WO2012065350A1 - 一种防滲透气盆栽容器及制备方法及盆栽种植容器及盆栽 - Google Patents

一种防滲透气盆栽容器及制备方法及盆栽种植容器及盆栽 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012065350A1
WO2012065350A1 PCT/CN2011/000868 CN2011000868W WO2012065350A1 WO 2012065350 A1 WO2012065350 A1 WO 2012065350A1 CN 2011000868 W CN2011000868 W CN 2011000868W WO 2012065350 A1 WO2012065350 A1 WO 2012065350A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
potted
container
hydrophobic
particles
resin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/000868
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
秦升益
胡文星
王振邦
Original Assignee
北京仁创科技集团有限公司
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Application filed by 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 filed Critical 北京仁创科技集团有限公司
Priority to US13/988,465 priority Critical patent/US20130283685A1/en
Priority to EP11841078.6A priority patent/EP2641464B1/en
Priority to JP2013539111A priority patent/JP6030063B2/ja
Publication of WO2012065350A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012065350A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/021Pots formed in one piece; Materials used therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of potted planting, and more particularly to an anti-permeation potted container, a method for preparing the same, a potted planting container and a potted plant. Background technique
  • the pots are widely used in various fields of life, and are placed in various corners such as homes and office places.
  • the existing potted containers are mostly made of inorganic materials.
  • the structure itself is dense and airtight.
  • the water poured into the potted plants quickly passes from the venting holes. Exudation does not guarantee sufficient penetration of water throughout the entire flowerpot.
  • the roots of the potted plants cannot be fully irrigated; and the soil in the pots also flows out of the small holes, causing pollution to the living environment and the outflow of water. It is necessary to constantly replenish watering and waste water resources.
  • Chinese patent CN101455163A discloses a novel environmentally-friendly flower pot and material having a water-saving and cleaning function, specifically, a good water-absorbent resin material (SAP) is used to form the inner wall of the flower pot, and the outer wall of the flower pot is formed by a water-impermeable material.
  • SAP water-absorbent resin material
  • the pot has good water absorption and water retention properties.
  • the growth of natural plants requires sufficient moisture, and it also needs to have good gas permeability.
  • the material of the inner wall and the outer wall of the flower pot can only ensure the water absorption performance of the flower pot, and the gas permeability of the flower pot is poor. Pots with poor air permeability can cause potted plants, especially roots, to be inaccessible, causing problems such as plant root rot and plant wilting.
  • Chinese patent CN2442503Y discloses The utility model relates to an ecological environment flower pot, which comprises a basin body without a drainage hole at the bottom, and the basin body is separated into a top layer soil planting flower layer and a lower layer water storage and storage layer layer in the middle and lower part of the basin body, A bucket-shaped watering opening is formed at the joint of the body wall of the basin.
  • the mesh layer plate is a trumpet-shaped mesh layer which is deep to the bottom of the basin in the middle and lower part of the basin body, and an inner drainage layer is formed between the middle and upper parts of the basin body and the trumpet-shaped mesh layer, in the bucket watering port An outer venting hole is formed in the upper wall of the inner drainage layer.
  • the venting layer and venting holes of the potted planting container can meet the needs of flower roots breathing; there is no drainage hole at the bottom to prevent environmental pollution.
  • the watering nozzle of the flower pot is placed at the joint of the wall of the pot body and the mesh layer board. Watering from the watering port can only meet the water storage needs of the water storage and storage layer, and the flower root system only passes through the mesh layer. Fertilizers and nutrients are obtained after reaching the aquifer.
  • the flower pot is provided with a mesh layer plate, and the mesh layer plate of the potted plant will destroy the root system of the potted plant when transplanted.
  • Chinese patent CN2643641Y discloses a water storage and ventilating flower pot, which comprises a flower pot body and a water storage cover which is buckled in the basin body, and a drainage hole is arranged on the side wall of the flower pot body, above the drainage hole There are airtight pores in the dense cover, and water inlet and outlet holes are provided in the side wall and bottom of the water storage cover.
  • the key technology is to install a water injection pipe in the flower pot. The upper end of the water injection pipe is flush with the upper edge of the flower pot body, and the lower end protrudes into the water storage cover.
  • the flower pot solves the problem that the flower pot has a small amount of water storage and poor gas permeability.
  • the flower pot When the flower pot is watered, water is stored in the water storage hood through the water injection pipe, and the flower is continuously supplied by the capillary phenomenon of the soil. If the water volume is saturated, excess water is discharged from the drainage hole. However, the water penetration of this structure is from bottom to top, and the penetration is slower than the top to bottom.
  • the side wall of the flower pot structure is provided with drainage holes, and the supersaturated water flows out from the drainage holes. On the one hand, it affects the aesthetics of the flower pot, on the other hand it will cause pollution to the living room environment.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a pot using the above-mentioned anti-permeation gas pot container Planting containers;
  • the four objects of the present invention are to provide a potted plant using a potted planting container.
  • the present invention discloses an anti-permeation potted container having an open cavity, the potted container being formed by bonding aggregate particles and a hydrophobic binder, adjacent to each other. Between the aggregate particles, pores through which gas molecules can pass and which are not permeable to liquid water molecules are formed.
  • the pores formed between the adjacent aggregate particles have a pore diameter of 0.001 to 0.3 mm, preferably 0.01 to 0.2 mm.
  • the aggregate particles are one or a mixture of quartz sand, slag, ceramsite or glass microspheres; the aggregate particles have a particle size of 0.04 - 0.85 mm.
  • the hydrophobic binder is one or a combination of a fluorine-containing epoxy resin binder, a silicon-containing epoxy resin binder, a silicone binder, a polyurethane, a polyester resin, and a phenol resin. mixture.
  • the aggregate particles are coated with a hydrophobic substance.
  • the hydrophobic substance is from 1 to 8% by weight of the aggregate particles.
  • the hydrophobic substance is a hydrophobic resin film coated on the aggregate particles, and the hydrophobic resin film is one or more of a hydrophobic epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a polyurethane resin, and a silicone resin. a formed film.
  • the hydrophobic substance includes any one or a combination of polytetrafluoroethylene, vegetable oil, silicon copper, siloxane, hydrocarbon, and copolymerized polyvinylidene chloride.
  • the hydrocarbon includes any one or a combination selected from the group consisting of paraffin, kerosene, diesel, crude oil, petroleum distillate, mineral spirits, and aliphatic solvents.
  • the invention also discloses a method for preparing the potted container, comprising the following steps: a. mixing the aggregate granules with the hydrophobic binder, pouring into a mixer and stirring uniformly;
  • the potting container can be obtained by solidifying and demolding.
  • the aggregate particles are coated with a hydrophobic substance.
  • the conditions of the curing molding described in the step c are at 1-52 ° C for 1-48 hours, preferably at room temperature for 2-4 hours.
  • the invention also discloses a potted planting container using the potted container, which has a cultivating layer, and a bottom impermeable layer composed of waterproof and permeable particles is laid between the potting container and the bottom surface of the cultivating layer, and the bottom anti-seepage layer There are pores through which gas molecules formed between adjacent waterproof gas-permeable particles can pass and liquid water molecules are impermeable.
  • a side anti-seepage layer composed of waterproof and breathable particles is disposed between a side surface of the cultivation layer and a wall of the potting container, and the side anti-seepage layer is formed by gas formed between adjacent waterproof and gas-permeable particles A pore through which molecules can pass and liquid water molecules are impermeable.
  • the waterproof gas permeable particles comprise aggregate particles and a hydrophobic substance coated on the aggregate particles.
  • the aggregate is one or a mixture of quartz sand, slag, ceramsite or glass microspheres; the aggregate has a particle size of 0.04 - 0.85 mm.
  • the cultivation layer comprises an upper raw sand and a lower organic matter, the raw sand being an aeolian sand, and the organic matter is animal waste and/or kitchen waste.
  • the invention also discloses a pot plant comprising the pot planting container; the pot planting container is planted with plants, and the plant is planted in the cultivation layer above the bottom impermeable layer.
