WO2013159740A1 - 一种复合型砂种植结构 - Google Patents

一种复合型砂种植结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013159740A1
WO2013159740A1 PCT/CN2013/074832 CN2013074832W WO2013159740A1 WO 2013159740 A1 WO2013159740 A1 WO 2013159740A1 CN 2013074832 W CN2013074832 W CN 2013074832W WO 2013159740 A1 WO2013159740 A1 WO 2013159740A1
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Prior art keywords
sand
planting
porous
nutrient
structure according
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PCT/CN2013/074832
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
秦升益
陈梅娟
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北京仁创科技集团有限公司
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Publication of WO2013159740A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013159740A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/40Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of sand seedlings, and particularly relates to a composite sand planting structure using a porous planting sand and nutrient planting sand which can be directly used for planting, and a planting container for self-contained and breathable.
  • Desertification is a natural phenomenon caused by climate change caused by the movement of the Earth's dry belt, causing localized desertification. Moreover, with the increasing global climate and the rapid population growth, the land is overexploited and cultivated and livestock, resulting in faster and faster desertification, reduced farmland, and continued decline in agricultural and livestock production capacity. Especially for a country with a small population and a small population in China, the negative impact of the growing desertification process leading to the reduction of agricultural and plantable soil is fatal.
  • agronomists are committed to the development of desertification, in addition to the development of desert planting, focusing on anti-seepage or wind-proof treatment in the desert, weakening sand migration, and improving the survival rate of deserts. It is applied to daily agricultural planting with water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining planting sands. It is expected to improve the dilemma caused by the diminishing agricultural soil, and also help to improve the utilization efficiency of the increasingly accumulated sand.
  • Chinese Patent No. CN102159667A discloses a sand agglomerate comprising a mixture of organic waste or by-product powder and soil microorganisms, and mixed with sand so that soil microorganisms are inoculated onto the sand, using the supplied moisture to make Soil microbial growth, using its hyphae to coagulate organic waste or by-product powder with sand.
  • the sand aggregates according to the present invention are supplied with water in a state in which the organic waste powder and the sand mixed with the soil microorganisms are appropriately mixed, it is possible to prevent the phenomenon of sand from being blown up and to supply nutrients.
  • the organic waste powder mixed in the sand can act as a base fertilizer to promote the growth of the roots of the plant.
  • the sand agglomerates described in the patent can also be applied with fertilizer to make the sand continue to be fattened.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the natural sand in the prior art is not suitable for the problem of daily planting technology, and further provides a product which is beneficial for water retention, fertilizer conservation, and suitable for daily planting.
  • the composite sand planting structure of the present invention comprises a planting container and porous planting sand and nutrient planting sand laid in the planting container;
  • the porous planting sand is a sand ball having a porous structure bonded by a natural sand particle and a binder containing at least a hydrophilic binder, and a pore suitable for adsorption is formed between the adjacent natural sand particles.
  • the nutrient planting sand comprises the porous planting sand and a nutrient film coated on the surface of the porous planting sand;
  • the binder may be all hydrophilic binder or partially hydrophilic binder.
  • a binder other than the hydrophilic binder is preferably a resin type binder;
  • the planting container is formed by bonding waterproof permeable particles and a hydrophobic binder, and adjacent pores of the permeable and permeable particles form pores through which gas molecules can pass but liquid water molecules are impermeable.
  • the pores have a pore diameter of 0.001 to 0.3 mm, preferably 0.01 to 0.2 mm.
  • the structure, preparation method and material selection of the planting container are the same as those of the potting container disclosed in Chinese Patent No. CN202043482U.
  • the waterproof gas permeable particles include aggregate particles and a hydrophobic substance coated on the aggregate particles.
  • the hydrophobic substance is from 1 to 8% by weight of the aggregate particles.
  • the aggregate is one or a mixture of quartz sand, slag, ceramsite or glass microspheres; the aggregate has a particle size of 0.04-0.85 mm.
  • the hydrophobic substance is a hydrophobic resin film coated on the aggregate particles, and the hydrophobic resin film is one of a hydrophobic epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a polyurethane resin, and a silicone resin. One or more formed films.
  • the hydrophobic binder is one of a fluorine-containing epoxy resin binder, a silicon-containing epoxy resin binder, a silicone binder, a polyurethane, a polyester resin, and a phenol resin. A mixture of several of them.
  • the hydrophobic substance is a hydrophobic resin film
  • the hydrophobic resin film is a film formed of one or more of a hydrophobic epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a urethane resin, and a silicone resin.
  • the hydrophobic epoxy resin is shrinkage Description
  • Oleic ether epoxy resin glycidyl ester epoxy resin, glycidylamine epoxy resin, linear aliphatic epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, polysulfide rubber modified epoxy resin, poly Amide resin modified epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol tert-butyraldehyde modified epoxy resin, nitrile rubber modified epoxy resin, phenolic resin modified epoxy resin, polyester resin modified epoxy resin, urethane aldehyde melamine resin
  • a modified epoxy resin a furfural resin-modified epoxy resin, a vinyl resin-modified epoxy resin, an isocyanate-modified epoxy resin or a silicone-modified epoxy resin
  • the hydrophobic phenolic resin It is one or more of a xylene modified phenol resin, an epoxy resin modified phenol resin or a silicone modified phenol resin.
  • the hydrophobic resin as described above can be obtained by a modification by a method of - an epoxy resin such as phthalic anhydride or maleic anhydride, and an oil-soluble single In vivo copolymerization
  • the oil-soluble monomer is: decyl acrylate, decyl methacrylate, ethacrylic acid, vinyl acetate, allyl acetate, sodium vinyl sulfonate, methyl vinyl ether, nail Allyl ether, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, diethylaminopropyl acrylate, dimethylaminobutyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate Either ester or diethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
  • the epoxy resin may be graft-modified to form a graft polymer; a hydrophilic group of the epoxy resin, such as a hydroxyl group, is reacted with a hydrophobic functional monomer to join them; Hydrophobic functional monomers are: benzaldehyde, alkylbenzaldehyde (a large class), the reaction of a hydroxyl group with an aldehyde group.
  • the epoxy resin may be subjected to a substitution reaction, and under a catalytic reaction of light, a chlorine gas is used to participate in the substitution reaction, and a halogen is attached to the epoxy resin to improve the hydrophobic property.
  • a curing agent may be added to the hydrophobic resin film, and different curing agents are added to different resins, wherein the curing agent is selected as follows:
  • glycidyl ether epoxy resin glycidyl ester epoxy resin, glycidylamine epoxy resin, linear aliphatic epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, polysulfide rubber modified epoxy resin , polyamide resin modified epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol tert-butyraldehyde modified epoxy resin, nitrile rubber modified epoxy resin, phenolic resin modified epoxy resin, polyester resin modified epoxy resin, urine aldehyde Melamine resin modified epoxy resin, furfural resin modified epoxy resin, vinyl resin modified epoxy resin, isocyanate modified epoxy resin or silicone resin modified epoxy resin, preferred curing agent is fatty amine, alicyclic ring Any one or more of an amine, an aromatic amine, a polyamide, an acid anhydride, and a tertiary amine;
  • a preferred curing agent is hexamethylenetetramine
  • a preferred curing agent is any one or more of dibutyl dilaurate or N, N, ⁇ ', N'-tetramethyl phosphonium salt;
  • the curing agent is an adduct of toluene diisocyanate TDI and trimethoprim TMP, a prepolymer of TDI and a hydroxyl group-containing component, and a one-component moisture curing agent, a trimer of TDI.
