved near plant roots, preventing water from penetrating, spreading to sand, and preventing beaches.
  • Seawater in sediments such as saline-alkali land and substances that are not conducive to vegetation growth The part penetrates into the vicinity of the plant roots.
  • the hydrophobic particles have good gas permeability, and the above two layers can be connected to facilitate plant growth.
  • the base layer may be a bottom layer, and the upper portion of the waterproof gas-permeable layer is a water layer.
  • sand and gravel layers are laid on the bottom of the lake, and then a layer of hydrophobic particles is laid on the bottom, which not only has a good anti-seepage effect, but also connects the water layer with the ground gas to ensure the living conditions of the animals and plants in the water: effective
  • the above-mentioned water bodies can maintain an ecological balance.
  • the thickness of the waterproof gas permeable layer may be appropriately set.
  • the thickness of the waterproof gas permeable layer may be 1 cm or more, preferably 3-5 cm;
  • the ratio of the thickness of the waterproof gas-permeable layer to the depth of the water layer may be 1:0.1-1000, preferably 1:0.1-100.
  • the waterproof and breathable structure provided by the present invention can be applied to various fields in which it is required to prevent water from penetrating and requiring ventilation.
  • applications of the waterproof, breathable structure include, but are not limited to, a lake bottom, a river bottom, desert planting, water protection engineering, and the like.
  • the hydrophobic particles of the invention have good hydrophobicity, and the hydrophobic particles have good water resistance, long hydrophobicity, strong weather resistance, and good social and economic benefits;
  • hydrophobic particles of the present invention are free from any poison, they are safe and environmentally friendly, and have good environmental benefits;
  • the cushion layer formed by the hydrophobic particles has excellent waterproof and breathable effects, and can be widely used as a breathable waterproof layer in the bottom of the lake, the bottom of the river, the desert planting, and the waterproofing project, so that the underwater ecological environment can be well protected. Conducive to biological growth;
  • quartz sand was purchased from Yongdeng Lantian Quartz Co., Ltd.
  • the slag was purchased from Jilin Jien Nickel Co., Ltd.
  • the ceramsite was purchased from Shanxi Jianghe Tongda Oil and Gas Engineering Materials Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Since Langfang Weide Xingye Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Manufacturers and grades of hydrophobic resins and curing agents are as follows:
  • Liquid polyvinyl alcohol tert-butyraldehyde modified epoxy resin Shandong Shengquan Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Polyamide resin modified epoxy resin Fuqing Wangpai Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Xylene modified phenolic resin Shandong Shengquan Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Polyurethane resin Shandong Shengquan Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Epoxy resin modified phenolic resin Shandong Shengquan Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Glycidyl ether epoxy resin Shandong Shengquan Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Vinyl resin modified epoxy resin Shandong Shengquan Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Polyurethane resin Shandong Shengquan Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Isocyanate modified epoxy resin Shandong Shengquan Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Polyamide curing agent Fuqing Wangpai Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Hexamethyltetramine curing agent Jiangyin Tianxing Insulation Materials Co., Ltd.
  • Aromatic Amine Tianjin Runsheng Chemical Trading Co., Ltd.
  • Example 1 Aromatic Amine: Tianjin Runsheng Chemical Trading Co., Ltd.
  • Hydrophobic particles were separately prepared according to the method of Example 1 and using the starting materials as shown in Tables 1-4. Table 1
  • Vm the molar volume of the gas (22.4 L/mol)
  • Water repellency test The hydrophobic particles obtained in Examples 1 to 30 were respectively laid to a thickness of 3 cm.
  • the water resistance height test uses a plexiglass tube with a diameter of 5 cm, a layer of hydrophobic particles of 3 cm thickness is laid in the tube, and a 10 cm protective layer is laid on the layer of hydrophobic particles, and the protective layer is permeable to water. Then, water is injected into the tube. Under a certain water column height, after 24 hours, the water column descending height is less than 1 mm, and the certain water column height is the waterproof height. The results are shown in Table 5.