  • the hydrophobic substance of the present invention is a hydrophobic resin film, and the hydrophobic resin film is a film formed of one or more of a hydrophobic epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a urethane resin, and a silicone resin.
  • the hydrophobic epoxy resin is a glycidyl ether epoxy resin, a glycidyl ester epoxy resin, a glycidylamine epoxy resin, a linear aliphatic epoxy resin, an alicyclic ring.
  • Oxygen resin polysulfide rubber modified epoxy resin, polyamide resin modified epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol tert-butylaldehyde modified epoxy resin, nitrile rubber modified epoxy resin, phenolic resin modification Epoxy resin, polyester resin modified epoxy resin, urethane urethane amide resin modified epoxy resin, furfural resin modified epoxy resin, vinyl resin modified ring resin, isocyanate modified epoxy resin or silicone resin
  • the hydrophobic phenolic resin is one or more of a xylene-modified phenol resin, an epoxy resin modified phenol resin or a silicone modified phenol resin.
  • the hydrophobic resin as described above can be obtained by a modification by a method of: copolymerizing an epoxy resin such as phthalic anhydride or maleic anhydride with an oil-soluble monomer
  • the oil-soluble monomers are: alkyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate, ethacrylic acid, vinyl acetate, allyl acetate, sodium vinyl sulfonate, methyl vinyl ether, methyl ally Ether, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, diethylaminopropyl acrylate, dimethylaminobutyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, A Any of diethylaminoethyl acrylate.
  • the epoxy resin may be graft-modified to form a graft polymer; a hydrophilic group of the epoxy resin, such as a hydroxyl group, is reacted with a hydrophobic functional monomer to form a hydrophobic polymer;
  • the functional monomers are: benzaldehyde, mercaptobenzaldehyde (a large class), which utilizes the reaction of a hydroxyl group with an aldehyde group.
  • the epoxy resin may be subjected to a substitution reaction, and under a catalytic reaction of light, a chlorine gas is involved in the substitution reaction, and a halogen is attached to the epoxy resin to improve the hydrophobic property.
  • a curing agent may be added to the hydrophobic resin film, and different curing agents may be added to different resins, wherein the curing agent is selected as follows:
  • glycidyl ether epoxy resin glycidyl ester epoxy resin, glycidylamine epoxy resin, linear aliphatic epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, polysulfide rubber modified epoxy resin , polyamide resin modified epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol tert-butyraldehyde modified epoxy resin, nitrile rubber modified epoxy resin, phenolic resin modified epoxy resin, polyester resin modified epoxy resin, urine aldehyde Melamine resin modified epoxy resin, furfural resin modified epoxy resin, vinyl resin modified epoxy resin, isocyanate modified epoxy resin or silicone resin modified epoxy resin, preferred curing agent is fatty amine, alicyclic ring Any of an amine, an aromatic amine, a polyamide, an acid anhydride, or a tertiary amine One or several;
  • a preferred curing agent is hexamethylenetetramine
  • a preferred curing agent is any one or more of dibutyl dilaurate or N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl phosphonium salt;
  • the curing agent is an adduct of toluene diisocyanate TDI and trimethoprim TMP, a prepolymer of TDI and a hydroxyl group-containing component, and a one-component moisture curing agent, a trimer of TDI.
  • the curing agent added at room temperature is ketone peroxide and cobalt phthalate; the curing agent added during heating is tert-butyl peroxybenzoate One or more of an ester, a peroxydicarbonate, a dimercapto peroxide, a t-hexyl peroxyoctanoate, and a diester of peroxydicarbonate.
  • the hydrophobic substance may also be any one or a combination of polytetrafluoroethylene, vegetable oil, silicon copper, siloxane, hydrocarbon, and copolymerized polyvinylidene chloride.
  • the hydrocarbon comprises any one or a combination of paraffin, kerosene, diesel, crude oil, petroleum distillate, mineral spirits, and an aliphatic solvent.
  • the hydrophobic substance is coated on the aggregate particles, and the method of applying the hydrophobic substance to the aggregate particles is spraying, impregnating or soaking aggregate particles on a hydrophobic substance.
  • the above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
  • the potted container according to the present invention is formed by bonding an aggregate and a hydrophobic binder, and the aggregate has a particle diameter of 0.04 to 0.85 mm.
  • the pores between the particles are generally on the same (or adjacent) order of magnitude as the particle size, and the pore size after bonding between the aggregates is on the order of 10 -1 to 10 ⁇ 3 mm. It was found by microscopic observation that the pores formed between the aggregate particles constituting the potting container of the present invention were between 0.001 and 0.3 mm.
  • the gas molecules (0 2 , C0 2, etc.) in the air are 10 - 1 nm in size. Below the order of magnitude, gas molecules in the air can easily pass through the surface porosity of the potted container in the present invention, ensuring the gas permeability of the container.
  • the pot body structure is relatively sparse and the gas permeability is good.
  • the applicant conducted a test relating to the gas permeability by comparison with a conventional potted container, and as a result, found that the gas permeability of the potted container in the present invention is higher than that of the ordinary potted container.
  • the gas permeability comparison test is specifically: adding 15 cm high water to a common potting container (ceramic pot container, plastic and similar pot container) and the anti-permeation pot container of the first embodiment of the present invention (dissolved after vacuum treatment by a vacuum)
  • the oxygen content was 3.3 ml/g) and then sealed for storage. After standing for 24 hours, the dissolved oxygen content in the bottom water of each container was separately tested (equivalent temperature conditions), and it was found that the potted container involved in the present invention was 10.5 ml/g, and the ordinary potted container (ceramic potted container, plastic and similar potted container).
  • the dissolved oxygen content of the water is 3.3 ml/g, 3.4 ml/g, 3.2 ml/g, respectively. It can be seen that the potted container involved in the present invention can replenish dissolved oxygen in the water by its gas permeability.
  • the liquid water molecules are much larger than the pores between the aggregates, and the water molecules are difficult to pass under low pressure conditions.
  • the aggregate of the potted container is bonded by a hydrophobic binder, which has a repellency effect on the water, thereby ensuring the impermeability of the pot container.
  • Fig. 4 is a view showing the microscopic surface condition of the pot container according to Example 1 of the present invention: From the measurement of the interparticle pores in the figure, it is understood that their sizes are in the range of 0.01 - 0.2 mm. Combined with the hydrophobic resin on the surface of the aggregate particles and the hydrophobic repellency of the hydrophobic binder, the potted container with the above pore size prevents the extravasation of moisture in the container.
  • the potted container has no venting holes, which can ensure the uniformity of water permeability from top to bottom when watering, and is directly discharged from the vent hole when watering the flower pot in the prior art, and the water storage is good.
  • the potted planting container according to the present invention is constructed by laying a bottom anti-seepage layer and a side anti-seepage layer composed of waterproof and breathable particles in the above-mentioned anti-permeation steam pot container, and the bottom anti-seepage layer and the side anti-seepage layer are all covered with a phase
  • the gas molecules formed between the adjacent waterproof and breathable particles can A pore that passes through and is impermeable to liquid water molecules.
  • the waterproof and breathable particles are composed of aggregate particles and a hydrophobic material coated on the auxiliary particles, and the aggregate particles have a particle size of 0.04-0.85 mm.
  • the pores between the particles are generally on the same (or adjacent) order of magnitude as the particle size, and the pore size after bonding between the aggregates is on the order of 10 -1 to 10 ⁇ 3 mm. It was found by microscopy that the pores formed between the bottom anti-seepage layer and the aggregate particles of the side anti-seepage layer were between 0.001 and 0.3 mm.
  • the gas molecules (0 2 , C0 2 , etc.) in the air are below the order of 10" nm, so the gas molecules in the air can easily pass through the surface pores of the potted container in the present invention to ensure the gas permeability of the pot planting container.
  • the bottom part and the side wall of the potting plant are provided with an anti-seepage layer composed of waterproof and breathable particles with anti-permeability properties, and the waterproof and breathable particles comprise aggregate particles and a hydrophobic substance covering the aggregate particles, and the aggregate particles are coated.
