WO2013159739A1 - 多孔种植砂、营养种植砂、复合型种植砂及砂种植结构 - Google Patents

多孔种植砂、营养种植砂、复合型种植砂及砂种植结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013159739A1
WO2013159739A1 PCT/CN2013/074828 CN2013074828W WO2013159739A1 WO 2013159739 A1 WO2013159739 A1 WO 2013159739A1 CN 2013074828 W CN2013074828 W CN 2013074828W WO 2013159739 A1 WO2013159739 A1 WO 2013159739A1
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Prior art keywords
sand
planting
nutrient
porous
planting sand
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PCT/CN2013/074828
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
秦升益
陈梅娟
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北京仁创科技集团有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201210127244.7A external-priority patent/CN103168639B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201210127243.2A external-priority patent/CN103168638B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201210127258.9A external-priority patent/CN103168640B/zh
Application filed by 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 filed Critical 北京仁创科技集团有限公司
Publication of WO2013159739A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013159739A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of sand planting, and particularly relates to a porous planting sand, a nutrient planting sand, a compound nutrient planting sand which can be directly used for planting, and a sand planting structure containing the various planting sands. Background technique
  • Desertification is a natural phenomenon caused by climate change caused by the movement of the Earth's dry belt, causing localized desertification. Moreover, with the increasing global climate and rapid population growth, the land is overexploited and cultivated and livestock, resulting in faster and faster desertification, reduced farmland, and continued decline in agricultural and livestock production capacity. Especially for a country with a small population and a small population in China, the negative impact of the growing desertification process leading to the reduction of agricultural and plantable soil is fatal.
  • agronomists are committed to developing desert cultivation, focusing on desert planting, focusing on anti-seepage or wind-proof treatment in the desert, weakening sand migration, and improving desert survival rate. Planting sand with water conservation and fertilizer conservation functions in agriculture, in the hope of improving the dilemma caused by the diminishing agricultural soil, and also helping to improve the utilization efficiency of the increasingly accumulated sand.
  • Chinese patent CN102159667A discloses a sand agglomerate comprising a mixture of organic waste or by-product powder and soil microorganisms, and mixed with sand to inoculate soil microorganisms onto the sand, and the soil microorganisms are propagated by using the supplied water. , using its hyphae to coagulate organic waste or by-product powder with sand.
  • the sand aggregates according to the present invention are supplied with water in a state in which the organic waste powder and the sand mixed with the soil microorganisms are appropriately mixed, it is possible to prevent the phenomenon of sand from being blown up and to supply nutrients.
  • the organic waste powder mixed in the sand can act as a base fertilizer to promote the growth of the roots of the plant.
  • the organic waste or by-product powder and the soil microorganisms are mixed and inoculated onto the sand, and the adhesion between the sands can be achieved by the coagulation of the microorganisms in the presence of microorganisms, and the sand loss caused by the sand flow is reduced, the invention Sand agglomerates are more commonly used in desert planting to prevent loss.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the natural sand particles in the prior art are not suitable for the problems of daily planting techniques, and further provide a porous planting sand which is useful for water retention, fertilizer conservation, and suitable for daily planting. , nutrient planting sand and compound nutrient planting sand.
  • the present invention also provides a preparation method of the above various planting sands.
  • the porous planting sand according to the present invention is a pore formed by the natural sand particles i, adjacent to the natural sand particles, and the suitable microorganisms and the fertilizer.
  • the binder may be either a hydrophilic binder or a hydrophilic binder, and the binder other than the hydrophilic binder is preferably a resin binder.
  • the natural sand particles are sand grains having the same or similar particle diameters.
  • the natural sand particles have a particle size of 40-70 mesh.
  • the pores between adjacent natural sand grains are 50-300 ⁇ m.
  • the 'ball' has a diameter of 0.5-2 cm.
  • the hydrophilic binder accounts for 20-30% by weight of the natural sand.
  • the hydrophilic binder accounts for 30-60% of the total amount of the binder.
  • the hydrophilic binder is a hydrophilic resin binder.
  • the hydrophilic resin binder is an epoxy resin, a polyurethane and an acrylic resin in which a side chain contains a hydrophilic carboxylate, a sulfonate, an ammonium salt, a hydroxyl group or a main chain containing a nonionic hydrophilic segment.
  • a side chain contains a hydrophilic carboxylate, a sulfonate, an ammonium salt, a hydroxyl group or a main chain containing a nonionic hydrophilic segment.
  • the selection of the hydrophilic binder can be selected by referring to the contents disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN1966861A.
  • the invention also discloses a method for preparing the porous planting sand: after sieving natural sand particles, selecting natural sand particles of suitable particle size and mixing with the selected binder to make the two fully contact and form sand.
  • the ball forms a suitable microbial strain and pores adsorbed by beneficial fertilizers between adjacent sand grains.
  • the invention also discloses a sand planting structure, comprising a planting container and the porous planting sand laid in the planting container;
  • the planting container is formed by bonding waterproof permeable particles and a hydrophobic binder, and pores which are permeable to gas molecules but impermeable to liquid water molecules are formed between adjacent waterproof gas permeable particles.
  • the pores have a pore diameter of from 0.001 to 0.3 mm, preferably from 0.01 to 0.2 mm.
  • the structure, preparation method and material selection of the planting container are the same as those of the potting container disclosed in Chinese Patent No. CN202043482U.
  • the waterproof gas permeable particles comprise aggregate particles and a hydrophobic substance coated on the aggregate particles.