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Description

疏水颗粒及其制备方法和防水透气结构
技术领域
本发明涉及防渗材料, 尤其涉及疏水颗粒及其制备方法和防水透气结构。 背景技术
在现有技术中, 防渗材料成本高、 防渗效果不够好、 时效性短, 并且往往做到 防渗就导致产品不透气, 使防渗材料在各领域应用时产生一些副作用。 例如, 在进 行景观湖底的防渗时, 为了保持湖水水量, 防止水渗到地下补充地下水, 现有技术 中常用的方案有:方案 1 :在湖底用混凝土加防水材料做防水,该方法的防水效果好, 但成本较高,且不透气,破坏了湖底生物生长, 因此其应用具有很大局限性; 方案 2: 在湖底铺上一层防水膜, 该防水膜也不透气, 破坏了湖底的生物生长和生态环境, 仍无法普遍推广。
中国实用新型专利 CN201033870Y公开了一种水工混凝土坝保温防渗复合板, 包括绝热材料制成的保温板和复合土工膜, 该复合土工膜包括防水材料制成的土工 膜及两面热压无纺布的二布一膜的双面复合结构。 其中, 所述土工膜为塑料膜, 土 工膜的一层表面涂设一聚合物材料的界面剂涂层, 该界面剂涂层为聚合物乳液涂层。 该技术方案是通过不透水的塑料材质来实现防渗, 然而, 塑料透气性很差, 无法实 现防水的同时透气。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是现有的防渗材料无法同时防水又透气的缺点, 提 供一种能够形成防水透气层的疏水颗粒。 本发明还提供了疏水颗粒的制备方法, 以 及防水透气结构。
本发明提供了一种疏水颗粒, 该疏水颗粒包括骨料颗粒及包覆该骨料颗粒的表 面的疏水性树脂膜。
所述骨料颗粒和疏水性树脂膜在所述疏水颗粒中的含量可以在很大范围内变 动, 疏水性树脂膜的量只要使所述骨料颗粒的表面至少部分地被疏水性树脂膜包覆 即可, 优选情况下, 疏水性树脂膜的量使所述骨料颗粒的表面全部被疏水性树脂膜 包覆。 优选地, 所述疏水性树脂膜的质量占骨料颗粒的质量的 1-8%。 一个所述疏水颗粒可以包括一个或多个所述骨料颗粒。 当一个疏水颗粒包括多 个骨料颗粒时, 上述定义的疏水性树脂膜的含量是指疏水性树脂膜的质量占多个骨 料颗粒的质量之和的百分比。
所述骨料颗粒可以为各种硬质且不溶于水的颗粒, 优选为石英砂、 矿渣、 陶粒 和玻璃微珠中的一种或几种。
所述骨料颗粒的平均粒径可以在很大范围内改变, 优选情况下, 为了更好地提 高由骨料颗粒形成的防水透气层的防水性和透气性, 所述骨料颗粒的平均粒径为 6-300目, 更优选为 100-200目。
所述疏水性树脂膜含有疏水性树脂, 该疏水性树脂可以为各种疏水性树脂, 优 选为疏水性环氧树脂、 疏水性酚醛树脂、 疏水性聚氨酯树脂、 疏水性不饱和聚酯及 疏水性硅树脂中的一种或多种, 以实现更好的防水性。
优选情况下, 所述疏水性树脂膜含有疏水性环氧树脂、 疏水性酚醛树脂、 疏水 性聚氨酯树脂、 疏水性不饱和聚酯及疏水性硅树脂中的两种或更多种疏水性树脂, 任意两种疏水性树脂之间的质量比为 1:0.1-10。 按照该优选实施方式, 可以进一步提 高由骨料颗粒形成的防水透气层的防水性和透气性。
所述疏水性环氧树脂可以为常规的各种为疏水性环氧树脂, 优选为縮水甘油醚 类环氧树脂、 縮水甘油酯类环氧树脂、 縮水甘油胺类环氧树脂、 线型脂肪族类环氧 树脂、 脂环族类环氧树脂、 聚硫橡胶改性环氧树脂、 聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、 聚 乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂、 丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂、 酚醛树脂改性环氧树脂、 聚 酯树脂改性环氧树脂、 尿醛三聚氰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、 糠醛树脂改性环氧树脂、 乙烯树脂改性环氧树脂、 异氰酸酯改性环氧树脂和硅树脂改性环氧树脂中的一种或 多种。 所述疏水性环氧树脂可以商购得到, 也可以通过常规的制备方法制得。