  • the hydrophobic substance can effectively prevent the penetration of moisture, and even in the case of supersaturated watering, it can prevent water from flowing out from the bottom and side walls of the potting plant, and maintain the water required in the plant.
  • the potted container has no venting holes, which can ensure the uniformity of water permeation from the top to the bottom when watering, and is directly discharged from the vent hole when the flower pot is watered in the prior art, and the water storage capacity is good.
  • Figure 2 is a potted planting container provided with a side anti-seepage layer
  • Figure 3 is a potted plant of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a microscopic surface (light microscopic observation) of the pot container of the present invention.
  • the reference numerals in the figure are indicated as:
  • the hydrophobic substance in the examples is a hydrophobic resin film
  • the hydrophobic resin film is a film formed of one or more of a hydrophobic oxygen resin, a phenol resin, a polymer resin, and a silicone resin.
  • the hydrophobic epoxy resin is a glycidyl ether epoxy resin, a glycidyl ester epoxy resin, a glycidylamine epoxy resin, a linear aliphatic epoxy resin, an alicyclic ring.
  • Oxygen resin polysulfide rubber modified epoxy resin, polyamide resin modified epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol tert-butylaldehyde modified epoxy resin, nitrile rubber modified epoxy resin, phenolic resin modified epoxy resin, Polyester resin modified epoxy resin, urethane aldehyde melamine resin modified epoxy resin, furfural resin modified epoxy resin, vinyl resin modified epoxy resin, isocyanate modified epoxy resin or silicone resin modified epoxy resin
  • One or more of the hydrophobic phenolic resins are one or more of a xylene modified phenolic resin, an epoxy resin modified phenolic resin or a silicone modified phenolic resin.
  • hydrophobic resin as described above can be obtained by the following modification, and the specific modification method is:
  • An epoxy resin such as phthalic anhydride or maleic anhydride is copolymerized with an oil-soluble monomer: decyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylate, ethacrylic acid, acetic acid Vinyl ester, allyl acetate, sodium vinyl sulfonate, methyl vinyl ether, methyl allyl ether, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, Any of diethylaminopropyl acrylate, dimethylaminobutyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
  • the epoxy resin can be modified to form a graft polymer; the hydrophilic group of the epoxy resin, such as a hydroxyl group, is reacted with a hydrophobic functional monomer to form a hydrophobic polymer;
  • the functional monomers are: benzaldehyde, alkylbenzaldehyde (a large class), which utilizes the reaction of a hydroxyl group with an aldehyde group.
  • the epoxy resin may be subjected to a substitution reaction, and under a catalytic reaction of light, a chlorine gas is used to participate in the substitution reaction, and the pigment is attached to the epoxy resin to improve the hydrophobic property.
  • a curing agent may be added to the hydrophobic resin film, and different curing agents may be added to different resins, wherein the curing agent is selected as follows:
  • glycidyl ether epoxy resin glycidyl ester epoxy resin, glycidylamine epoxy resin, linear aliphatic epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, polysulfide rubber modified epoxy resin , polyamide resin modified epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol tert-butyraldehyde modified epoxy tree Grease, nitrile rubber modified epoxy resin, phenolic resin modified epoxy resin, polyester resin modified epoxy resin, urethane aldehyde melamine resin modified epoxy resin monoester, furfural resin modified epoxy resin vinyl resin a modified epoxy resin, an isocyanate modified epoxy resin or a silicone modified epoxy resin, preferably a curing agent is any one of a fatty amine, an alicyclic amine, an aromatic amine, a polyamide, an acid anhydride, or a tertiary amine or Several
  • a preferred curing agent is hexamethylenetetramine
  • a preferred curing agent is dibutyl dilaurate or any one or more of N, N, ⁇ ', N'-tetramethyl phosphonium salts;
  • the curing agent is an adduct of TDI and ruthenium, a prepolymer of TDI and a hydroxyl group-containing component, and a one-component moisture curing agent, a trimer of TDI.
  • the curing agent added at room temperature is ketone peroxide and cobalt naphthenate; the curing agent added during heating is tert-butyl peroxybenzoate One or more of an ester, a peroxydicarbonate, a dialkyl peroxide, a t-hexyl peroxyoctanoate, and a diester of peroxydicarbonate.
  • the hydrophobic substance may also be any one or a combination of polytetrafluoroethylene, vegetable oil, silicon copper, siloxane, hydrocarbon, and copolymerized polyvinylidene chloride.
  • the hydrocarbon comprises any one or a combination of paraffin, kerosene, diesel, crude oil, petroleum distillate, mineral spirits, and an aliphatic solvent.
  • the hydrophobic substance is coated on the aggregate particles, and the method of applying the hydrophobic substance to the aggregate particles is spraying, impregnating or soaking aggregate particles on a hydrophobic substance.
  • Embodiment 1 The structure of the potting plant according to the embodiment is as shown in FIG. 1 , which comprises a potted container 1 with an opening, a bottom impermeable layer 2 and a cultivating layer, and the bottom impermeable layer 2 is placed in the pot At the bottom of the container 1, a culture layer is laid on the upper portion of the bottom barrier layer 2. Culture layer package The upper raw sand 4 and the lower organic matter 5 are included, the raw sand is an aeolian sand, and the organic matter 5 is animal waste and/or kitchen waste.
  • the potted container 1 is formed by the waterproof and permeable particles and the hydrophobic binder.
  • the potted container 1 is provided with pores of 0.01 to 0.2 mm formed between the adjacent waterproof and permeable particles, and the pores in the size range may be The gas molecules pass smoothly, and can effectively prevent the liquid water molecules from passing through.
  • the bottom barrier layer 2 is a waterproof gas permeable layer.
  • the bottom impermeable layer 2 is provided with pores of 0.01-0.2 mm formed between adjacent waterproof and permeable particles, and pores in the size range can smoothly pass gas molecules, and can effectively prevent liquid water molecules from being penetrated. Over.
  • the waterproof and breathable particles of the potted container 1 formed therein are the same as the waterproof and breathable particles of the bottom impermeable layer 2.
  • the waterproof and breathable particles are aggregate particles.
  • the aggregate particles are a mixture of quartz sand and slag in a weight ratio of 5:1, the quartz sand has a particle size of 0.075-0.3 mm, and the slag has a particle size of 0.1-0.3 mm.
  • the hydrophobic binder is a polyester resin bisphenol A type saturated polyester resin.
  • the potted container 1 is obtained by the following method:
  • the potted planting container described in this embodiment is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the cultivation layer of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the potted container 1 is made of waterproof and breathable particles and a hydrophobic binder.
  • the potted container 1 is covered with pores of 0.01-0.2 mm formed between adjacent waterproof and gas permeable particles, and the pores in the size range can make the gas The molecules pass smoothly and can effectively prevent the passage of liquid water molecules.
  • the waterproof and breathable particles of the potted container 1 and the bottom impermeable layer 2 are waterproof and breathable.
  • the particles are the same.
  • the waterproof gas permeable particles comprise aggregate particles and hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene coated on the aggregate particles.
  • the granules are quartz sand and chest-grain in a weight ratio of -4:2, the quartz sand has a particle size of 0.1-0.3 mm, and the ceramsite has a particle size of 0.075-0.3 mm.
  • the hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene is 3% by weight of the aggregate particles.
  • the method of applying the hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene to the aggregate particles is:
  • the hydrophobic binder is a phenolic resin rosin modified phenolic resin.
  • the potted container 1 is obtained by the following method:
  • another embodiment of a potted planting container includes a potted container 1 with an opening, a bottom impermeable layer 2 and a cultivating layer, and the bottom impermeable layer 2 is placed at the bottom of the potting container 1.
  • the bottom of the bottom impermeable layer 2 is covered with a cultivating layer, and the bottom impermeable layer 2 is a waterproof and permeable layer.
  • a side impermeable layer 6 for preventing leakage of the side wall of the pot container is disposed between the side surface of the cultivation layer and the wall of the pot container 1.