  • the hydrophobic substance is from 1 to 8% by weight of the aggregate particles.
  • the aggregate is one or a mixture of quartz sand, slag, ceramsite or glass microspheres; the aggregate has a particle size of 0.04 - 0.85 mm.
  • the hydrophobic substance is a hydrophobic resin film coated on the aggregate particles, and the hydrophobic resin film is one or more of a hydrophobic epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a polyurethane resin, and a silicone resin. a formed film.
  • the hydrophobic binder is one or a combination of a fluorine-containing epoxy resin binder, a silicon-containing epoxy resin binder, a silicone binder, a polyurethane, a polyester resin, and a phenol resin. of Mixture.
  • the hydrophobic substance is a hydrophobic resin film which is a film formed of one or more of a hydrophobic epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a urethane resin, and a silicone resin.
  • the hydrophobic epoxy resin is a glycidyl ether epoxy resin, a glycidyl ester epoxy resin, a glycidylamine epoxy resin, a linear aliphatic epoxy resin, an alicyclic ring.
  • Oxygen resin polysulfide rubber modified epoxy resin, polyamide resin modified epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol tert-butylaldehyde modified epoxy resin, nitrile rubber modified epoxy resin, phenolic resin modified epoxy resin, Polyester resin modified epoxy resin, urethane aldehyde melamine resin modified epoxy resin, oxime resin modified epoxy resin, vinyl resin modified epoxy resin, isocyanate modified epoxy resin or silicone resin modified epoxy resin
  • One or more of the hydrophobic phenol resins one or more of a diphenylbenzene-modified phenol resin, an epoxy resin-modified phenol resin, or a silicone-modified phenol resin.
  • hydrophobic resin as described above can be obtained by the following modification, and the specific modification method is:
  • An epoxy resin such as phthalic anhydride or maleic anhydride, is copolymerized with an oil-soluble monomer: an alkyl acrylate, an alkyl methacrylate, an ethacrylic acid, an acetic acid Vinyl ester, allyl acetate, sodium vinyltrimenate, mercaptoethyl ether, mercapto allyl ether, dinonylaminoethyl methacrylate, dinonylaminoethyl acrylate, diammonium propyl acrylate Any one of diethylaminopropyl acrylate, dibutylaminobutyl acrylate, dinonylaminoethyl methacrylate, and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
  • the epoxy resin may be graft-modified to form a graft polymer; a hydrophilic group of the epoxy resin, such as a hydroxyl group, is reacted with a hydrophobic functional monomer to form a hydrophobic polymer;
  • the functional monomers are: phenylfurfural, alkyl benzofural (a large class), which utilizes the reaction of a hydroxyl group with an aldehyde group.
  • the epoxy resin may be subjected to a substitution reaction, and under a catalytic reaction of light, chlorine is used to participate in the substitution reaction, and a halogen is attached to the epoxy resin to improve hydrophobic properties.
  • a curing agent may be added to the hydrophobic resin film, and different curing agents may be added to different resins, wherein the curing agent is selected as follows:
  • glycidyl ether epoxy resin glycidyl ester epoxy resin, glycidylamine epoxy resin, linear aliphatic epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, polysulfide rubber modified epoxy resin , polyamide resin modified epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol tert-butyraldehyde modified epoxy resin, nitrile rubber modified epoxy resin, phenol resin modified epoxy resin, polyester resin modified epoxy resin, urine aldehyde Melamine resin modified epoxy resin, oxime resin modified epoxy resin, vinyl resin modified epoxy resin, isocyanate modified epoxy resin or silicone resin
  • the epoxy resin preferably a curing agent is any one or more of a fatty amine, an alicyclic amine, an aromatic amine, a polyamide, an acid anhydride, and a tertiary amine;
  • a preferred curing agent is hexamethylenetetramine
  • a preferred curing agent is any one or more of dibutyl dilaurate or N, N, ⁇ ', N'-tetradecyl sulfonium salt;
  • the curing agent is an adduct of terpene diisocyanate TDI and trioxobenzylpyrimidine, TDI and hydroxyl group-containing prepolymer and one-component moisture curing agent, TDI trimer body.
  • the curing agent added at room temperature is ketone peroxide and cobalt naphthenate; the curing agent added during heating is benzoic acid benzoate
  • ketone peroxide and cobalt naphthenate the curing agent added during heating is benzoic acid benzoate
  • benzoic acid benzoate One or more of tert-butyl ester, peroxydicarbonate, dialkyl peroxide, t-hexyl peroxyoctanoate and diester peroxide.
  • the hydrophobic substance may also be any one or a combination of polytetrafluoroethylene, vegetable oil, silicon copper, siloxane, hydrocarbon, and copolymerized polyvinylidene chloride.
  • the hydrocarbon comprises any one or a combination of paraffin, kerosene, diesel, crude oil, petroleum distillate, mineral spirits, and an aliphatic solvent.
  • the hydrophobic substance is coated on the aggregate particles, and the method of applying the hydrophobic substance to the aggregate particles is spraying, impregnating or soaking aggregate particles on a hydrophobic substance. Chemically coating the aggregate particles in the liquid solution; or coating the film sheet with the hydrophobic material into the aggregate particles; or placing the heated aggregate particles in the hydrophobic material, melting the hydrophobic material to the bone The particles are coated; or the hydrophobic material is applied to the aggregate particles by electroplating, plasma spraying, sputtering, fluidization, and powder coating.