  • the curing agent added at normal temperature is ketone peroxide and cobalt citrate; the curing agent added during heating is benzoyl peroxide
  • ketone peroxide and cobalt citrate the curing agent added during heating is benzoyl peroxide
  • benzoyl peroxide One or more of tert-butyl formate, peroxydicarbonate, dialkyl peroxide, t-hexyl peroxyoctanoate and diester peroxide.
  • the hydrophobic substance may be any one or a combination of polytetrafluoroethylene, vegetable oil, silicon copper, siloxane, hydrocarbon, and copolymerized polyvinylidene chloride.
  • the hydrocarbon comprises any one or a combination of paraffin, kerosene, diesel, crude oil, petroleum distillate, mineral spirits, and an aliphatic solvent.
  • the hydrophobic substance is coated on the aggregate particles
  • the method of applying the hydrophobic substance to the aggregate particles is spraying, impregnating or soaking the aggregate particles in the hydrophobic Chemically coating the aggregate particles in a liquid solution of the substance; or coating the film sheet with the hydrophobic substance into the aggregate particles; or placing the heated aggregate particles in a hydrophobic substance, melting hydrophobicity Material to aggregate particles; or hydrophobic materials are applied to the aggregate particles by electroplating, plasma spraying, sputtering, fluidization, and powder coating.
  • the present invention also discloses a method of preparing the planting container, comprising the following steps:
  • the curing container is demolded to obtain the planting container.
  • the aggregate particles are coated with a hydrophobic substance.
  • the curing molding conditions described in the step c are carried out at 5-12 CTC for 1-48 hours, preferably at room temperature for 2-4 hours.
  • porous planting sand and the nutrient planting sand are uniformly mixed and laid in the planting container.
  • porous planting sand and the nutrient planting sand are respectively laid to form a porous planting sand layer and a nutrient planting sand layer, and are laid at intervals.
  • the porous planting sand layer and the nutrient-growing sand layer have a thickness of 1 to 5 cm.
  • porous planting sand layer and the nutrient planting sand layer have the same thickness.
  • the natural sand particles are sand grains having the same or similar particle diameter.
  • the natural sand particles have a particle size of 40-70 mesh.
  • the pores between adjacent natural sand grains are 50-300 u m.
  • the sand ball has a diameter of 0.1 to 2 cm.
  • the binder accounts for 20-30% by weight of the natural sand.
  • the hydrophilic binder accounts for 30-60% of the total amount of the binder.
  • the hydrophilic binder is a hydrophilic resin binder.
  • the hydrophilic resin binder is an epoxy resin, a polyurethane and an acrylic acid having a hydrophilic carboxylate, a sulfonate, an ammonium salt, a hydroxyl group or a main chain containing a nonionic hydrophilic segment in a side chain.
  • One or several of the resins are included in the resins.
  • the selection of the hydrophilic binder can be selected by referring to the contents disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN1966861A.
  • the nutrient film is a film formed by loading a nutrient solution suitable for plant growth of plants on the pores and the outer surface of the porous sand ball.
  • the nutrient film has a thickness of 10-200 m.
  • the target planting plant includes a plant having stems and leaves and roots as fruits.
  • the present invention also discloses the preparation steps of the porous planting sand: after sieving natural sand particles, selecting natural sand particles of suitable particle size and mixing with selected binders to make the two fully contact and form Sand balls, between the adjacent sand grains, form suitable microbial strains and pores adsorbed by beneficial fertilizers.
  • the present invention also discloses the preparation steps of the nutrient planting sand:
  • step (1) The porous sand ball obtained in step (1) is immersed in the nutrient solution prepared in step (2) to be enriched and cultured to obtain a film-filled sand ball;
  • step (3) Dry the coated sand ball obtained in step (3) and sieve it to obtain the desired planting sand.
  • the weight-to-volume ratio of the loaded sand ball to the nutrient solution is 10-30 g/L.
  • the porous planting sand according to the present invention utilizes the bonding of the existing natural sand through a hydrophilic binder to complete the pore-forming operation, so that the pores of 50-300 um formed between adjacent natural sand grains are applicable and have Helping the external beneficial components to be loaded in the pores of the surface of the sand ball, and using the porous property of the sand ball to effectively maintain the nutrient fertilizer, the fertilizer applied by the outside of the planting process can be loaded into the pores formed between the sand grains, and then To prevent the loss of fertilizer with water loss, it will help to increase the utilization rate of fertilizer;
  • the nutrient planting sand according to the present invention utilizes the bonding of the existing natural sand through a hydrophilic binder to complete the pore-forming operation, so that the pores of 50-300 ⁇ formed between the adjacent natural sand grains are loaded.
  • a nutrient that is beneficial to plant growth can be straight Description
  • It can also be used as a fertilizer, and can also be used as a supplemental fertilizer for plant growth after the loss of fertilizer, so that the planting sand described in the present invention can be used for crop cultivation, the fertilizer retention time is prolonged, the effective utilization rate is improved, and the plant is well grown;
  • the porous planting sand and the nutrient planting sand according to the present invention are activated and perforated by natural sand which is difficult to retain water and fertilizer, difficult to plant and use in existing resources, so that it has the ability to load fertilizer and effectively alleviate With the loss of water, the natural sand can be used for daily planting, which helps to alleviate the difficulty of crop planting caused by the reduction of plantable soil caused by the increasingly serious desertification;
  • the planting sand according to the invention adopts sand grains with the same or similar particle size for bonding and pore-forming, which is beneficial to obtain sand balls with uniform voids, so that the nutrient composition of the planting sand is evenly distributed, which is beneficial to plant growth;
  • the hydrophilic resin binder is used for pore-forming the natural sand, which is beneficial to the infiltration and adsorption performance of nutrients;
  • the binder is obtained by 20-30% of the natural sand, so that the pores formed between the natural sand particles after the binder bonding can reach 50-300 ⁇ m, which is suitable for the external fertilizer. Load to avoid its loss;
  • the nutrient planting sand of the invention is coated on the surface of the sand ball in a film form, and is convenient to store, and has no trouble of pollution and odor in the use process of the liquid fertilizer, and is particularly suitable for home planting;
  • the composite sand planting structure according to the present invention uses the porous planting sand and the nutrient planting sand together with a planting container having waterproof and breathable properties, and the use of the anti-permeability of the planting container avoids
  • the problem of conventional planting container fertilizer loss with moisture from the bottom hole makes the fertilizer-preserving performance of the planting structure superior, and also utilizes the good ventilation performance of the planting container to ensure the ventilation requirement of plant growth;
  • the sand planting structure according to the present invention uses the porous planting sand and the nutrient planting sand to be laid by a partition layer, and uses the pore arrangement of the porous planting sand to carry out an effective load, and cooperates with the nutrient planting sand to load the fertilizer, so that the The fertilizer-retaining performance of the sand planting structure has been further improved;
  • the porous planting sand layer and the nutrient-growing sand layer in the sand planting structure of the present invention preferably have a thickness of 1 to 5 cm, and preferably have the same thickness, and have a fertilizer-retaining property for the sand planting structure. Increased and contributes to the benign growth of plants.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a sand planting structure according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another sand planting structure according to the present invention.