  • the bottom impermeable layer 2 and the side anti-seepage layer 6 are provided with pores of 0.05-0.2 mm formed between adjacent waterproof gas-permeable particles, and pores in the size range can smoothly pass gas molecules, and Can effectively prevent liquid moisture Through the child.
  • the cultivation layer includes the upper portion of the raw sand 4 and the organic matter 5 of the f portion, the raw sand being an aeolian sand, and the organic matter 5 being animal waste and/or kitchen waste.
  • the waterproof and breathable particles are aggregate particles.
  • the aggregate particles are composed of ceramsite and glass microbeads mixed at a weight ratio of 2:1, the ceramsite has a particle diameter of 0.075-0.6 mm, and the glass microspheres have a particle diameter of 0.04-0.15 mm.
  • the potted container 1 is made of waterproof and breathable particles and a hydrophobic binder.
  • the potted container 1 is covered with pores of 0.02-0.2 mm formed between adjacent waterproof and breathable particles, and the pores in the size range can be The gas molecules pass smoothly, and can effectively prevent the liquid water molecules from passing through.
  • the waterproof and permeable particles constituting the potted container 1 are the same as the waterproof and permeable particles of the bottom barrier layer 2 and the side barrier layer 6.
  • the hydrophobic binder is a fluorine-containing epoxy resin binder 2,2-bisphenol hexafluoropropane diglycidyl ether.
  • the potted container 1 is obtained by the following method:
  • the potted planting container described in this embodiment is shown in FIG.
  • the bottom impervious layer 2, the side anti-seepage layer 6, and the cultivation layer are the same as in the third embodiment.
  • the potted container 1 used therein is formed by bonding waterproof permeable particles and a hydrophobic binder, and the pot container 1 is covered with pores of 0.02-0.15 mm formed between adjacent waterproof and gas permeable particles, within the size range. The pores allow gas molecules to pass smoothly and effectively block the passage of liquid water molecules.
  • the waterproof and permeable particles constituting the potted container 1 include aggregate particles and a particle coated on the aggregate a hydrophobic phenolic resin on the granules, wherein the aggregate particles are quartz sand and glass microbeads in a weight ratio of 5:1 mixture-,-the quartz sand has a particle size of 0,075-0.3 mm, and the glass micro-beads have a particle size It is 0.04-0.15-mm.
  • the hydrophobic phenolic resin is 1 wt% of the aggregate particles.
  • the hydrophobic phenolic resin is obtained by copolymerization of maleic anhydride and sodium vinyl sulfonate.
  • the method of applying the phenolic resin to the aggregate particles is: '
  • the hydrophobic binder is a phenolic resin rosin modified phenolic resin.
  • the potted container 1 is obtained by the following method:
  • the phenolic resin-coated aggregate particles and the hydrophobic binder are mixed at a weight ratio of 96:4, and then poured into a mixer to be uniformly stirred;
  • the potted container was obtained by demolding at 120 ° C for 1 hour after solidification molding.
  • Fig. 3 shows a potted plant according to the present invention, including the above-described potted planting container; the potted planting container is planted with plants, and the plant is planted in the planting layer above the bottom impermeable layer 2.
  • the structures of the potting plant containers of Examples 5-8 were identical to those of the potting containers of Examples 1-4, respectively.
  • the hydrophobic binder may also be a polyester resin or a phenolic resin;