  • the invention also discloses a method for preparing the planting container, comprising the following steps: a. mixing the aggregate granules with the hydrophobic binder, pouring into a mixer to stir evenly; b. coating the bone of the hydrophobic binder Pour the pellet into a potting mold;
  • the curing container is demolded to obtain the planting container.
  • the aggregate particles are coated with a hydrophobic substance.
  • the curing molding conditions described in the step c are carried out at 5-120 ° C for 1-48 hours, preferably at room temperature for 2-4 hours.
  • the present invention also provides a nutrient planting sand comprising the porous planting sand and a nutrient film coated on the surface of the porous planting sand.
  • the nutrient film is a film formed by loading a nutrient solution suitable for the growth of the target plant on the pores and the outer surface of the porous planting sand.
  • the nutrient film has a thickness of 10-200 um.
  • the target planting plant includes a plant having stems and leaves and roots as fruits.
  • the invention also discloses a method for preparing the above-mentioned nutrient planting sand, comprising the following steps:
  • Formulating nutrient solution According to the growth requirements of the target plant, formulate suitable targets to grow the nutrient solution components needed for plant growth;
  • step (3) nutrient loading: the porous planting sand obtained in step (1) is immersed in the nutrient solution prepared in step (2) to be enriched and cultured to obtain a film-coated sand ball;
  • the weight-to-volume ratio of the loaded sand ball to the nutrient solution is 10-30 g/L.
  • the invention also discloses a sand planting structure, comprising a planting container and the nutrient planting sand laid in the planting container;
  • the planting container is formed by bonding waterproof permeable particles and a hydrophobic binder, and pores which are permeable to gas molecules but impermeable to liquid water molecules are formed between adjacent waterproof gas permeable particles.
  • the structure and properties of the planting container are the same as those of the planting structure in the sand planting structure containing the porous planting sand described above.
  • the present invention provides a composite nutrient planting sand comprising the porous planting sand and a microbial membrane and a nutrient film which are sequentially coated on the surface of the porous planting sand from the inside to the outside.
  • the microbial membrane is a membrane formed by loading a microbial strain suitable for plant growth on a pore and an outer surface of the porous planting sand.
  • the microbial species include nitrogen-fixing bacteria and polyphosphate bacteria.
  • the nutrient film is loaded on the porous body with a nutrient solution suitable for planting plant growth
  • a film formed by planting the pores in the pores and on the outer surface.
  • the nutrient film has a thickness of 10-200 um.
  • the target planting plant includes a plant having stems and leaves and roots as fruits.
  • the invention also discloses a method for preparing the above composite nutrient planting sand, comprising the following steps:
  • step (2) microbial membrane load: the porous planting sand obtained in step (1) and the microbial strain suitable for the growth of the target plant are uniformly mixed to make the two fully contact, and the microorganism is loaded on the surface of the sand ball to form a microbial strain.
  • the film is loaded with a sand ball;
  • Preparing nutrient solution According to the growth requirements of the target plant, formulate suitable targets to grow the nutrient solution components needed for plant growth;
  • step (2) the loaded sand ball obtained in step (2) is immersed in the nutrient solution prepared in step (3) to be enriched and cultured to obtain a film-coated sand ball;
  • the ratio by weight of the porous sand ball to the microbial strain is 50-200:1.
  • the weight-to-volume ratio of the loaded sand ball to the nutrient solution is 10-30 g/L.
  • the present invention also provides a sand planting structure comprising a planting container and the composite nutrient planting sand laid in the planting container;
  • the planting container is formed by bonding waterproof permeable particles and a hydrophobic binder, and pores which are permeable to gas molecules but impermeable to liquid water molecules are formed between adjacent waterproof gas permeable particles.
  • the structure and properties of the planting container are the same as those of the planting structure in the sand planting structure containing the porous planting sand described above.
  • the porous planting sand utilizes the bonding of the existing natural sand through a hydrophilic binder to complete the pore-forming operation, so that the pores of 50-300 ⁇ formed between the adjacent natural sand grains are suitable and helpful.
  • the external beneficial component is loaded in the pores of the surface of the sand ball,
  • the nutrient fertilizer is effectively maintained by the porous property of the sand ball, so that nutrients suitable for plant growth, particularly fertilizers suitable for the growth of the target plant, can be loaded into the pores and the surface through the membrane to form a fertilizer.
  • the planting sand not only provides the necessary fertilizer nutrients for plant growth, but also effectively avoids the loss of fertilizer with water loss, which helps to increase the utilization rate of fertilizer;
  • the planting sand according to the invention adopts the same or similar sand particles for bonding and pore-forming, which is beneficial to obtain sand balls with uniform voids, so that the nutrient composition of the planting sand is evenly distributed, which is beneficial to plant growth;
  • the porous resin is made of a hydrophilic resin binder for pore-forming treatment, which is beneficial to the infiltration and adsorption properties of nutrients;
  • the nutrient planting sand according to the present invention is loaded with nutrients which are beneficial to plant growth, and can be directly used as a fertilizer, or can be used as a supplement fertilizer for plant growth after the fertilizer is lost, so that the planting sand according to the present invention is used for crops. Breeding, fertilizer fertilizer retention time is extended, effective utilization rate is increased, and plants are guaranteed to grow well;
  • the nutrient planting sand according to the present invention is coated on the surface of the sand ball in a film form, and is convenient to store, and has no trouble of pollution and odor during use of the liquid fertilizer, and is particularly suitable for household planting;
  • the composite nutrient planting sand according to the present invention is simultaneously loaded with a microbial strain film and a nutrient film which are beneficial to plant growth, and utilizes the decomposition and fermentation performance of the microbial strain on nutrients, so that the present invention Planting sand for crop cultivation, fertilizer absorption performance is better, fertilizer fertilizer retention time is extended, effective utilization rate is improved, and it is beneficial to plant growth;
  • the microbial membrane loaded on the voids and surfaces of the planting sand utilizing the adhesion between the microorganisms and the adsorption and enrichment of the nutrient solution by the microorganism itself, thereby enhancing the adsorption capacity of the nutrient membrane, and also contributing to The film of nutrient solution helps the camp The load of the nutrient;
  • the porous planting sand, the nutrient planting sand and the composite nutrient planting sand according to the present invention are used in combination with a planting container having waterproof and breathable properties, and the permeation preventing property of the planting container is utilized, thereby avoiding conventional planting on the one hand.