例如, 所述疏水性环氧树脂可以通过如下的方法之一进行改性而获得: 方法一: 将环氧树脂, 如双酚 A型环氧树脂, 与油溶性的单体共聚, 所述油溶 性的单体为: 丙烯酸烷基酯, 甲基丙烯酸烷基酯, 乙基丙烯酸、 醋酸乙烯酯、 乙酸 烯丙酯、 乙烯基磺酸钠、 甲基乙烯基醚、 甲基烯丙基醚、 甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯、 丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯、 丙烯酸二甲氨基丙酯、 丙烯酸二乙氨基丙酯、 丙烯酸二甲氨 基丁酯、 甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯、 甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯中的任一种。 共聚的 条件可以为: 环氧树脂与油溶性单体的摩尔比为 1 : 0. 1-0. 5, 共聚的温度为 80-120 °C, 共聚的时间为 2-6小时; 共聚可以在反应介质中进行, 反应介质可以为能够溶 解所述反应原料并且不与所述反应原料反应的溶剂, 如丙酮、 四氢呋喃或二氯乙烷 中的至少一种, 反应介质的量只要满足使所述反应原料完全溶解即可。
方法二: 将环氧树脂接枝改性剂, 形成接枝聚合物; 改性的条件可以包括: 温 度为 80-150 °C, 时间为 0. 5-6 小时, 改性剂与环氧树脂的用量比为摩尔比为 0. 01-0. 1 : 1 ο 所述改性剂可以为硅氧烷、 有机硅、 聚氨酯或偏氯乙烯等。
方法三: 将环氧树脂的亲水性基团 (如羟基) 与疏水的功能单体发生反应, 将 疏水的功能单体连接到环氧树脂上; 疏水性的功能单体优选为: 苯甲醛和 /或烷基苯 甲醛, 利用羟基与醛基的反应。 所述烷基苯甲醛可以包括一个或多个烷基, 每个烷 基的碳原子数可以为 ι-ιο。
所述疏水性酚醛树脂可以为常规的各种为疏水性酚醛树脂, 优选为二甲苯改性 酚醛树脂、 环氧树脂改性酚醛树脂和有机硅改性酚醛树脂中的一种或多种。 所述疏 水性酚醛树脂可以商购得到, 也可以通过常规的制备方法制得。
所述疏水性聚氨酯树脂可以为常规的各种为疏水性聚氨酯树脂, 优选由有机多 异氰酸酯及聚醚、 聚酯等低聚物多元醇的一种或多种制备而得。 所述疏水性聚氨酯 树脂可以商购得到, 也可以通过常规的制备方法制得。
所述疏水性硅树脂可以为常规的各种为疏水性硅树脂, 所述疏水性有机硅树脂 是甲基三氯硅烷、 二甲基二氯硅烷、 苯基三氯硅烷、 二苯基二氯硅烷或甲基苯基二 氯硅烷的一种或其混合物。。 所述疏水性硅树脂可以商购得到, 也可以通过常规的制 备方法制得。
所述不饱和聚酯可以为双酚 Α型不饱和聚酯、 乙烯基树脂、 卤代不饱和聚酯、 邻苯型不饱和聚酯以及间苯型不饱和聚酯的一种或其混合物。 所述不饱和聚脂可以 商购得到, 也可以通过常规的制备方法制得。
所述疏水性树脂膜还可以含有用于所述疏水性树脂的固化剂, 以促进疏水性树 脂的固化。 固化剂的量可以为其常规含量, 优选为所述疏水性树脂的 10-40质量%。
对于不同的疏水性树脂可以使用不同的固化剂。 优选情况下:
用于所述疏水性环氧树脂的固化剂为脂肪胺固化剂、 脂环胺固化剂、 芳香胺固 化剂、 聚酰胺固化剂、 酸酐固化剂、 叔胺固化剂中的一种或几种;
用于所述疏水性酚醛树脂的固化剂为六次甲基四胺;
用于所述疏水性硅树脂的固化剂为二丁基二月桂酸锡和 Ν,Ν,Ν',Ν'-四甲基胍盐 中的一种或几种; 用于所述疏水性聚氨酯树脂的固化剂为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI )和三羟甲基丙烷 ( TMP) 的加成物, 甲苯二异氰酸酯和含羟基组份的预聚物、 甲苯二异氰酸酯的三聚 体。 所述含羟基组份可以为二元醇、 多元醇、 醇胺、 芳香族二元胺和二元羧酸 (酐、 酯) 中的一种或多种。