  • the sand planting structure described in this embodiment is directed to the cultivation of leaf plants.
  • the porous planting sand described in this embodiment is a porous ball composed of a natural sand having a particle size of 70-100 and a hydrogenated bisphenol A epoxy resin and a hydrophilic epoxy resin.
  • the planting sand has a diameter of l-2 cm, and a pore of 150-300 ⁇ m is formed between the adjacent natural sand grains.
  • the porous planting sand described in this embodiment is prepared by the following method: sieving natural sand particles, selecting 100 Kg of sand grains of 70-100 mesh size, 21 Kg of hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin and The hydrophilic epoxy resin binder 9Kg is uniformly mixed to form a sand ball having a diameter of l-2 cm, and a pore of 150-300 ⁇ is formed between the adjacent natural sand particles for use.
  • the nutrient planting sand includes a porous sand ball and a nutrient film coated on the surface of the porous sand ball, and the nutrient film is loaded with the nutrient solution suitable for leaf plant growth on the porous sand ball.
  • the nutrient planting sand described in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:
  • porous sand balls The natural sand particles are sieved, and 100K g of sand grains of 70-100 mesh size, 21Kg of hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin and 9Kg of hydrophilic epoxy resin binder are selected. The mixture is uniformly mixed to form a sand ball having a diameter of l-2 cm, and a pore of 150-300 um is formed between the adjacent natural sand particles for use;
  • the sand planting structure described in this embodiment includes a planting container 1 and a porous layer laid in the planting container. Description
  • the porous planting sand and the nutrient planting sand are the same as the planting sand described in Embodiment 1, and the porous planting sand and the nutrient planting sand are uniformly mixed and then uniformly laid and planted in a container, and the method
  • the planting container is the same as the structure and material of the potted container described in Example 3 of Chinese Patent No. CN202043482U.
  • the nutrient solution involved in the embodiment is the same as the nutrient solution prepared in the step (3) in the first embodiment, and the planting plant and the planting plant cabbage seedlings described in the embodiment 1 are transplanted seedlings at the same time.
  • the cabbage seedlings are planted in the planting container of the sand planting structure described in this embodiment, and the prepared nutrient solution is poured to observe the growth condition.
  • the nutrients, porous planting sand and nutrient planting sand used in this embodiment, as well as the laying method and cabbage seedlings, are the same as in the first embodiment, except that the seedlings are planted in an impervious container having no water-permeable holes at the bottom, and Observe its growth.
  • the sand planting structure described in this embodiment includes a planting container and a porous planting sand and nutrient planting sand laid in the planting container.
  • the porous planting sand and the nutrient planting sand and the planting container are the same as the planting sand described in Embodiment 1, and the porous planting sand and the nutrient planting sand are respectively laid as porous planting sand during laying.
  • Layer 3 and nutrient-growing sand layer 4 and the two are laid in a layered manner, and the thickness of both is the same, and the thickness is l-5 cm.
  • the nutrient solution involved in the present embodiment is the same as the nutrient solution prepared in the step (3) in the first embodiment, and the planting plant and the planting plant cabbage seedlings described in the first embodiment are transplanted seedlings at the same time.
  • the cabbage seedlings are planted in the planting container of the sand planting structure described in this embodiment, and the prepared nutrient solution is poured to observe the growth condition.
  • the planting sand described in this embodiment is for planting a fruit plant that requires a large amount of phosphate fertilizer, such as tomatoes and potatoes.
  • the porous planting sand according to the embodiment is a porous structure sand ball which is formed by bonding natural sand particles having a particle diameter of 40-70 and a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin and a hydrophilic polyurethane resin.
  • the diameter of the sand is 0.1-lcm, and pores of 50-150 ⁇ m are formed between the adjacent natural sand grains.
  • the porous planting sand described in this embodiment is prepared by the following method: sieving natural sand particles, selecting 100Kg of natural sand particles of 40-70 mesh size, 8Kg of hydroxyl-containing acrylic resin and hydrophilic
  • the polyurethane resin 12Kg is uniformly mixed to form a sand ball having a diameter of 0.1-lcm, and a pore of 50-150 ⁇ m is formed between the adjacent natural sand particles for use.
  • the nutrient planting sand includes the porous sand ball prepared above and a nutrient film coated on the surface of the porous sand ball, and the nutrient film is loaded with a nutrient solution suitable for the growth of the fruit plant.
  • Porous and outer surfaces of porous sand balls Description
  • the thickness of the nutrient film is 100-200 ⁇ .
  • the nutrient planting sand described in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:
  • porous sand balls The natural sand particles are sieved, and 100Kg of natural sand particles of 40-70 mesh size, 8Kg of hydroxyl-containing acrylic resin and 12Kg of hydrophilic polyurethane resin are selected, and uniformly mixed to form a diameter. a 0.1-lcm sand ball, forming a pore of 50-150 ⁇ m between adjacent natural sand particles;
  • the dried film sand balls obtained in the step (3) are naturally air-dried to obtain the desired planting sand, and the residual nutrient solution not forming the film is collected for use.
  • the sand planting structure described in this embodiment includes a planting container 1 and planting sand 2 mixed with porous planting sand and nutrient planting sand laid in the planting container 1.
  • the porous planting sand and the nutrient planting sand are the same as the planting sand described in Embodiment 5, and the porous planting sand and the nutrient planting sand raft are uniformly mixed and then uniformly laid and planted in a container, and
  • the planting container is the same as the structure and material of the potting container described in Example 4 of Chinese Patent No. CN202043482U.
  • the nutrient solution involved in the present embodiment is the same as the nutrient solution prepared in the step (3) in the fifth embodiment, and the planting plant and the planting tomato seedlings described in the embodiment 5 are transplanted seedlings at the same time.
  • the tomato seedlings were planted in the planting container of the sand planting structure described in the present example, and the prepared nutrient solution was poured to observe the growth.
  • the nutrient composition, the porous planting sand and the nutrient planting sand and the laying method, and the tomato seedlings selected in the present embodiment are the same as those in the embodiment 5, except that the seedlings are planted in a watertight container having no water seeing holes at the bottom. And observe its growth.
  • the sand planting structure described in this embodiment includes a planting container and a porous species laid in the planting container. Description
  • the porous planting sand and the nutrient planting sand and the planting container are the same as the planting sand described in Embodiment 5, and the porous planting sand and the nutrient planting sand are respectively laid as porous planting sand during laying.
  • Layer 3 and nutrient-growing sand layer 4, and the two are laid in a layered manner, and the thickness of both is the same, and the thickness is l-5 cm.