  • the problem that the container fertilizer is lost with water from the bottom hole makes the fertilizer-preserving performance of the planting structure superior, and also utilizes the good ventilation performance of the planting container to ensure the ventilation requirement of plant growth.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a sand planting structure according to the present invention.
  • the planting sand described in this embodiment is for the cultivation of leaf plants.
  • the porous planting sand according to the embodiment is a porous structure sand ball which is bonded by a natural sand particle having a particle diameter of 70-100 and a hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin and a hydrophilic epoxy resin.
  • the planting sand has a diameter of l-2 cm, and pores of 150-300 ⁇ m are formed between the adjacent natural sand grains.
  • the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining planting sand described in this embodiment is prepared by the following method: sieving natural sand particles, selecting sand grain lOOKg of 70-100 mesh size, hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin 21Kg and pro
  • the waterborne epoxy resin binder 9Kg is uniformly mixed to form a sand ball having a diameter of l-2 cm, and a pore of 150-300 ⁇ m is formed between the adjacent natural sand particles for use.
  • Preparation of nutrient solution take KH 2 PO 4 0.2g, K 2 HP0 4 0.8g, MgS0 4 .7H 2 0 0.2g, CaS0 4 .2H 2 0 O.lg, Na 2 Mo0 4 .2H 2 0 trace, and yeast Cream 0.5g, mannitol 20g, FeCl 3 trace, agar 15g, dissolved in 1000ml distilled water, adjusted pH7.2, high Warm sterilization for 30 minutes, which is suitable for the nutrient solution component for leaf planting.
  • the sand planting structure described in this embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment 1-1 except that the porous planting sand is subjected to a nutrient film treatment using the nutrient solution of the embodiment 1-1 to form a nutrient planting sand.
  • the porous planting sand is subjected to a nutrient film treatment using the nutrient solution of the embodiment 1-1 to form a nutrient planting sand.
  • the nutrient planting sand includes porous planting sand and a nutrient film coated on the surface of the porous planting sand, wherein the porous planting sand is a natural sand particle having a particle diameter of 70-100 and a hydrogenated bisphenol A type.
  • the nutrient film is a film formed by loading a nutrient solution suitable for leaf plant growth in the pores and the outer surface of the porous sand ball, and the thickness of the nutrient film is 10-200.
  • Nutritional load 10g of the porous sand ball obtained in the step (1) is immersed in the nutrient solution prepared in the step (2) to be enriched and cultured to obtain a film-coated sand ball;
  • the dried film sand balls obtained in the step (3) are naturally air-dried to obtain the desired seed sand, and the residual nutrient solution not forming the film is collected for use.
  • Example 2-1 Porous planting sand in a container.
  • the porous planting sand is the same as the porous planting sand described in Example 1-1, and the planting container is the same as the structure and material of the potting container described in Example 3 of Chinese Patent No. CN202043482U.
  • the nutrient solution referred to in the present Example was the same as the nutrient solution described in Example 1-1, and the planted plants and the planting plant seedlings described in Example 1 were observed for the nutrient solution prepared by the younger transplanting of the same period.
  • Example 2-2 Nutritional planting sand in a container.
  • the nutrient planting sand is the same as the nutrient seeding sand described in the embodiment 1-2, and the planting container is the same as the structure and material of the potting container described in the embodiment 3 of the Chinese Patent No. CN202043482U.
  • the nutrient solution involved in the present embodiment is the same as the nutrient solution prepared in the step (2) in the embodiment 1-2, and the planting plant and the planting plant cabbage seedlings described in the examples 1-2 are transplanted simultaneously.
  • the cabbage seedlings are planted in the planting container of the sand planting structure described in this embodiment, and the prepared nutrient solution is poured to observe the growth condition.
  • the nutrient components, porous planting sand and cabbage seedlings selected in this example were the same as in Example 1-1 except that the seedlings were planted in an impervious container having no water-permeable holes at the bottom, and the growth was observed.
  • the nutrient components, nutrient planting sand and cabbage seedlings selected in this example were the same as those in Examples 1-2 except that the seedlings were planted in an impervious container having no water-permeable holes at the bottom, and the growth was observed.
  • the planting sand described in this embodiment is intended for planting fruit plants such as tomatoes and potatoes which require a large amount of phosphate fertilizer.
  • the porous planting sand described in this embodiment is a porous structure sand ball composed of natural sand particles having a particle diameter of 40-70 mesh and a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin and a hydrophilic polyurethane resin.
  • the planting sand has a diameter of 0.1-lcm, and pores of 50-150 ⁇ m are formed between the adjacent natural sand grains.
  • the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining planting sand described in this embodiment is prepared by sieving natural sand grains, selecting natural sand grains of 40-70 mesh size 1 OOKg, hydroxyl-containing acrylic resin 8Kg and hydrophilic.