  • the hydrophobic substance coated on the aggregate particles may further be a hydrophobic resin film, and the hydrophobic resin film is one of a hydrophobic epoxy resin, a phenolic resin, a polyurethane resin, and a silicone resin. Or a variety of formed films.

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)

Description

Figure imgf000003_0001
一种防滲透气盆栽容器及制备方法及盆栽种植容器及盆栽 技术领域 本发明涉及盆栽种植领域, 尤其涉及防渗透气盆栽容器、其制备方 法, 盆栽种植容器及盆栽。 背景技术
盆裁广泛应用于生活中的各个领域, 摆放于家庭、 办公场所等各个 角落。 现有的盆栽容器大都是无机材料烧结而成, 结构本身致密不透气, 通常要在容器底部开有小孔以保证透气性, 但是在浇水时, 浇入盆栽种 的水分很快从透气孔渗出, 不能保证水分在整个花盆周向充分的渗透, 盆栽的根系不能得到充分的灌溉; 并且花盆内的土壤也会从小孔流出, 给居室环境造成了污染, 同时水分的流出也需要不断的补充浇水, 浪费 了水资源。
针对目前盆栽防渗效果不好的问题, 人们通常在盆栽底部放置一些 防渗材料。 而防渗材料虽然可以起到防渗的效果, 但是透气性不好, 造 成植物根部腐烂, 植物枯萎。 中国专利 CN101455163A公开一种具有节 水保洁功能的新型环保花盆及材料, 具体来说是用一种良好吸水性树脂 材料(SAP )构成花盆内壁, 用不透水材料构成花盆外壁。 该花盆具有良 好的吸水性能和保水性能。 但自然植物的生长需要足够的水分外, 还需 要具有良好的透气性, 该花盆内壁和外壁的材料只能保证花盆的吸水性 能, 花盆的透气性能较差。 花盆透气性差会导致盆栽植物, 尤其是根系, 不能很好的透气, 造成植物根部腐烂, 植物枯萎等问题。
为了同时保证花盆的透气性和节水性, 中国专利 CN2442503Y公开 了一种生态环境花盆, 其包括底部不设排水孔的盆体, 在盆体内中下部 处由网状层板将盆体隔成 -上层土壤栽花层和下层储水储肥层, 在盆体体 壁上与的结合处开设有斗状的浇水口。 网状层板是在盆体内中下部装有 一深至盆底的喇叭形网状层, 在盆体与喇叭形网状层的中上部之间形成 内排渍透气层, 在斗状浇水口的上方的内排渍透气层的层壁上开设有外 透气孔。 这种盆栽种植容器的透气层和透气孔能够满足花卉根系呼吸的 需要; 底部不设有排水孔, 防止了对环境的污染。 但是该花盆的浇水口 置于盆体体壁上与网状层板的结合处, 从浇水口浇水只能满足储水储肥 层的储水需要, 花卉根系只有通过网状层长到储水层后获得肥料和养分。 另外, 该花盆设有网状层板, 盆栽植物移植时网状层板会破坏盆栽植物 的根系。
中国专利 CN2643641Y公开了一种蓄水透气花盆, 该花盆包括花盆 盆体和倒扣在盆体内的蓄水罩, 在花盆盆体的侧壁上设有排水孔, 在排 水孔上方密布有透气细孔, 在的蓄水罩侧壁和底部设有进出水孔。 其关 键技术为在花盆内设有注水管, 注水管的上端与花盆盆体上口边平齐, 下端伸入蓄水罩内。 该花盆解决了花盆蓄水量少、 透气性差的问题。 该 花盆浇水时通过注水管将水蓄于蓄水罩内, 在通过盆土的毛细现象持续 供给花木所需, 若水量饱和, 从排水孔排出多余的水分。 但是这种结构 方式水的渗透是由下到上, 相比由上到下的渗透方式渗透很慢; 另外, 这种花盆结构侧壁上设有排水孔, 过饱和的水分从排水孔流出, 一方面 影响花盆的美观性, 另一方面会给居室环境造成污染。 发明内容 本发明要解决的技术问题是现有盆栽容器不能同时保证节水、 透 气、保水的问题,进而提供一种兼具防渗、透气和保水性能的盆栽容器; 本发明的第二个目的为提供上述防渗透气盆栽容器的制备方法; 本发明的第三个目的为提供一种应用上述防渗透气盆栽容器的盆 栽种植容器;
本发明的素四个目的为提供应用土述盆栽种植容器的盆栽。
为此, 本发明公开了一种防渗透气盆栽容器, 所述盆栽容器带有一 开口的空腔, 所述盆栽容器是由骨料颗粒和憎水粘结剂粘结而成, 相邻 的所述骨料颗粒之间形成气体分子能够通过且液态水分子不能透过的孔 隙。
所述相邻骨料颗粒之间形成的孔隙的孔径为 0.001-0.3 mm, 优选为 0.01-0.2 mm。 所述骨料颗粒为石英砂、 矿渣、 陶粒或玻璃微珠中的一种或其中几 种的混合物; 所述骨料颗粒的粒径为 0.04-0.85 mm。 所述憎水粘结剂为含氟环氧树脂粘结剂、 含硅环氧树脂粘结剂、 有 机硅粘结剂、 聚氨脂、 聚脂树脂及酚醛树脂中的一种或其中几种的混合 物。 所述骨料颗粒上包覆有疏水性物质。
所述疏水性物质为骨料颗粒的 l-8wt%。
所述的疏水性物质为包覆在所述骨料颗粒上的疏水性树脂膜, 所述 疏水性树脂膜为由疏水性环氧树脂、 酚醛树脂、 聚氨酯树脂及硅树脂中 的一种或多种形成的膜。
所述疏水性物质包括聚四氟乙烯、 植物油、 硅铜、 硅氧烷、 烃以及 共聚合聚偏氯乙烯中的任意一种或其组合。
所述烃包括选自石蜡、 煤油、 柴油、 原油、 石油馏出物、 溶剂油及 脂族溶剂中的任意一种或其组合。
本发明同时公开一种制备所述盆栽容器的方法, 包括以下步骤: a. 将骨料颗粒与憎水粘结剂混合后倒入搅拌机搅拌均匀;
b. 将包覆憎水粘结剂的骨料颗粒倒入盆栽成型模具; C. 固化成型脱模即可得到所述盆栽容器。 所述的骨料颗粒包覆有疏水性物质。
步骤 c所述的固化成型的条件是在 5-120°C放置 1-48小时, 优选为 常温下放置 2-4小时。 本发明同时公开一种应用所述盆栽容器的盆栽种植容器, 其具有培 植层, 所述盆栽容器与培植层底面之间铺设有由防水透气颗粒构成的底 部防渗层, 所述底部防渗层上遍布有由相邻所述防水透气颗粒之间形成 的气体分子能够通过且液态水分子不能透过的孔隙。
所述培植层的侧面同所述盆栽容器的器壁之间铺设有由防水透气颗 粒构成的侧部防渗层, 所述侧部防渗层由相邻所述防水透气颗粒之间形 成的气体分子能够通过且液态水分子不能透过的孔隙。
所述防水透气颗粒包括骨料颗粒和包覆在所述骨料颗粒上的疏水性 物质。 所述骨料为石英砂、 矿渣、 陶粒或玻璃微珠中的一种或其中几种的 混合物; 所述骨料的粒径为 0.04-0.85 mm。 所述的培植层包括上部的原砂和下部的有机质, 所述原砂为风积砂, 所述有机质为动物粪便和 /或餐厨垃圾。
本发明同时公开一种盆栽, 其包括所述盆栽种植容器; 所述的盆栽 种植容器中种植有植物, 所述植物栽植于所述底部防渗层上方的培植层 内。 本发明所述疏水性物质为疏水性树脂膜, 所述疏水性树脂膜为由疏 水性环氧树脂、 酚醛树脂、 聚氨酯树脂及硅树脂中的一种或多种形成的 膜。 较佳地, 所述疏水性环氧树脂为缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂、 缩水甘油 酯类环氧树脂、 缩水甘油胺类环氧树脂、 线型脂肪族类环氧树脂、 脂 环族类环氧树脂、 聚硫橡胶改性环氧树脂、 聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、 聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂、 丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂、 酚醛树脂改性 环氧树脂、 聚酯树脂改性环氧树脂、 尿醛三 氰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、 糠醛树脂改性环氧橼脂一乙烯树脂改性环 树脂、 异氰酸酯改性环氧树 脂或硅树脂改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种; 所述疏水性酚醛树脂为二甲 苯改性酚醛树脂、 环氧树脂改性酚醛树脂或有机硅改性酚醛树脂中的一 种或多种。 并且, 如以上所述的疏水性树脂可以通过如下的方法改性而获得, 具体改性方法为: 将环氧树脂, 如邻苯二甲酸酐或马来酸酐, 与油溶性的单体共聚, 所述油溶性的单体为: 丙烯酸烷基酯, 甲基丙烯酸烷基酯, 乙基丙烯酸、 醋酸乙烯酯、 乙酸烯丙酯、 乙烯基磺酸钠、 甲基乙烯基醚、 甲基烯丙基 醚、 甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯、 丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯、 丙烯酸二甲氨基 丙酯、 丙烯酸二乙氨基丙酯、 丙烯酸二甲氨基丁酯、 甲基丙烯酸二甲氨 基乙酯、 甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯中的任一种。 或者, 也可以将环氧树脂接枝改性, 形成接枝聚合物; 将环氧树脂 的亲水性基团, 如羟基, 与疏水的功能单体发生反应, 将其接起来; 疏 水性的功能单体为: 苯甲醛, 垸基苯甲醛(一大类), 利用羟基与醛基的 反应。