  • the nutrient solution involved in the present embodiment is the same as the nutrient solution prepared in the step (3) in the fifth embodiment, and the planting plant and the planting tomato seedlings described in the embodiment 5 are transplanted seedlings at the same time.
  • the tomato seedlings were planted in the planting container of the sand planting structure described in the present example, and the prepared nutrient solution was poured to observe the growth.
  • the common flowerpot and the common planting soil in the prior art are used as the planting medium, and the nutrient solution involved in preparing the nutrient planting sand in Example 1 is prepared, and the planting plant is also in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
  • the cabbage seedlings are seedlings transplanted at the same time.
  • the cabbage seedlings were planted in the soil, and the prepared nutrient solution was poured and observed to collect the components exuded from the bottom of the flowerpot.
  • the present comparative example uses the common flower pots and common planting soils in the prior art as the planting medium, and prepares the nutrient solution involved in the preparation of the nutrient planting sand in Example 5, and the planting plants are also the same as in the second embodiment.
  • the tomato seedlings are seedlings transplanted at the same time.
  • the tomato seedlings were planted in the soil, and the prepared nutrient solution was poured and observed while collecting the components exuded from the bottom of the flowerpot.
  • the sample was examined by ion chromatography to determine the residual phosphorus content in the container. At the same time, the growth of the plant seedlings in each container was measured. At the same time, the residual components of the liquid outside the oozing flowerpot collected in each example were examined. table. No. Phosphorus content in the container (g/L) Phosphorus content of exudation component (g/L) Plant fruit height (cm)
  • Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and Examples 5 and 2 From the data of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and Examples 5 and 2, it can be seen that the mixed planting sand used in the present invention when planted using the same existing perforated planting container Compared with the existing soil planting, the nutrient-fixing performance of the nutrient planting sand is quite improved, and the plant growth condition is also slightly better. It proves that the porous planting sand and nutrient planting sand of the present invention have the same for planting and maintaining fertilizer. The ability to at least correspond to the soil is conducive to plant growth; from the comparative data in Example 2 and Example 3 and in Examples 5 and 6, it can be seen that there is no loss of the fertilizer in the impervious container as the planting.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)

Abstract

一种含有可直接用于种植的保水、保肥的多孔种植砂和营养种植砂的复合型砂种植结构。所述复合型砂种植结构,包括种植容器以及铺设于所述种植容器内的多孔种植砂和营养种植砂;所述多孔种植砂为由天然沙粒与至少包含有亲水性粘结剂的粘结剂粘结而成的多孔结构的砂球,相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成适宜吸附的孔隙;所述营养种植砂包括所述多孔种植砂以及包覆于所述多孔种植砂表面的营养膜。该砂种植结构利用所述多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂的保水保肥性能,辅以透气性的种植容器有利于减少肥料的流失,并利于植物的生长。

Description

说 明 书
一种复合型砂种植结构 技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于砂种楦领域, 具体涉及一种利用可直接用于种植的保水、 保肥的多孔种 植砂和营养种植砂以及防身透气的种植容器的复合型砂种植结构。
背景技术
[0002] 沙漠化现象是一种自然现象, 是由于地球干燥带移动所产生的气候变化导致局部地 区沙漠化。 而且, 随着全球气候的日益恶劣及人口快速增长带来的土地被过度开发及耕种、 畜牧, 导致全球沙漠化进程越来越快, 可种植耕地日益减少, 农牧生产能力持续下降。 尤其 对于我国这样一个地少人多的国家而言, 日益发展的沙漠化进程导致农用及可种植土壤的减 少而带来的负面影响是致命的。