  • the polyurethane resin 12Kg is uniformly mixed to form a sand ball having a diameter of 0.1-lcm, and a pore of 50-150 ⁇ m is formed between adjacent natural sand particles for use.
  • the sand planting structure described in this embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment 4-1 except that the porous planting sand is subjected to a nutrient film treatment using the nutrient solution of the embodiment 4-1 to form a nutrient planting sand.
  • the porous planting sand is subjected to a nutrient film treatment using the nutrient solution of the embodiment 4-1 to form a nutrient planting sand.
  • the planting sand includes porous planting sand and a nutrient film coated on the surface of the porous planting sand, and the porous planting sand is a natural sand particle having a particle diameter of 40-70 mesh and a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin.
  • the nutrient film is a film formed by loading a nutrient solution suitable for growth of a fruit plant on the pores and the outer surface of the porous sand ball, and the thickness of the nutrient film is 100-200.
  • step (3) nutrient loading: 30g of the porous sand ball obtained in step (1) is immersed in the nutrient solution prepared in step (2) to be enriched and cultured to obtain a film-coated sand ball;
  • the dried film sand balls obtained in the step (3) are naturally air-dried to obtain the desired seed sand, and the residual nutrient solution not forming the film is collected for use.
  • the nutrient planting sand prepared in this embodiment is laid inside, the tomato seedlings are planted, and the residual nutrient solution not collected in step (4) is watered. Plants are grown in pots, and the growth of the plants is observed at any time while collecting the components exuded from the bottom of the pots.
  • Example 5-1 Porous planting sand in a container.
  • the porous planting sand is the same as the planting sand described in the embodiment 4-1, and the planting container is the same as the structure and material of the potting container described in the embodiment 4 of the Chinese Patent No. CN202043482U.
  • the nutrient solution referred to in the present embodiment is the same as the nutrient solution described in Example 4-1, and the planting plant and the plant tomato seedlings described in Example 4-1 are transplanted seedlings at the same time.
  • Example 5-2 Nutritional planting sand in a container.
  • the nutrient planting sand is the same as the nutrient seeding sand described in the embodiment 4-2, and the planting container is the same as the structure and material of the potting container described in the embodiment 4 of the Chinese Patent No. CN202043482U.
  • the nutrient solution involved in the present embodiment is the same as the nutrient solution prepared in the step (2) of the embodiment 4-2, and the planting plant and the plant tomato seedlings described in the embodiment 4-2 are transplanted simultaneously. Seedlings, tomato seedlings were planted in the planting container of the sand planting structure described in this example, and the prepared nutrient solution was poured to observe the growth.
  • Example 6-1 Nutrient components, porous planting sand and tomato seedlings selected in this embodiment and examples
  • the nutrient components, nutrient planting sand and tomato seedlings selected in this example were the same as in Example 4-2 except that the seedlings were planted in an impervious container having no water-permeable holes at the bottom, and the growth was observed.
  • the composite nutrient planting sand described in this embodiment is for the cultivation of leaf plants.
  • the composite nutrient planting sand according to the embodiment includes porous planting sand and a microbial membrane and a nutrient film which are sequentially coated on the surface of the porous planting sand from the inside to the outside, and the porous planting sand has a particle size of 70- a 100-mesh natural sand ball and a hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin and a hydrophilic epoxy resin bonded to a porous structure of sand balls having a diameter of 1 to 2 cm adjacent to the natural sand A pore of 150-300 ⁇ m is formed between the grains.
  • the microbial membrane is a membrane formed by the nitrogen-fixing bacteria being supported in the pores and the outer surface of the porous sand sphere.
  • the nutrient film is a nutrient film formed by loading a nutrient solution suitable for leaf plant growth in the pores and the outer surface of the porous sand ball, and the thickness of the nutrient film formed is 10-200.
  • Microbial membrane loading 50g of the porous sand ball obtained in the step (1) and the lg nitrogen-fixing strain Rhizobium are uniformly mixed to make the two sufficiently contact, and the microorganism is supported on the surface of the sand ball to form a microbial membrane. Get the loaded sand ball;
  • step (2) 10g of the loaded sand ball obtained in step (2) is immersed in the nutrient solution prepared in step (3) to be enriched and cultured to obtain a film-coated sand ball; (5) drying the hanging sand ball obtained in the step (4), and obtaining the desired planting sand, and collecting the residual nutrient solution without forming the film.
  • the nutrient planting sand prepared in this embodiment is laid inside, the cabbage seedlings are planted, and the residual nutrient solution not collected in step (5) is watered. Plants are grown in pots, and the growth of the plants is observed at any time while collecting the components exuded from the bottom of the pots.
  • Example 8 Composite nutrient planting sand in a container.
  • the composite nutrient planting sand is the same as the compound nutrient planting sand described in Example 7, and the planting container is the same as the structure and material of the potting container described in Example 3 of Chinese Patent No. CN202043482U.
  • the nutrient solution involved in the present embodiment is the same as the nutrient solution prepared in the step (3) in the seventh embodiment, and the planting plant and the planting plant cabbage seedlings described in the embodiment 7 are in a container, and are poured and formulated.
  • the nutrient solution observes the situation. , '' A Example 9
  • the nutrient components, the composite nutrient planting sand and the cabbage seedlings selected in the present embodiment are the same as those in the embodiment 7, except that the seedlings are planted in an impervious container having no water-permeable holes at the bottom, and the growth thereof is observed.