用于所述不饱和聚酯的固化剂, 常温时为过氧化酮和环烷酸钴; 加热时为过氧 化苯甲酸叔丁酯、 过氧化二碳酸酯、 二烷基过氧化物、 过氧化辛酸叔己酯和过氧化 二碳酸双酯中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供了所述疏水颗粒的制备方法, 该方法包括如下步骤:
步骤 1: 将骨料颗粒加热至 50-400 °C;
步骤 2: 加入疏水性树脂, 搅拌均匀, 使该疏水性树脂在所述骨料颗粒的表面覆 膜, 得到疏水颗粒。
优选地, 该方法还包括步骤 3: 冷却、 破碎、 筛分, 以控制疏水颗粒的粒径。 对 冷却的条件没有特别要求, 优选冷却至室温。 可以采用常规的破碎和筛分方法。
其中, 所述步骤 1中加热温度优选为 100— 240°C。
优选地, 在步骤 1之前, 可以先用油性物质浸泡骨料颗粒, 浸泡后的颗粒具有 更好的疏水效果,且更易于与疏水性树脂发生反应,所述油性物质可以为己烷、 120# 溶剂油、 菜子油、 花生油、 葵花子油、 大豆油和色拉油中的至少一种。
优选地, 所述步骤 2中疏水性树脂的加入量占骨料颗粒质量的 1-8%。
在步骤 2 中, 对搅拌的时间没有特别的要求, 只要使疏水性树脂均匀地附着在 骨料颗粒的表面即可。 搅拌时间优选为 2-3分钟。
所述骨料颗粒和疏水性树脂在上文中已作详细描述, 在此不再赘述。
其中, 于步骤 2中, 还可以加入固化剂。
固化剂的用量和种类在上文中已作详细描述, 在此不再赘述。
本发明还提出一种防水透气结构, 包括防水透气层, 该防水透气层由上述疏水 颗粒铺设形成。
所述防水透气层可以位于基层上, 起到透气并且防止水渗透的作用。
所述基层可以为在沙漠、 海滩、 荒滩或土壤中形成的种植坑层, 所述防水透气 层的上方为种植土层。 在沙漠、 海滩及盐碱地处挖掘树坑, 在树坑底部铺设疏水颗 粒, 再进行植物种植, 既能保证将雨水涵养在植物根系附近, 防止水分渗透、 扩散 到沙层损失, 又能防止海滩、 盐碱地等地层中的海水和不利于植被生长的物质随水 份渗透到植物根系附近。 同时疏水颗粒具有良好的透气性能, 能将上述两层接通, 有利于植物生长。
所述基层可以为水底地层, 所述防水透气层的上方为水体层。 先在湖底铺设沙 层和碎石层, 再在上面铺设疏水颗粒层, 既能起到良好的防渗效果, 又能将水体层 与地层地气接通, 保证水中动植物的生存条件: 有效地防止水体变质、 水环境恶化, 能使上述水体保持生态平衡。
根据应用对防水的要求程度, 可以适当地设置防水透气层的厚度, 例如当防水 透气层的上方为种植土层时, 防水透气层的厚度可以为 1厘米以上, 优选为 3-5厘 米; 当所述防水透气层的上方为水体层时, 所述防水透气层的厚度与水体层的深度 之比可以为 1: 0.1-1000, 优选为 1: 0.1-100。
本发明提供的防水透气结构可以应用于各种需要防止水渗透并且需要透气的领 域。 例如, 所述防水透气结构的应用包括但不限于湖底、 河流底部、 沙漠种植、 防 水工程等。
与现有技术相比, 本发明的有益效果包括:
1、 本发明的疏水颗粒具有良好的疏水性, 并且该疏水颗粒具有很好的耐水性, 疏水时效长, 耐候性强, 具有很好的社会效益和经济效益;
2、 由于本发明的疏水颗粒无任何毒害, 因此, 既安全又环保, 具有很好的环保 效益;
3、用该疏水颗粒形成的垫层, 具有优异的防水、透气效果, 可广泛应用于湖底、 河流底部、 沙漠种植、 防水工程中作为透气防水层使用, 因此可以很好地保护水底 生态环境, 利于生物生长;
4、 施工容易、 造价低, 因此成本低, 具有很好的经济效益;
5、 流动性好、 抗破坏能力强, 并且适用于异形及不规则的表面。 具体实施方式
以下以实施例的方式更详细地描述本发明, 但是应当理解的是, 本发明的范围 不限于以下的实施例。
在以下实施例中, 石英砂购自永登蓝天石英砂有限公司公司, 矿渣购自吉林吉 恩镍业股份有限公司, 陶粒购自山西江合通达油气工程材料制造有限公司, 玻璃微 珠购自廊坊维德兴业化工有限公司。 疏水性树脂及固化剂的厂家和牌号如下:
液体聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂: 山东圣泉化工股份有限公司
聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂: 福清王牌精细化工有限公司
二甲苯改性酚醛树脂: 山东圣泉化工股份有限公司
有机硅树脂: 道康宁 (美国)
聚氨酯树脂: 山东圣泉化工股份有限公司
环氧树脂改性酚醛树脂: 山东圣泉化工股份有限公司
縮水甘油醚类环氧树脂: 山东圣泉化工股份有限公司
乙烯树脂改性环氧树脂: 山东圣泉化工股份有限公司
聚氨酯树脂: 山东圣泉化工股份有限公司
异氰酸酯改性环氧树脂: 山东圣泉化工股份有限公司
脂环族环氧树脂: 山东圣泉化工股份有限公司
聚酰胺固化剂: 福清王牌精细化工有限公司
脂环胺: 江阴天星保温材料有限公司
六次甲基四胺固化剂: 江阴天星保温材料有限公司
二丁基二月桂酸锡: 上海元吉化工有限公司
TDI三聚体: 顺德市勒流镇博高涂料厂
芳香胺: 天津润升化工商贸有限公司 实施例 1 :
选择 6目的石英砂颗粒 100克, 加热至 50°C, 之后, 加入液体聚乙烯醇叔丁醛 改性环氧树脂 6克, 充分搅拌, 再加入聚酰胺固化剂 1克, 搅拌均匀, 使得环氧树 脂在石英砂颗粒表面覆膜; 然而, 冷却至室温, 破碎、 筛分后得到疏水颗粒。 实施例 2-30
按照实施例 1的方法, 并利用如表 1-4所示的原料, 分别制得疏水颗粒。 表 1
Figure imgf000008_0001
表 2
Figure imgf000009_0001
表 3
Figure imgf000010_0001
表 4
Figure imgf000011_0001
通过以下方法对实施例 1-30所得的疏水颗粒的透气性能及防水性能进行测 定:
透气性检测: 分别将实施例 1-30所得的疏水颗粒铺设成 3厘米的厚度, 在 常温下, 使铺设的颗粒层的上下两侧保持一定的气体压差, 通过测量试 样低压侧气体压力的变化, 从而计算出透气度 (L/min )。 低压侧初始的 压力为 Pi, 体积为 ,温度为 T\,经过一段时间透气 (t分钟)后, 检测低 压侧的压力为 P2, 体积为 V2,温度为 T2。 根据理想气体状态方程计算透 气后低压侧气体量的变化, 从而计算出透气量。
理想气体状态方程: PV=nRT 则:
Figure imgf000012_0001
式中: Ρ—气体压强 (Pa )
V—气体体积 (m3 )
n—气体的物质的量 (mol )
R—比例系数 (J/ ( mol-K ) )
T一体系温度 (K ) 则透气度为: 1
式中: η ι_透气前低压侧的物质的量 (mol )
n2—透气后低压侧的物质的量 (mol )
t一透气时间 (min )
Vm—气体的摩尔体积(22.4L/mol)
结果如表 5所示。
防水性检测: 分别将实施例 1-30所得的疏水颗粒铺设成 3厘米的厚度。 防 水高度测试采用直径为 5cm的有机玻璃管,在管内铺设 3cm厚度的疏水颗粒层, 疏水颗粒层上面铺设 10cm保护层, 所述保护层是透水的。 然后向管内注水, 在 一定水柱高度下, 24小时后, 水柱下降高度小于 lmm, 则所述一定水柱高度即 为防水高度。 结果如表 5所示。
作为对照, 分别利用 100 目的石英砂颗粒、 陶粒、 玻璃微珠和矿渣 进行上述相同的测试, 结果如表 5所示。
表 5
Figure imgf000013_0001