[0003] 农用及可种植土壤的日益减少, 直接导致粮食及农作物产量下降, 这主要是由于目 前的农粮产品及蔬果种植业中, 主要依靠的是土壤的粘附里及凝聚保水、 保肥能力, 将施加 至种植物的水分及肥料保持并发挥效用,而沙漠化后的天然沙粒则因为表面较为光滑以及沙 粒彼此之间的粘附能力较差而使得其不具有保水、 保肥的能力, 而无法用于种植之用。
[0004] 目前, 农学家们对于日益沙漠化的治理, 除了一直致力于开发沙漠种植、 集中于在 沙漠中进行防渗或防风处理、 减弱沙土迁移、 提升沙漠成活率外, 也致力于开发一些可应用 于日常农业种植的有保水、 保肥功能的种植沙子, 以期待一方面可以改善农用土壤日益减少 带来的困境, 同时也有助于提高日益积聚的沙子的利用效率。
[0005] 中国专利 CN102159667A 公开了一种沙子凝聚体, 所述沙子凝聚体包括由有机废弃 物或副产品粉末以及土壤微生物混合后, 并与沙子混合使得土壤微生物接种到沙子上, 利用 供给的水分使得土壤微生物繁殖, 利用其菌丝使有机废弃物或副产品粉末与沙子凝聚。 该发 明所述的沙子凝聚体在适当对混有土壤微生物的有机废弃物粉末和沙子进行混合的状态下供 给水分来进行凝聚时, 不仅能够防止随风扬沙的现象, 还能够供给养分, 从而可以对沙地进 行草原化或在沙地栽培各种庄稼和树木。 混在沙子中的有机废弃物粉末可以起到基肥的作用 而促进植物根系的生长, 该专利所述的沙子凝聚体在种植用时也可以外加肥料从而使沙地持 续保肥。
[0006] 但该发明中对于沙子的处理, 采用的是一般的简单混合处理, 直接将有机废弃物或 副产品粉末以及土壤微生物混合并接种至沙子上, 在有微生物存在下利用微生物的凝聚作用 可以实现沙子之间的粘附力, 减少因风沙流动导致的沙土流失, 该发明所述的沙子凝聚体更 说 明 书
多的是应用于沙漠种植中防止流失所釆用的措施, 而对于日常种植之用时需要的保水保肥的 性能, 微生物之间的粘附力则并不适用, 而且所述沙子并未经过任何预处理, 其光滑的外表 面能否适用于微生物接种吸附以及吸附能力如何也有待商榷, 因此该沙子凝聚体并不适用于 日常种植中以沙子为主要种植体的种植之用, 因此, 对于大规模的推广沙子种植技术仍有很 大的局限性。
发明内容
[0007] 为此, 本发明所要解决的技术问题在于现有技术中天然沙粒不适用于日常种植技术 的问题, 进而提供一种含有利于保水、 保肥、 可适用于日常种植之用的多孔种植砂和营养种 植砂的复合型砂种植结构。
[0008] 为了解决上述问题, 本发明所述的复合型砂种植结构, 包括种植容器以及铺设于所 述种植容器内的多孔种植砂和营养种植砂;
所述多孔种植砂为由天然沙粒与至少包含有亲水性粘结剂的粘结剂粘结而成的具有多孔结构 的砂球, 相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成适宜吸附的孔隙,
所述营养种植砂包括所述多孔种植砂以及包覆于所述多孔种植砂表面的营养膜; 所述的粘结剂既可以全部是亲水性粘结剂也可以部分是亲水型粘结剂, 除亲水性粘结剂外的 其他粘结剂优选树脂型粘结剂;
所述种植容器由防水透气颗粒与憎水性粘结剂粘结而成, 相邻所述防水透气颗粒之间形成气 体分子可以透过但液态水分子不能透过的孔隙。
[0009] 所述孔隙的孔径为 0.001-0.3 mm, 优选 0.01-0.2 mm。 所述种植容器的结构及制备方 法与材料选择同中国专利 CN202043482U中所公开的盆栽容器的结构、 方法以及材料。
[0010] 所述防水透气颗粒包括骨料颗粒和包覆在所述骨料颗粒上的的疏水性物质。
[0011] 所述疏水性物质为骨料颗粒的 l-8wt%。
[0012] 所述骨料为石英砂、 矿渣、 陶粒或玻璃微珠中的一种或其中几种的混合物; 所述骨 料的粒径为 0.04-0.85 mm。
[0013] 所述的疏水性物质为包覆在所述骨料颗粒上的疏水性树脂膜, 所述疏水性树脂膜为 由疏水性环氧树脂、 酚醛树脂、 聚氨酯树脂及硅树脂中的一种或多种形成的膜。
[0014] 所述憎水粘结剂为含氟环氧树脂粘结剂、 含硅环氧树脂粘结剂、 有机硅粘结剂、 聚 氨脂、 聚脂树脂及酚醛树脂中的一种或其中几种的混合物。
[0015] 所述疏水性物质为疏水性树脂膜, 所述疏水性树脂膜为由疏水性环氧树脂、 酚醛树 脂、 聚氨酯树脂及硅树脂中的一种或多种形成的膜。 较佳地, 所述疏水性环氧树脂为缩水甘 说 明 书
油醚类环氧树脂、 缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂、 缩水甘油胺类环氧树脂、 线型脂肪族类环氧树 脂、 脂环族类环氧树脂、 聚硫橡胶改性环氧树脂、 聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、 聚乙烯醇叔丁 醛改性环氧树脂、 丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂、 酚醛树脂改性环氧树脂、 聚酯树脂改性环氧树 脂、 尿醛三聚氰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、 糠醛树脂改性环氧树脂、 乙烯树脂改性环氧树脂、 异 氰酸酯改性环氧树脂或硅树脂改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种; 所述疏水性酚醛树脂为二甲苯 改性酚醛树脂、 环氧树脂改性酚醛树脂或有机硅改性酚醛树脂中的一种或多种。
[0016] 并且, 如以上所述的疏水性树脂可以通过如下的方法改性而获得, 具体改性方法 为- 将环氧树脂, 如邻苯二甲酸酐或马来酸酐, 与油溶性的单体共聚, 所述油溶性的单体为: 丙 烯酸垸基酯, 甲基丙烯酸垸基酯, 乙基丙烯酸、 醋酸乙烯酯、 乙酸烯丙酯、 乙烯基磺酸钠、 甲基乙烯基醚、 甲基烯丙基醚、 甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯、 丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯、 丙烯酸二 甲氨基丙酯、 丙烯酸二乙氨基丙酯、 丙烯酸二甲氨基丁酯、 甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯、 甲基 丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯中的任一种。
[0017] 或者, 也可以将环氧树脂接枝改性, 形成接枝聚合物; 将环氧树脂的亲水性基团, 如羟基, 与疏水的功能单体发生反应, 将其接起来; 疏水性的功能单体为: 苯甲醛, 烷基苯 甲醛 (一大类), 利用羟基与醛基的反应。
[0018] 或者, 也可以将环氧树脂进行取代反应, 在光照的催化反应下, 用氯气参与取代反 应, 将卤素接到环氧树脂上面, 以改善疏水性能。
[0019] 另外, 所述疏水性树脂膜中可以加入有固化剂, 并且, 对于不同的树脂加入不同的 固化剂, 其中, 固化剂的选择具体如下:
对于缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂、 缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂、 缩水甘油胺类环氧树脂、 线型脂肪 族类环氧树脂、 脂环族类环氧树脂、 聚硫橡胶改性环氧树脂、 聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、 聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂、 丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂、 酚醛树脂改性环氧树脂、 聚酯树脂 改性环氧树脂、 尿醛三聚氰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、 糠醛树脂改性环氧树脂、 乙烯树脂改性环 氧树脂、 异氰酸酯改性环氧树脂或硅树脂改性环氧树脂, 较佳的固化剂为脂肪胺、 脂环胺、 芳香胺、 聚酰胺、 酸酐、 叔胺中的任一种或几种;