  • the composite nutrient planting sand described in this embodiment is for planting fruit plants such as tomatoes and potatoes which require a large amount of phosphate fertilizer.
  • the composite nutrient planting sand includes porous planting sand and a microbial membrane and a nutrient film which are sequentially coated on the surface of the porous planting sand from the inside to the outside, and the porous planting sand has a particle size of 40.
  • the microbial membrane is a membrane formed by the polyphosphate bacteria being supported in the pores and the outer surface of the porous sand sphere.
  • the nutrient film is a nutrient film formed by supporting a nutrient solution suitable for growth of a fruit plant in the pores and the outer surface of the porous sand ball, and the thickness of the nutrient film formed is 100-200 ⁇ .
  • the natural sand particles are divided into 10 to 70 mesh natural sand grains lOOKg, hydroxyl-containing acrylic resin 8Kg and hydrophilic polyurethane resin 12Kg, and uniformly mixed to achieve a diameter of a 0.1-lcm ball, forming a pore of 50-150 ⁇ m between adjacent natural sand particles;
  • Microbial membrane loading 200g of the porous planting sand obtained in the step (1) and the lg-phosphate bacteria-Vickers RAO are uniformly mixed to make the two sufficiently contact, and the microorganisms are loaded on the surface of the sand ball to form microorganisms.
  • the membrane is loaded with a sand ball;
  • step (2) 30g of the loaded sand ball obtained in step (2) is enriched and cultured in the nutrient solution prepared in step (3) to obtain a film-filled sand ball;
  • the dried film sand balls obtained in the step (4) are naturally air-dried to obtain the desired compound type nutrient planting sand, and at the same time, the residual nutrient solution not forming the film is collected for use.
  • Example 11 Composite nutrient planting sand in a container.
  • the composite type nutrient planting sand is the same as the nutrient planting sand described in the embodiment, and the planting container is the same as the structure and material of the potting container described in the embodiment 4 of the Chinese Patent No. CN202043482U.
  • the nutrient solution involved in the present embodiment is the same as the nutrient solution prepared in the step (3) in the embodiment 10.
  • the planting plant and the plant tomato seedlings described in the embodiment 10 are transplanted seedlings at the same time, and the tomatoes are planted.
  • the seedlings were planted in the planting container of the sand planting structure described in this example, and the prepared nutrient solution was poured to observe the growth.
  • Example 12 Nutrient components, nutrient planting sand and tomato seedlings selected in this embodiment and examples
  • the present comparative example uses the common flowerpots and common planting soils in the prior art as the planting medium, and formulates the nutrient solution referred to in Example 1-1, and the planting plants are also as described in Example 1-1.
  • Cabbage seedlings are seedlings transplanted in the same period.
  • the cabbage seedlings are planted in the soil, and the prepared nutrient solution is poured and observed while collecting the components exuded from the bottom of the flowerpot.
  • Example 4-1 the nutrient solution referred to in Example 4-1 was prepared, and the planting plant was also the tomato seedling described in Example 4. Seedlings transplanted for the same period. Tomato seedlings were planted in the soil, and the prepared nutrient solution was poured and observed while collecting the components exuded from the bottom of the flower pot.
  • Examples 1-1, 1-2, 2-1, 2-2, 3-1, 3-2 and Examples were taken.
  • the soil samples in the planting containers of 7, 8, 9 and Comparative Example 1 were digested into liquid samples, and the residual nitrogen content in the containers was measured by a TOC-TN meter, and the growth of plant seedlings in each container was measured. At the same time, the residual components of the liquid outside the oozing flowerpot collected in each example were examined, and the comparison results are shown in the following table.
  • the porous planting sand and the nutrient planting sand have at least the same ability as the soil for planting fertilizer, which is beneficial to plant growth; in addition, under the premise of providing the same nutrient for the plant, whether using porous planting sand
  • the method of adding the nutrient solution is to first form the nutrient solution on the surface of the porous planting sand to form a nutrient planting sand, which is equivalent to the production promotion effect of the plant; meanwhile, the data shows that the total amount of fertilizer absorbed by the plant increases, indicating that the microorganism is added.
  • Nutritional planting sand helps fertilizer The decomposition and absorption of the material is more conducive to plant growth than porous planting sand and nutrient planting sand.