从表 5所示的结果可以看出,本发明提供的疏水性颗粒可以用于形成具有良 好的防水透气性能的防水透气结构。 应当指出的是: 以上实施例只是为了对该发明做进一步的更详细的说明, 不是用来限定该发明的保护范围的,在不脱离该发明的精神和构思的范围内, 本 领域普通技术人员可以作各种改进或变化, 仍然属于该发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种疏水颗粒, 其特征在于, 该疏水颗粒包括骨料颗粒及包覆该骨料颗 粒的表面的疏水性树脂膜。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的疏水颗粒, 其特征在于, 所述疏水性树脂膜的质 量占骨料颗粒的质量的 1-8%。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的疏水颗粒, 其特征在于, 所述骨料颗粒为石英 砂、 矿渣、 陶粒和玻璃微珠中的一种或几种, 所述骨料颗粒的平均粒径为 6-300 目。
4、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的疏水颗粒, 其特征在于, 所述疏水性树脂膜含 有疏水性环氧树脂、疏水性酚醛树脂、疏水性聚氨酯树脂、疏水性不饱和聚酯及 疏水性硅树脂中的一种或多种疏水性树脂。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的疏水颗粒, 其特征在于, 所述疏水性树脂膜含有疏 水性环氧树脂、疏水性酚醛树脂、疏水性聚氨酯树脂、疏水性不饱和聚酯及疏水 性硅树脂中的两种或更多种疏水性树脂, 任意两种疏水性树脂之间的质量比为 1:0.1-10。
6、 根据权利要求 4或 5所述的疏水颗粒, 其特征在于,
所述疏水性环氧树脂为縮水甘油醚类环氧树脂、 縮水甘油酯类环氧树脂、 縮水甘油胺类环氧树脂、 线型脂肪族类环氧树脂、脂环族类环氧树脂、聚硫橡胶 改性环氧树脂、聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂、 丁腈 橡胶改性环氧树脂、酚醛树脂改性环氧树脂、聚酯树脂改性环氧树脂、尿醛三聚 氰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、糠醛树脂改性环氧树脂、 乙烯树脂改性环氧树脂、异氰 酸酯改性环氧树脂和硅树脂改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种;
所述疏水性酚醛树脂为二甲苯改性酚醛树脂、 环氧树脂改性酚醛树脂和有 机硅改性酚醛树脂中的一种或多种; 和 /或
所述不饱和聚酯为双酚 A型不饱和聚酯、 乙烯基树脂、 卤代不饱和聚酯、邻 苯型不饱和聚酯以及间苯型不饱和聚酯的一种或多种。
7、 根据权利要求 4-6中任意一项所述的疏水颗粒, 其特征在于, 所述疏水 性树脂膜还含有用于所述疏水性树脂的固化剂,固化剂的量为所述疏水性树脂的 10-40质量%。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的疏水颗粒, 其特征在于,
用于所述疏水性环氧树脂的固化剂为脂肪胺固化剂、 脂环胺固化剂、 芳香 胺固化剂、 聚酰胺固化剂、 酸酐固化剂、 叔胺固化剂中的一种或几种; 和 /或 用于所述疏水性酚醛树脂的固化剂为六次甲基四胺; 和 /或
用于所述疏水性硅树脂的固化剂为二丁基二月桂酸锡和 Ν,Ν,Ν',Ν'-四甲基 胍盐中的一种或几种; 和 /或
用于所述疏水性聚氨酯树脂的固化剂为甲苯二异氰酸酯和三羟甲基丙烷的 加成物, 甲苯二异氰酸酯和含羟基组份的预聚物、 甲苯二异氰酸酯的三聚体中的 一种或几种; 和 /或
用于所述疏水性不饱和聚酯的固化剂, 常温时为过氧化酮和环烷酸钴, 加 热时为过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、 过氧化二碳酸酯、 二烷基过氧化物、 过氧化辛酸叔 己酯和过氧化二碳酸双酯中的一种或几种。
9、 权利要求 1所述的疏水颗粒的制备方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括如下 步骤:
步骤 1: 将骨料颗粒加热至 50-400 °C;
步骤 2: 加入疏水性树脂, 搅拌均匀, 使该疏水性树脂在所述骨料颗粒的表 面覆膜, 得到疏水颗粒。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 2中疏水性树 脂的加入量占骨料颗粒的质量的 1〜8%。