或者, 也可以将环氧树脂进行取代反应, 在光照的催化反应下, 用 氯气参与取代反应, 将卤素接到环氧树脂上面, 以改善疏水性能。
另外, 所述疏水性树脂膜中可以加入有固化剂, 并且, 对于不同的 树脂加入不同的固化剂, 其中, 固化剂的选择具体如下:
对于缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂、 缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂、 缩水甘油胺 类环氧树脂、 线型脂肪族类环氧树脂、 脂环族类环氧树脂、 聚硫橡胶 改性环氧树脂、 聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、 聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树 脂、 丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂、 酚醛树脂改性环氧树脂、 聚酯树脂改性环 氧树脂、 尿醛三聚氰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、 糠醛树脂改性环氧树脂、 乙 烯树脂改性环氧树脂、 异氰酸酯改性环氧树脂或硅树脂改性环氧树脂, 较佳的固化剂为脂肪胺、 脂环胺、 芳香胺、 聚酰胺、 酸酐、 叔胺中的任 一种或几种;
对于二甲一苯—改性酚醛—树脂、 ¾氧树脂改性酚醛树脂或有 _机硅改性数 醛树脂, 较佳的固化剂为六次甲基四胺;
对于有机硅树脂而言, 较佳的固化剂为二丁基二月桂酸锡或 N, N, N', N'—四甲基胍盐中的任一种或几种;
对于疏水性聚氨酯树脂, 其固化剂为甲苯二异氰酸酯 TDI和三甲氧 苄胺嘧啶 TMP的加成物, TDI和含羟基组份的预聚物及单组份潮气固化 剂、 TDI的三聚体。
对于不饱和聚酯 (对苯二甲酸与乙二醇的聚合物),常温时所加入的固 化剂为过氧化酮和环垸酸钴; 加热时所加入的固化剂为过氧化苯甲酸叔 丁酯、 过氧化二碳酸酯、 二垸基过氧化物、 过氧化辛酸叔己酯和过氧化 二碳酸双酯中的一种或几种。
并且, 所述的疏水性物质还可以为聚四氟乙烯、 植物油、 硅铜、 硅氧 烷、 烃以及共聚合聚偏氯乙烯中的任意一种或其组合。 较佳地, 所述烃 包括石蜡、 煤油、 柴油、 原油、 石油馏出物、 溶剂油及脂族溶剂中的任 意一种或其组合。 其中, 所述疏水性物质为涂覆于所述骨料颗粒上, 并且将所述疏水 性物质涂覆于所述骨料颗粒上的方法为喷雾、 浸渍或浸泡骨料颗粒于疏 水性物质的液体溶液中以化学涂覆骨料颗粒; 或者为应用疏水性物质的 薄膜片材涂覆到骨料颗粒中; 或者为将加热的骨料颗粒放置于疏水性物 质中, 熔融疏水性物质到骨料颗粒; 或者为电镀、 等离子喷涂、 溅射、 流化及粉末涂覆的方式将疏水性物质涂覆到骨料颗粒上。 本发明的上述技术方案与现有技术相比有以下优点: 本发明中涉及的盆栽容器由骨料和憎水粘结剂粘结而成, 骨料的粒 径为 0.04-0.85 mm。 从材料学可知, 颗粒之间的孔隙一般和颗粒大小处 于同一 (或相邻)数量级, 骨料间粘结后的孔隙大小处于 10 -1〜 10·3 mm数量 级。 经显微镜观察后得知, 构成本发明盆栽容器的骨料颗粒之间形成的 孔隙在 0.001-0.3 mm之间。空气中气体分子( 02,C02等)大小处于 10— 1 nm 数量级以下, 所以空气中的气体分子可以很容易通过本发明中涉及盆栽 容器的-表面孔隙, -保证 -盆裁容器的透气性能。 比于现有技术―中的-无机 材料烧结而成的盆栽容器来说, 盆体结构相对稀疏, 透气性能良好。
申请人通过和普通的盆栽容器进行了相关透气性对比的试验, 结果 发现本发明中涉及盆栽容器的透气性能高于普通盆栽容器透气性。
透气性对比试验具体为: 分别向普通盆栽容器 (陶瓷盆栽容器, 塑 料和相近盆栽容器) 和本发明实施例 1 中的防渗透气盆栽容器中加入 15cm高的水(经过负压煮沸处理后溶解氧含量为 3.3ml/g ), 然后封口储 存。 放置 24小时后分别测试(同等温度条件)各容器底部水中的溶解氧 含量, 结果发现本发明中涉及的盆栽容器中为 10.5 ml/g, 而普通盆栽容 器(陶瓷盆栽容器, 塑料和相近盆栽容器) 中水的溶解氧含量分别为 3.3 ml/g, 3.4 ml/g, 3.2 ml/g, 可见, 本发明中涉及的盆栽容器能通过其透气 性能补充水体中的溶解氧。
而液态水分子相比骨料间的孔隙要大很多, 水分子在低压力的情况 下很难通过。 另外, 盆栽容器的骨料是由憎水性粘结剂粘接, 对于水分 子有排斥作用, 保证了盆栽容器的防渗性。
图 4为本发明实施例 1 的盆栽容器的微观表面情况: 从图中对骨料 颗粒间孔隙的测量可知它们的尺寸均处于 0.01-0.2 mm范围内。结合骨料 颗粒表面的疏水树脂以及憎水粘结剂对水分子特有的排斥作用, 拥有以 上孔隙尺寸的盆栽容器可防止容器内水分的外渗。
同时这种盆栽容器没有排气孔, 能够保证浇水时水分由上而下的渗 透一致性, 相比于现有技术中的花盆浇水时直接从透气孔排出, 蓄水性 好。
本发明涉及的盆栽种植容器是通过上述防渗透汽盆栽容器内铺设由 防水透气颗粒构成的底部防渗层和侧面防渗层构成, 所述底部防渗层和 侧面防渗层上遍布有由相邻所述防水透气颗粒之间形成的气体分子能够 通过且液态水分子不能透过的孔隙。 防水透气颗粒是由骨料颗粒和包覆 在所述辅牲颗粒上的疏水材料构成, 所 -述—骨料颗粒鈞.粒径为—为 0.04-0.85 mm。 从材料学可知, 颗粒之间的孔隙一般和颗粒大小处于同一 (或相邻) 数量级, 骨料间粘结后的孔隙大小处于 10 -1〜 10·3 mm数量级。 经显微镜 观察后得知, 底部防渗层和侧面防渗层的骨料颗粒之间形成的孔隙在 0.001-0.3 mm之间。 空气中气体分子(02,C02等)大小处于 10" nm数量 级以下, 所以空气中的气体分子可以很容易通过本发明中涉及盆栽容器 的表面孔隙, 保证盆栽种植容器的透气性能。
盆栽种植容器的底部和侧壁上设有具有防渗透气性能的防水透气颗 粒构成的防渗层, 该防水透气颗粒包括骨料颗粒及包覆骨料颗粒的疏水 性物质, 包覆骨料颗粒的疏水性物质可以有效防止水分的渗透, 即使在 浇水过饱和的情况下, 也能防止水份从盆栽种植容器底部和侧壁流出, 维持了植物中所需要的水分。 同时这种盆栽容器没有排气孔, 能够保证 浇水时水分由上而下的渗透一致性, 相比于现有技术中的花盆浇水时直 接从透气孔排出, 蓄水性好。
附图标记 为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚的理解,下面根据本发明的具体 实施例并结合附图, 对本发明作进一步详细的说明, 其中 图 1为本发明的盆栽种植容器;
图 2为设有侧部防渗层的盆栽种植容器; 图 3为本发明的盆栽;
图 4为本发明的盆栽容器的微观表面 (光学显微镜观察)。 图中附图标记表示为:
1-盆栽容器 2-底部防渗层 4-原砂 5-有机质 6-侧部防渗层 具体实施方式 实施例中所述疏水性物质为疏水性树脂膜, 所述疏水性树脂膜为由 疏水性 氧树脂、 酚醛树脂、 聚 旨树脂及硅树脂_中的一种或多种形成 的膜。 较佳地, 所述疏水性环氧树脂为缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂、 缩水甘 油酯类环氧树脂、 缩水甘油胺类环氧树脂、 线型脂肪族类环氧树脂、 脂环族类环氧树脂、 聚硫橡胶改性环氧树脂、 聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树 脂、 聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂、 丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂、 酚醛树脂 改性环氧树脂、 聚酯树脂改性环氧树脂、 尿醛三聚氰胺树脂改性环氧树 脂、 糠醛树脂改性环氧树脂、 乙烯树脂改性环氧树脂、 异氰酸酯改性环 氧树脂或硅树脂改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种; 所述疏水性酚醛树脂为 二甲苯改性酚醛树脂、 环氧树脂改性酚醛树脂或有机硅改性酚醛树脂中 的一种或多种。