对于二甲苯改性酚醛树脂、 环氧树脂改性酚醛树脂或有机硅改性酚醛树脂, 较佳的固化剂为 六次甲基四胺;
对于有机硅树脂而言, 较佳的固化剂为二丁基二月桂酸锡或 N, N, Ν', N'—四甲基胍盐中 的任一种或几种; 说 明 书
对于疏水性聚氨酯树脂, 其固化剂为甲苯二异氰酸酯 TDI 和三甲氧苄胺嘧啶 TMP 的加成 物, TDI和含羟基组份的预聚物及单组份潮气固化剂、 TDI的三聚体。
[0020] 对于不饱和聚酯 (对苯二甲酸与乙二醇的聚合物), 常温时所加入的固化剂为过氧化酮 和环垸酸钴; 加热时所加入的固化剂为过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、 过氧化二碳酸酯、 二烷基过氧 化物、 过氧化辛酸叔己酯和过氧化二碳酸双酯中的一种或几种。
[0021] 并且, 所述的疏水性物质还可以为聚四氟乙烯、 植物油、 硅铜、 硅氧垸、 烃以及共 聚合聚偏氯乙烯中的任意一种或其组合。 较佳地, 所述烃包括石蜡、 煤油、 柴油、 原油、 石 油馏出物、 溶剂油及脂族溶剂中的任意一种或其组合。
[0022] 其中, 所述疏水性物质为涂覆于所述骨料颗粒上, 并且将所述疏水性物质涂覆于所 述骨料颗粒上的方法为喷雾、 浸渍或浸泡骨料颗粒于疏水性物质的液体溶液中以化学涂覆骨 料颗粒; 或者为应用疏水性物质的薄膜片材涂覆到骨料颗粒中; 或者为将加热的骨料颗粒放 置于疏水性物质中, 熔融疏水性物质到骨料颗粒; 或者为电镀、 等离子喷涂、 溅射、 流化及 粉末涂覆的方式将疏水性物质涂覆到骨料颗粒上。
[0023] 本发明同时公开一种制备所述种植容器的方法, 包括以下步骤:
a. 将骨料颗粒与憎水粘结剂混合后倒入搅拌机搅拌均匀;
b. 将包覆憎水粘结剂的骨料颗粒倒入盆栽成型模具;
c 固化成型脱模即可得到所述种植容器。
[0024] 优选地, 所述的骨料颗粒包覆有疏水性物质。
[0025] 所述步骤 c所述的固化成型的条件是在 5-12CTC放置 1-48小时, 优选为在常温下放置 2-4小时。
[0026] 所述多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂混合均匀并铺设于所述种植容器内。
[0027] 所述多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂分别铺设形成多孔种植砂层和营养种植砂层, 并 间隔铺设。
[0028] 所述多孔种植砂层和所述营养种植砂层的厚度为 l-5cm。
[0029] 所述多孔种植砂层和所述营养种植砂层的厚度相同。
[0030] 所述天然沙粒为粒径相同或相近似的沙粒。
[0031] 所述天然沙粒的粒径为 40-70目。
[0032] 相邻所述天然沙粒之间的孔隙为 50-300 u m。
[0033] 所述砂球的直径为 0.1-2cm。
[0034] 所述粘结剂占所述天然沙粒的重量份数的 20-30%。 说 明 书
[0035] 所述亲水性粘结剂占粘结剂总量的 30-60%。
[0036] 所述亲水性粘结剂为亲水性树脂粘结剂。
[0037] 所述亲水性树脂粘结剂为侧链含有亲水性羧酸盐、 磺酸盐、 铵盐、 羟基或主链含有 非离子型亲水链段的环氧树脂、 聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂中的一种或几种。
[0038] 具体的, 所述亲水性粘结剂的选择可以参照中国专利文献 CN1966861A 中所公开的 内容进行选择。
[0039] 所述营养膜为适宜目标种植植物生长的营养液负载于所述多孔砂球的孔隙中及外表 面而形成的膜。
[0040] 所述营养膜的厚度为 10-200 m。
[0041] 所述目标种植植物包括以茎叶和根系作为果实的植物。
[0042] 本发明还公开了所述多孔种植砂的制备步骤: 将天然沙粒筛分后选择合适粒径的天 然沙粒与选定的粘结剂进行混合均勾使二者充分接触并形成砂球, 相邻砂粒之间形成适宜微 生物菌株及有益肥料吸附的孔隙。
[0043] 本发明还公开了所述营养种植砂的制备步骤:
( 1 ) 制备多孔砂球: 将天然沙粒筛分后选择合适粒径的天然沙粒与选定的粘结剂进行混合 均匀使二者充分接触并粘结形成砂球, 相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成适宜吸附的孔隙;
(2) 配制营养液: 按照目标种植植物的生长需要配制适宜目标种植植物生长需要的营养液 组份;
(3 ) 营养成分负载: 将步骤 (1 ) 中得到的多孔砂球浸入步骤 (2) 中配制的营养液中富集 培养, 得到挂膜砂球;
(4) 将歩骤 (3) 中得到的所述挂膜砂球干燥、 并过筛即得所需的种植砂。
[0044] 所述步骤 (2) 中, 所述负载砂球与所述营养液的重量体积比为 10-30g/L。
[0045] 本发明所述的上述技术方案相比现有技术具有以下优点:
1、 本发明所述的多孔种植砂利用现有天然沙子经过亲水性粘结剂的粘结完成造孔操作, 使 得相邻天然沙粒之间形成的 50-300 u m的孔隙, 适用且有助于外界有益成分负载于砂球表面 的孔隙内, 利用砂球的多孔性能有效保持营养肥料, 可以将种植过程中外界施加的营养成分 等肥料负载于沙粒之间形成的孔隙内, 进而起到防止肥料隨水分流失而损失的情况, 有助于 增大肥料的利用率;
2、 本发明所述的营养种植砂利用现有天然沙子经过亲水性粘结剂的粘结完成造孔操作, 使 得相邻天然沙粒之间形成的 50-300 μ ηι的孔隙, 负载有对植物生长有利的营养成分, 可以直 说 明 书
接作为肥料使用, 也可以作为肥料流失后对植物生长的补给肥料使用, 使得本发明所述的种 植砂进行作物培育, 肥料的保肥时间延长, 有效利用率提高, 保证植物良好生长;
3、 本发明所述的多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂以现有资源中难于保水保肥、 难于种植利用 的天然沙粒进行活化以及造孔处理, 使得其具有负载肥料的能力, 有效缓解肥料随水分的流 失, 使得天然沙粒可以用于日常种植之用, 有助于缓解日益严重的沙漠化导致的可种植土壤 减少带来的农作物种植困难;
4、 本发明所述的种植砂选用粒径相同或相近似的沙粒进行粘结造孔, 有利于得到空隙均匀 的砂球, 使得所述种植砂的营养成分均匀分布, 有利于植物生长;
5、 选用亲水性树脂粘结剂对所述天然沙粒进行造孔处理, 有益于营养成分的渗入及吸附性 能;
6、 筛选得到所述粘结剂占所述天然沙粒的 20-30%, 使得经过粘结剂粘结后天然沙粒之间形 成的孔隙可以达到 50-300 μ m, 适宜于外加肥料的负载以避免其流失;
7、 本发明所述的营养种植砂以膜状包覆于砂球表面, 保存方便, 且无液态肥料在使用过程 中的污染及异味麻烦, 尤为适用于家庭种植之用;
8、 本发明所述的复合型砂种植结构将所述多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂与具有防水透气性 能的种植容器相配合使用, 利用所述种植容器的防渗透气性能, 一方面避免了常规种植容器 肥料随水分从底部孔洞流失的问题, 使得所述种植结构的保肥性能更加优越, 同时也利用了 种植容器良好的透气性能保证植物生长的通气需求;
9、 本发明所述的砂种植结构将所述多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂采用隔层铺设的方式, 利 用多孔种植砂的孔隙排列进行有效负载, 配合营养种植砂的负载肥料, 使得所述砂种植结构 的保肥性能得到进一歩提升;
10、 本发明所述的砂种植结构中的所述多孔种植砂层和所述营养种植砂层优选厚度为 1- 5cm, 并优选二者厚度相同, 对所述砂种植结构的保肥性能有所提高, 且有助于植物的良性 生长。
附图说明
[0046] 为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚的理解, 下面根据本发明的具体实施例并结合附 图, 对本发明作进一步详细的说明, 其中
图 1 为本发明所述砂种植结构的结构示意图;
图 2为本发明另一种所述砂种植结构的示意图;
图中附图标记表示为: 1-种植容器, 2-种植砂, 3-多孔种植砂层, 4-营养种植砂层。 说 明 书