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Abstract

一种多孔种植砂（2）包括天然沙粒和亲水性粘结层，所述天然沙粒通过所述亲水性粘结层粘结形成具有多孔结构的砂球，相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成适宜吸附的孔隙。所述的种植砂（2）利用砂球的多孔性能有效保持营养肥料，可以将种植过程中外界施加的营养成分，如肥料或微生物组分负载于沙粒之间形成的孔隙内，进而起到防止肥料随水分流失而损失的情况，有助于增大肥料的利用率。一种砂种植结构，包括种植容器（1）以及铺设于所述种植容器内的所述的多孔种植砂（2）。

Description

多孔种植砂、 营养种植砂、 复合型种植砂及砂种植结构 技术领域
本发明属于砂种植领域， 具体涉及一种可直接用于种植的保水、 保肥的多孔种植砂、 营养种植砂、 复合型营养种植砂以及包含有所 述各种种植砂的砂种植结构。 背景技术
沙漠化现象是一种自然现象， 是由于地球干燥带移动所产生的 气候变化导致局部地区沙漠化。 而且， 随着全球气候的日益恶劣及 人口快速增长带来的土地被过度开发及耕种、 畜牧， 导致全球沙漠 化进程越来越快， 可种植耕地日益减少， 农牧生产能力持续下降。 尤其对于我国这样一个地少人多的国家而言， 日益发展的沙漠化进 程导致农用及可种植土壤的减少而带来的负面影响是致命的。
农用及可种植土壤的日益减少， 直接导致粮食及农作物产量下 降， 这主要是由于目前的农粮产品及蔬果种植业中， 主要依靠的是 土壤的粘附力及凝聚保水、 保肥能力， 将施加至种植物的水分及肥 料保持并发挥效用， 而沙漠化后的天然沙粒则因为表面较为光滑以 及沙粒彼此之间的粘附能力较差而使得其不具有保水、 保肥的能力, 而无法用于种植之用。
目前， 农学家们对于日益沙漠化的治理， 除了一直致力于开发 沙漠种植、 集中于在沙漠中进行防渗或防风处理、 减弱沙土迁移、 提升沙漠成活率外， 也致力于开发一些可应用于日常农业种植的有 保水、 保肥功能的种植沙子， 以期待一方面可以改善农用土壤日益 减少带来的困境， 同时也有助于提高日益积聚的沙子的利用效率。
中国专利 CN102159667A公开了一种沙子凝聚体， 所述沙子凝 聚体包括由有机废弃物或副产品粉末以及土壤微生物混合后， 并与 沙子混合使得土壤微生物接种到沙子上， 利用供给的水分使得土壤 微生物繁殖， 利用其菌丝使有机废弃物或副产品粉末与沙子凝聚。 该发明所述的沙子凝聚体在适当对混有土壤微生物的有机废弃物 粉末和沙子进行混合的状态下供给水分来进行凝聚时， 不仅能够防 止随风扬沙的现象， 还能够供给养分， 从而可以对沙地进行草原化 或在沙地栽培各种庄稼和树木。 混在沙子中的有机废弃物粉末可以 起到基肥的作用而促进植物根系的生长， 该专利所述的沙子凝聚体 但该发明中对于沙子的处理， 采用的是一般的筒单混合处理， 直接将有机废弃物或副产品粉末以及土壤微生物混合并接种至沙 子上， 在有微生物存在下利用微生物的凝聚作用可以实现沙子之间 的粘附力， 减少因风沙流动导致的沙土流失， 该发明所述的沙子凝 聚体更多的是应用于沙漠种植中防止流失所采用的措施， 而对于日 常种植之用时需要的保水保肥的性能， 微生物之间的粘附力则并不 适用， 而且所述沙子并未经过任何预处理， 其光滑的外表面能否适 用于微生物接种吸附以及吸附能力如何也有待商榷， 因此该沙子凝 聚体并不适用于日常种植中以沙子为主要种植体的种植之用， 因此, 对于大规模的推广沙子种植技术仍有 ^艮大的局限性。 发明内容
为此，本发明所要解决的技术问题在于现有技术中天然沙粒不 适用于日常种植技术的问题， 进而提供一种有助于保水、 保肥、 可 适用于日常种植之用的多孔种植砂、 营养种植砂以及复合型营养种 植砂。
进一步的， 本发明还提供了上述各种种植砂的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明所述的多孔种植砂， 为由天然沙粒 i,相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成适宜微生物菌株及 ^益肥料吸附的孔 隙。所述的粘结剂既可以全部是亲水性粘结剂也可以部分是亲水型粘 结剂， 除亲水性粘结剂外的其他粘结剂优选树脂型粘结剂。
所述天然沙粒为粒径相同或相近似的沙粒。
所述天然沙粒的粒径为 40-70目。
相邻所述天然沙粒之间的孔隙为 50-300 μ m。 所述 '球的直径为 0.5-2cm。
所述亲水性粘结剂占所述天然沙粒的重量份数的 20-30%。
所述亲水性粘结剂占粘结剂总量的 30-60%。
所述亲水性粘结剂为亲水性树脂粘结剂。
所述亲水性树脂粘结剂为侧链含有亲水性羧酸盐、磺酸盐、铵盐、 羟基或主链含有非离子型亲水链段的环氧树脂、聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂 中的一种或几种。
具体的， 所述亲水性粘结剂的选择可以参照中国专利文献 CN1966861A中所公开的内容进行选择。
本发明还公开了一种制备所述的多孔种植砂的方法：将天然沙粒 筛分后选择合适粒径的天然沙粒与选定的粘结剂进行混合均匀使二 者充分接触并形成砂球，相邻砂粒之间形成适宜微生物菌株及有益肥 料吸附的孔隙。
本发明还公开了一种砂种植结构，包括种植容器以及铺设于所述 种植容器内的所述的多孔种植砂；
所述种植容器由防水透气颗粒与憎水性粘结剂粘结而成，相邻所 述防水透气颗粒之间形成气体分子可以透过但液态水分子不能透过 的孔隙。 所述孔隙的孔径为 0.001-0.3 mm, 优选 0.01-0.2 mm。