并且, 如以上所述的疏水性树脂可以通过如下的方法改性而获得, 具体改性方法为:
将环氧树脂, 如邻苯二甲酸酐或马来酸酐, 与油溶性的单体共聚, 所述油溶性的单体为: 丙烯酸垸基酯, 甲基丙烯酸烷基酯, 乙基丙烯酸、 醋酸乙烯酯、 乙酸烯丙酯、 乙烯基磺酸钠、 甲基乙烯基醚、 甲基烯丙基 醚、 甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯、 丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯、 丙烯酸二甲氨基 丙酯、 丙烯酸二乙氨基丙酯、 丙烯酸二甲氨基丁酯、 甲基丙烯酸二甲氨 基乙酯、 甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯中的任一种。
或者, 也可以将环氧树脂接技改性, 形成接枝聚合物; 将环氧树脂 的亲水性基团, 如羟基, 与疏水的功能单体发生反应, 将其接起来; 疏 水性的功能单体为: 苯甲醛, 烷基苯甲醛(一大类), 利用羟基与醛基的 反应。
或者, 也可以将环氧树脂进行取代反应, 在光照的催化反应下, 用 氯气参与取代反应, 将 素接到环氧树脂上面, 以改善疏水性能。
另外, 所述疏水性树脂膜中可以加入有固化剂, 并且, 对于不同的 树脂加入不同的固化剂, 其中, 固化剂的选择具体如下:—
对于缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂、 缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂、 缩水甘油胺 类环氧树脂、 线型脂肪族类环氧树脂、 脂环族类环氧树脂、 聚硫橡胶 改性环氧树脂、 聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、 聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树 脂、 丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂、 酚醛树脂改性环氧树脂、 聚酯树脂改性环 氧树脂、 尿醛三聚氰胺树脂改性环氧树一脂—、 糠醛树脂改性环氧树脂 乙 烯树脂改性环氧树脂、 异氰酸酯改性环氧树脂或硅树脂改性环氧树脂, 较佳的固化剂为脂肪胺、 脂环胺、 芳香胺、 聚酰胺、 酸酐、 叔胺中的任 一种或几种;
对于二甲苯改性酚醛树脂、 环氧树脂改性酚醛树脂或有机硅改性酚 醛树脂, 较佳的固化剂为六次甲基四胺;
对于有机硅树脂而言, 较佳的固化剂为二丁基二月桂酸锡或 N, N, Ν', N'—四甲基胍盐中的任一种或几种';
对于疏水性聚氨酯树脂, 其固化剂为 TDI和 ΤΜΡ的加成物, TDI和 含羟基组份的预聚物及单组份潮气固化剂、 TDI的三聚体。
对于不饱和聚酯 (对苯二甲酸与乙二醇的聚合物),常温时所加入的固 化剂为过氧化酮和环烷酸钴; 加热时所加入的固化剂为过氧化苯甲酸叔 丁酯、 过氧化二碳酸酯、 二烷基过氧化物、 过氧化辛酸叔己酯和过氧化 二碳酸双酯中的一种或几种。
并且, 所述的疏水性物质还可以为聚四氟乙烯、 植物油、 硅铜、 硅氧 烷、 烃以及共聚合聚偏氯乙烯中的任意一种或其组合。 较佳地, 所述烃 包括石蜡、 煤油、 柴油、 原油、 石油馏出物、 溶剂油及脂族溶剂中的任 意一种或其组合。 其中, 所述疏水性物质为涂覆于所述骨料颗粒上, 并且将所述疏水 性物质涂覆于所述骨料颗粒上的方法为喷雾、 浸渍或浸泡骨料颗粒于疏 水性物质的液体溶液中以化学涂覆骨料颗粒; 或者为应用疏水性物质的 薄膜片材涂覆到骨料颗粒中; 或者为将加热的骨料颗粒放置于疏水性物 质中, 熔融疏水性物质到骨料颗粒; 或者为电镀、 等离子喷涂、 溅射、 流化及粉末涂覆的方式将疏水性物质涂覆到骨料颗粒上。 实施例 1 本实施例所述的盆栽种植容器结构如图 1 所示, 其包括带有开口的 盆栽容器 1、底部防渗层 2和培植层, 所述底部防渗层 2置于所述盆栽容 器 1 的底部, 所述底部防渗层 2的上部铺设有培植层。 所述的培植层包 括上部的原砂 4和下部的有机质 5 , 所述原砂为风积砂, 所述有机质 5为 动物粪便和 /或.餐厨垃圾-。
盆栽容器 1 是由防水透气颗粒和憎水粘结剂粘结而成, 盆栽容器 1 上遍布有相邻防水透气颗粒之间形成的 0. 01-0.2mm的孔隙,该尺寸范围 内的孔隙可以使气体分子顺利通过, 且能有效阻止液态水分子透过。
所述底部防渗层 2为防水透气颗粒层。 所述底部防渗层 2上遍布有 由相邻所述防水透气颗粒之间形成的 0.01-0.2mm的孔隙, 该尺寸范围内 的孔隙可以使气体分子顺利通过, 且能有效阻止液态水分子透过。 其中构成的盆栽容器 1 的防水透气颗粒与底部防渗层 2的防水透气 颗粒相同。
所述防水透气颗粒为骨料颗粒。 所述骨料颗粒为石英砂和矿渣以重 量比 5:1混合物,所述石英砂的粒径为 0.075-0.3 mm,矿渣的粒径为 0.1-0.3 mm。
所述憎水粘结剂为聚酯树脂双酚 A型饱和聚酯树脂。 所述盆栽容器 1是通过下述方法制得:
a. 将骨料颗粒与聚酯树脂双酚 A型饱和聚酯树脂按重量比 99:1 混 合后倒入搅拌机搅拌均匀;
b. 将粘接有所述憎水粘结剂的骨料颗粒倒入盆栽成型模具; c 在 5 °C放置 48小时固化成型后脱模即可得到所述盆栽容器。 实施例 2
本实施例所述的盆栽种植容器如图 1 所示。 本实施例的培植层与实 施例 1相同。
盆栽容器 1 是由防水透气颗粒和憎水粘结剂粘结而成, 盆栽容器 1 上遍布有相邻防水透气颗粒之间形成的 0.01-0.2mm的孔隙, 该尺寸范围 内的孔隙可以使气体分子顺利通过, 且能有效阻止液态水分子透过。
其中构成的盆栽容器 1 的防水透气颗粒与底部防渗层 2的防水透气 颗粒相同。 所述防水透气颗粒包括骨料颗粒和包覆在所述骨料颗粒上的 疏水胜聚四氟乙烯。 所述看料颗粒为石英砂和胸 -粒以重量比 -.4:2混合物 , 所述石英砂的粒径为 0.1-0.3 mm, 陶粒的粒径为 0.075-0.3 mm。所述疏水 性聚四氟乙烯为骨料颗粒的 3wt%。 所述疏水性聚四氟乙烯涂覆于所述骨料颗粒上的方法为:
1 )将疏水性聚四氟乙烯加热至熔融状态;
2 )将骨料颗粒加热至 210°C时, 加入所述疏水性聚四氟乙烯, 30秒 搅拌混匀,'使所述疏水性聚四氟乙烯均匀分散于所述骨料颗粒表面;
3 )将六次甲基四胺固化剂(占骨料颗粒的 0.015wt% )加入上述制备 得到的混合物中, 搅拌混匀, 固化 60秒;
4 )将氧化聚乙烯蜡润滑剂(占骨料颗粒的 0.009wt% )加入固化好的 混合物中, 搅拌均匀, 冷却, 过筛, 即得。
所述憎水粘结剂为酚醛树脂松香改性酚醛树脂。
所述盆栽容器 1是通过下述方法制得:
a. 将包覆有疏水性聚四氟乙烯的骨料颗粒与所述憎水粘结剂按重量 比 97:3混合后倒入搅拌机搅拌均匀; b. 将粘接有所述憎水粘结剂的骨料颗粒倒入盆栽成型模具; c 在常温下放置 2小时固化成型后脱模即可得到所述盆栽容器。 实施例 3
如图 2所示为盆栽种植容器的另一种实施方式, 包括带有开口的盆 栽容器 1、底部防渗层 2和培植层, 所述底部防渗层 2置于所述盆栽容器 1的底部, 所述底部防渗层 2的上部铺设有培植层, 所述底部防渗层 2为 防水透气颗粒层。 所述培植层的侧面同所述盆栽容器 1 的器壁之间铺设 有防止盆栽容器侧壁渗漏的侧部防渗层 6。所述底部防渗层 2和侧部防渗 层 6上遍布有由相邻所述防水透气颗粒之间形成的 0.05-0.2mm的孔隙, 该尺寸范围内的孔隙可以使气体分子顺利通过, 且能有效阻止液态水分 子透过。 所述 ·的培植层包括上部的原砂 4和 f部的有机质 5,所述原砂为风积 砂, 所述有机质 5为动物粪便和 /或餐厨垃圾。 所述防水透气颗粒为骨料颗粒。 所述骨料颗粒由陶粒和玻璃微珠以 重量比 2: 1混合而成, 所述陶粒的粒径为 0.075-0.6 mm, 所述玻璃微珠的 粒径为 0.04-0.15 mm。 所述盆栽容器 1 是由防水透气颗粒和憎水粘结剂粘结而成, 盆栽容 器 1上遍布有相邻防水透气颗粒之间形成的 0.02-0.2mm的孔隙, 该尺寸 范围内的孔隙可以使气体分子顺利通过, 且能有效阻止液态水分子透过。