具体实施方式
[0047] 实施例 1
本实施例所述的砂种植结构针对于叶类植物种植之用。
[0048] 本实施例所述的多孔种植砂为由粒径为 70-100 目的天然沙粒与氢化双酚 A型环氧树 脂和亲水性环氧树脂粘结而成的多孔结构的砂球, 所述种植砂的直径为 l-2cm, 相邻所述天 然沙粒之间形成 150-300 μ m的孔隙。
[0049] 本实施例所述的多孔种植砂是由如下方法制备得到的: 将天然沙粒进行筛分, 选取 70-100目粒径的沙粒 100Kg, 氢化双酚 A型环氧树脂 21Kg和亲水性环氧树脂粘结剂 9Kg, 混合均匀实现粘结形成直径为 l-2cm的砂球, 相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成 150-300 μ ηι的孔 隙备用。
[0050] 本实施例所述的营养种植砂包括多孔砂球和包覆于所述多孔砂球表面的营养膜, 所 述营养膜为适宜叶类植物生长的营养液负载于所述多孔砂球的孔隙中及外表面而形成的膜, 所述营养膜的厚度为 10-200 μ ηι。
[0051] 本实施例所述的营养种植砂是由如下方法制备得到的:
( 1 ) 制备多孔砂球: 将天然沙粒进行筛分, 选取 70-100 目粒径的沙粒 100Kg, 氢化双酚 A 型环氧树脂 21Kg和亲水性环氧树脂粘结剂 9Kg, 混合均匀实现粘结形成直径为 l-2cm的砂 球, 相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成 150-300 u m的孔隙备用;
(2) 配制营养液: 取 KH2P04 0.2g、 K2HP04 0.8g, MgS04.7H20 0.2g, CaS04.2H20 O.lg, Na2Mo04.2H20微量, 以及酵母膏 0.5g, 甘露醇 20g, FeCl3 微量, 琼脂 15g, 溶于 1000ml 蒸馏水中, 调 pH7.2, 高温灭菌 30min, 即得适宜叶类植物种植之用的营养液组份;
(3) 营养成分负载: 取 10g 歩骤 (1 ) 中得到的多孔砂球浸入歩骤 (2) 中配制的营养液中 富集培养, 得到挂膜砂球;
(4) 将歩骤 (3) 中得到的所述挂膜砂球自然风干即得所需的种植砂, 同时收集未形成挂膜 的残余营养液备用。
[0052] 取现有技术中普通的底部含有渗水孔的花盆, 内部铺设有本实施例制备得到的多孔 种植砂和营养种植砂, 栽种白菜幼苗, 并将制备所述营养种植砂时步骤 (5) 中收集到的未 形成挂膜的残余营养液浇灌至花盆内供植物生长, 并随时观察植物生长情况同时收集花盆底 部渗出的成分。
[0053] 实施例 2
如图 1所示, 本实施例所述的砂种植结构包括种植容器 1以及铺设于所述种植容器内的多孔 说 明 书
种植砂和营养种植砂的混合种植砂 2。 所述多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂同实施例 1 中所述 的种植砂, 且所述多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂采用均匀混合后统一铺设与种植容器内的方 式, 而所述种植容器同中国专利 CN202043482U 中实施例 3 中所述的盆栽容器的结构及材 料。
[0054] 本实施例中所涉及的营养液与实施例 1 中步骤 (3) 中配制的所述营养液相同, 所述 种植植物与实施例 1中所述种植植物白菜幼苗为同期移植的幼苗, 将白菜幼苗栽种于本实施 例所述的砂种植结构的种植容器中, 并浇灌配制的营养液观察生长情况。
[0055] 实施例 3
本实施例选用的营养成分、 多孔种植砂和营养种植砂以及铺设方式、 白菜幼苗与实施例 1中 相同, 其区别仅在于采用底部不设有渗水孔的不透水的容器栽种所述幼苗, 并观察其生长情 况。
[0056] 实施例 4
如图 2所示, 本实施例所述的砂种植结构包括种植容器以及铺设于所述种植容器内的多孔种 植砂和营养种植砂。 所述多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂以及所述种植容器均同实施例 1中所 述的种植砂, 且在铺设时分别将所述多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂铺设为多孔种植砂层 3和 营养种植砂层 4, 且二者采用隔层设置铺设的方式, 且二者厚度相同, 厚度为 l-5cm。
[0057] 本实施例中所涉及的营养液与实施例 1 中步骤 (3) 中配制的所述营养液相同, 所述 种植植物与实施例 1中所述种植植物白菜幼苗为同期移植的幼苗, 将白菜幼苗栽种于本实施 例所述的砂种植结构的种植容器中, 并浇灌配制的营养液观察生长情况。
[0058] 实施例 5
本实施例所述的种植砂针对于西红柿、 马铃薯等需要大量磷肥的果实类植物种植之用。
[0059] 本实施例所述的多孔种植砂为由粒径为 40-70 目的天然沙粒与含羟基的丙烯酸树脂和 亲水性聚氨酯树脂粘结而成的多孔结构的砂球, 所述种植砂的直径为 0.1-lcm, 相邻所述天 然沙粒之间形成 50-150 μ m的孔隙。
[0060] 本实施例所述的多孔种植砂是由如下方法制备得到的: 将天然沙粒进行筛分, 选取 40-70 目粒径的天然沙粒 100Kg, 含羟基的丙烯酸树脂 8Kg和亲水性聚氨酯树脂 12Kg, 混 合均匀实现粘结形成直径为 0.1-lcm的砂球, 相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成 50-150 μ m的孔隙 备用。
[0061] 本实施例所述的营养种植砂包括上述制备的多孔砂球和包覆于所述多孔砂球表面的 营养膜, 所述营养膜为适宜果实类植物生长的营养液负载于所述多孔砂球的孔隙中及外表面 说 明 书
而形成的膜, 所述营养膜的厚度 100-200 μ ηι。
[0062] 本实施例所述的营养种植砂是由如下方法制备得到的:
( 1 ) 制备多孔砂球: 将天然沙粒进行筛分, 选取 40-70 目粒径的天然沙粒 100Kg, 含羟基 的丙烯酸树脂 8Kg和亲水性聚氨酯树脂 12Kg, 混合均匀实现粘结形成直径为 0.1-lcm的砂 球, 相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成 50-150 μ m的孔隙备用;
(2) 配制营养液: 取 KH2P04 0.2g、 K2HP04 0.8g, MgS04.7H20 0.2g, CaS04.2H20 O.lg, Na2Mo04.2H20微量, 以及酵母膏 0.5g, 甘露醇 20g, FeCl3 微量, 琼脂 15g, 溶于 1000ml 蒸馏水中, 调 pH7.2, 高温灭菌 30min, 即得适宜于果实类植物种植之用所需要的营养液组 份备用;
(3) 营养成分负载: 取 30g 步骤 (1 ) 中得到的多孔砂球浸入步骤 (2) 中配制的营养液中 富集培养, 得到挂膜砂球;
(4) 将步骤 (3) 中得到的所述挂膜砂球自然风干即得所需的种植砂, 同时收集未形成挂膜 的残余营养液备用。
[0063] 取现有技术中普通的底部含有渗水孔的花盆, 内部铺设有本实施例制备得到的营养 种植砂, 栽种西红柿幼苗, 并将歩骤 (5 ) 中收集到的未形成挂膜的残余营养液浇灌至花盆 内供植物生长, 并随时观察植物生长情况同时收集花盆底部渗出的成分。
[0064] 实施例 6
本实施例所述的砂种植结构包括种植容器 1 以及铺设于所述种植容器 1内的多孔种植砂和营 养种植砂混合的种植砂 2。 所述多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂同实施例 5 中所述的种植砂, 且所述多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂釆用均匀混合后统一铺设与种植容器内的方式, 而所述 种植容器同中国专利 CN202043482U中实施例 4中所述的盆栽容器的结构及材料。
[0065] 本实施例中所涉及的营养液与实施例 5 中步骤 (3) 中配制的所述营养液相同, 所述 种植植物与实施例 5中所述种植植物西红柿幼苗为同期移植的幼苗, 将西红柿幼苗栽种于本 实施例所述的砂种植结构的种植容器中, 并浇灌配制的营养液观察生长情况。