11、 如权利要求 9或 10所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述骨料颗粒为石 英砂、 矿渣、 陶粒和玻璃微珠中的一种或几种, 所述骨料颗粒的平均粒径为 6〜 300目。
12、 如权利要求 9或 10所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的疏水性树脂 为疏水性环氧树脂、疏水性酚醛树脂、疏水性聚氨酯树脂、疏水性不饱和聚酯和 疏水性硅树脂中的一种或几种。
13、 如权利要求 12所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述疏水性树脂为疏水 性环氧树脂、疏水性酚醛树脂、疏水性聚氨酯树脂、疏水性不饱和聚酯及疏水性 硅树脂中的两种或更多种, 任意两种疏水性树脂之间的质量比为 1:0.1-10。
14、 如权利要求 12或 13所述的制备方法, 其特征在于,
所述疏水性环氧树脂为縮水甘油醚类环氧树脂、 縮水甘油酯类环氧树脂、 縮水甘油胺类环氧树脂、 线型脂肪族类环氧树脂、脂环族类环氧树脂、聚硫橡胶 改性环氧树脂、聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂、 丁腈 橡胶改性环氧树脂、酚醛树脂改性环氧树脂、聚酯树脂改性环氧树脂、尿醛三聚 氰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、糠醛树脂改性环氧树脂、 乙烯树脂改性环氧树脂、异氰 酸酯改性环氧树脂和硅树脂改性环氧树脂中的一种或几种;
所述疏水性酚醛树脂为二甲苯改性酚醛树脂、 环氧树脂改性酚醛树脂和有 机硅改性酚醛树脂中的一种或几种。
15、如权利要求 10-14中任意一项所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 该方法还 包括, 在步骤 2中, 加入用于所述疏水性树脂的固化剂。
16、 一种防水透气结构, 其特征在于, 该防水透气结构包括防水透气层, 该防水透气层由权利要求 1-8中任意一项所述的疏水颗粒铺设形成。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的防水透气结构, 其特征在于, 所述防水透气层 的下方为基层 (
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的防水透气结构, 其特征在于, 所述基层为于沙 漠、 海滩、 荒滩或土壤中形成的种植坑层, 所述防水透气层的上方为种植土层, 所述防水透气层的厚度为 1厘米以上。
19、 根据权利要求 17所述的防水透气结构, 其特征在于, 所述基层为水底 地层,所述防水透气层的上方为水体层, 所述防水透气层的厚度与水体层的深度 之比为 1: 0.1-1000。
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CN114276183A (zh) * 2021-03-31 2022-04-05 北京正唐峪秀环境科技有限公司 盐碱地改良肥及其制备方法和应用
CN114163255A (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-03-11 光合生物科技(深圳)有限公司 一种用于盆栽植物的铺面石及其制备方法
CN114163255B (zh) * 2021-11-30 2023-05-12 光合生物科技(深圳)有限公司 一种用于盆栽植物的铺面石及其制备方法
CN116283058A (zh) * 2023-04-14 2023-06-23 中路高科交通检测检验认证有限公司 一种混凝土路面修补材料及其应用

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