构成盆栽容器 1的防水透气颗粒的与底部防渗层 2以及侧部防渗层 6 的防水透气颗粒相同。
所述憎水粘结剂为含氟环氧树脂粘结剂 2,2-双酚基六氟丙烷二缩水 甘油醚。
所述盆栽容器 1是通过下述方法制得:
a. 将骨料颗粒与所述憎水粘结剂按 98.5: 1.5混合后倒入搅拌机搅拌 均匀;
b. 将粘接有所述憎水粘结剂的骨料颗粒倒入盆栽成型模具; c 在 5 (TC放置 10小时固化成型后脱模即可得到所述盆栽容器。 实施例 4
本实施例所述的盆栽种植容器如图 2所示。 其底部防渗透层 2、侧部 防渗层 6和培植层与实施例 3相同。 其中所使用的盆栽容器 1是由防水透气颗粒和憎水粘结剂粘结而成, 盆栽容器 1上遍布有相邻防水透气颗粒之间形成的 0.02-0.15mm的孔隙, 该尺寸范围内的孔隙可以使气体分子顺利通过, 且能有效阻止液态水分 子透过。 构成盆栽容器 1 的防水透气颗粒包括骨料颗粒和包覆在所述骨料颗 粒上的疏水性酚醛树脂, 所述骨料颗粒为石英砂和玻璃微珠以重量比 5: 1 混合物 -,-所述石英砂的粒径为 0,075-0.3 mm,玻璃微—珠的粒径为 0.04-0.15一 mm。 所述疏水性酚醛树脂为骨料颗粒的 lwt%。 所述疏水性酚醛树脂是 由马来酸酐与乙烯基磺酸钠共聚制得。 所述酚醛树脂涂覆于所述骨料颗粒上的方法为: '
1 )将酚醛树脂加热至熔融状态;
2 )将骨料颗粒加热至 220°C时,加入所述酚醛树脂, 60秒搅拌混匀, 使所述酚醛树脂均匀分散于所述骨料颗粒表面;
3 )将脂肪族胺固化剂 (占骨料颗粒的 10wt% )加入上述制备得到的 混合物中, 搅拌混匀, 固化 120秒;
4 )将硬脂酸酰胺润滑剂 (占骨料颗粒的 1.25wt% )加入固化好的混 合物中, 搅拌均匀, 冷却, 过筛, 即得。
所述憎水粘结剂为酚醛树脂松香改性酚醛树脂。
所述盆栽容器 1是通过下述方法制得:
a. 将包覆有酚醛树脂的骨料颗粒与所述憎水粘结剂按重量比为 96:4 混合后倒入搅拌机搅拌均匀;
b. 将粘接有憎水粘结剂的骨料颗粒倒入盆栽成型模具;
c 在 120°C放置 1小时固化成型后脱模即可得到所述盆栽容器。
实施例 5-8
图 3 所示为本发明所述的盆栽, 包括上述的盆栽种植容器; 所述的 盆栽种植容器中种植有植物, 所述植物栽植于所述底部防渗层 2上方的 培植层内。实施例 5-8所述盆栽种植容器的结构分别与实施例 1-4的盆栽 容器结构一致。
作为本发明可替换的方式, 所述憎水粘结剂还可以为聚脂树脂或酚 醛树脂; 所述骨料颗粒上包覆的疏水性物质还可以为疏水性树脂膜, 所述疏 水性树脂膜为由疏水性 ^氧树脂.、 -酚醛樣脂、 聚氨酯树脂及硅树脂—中的 一种或多种形成的膜。
显然, 上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例, 而并非对实施 方式的限定。 对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说, 在上述说明的基础上 还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。 这里无需穷举。 而由此所引伸 出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种防渗透气盆栽容器, 所述盆栽容器带有一开口的空腔, 其特 征在于:
所述盆栽容器是由骨料颗粒和憎水粘结剂粘结而成, 相邻的所述骨 料颗粒之间形成气体分子能够通过且液态水分子不能透过的孔隙。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的防渗透气盆栽容器, 其特征在于: 所述相邻骨料颗粒之间形成的孔隙的孔径为 0.001-0.3 mm。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的防渗透气盆栽容器, 其特征在于: 所述相邻骨料颗粒之间形成的孔隙的孔径为 0.01-0.2 mm。
4、 根据权利要求 1-3任一所述的防渗透气盆栽容器, 其特征在于: 所述骨料颗粒为石英砂、 矿渣、 陶粒或玻璃微珠中的一种或其中几 种的混合物; 所述骨料颗粒的粒径为 0.04-0.85 mm。
5、 根据权利要求 1-4任一所述的防渗透气盆栽容器, 其特征在于: 所述憎水粘结剂为含氟环氧树脂粘结剂、 含硅环氧树脂粘结剂、 有 机硅粘结剂、 聚氨脂、 聚脂树脂及酚醛树脂中的一种或其中几种的混合
6、 根据权利要求 1-5任一所述的防渗透气盆栽容器, 其特征在于: 所述骨料颗粒上包覆有疏水性物质。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的防渗透气盆栽容器, 其特征在于: 所述疏水性物质为骨料颗粒的 l-8wt%。
8、 根据权利要求 6或 7所述的防渗透气盆栽容器, 其特征在于: 所述的疏水性物质为包覆在所述骨料颗粒上的疏水性树脂膜, 所述 疏水性树脂膜为由疏水性环氧树脂、 酚醛树脂、 聚氨酯树脂及硅树脂中 的一种或多种形成的膜。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的防渗透气盆栽容器, 其特征在于: 所述疏水性物质包括聚四氟 £-烯、 楂物油、…硅铜、 硅氧烷、 烃以及 共聚合聚偏氯乙烯中的任意一种或其组合。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的防渗透气盆栽容器, 其特征在于: 所述烃包括选自石蜡、 煤油、 柴油、 原油、 石油馏出物、 溶剂油及 脂族溶剂中的任意一种或其组合。
11、 一种制备权利要求 1-10任一所述的制备盆栽容器的方法, 其特 征在于:
包括以下步骤:
a. 将骨料颗粒与憎水粘结剂混合后倒入搅拌机搅拌均匀; b. 将包覆憎水粘结剂的骨料颗粒倒入盆裁成型模具;
c 固化成型脱模即可得到所述盆栽容器。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的制备盆栽容器的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的骨料颗粒包覆有疏水性物质。
13、 根据权利要求 11或 12所述的制备盆栽容器的方法, 其特征在 于:
步骤 c所述的固化成型的条件是在 5- 120°C放置 1-48小时。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的制备盆栽容器的方法, 其特征在于: 所述的固化成型的条件是在常温下放置 2-4小时。
15、 一种应用权利要求 1-10任一所述盆栽容器的盆栽种植容器, 其 具有培植层, 其特征在于:
所述盆栽容器(1 )与培植层底面之间铺设有由防水透气颗粒构成的 底部防渗层 (2 ), 所述底部防渗层 (2 )上遍布有由相邻所述防水透气颗 粒之间形成的气体分子能够通过且液态水分子不能透过的孔隙。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的盆栽种植容器, 其特征在于: 所述培植层的侧面同所述盆栽容器(1 ) 的器壁之间铺设有由防水透 气颗粒构成的侧部防渗层 所述侧部.防_渗层 (6 ) 由相邻所述防 透 气颗粒之间形成的气体分子能够通过且液态水分子不能透过的孔隙。
17、 根据权利要求 15或 16所述的盆栽种植容器, 其特征在于: 所述防水透气颗粒包括骨料颗粒和包覆在所述骨料颗粒上的疏水性 物质。
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的盆栽种植容器, 其特征在于: 所述骨料为石英砂、 矿渣、 陶粒或玻璃微珠中的一种或其中几种的 混合物; 所述骨料的粒径为 0.04-0.85 mm。
19、 根据权利要求 15或 16所述的盆栽种植容器, 其特征在于: 所述的培植层包括上部的原砂(4 )和下部的有机质(5 ), 所述原砂 ( 4 )为风积砂, 所述有机质 (5 ) 为动物粪便和 /或餐厨垃圾。
20、 一种盆栽, 其特征在于:
包括权利要求 15-19任一权利要求所述的盆栽种植容器; 和, 所述的盆栽种植容器中种植有植物, 所述植物栽植于所述底部防渗 层 (2 ) 上方的培植层内。
PCT/CN2011/000868 2010-11-19 2011-05-18 一种防滲透气盆栽容器及制备方法及盆栽种植容器及盆栽 WO2012065350A1 (zh)

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