[0066] 实施例 7
本实施例选用的营养成分、 多孔种植砂和营养种植砂以及铺设方式、、 西红柿幼苗与实施例 5 中相同, 其区别仅在于采用底部不设有渗水孔的不透水的容器栽种所述幼苗, 并观察其生 长情况。
[0067] 实施例 8
如图 2所示, 本实施例所述的砂种植结构包括种植容器以及铺设于所述种植容器内的多孔种 说 明 书
植砂和营养种植砂。 所述多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂以及所述种植容器均同实施例 5中所 述的种植砂, 且在铺设时分别将所述多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂铺设为多孔种植砂层 3和 营养种植砂层 4, 且二者采用隔层设置铺设的方式, 且二者厚度相同, 厚度为 l-5cm。
[0068] 本实施例中所涉及的营养液与实施例 5 中步骤 (3) 中配制的所述营养液相同, 所述 种植植物与实施例 5中所述种植植物西红柿幼苗为同期移植的幼苗, 将西红柿幼苗栽种于本 实施例所述的砂种植结构的种植容器中, 并浇灌配制的营养液观察生长情况。
[0069] 对比例 1
本对比例以现有技术中的普通花盆和普通的种植土壤为种植介质, 并配制实施例 1中制备所 述营养种植砂时所涉及的营养液, 所述种植植物也与实施例 1中所述的白菜幼苗为同期移植 的幼苗。 将白菜幼苗栽种于土壤中, 并浇灌所配制的营养液观察同时收集花盆底部渗出的成 分。
[0070] 对比例 2
本对比例以现有技术中的普通花盆和普通的种植土壤为种植介质, 并配制实施例 5中制备所 述营养种植砂时所涉及的营养液, 所述种植植物也与实施例 2中所述的西红柿幼苗为同期移 植的幼苗。 将西红柿幼苗栽种于土壤中, 并浇灌所配制的营养液观察同时收集花盆底部渗出 的成分。
[0071] 培植 15天后, 取实施例 1-4及对比例 1 的种植容器中的土壤样品, 并将其消解为液 态样品, 采用 TOC-TN测定仪检测其内残余的氮含量, 同时测量各个容器中植物幼苗的生长 情况, 同时检测各实施例收集到的渗出花盆外部的液体的残余成分, 对比结果见下表。
Figure imgf000012_0001
态样品, 采用离子色谱测定仪检测其内残余的磷含量, 同时测量各个容器中植物幼苗的生长 情况, 同时检测各实施例收集到的渗出花盆外部的液体的残余成分, 对比结果见下表。 序号 容器内磷含量 (g/L) 渗出成分磷含量 (g/L) 植物果实株高 (cm)
实施例
50.13 9.60 11.5
5
实施例
50.09 0 14
6
实施例 62.22 0 7
7
实施例 43.12 0 17 说 明 书
Figure imgf000013_0001
[0073] 从实施例 1和对比例 1 以及实施例 5和对比例 2的的数据可以看出, 在使用相同的 现有有孔种植容器种植时, 本发明所述的混合使用的多孔种植砂和营养种植砂相对于现有的 土壤种植而言, 其保肥的性能相当甚至有所提高, 植物生长情况也稍好, 证明本发明所述的 多孔种植砂和营养种植砂对于种植保肥具有至少与土壤相当的能力, 有利于植物生长; 从实 施例 2和实施例 3以及实施例 5和实施例 6中的对比数据中可以看出, 在以不透水容器作为 种植之用即肥料无流失时, 使用本发明所述的防水透气的种植容器种植的植物生长性能提升 较多, 同时容器内的肥量消耗也高出很多, 可见透气性能对植物生长的重要性, 说明本发明 所述的具有较好的透气性能的种植容器以及所述的砂种植结构有助于植物的生长; 从实施例 2和实施例 4, 以及实施例 6和实施例 8的数据可以看出, 以多孔种植砂层和营养种植砂层 方式隔层排列铺设的砂种植结构的植物生长性能更好, 肥料的利用效率也更高。
[0074] 显然, 上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例, 而并非对实施方式的限定。 对 于所属领域的普通技术人员来说, 在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变 动。 这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。 而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动 仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种复合型砂种植结构, 其特征在于: 包括种植容器以及铺设于所述种植容器内的多孔 种植砂和营养种植砂;
所述多孔种植砂为由天然沙粒与至少包含有亲水性粘结剂的粘结剂粘结而成的具有多孔结构 的砂球, 相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成适宜吸附的孔隙;
所述营养种植砂包括所述多孔种植砂以及包覆于所述多孔种植砂表面的营养膜; 所述种植容器由防水透气颗粒与憎水性粘结剂粘结而成, 相邻所述防水透气颗粒之间形成气 体分子可以透过但液态水分子不能透过的孔隙。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的复合型砂种植结构, 其特征在于:
所述多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂混合均匀并铺设于所述种植容器内。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的复合型砂种植结构, 其特征在于:
所述多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂分别铺设形成多孔种植砂层和营养种植砂层, 并间隔铺 设。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的复合型砂种植结构, 其特征在于:
所述多孔种植砂层和所述营养种植砂层的厚度为 l-5cm。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的复合型砂种植结构, 其特征在于:
所述多孔种植砂层和所述营养种植砂层的厚度相同。
6. 根据权利要求 1-5任一所述的复合型砂种植结构, 其特征在于:
所述天然沙粒为粒径相同或相近似的沙粒。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的复合型砂种植结构, 其特征在于:
所述天然沙粒的粒径为 40-70目。
8. 根据权利要求 6或 7所述的复合型砂种植结构, 其特征在于:
相邻所述天然沙粒之间的孔隙为 50-300 μ m。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的复合型砂种植结构, 其特征在于:
所述砂球的直径为 0.1-2cm。
10. 根据权利要求 1-9任一所述的复合型砂种植结构, 其特征在于:
所述粘结剂占所述天然沙粒的重量份数的 20-30%。
11. 根据权利要求 10所述的复合型砂种植结构, 其特征在于- 所述亲水性粘结剂占粘结剂总量的 30-60%。
12. 根据权利要求 10或 11所述的复合型砂种植结构, 其特征在于:
所述亲水性粘结剂为亲水性树脂粘结剂。 权 利 要 求 书
13. 根据权利要求 12所述的复合型砂种植结构, 其特征在于:
所述亲水性树脂粘结剂为侧链含有亲水性羧酸盐、 磺酸盐、 铵盐、 羟基或主链含有非离子型 亲水链段的环氧树脂、 聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂中的一种或几种。
14. 根据权利要求 1-13任一所述的复合型砂种植结构, 其特征在于:
所述营养膜为适宜目标种植植物生长的营养液负载于所述多孔砂球的孔隙中及外表面而形成 的膜。
15. 根据权利要求 14所述的复合型砂种植结构, 其特征在于:
所述营养膜的厚度为 10-200 μ ηι。
16. 根据权利要求 14或 15所述的复合型砂种植结构, 其特征在于:
所述目标种植植物包括以茎叶和根系作为果实的植物。
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