所述种植容器的结构及制备方法与材料选择同中国专利 CN202043482U中所公开的盆栽容器的结构、 方法以及材料。
所述防水透气颗粒包括骨料颗粒和包覆在所述骨料颗粒上的的 疏水性物质。
所述疏水性物质为骨料颗粒的 l-8wt%。
所述骨料为石英砂、矿渣、 陶粒或玻璃微珠中的一种或其中几种 的混合物； 所述骨料的粒径为 0.04-0.85 mm。
所述的疏水性物质为包覆在所述骨料颗粒上的疏水性树脂膜，所 述疏水性树脂膜为由疏水性环氧树脂、 酚 树脂、 聚氨酯树脂及硅树 脂中的一种或多种形成的膜。
所述憎水粘结剂为含氟环氧树脂粘结剂、 含硅环氧树脂粘结剂、 有机硅粘结剂、 聚氨脂、 聚脂树脂及酚 树脂中的一种或其中几种的 混合物。
所述疏水性物质为疏水性树脂膜，所述疏水性树脂膜为由疏水性 环氧树脂、酚 树脂、聚氨酯树脂及硅树脂中的一种或多种形成的膜。 较佳地， 所述疏水性环氧树脂为缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂、 缩水甘油 酯类环氧树脂、缩水甘油胺类环氧树脂、线型脂肪族类环氧树脂、 脂环族类环氧树脂、 聚硫橡胶改性环氧树脂、 聚酰胺树脂改性环 氧树脂、 聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂、 丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂、 酚醛树脂改性环氧树脂、 聚酯树脂改性环氧树脂、尿醛三聚氰胺树脂 改性环氧树脂、 糠 树脂改性环氧树脂、 乙烯树脂改性环氧树脂、 异 氰酸酯改性环氧树脂或硅树脂改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种；所述疏 水性酚 树脂为二曱苯改性酚 树脂、环氧树脂改性酚 树脂或有机 硅改性酚醛树脂中的一种或多种。
并且，如以上所述的疏水性树脂可以通过如下的方法改性而获得 , 具体改性方法为：
将环氧树脂，如邻苯二曱酸酐或马来酸酐，与油溶性的单体共聚， 所述油溶性的单体为： 丙烯酸烷基酯， 曱基丙烯酸烷基酯， 乙基丙烯 酸、 醋酸乙烯酯、 乙酸烯丙酯、 乙烯基石黄酸钠、 曱基乙婦基醚、 曱基 烯丙基醚、 曱基丙烯酸二曱氨基乙酯、 丙烯酸二曱氨基乙酯、 丙烯酸 二曱氨基丙酯、 丙烯酸二乙氨基丙酯、 丙烯酸二曱氨基丁酯、 曱基丙 烯酸二曱氨基乙酯、 曱基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯中的任一种。
或者， 也可以将环氧树脂接枝改性， 形成接枝聚合物； 将环氧树 脂的亲水性基团，如羟基，与疏水的功能单体发生反应，将其接起来； 疏水性的功能单体为： 苯曱醛， 烷基苯曱醛（一大类）， 利用羟基与 醛基的反应。
或者， 也可以将环氧树脂进行取代反应， 在光照的催化反应下， 用氯气参与取代反应， 将卤素接到环氧树脂上面， 以改善疏水性能。
另外， 所述疏水性树脂膜中可以加入有固化剂， 并且， 对于不同 的树脂加入不同的固化剂， 其中， 固化剂的选择具体如下：
对于缩水甘油醚类环氧树脂、缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂、 缩水甘油 胺类环氧树脂、 线型脂肪族类环氧树脂、 脂环族类环氧树脂、 聚硫 橡胶改性环氧树脂、 聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、 聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性 环氧树脂、 丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂、 酚 树脂改性环氧树脂、 聚酯树 脂改性环氧树脂、尿醛三聚氰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、糠 树脂改性环 氧树脂、 乙烯树脂改性环氧树脂、异氰酸酯改性环氧树脂或硅树脂改 性环氧树脂， 较佳的固化剂为脂肪胺、 脂环胺、 芳香胺、 聚酰胺、 酸 酐、 叔胺中的任一种或几种；
对于二曱苯改性酚醛树脂、环氧树脂改性酚醛树脂或有机硅改性 酚醛树脂， 较佳的固化剂为六次曱基四胺；
对于有机硅树脂而言， 较佳的固化剂为二丁基二月桂酸锡或 N, N, Ν', N'—四曱基胍盐中的任一种或几种；
对于疏水性聚氨酯树脂， 其固化剂为曱苯二异氰酸酯 TDI和三 曱氧苄胺嘧啶 ΤΜΡ的加成物， TDI和含羟基组份的预聚物及单组份 潮气固化剂、 TDI的三聚体。
对于不饱和聚酯 (对苯二曱酸与乙二醇的聚合物）， 常温时所加入 的固化剂为过氧化酮和环烷酸钴；加热时所加入的固化剂为过氧化苯 曱酸叔丁酯、 过氧化二碳酸酯、 二烷基过氧化物、 过氧化辛酸叔己酯 和过氧化二碳酸双酯中的一种或几种。
并且， 所述的疏水性物质还可以为聚四氟乙烯、 植物油、 硅铜、 硅氧烷、 烃以及共聚合聚偏氯乙烯中的任意一种或其组合。 较佳地， 所述烃包括石蜡、 煤油、 柴油、 原油、 石油馏出物、 溶剂油及脂族溶 剂中的任意一种或其组合。
其中， 所述疏水性物质为涂覆于所述骨料颗粒上， 并且将所述疏 水性物质涂覆于所述骨料颗粒上的方法为喷雾、浸渍或浸泡骨料颗粒 于疏水性物质的液体溶液中以化学涂覆骨料颗粒；或者为应用疏水性 物质的薄膜片材涂覆到骨料颗粒中；或者为将加热的骨料颗粒放置于 疏水性物质中， 熔融疏水性物质到骨料颗粒； 或者为电镀、 等离子喷 涂、 溅射、 流化及粉末涂覆的方式将疏水性物质涂覆到骨料颗粒上。
本发明同时公开一种制备所述种植容器的方法， 包括以下步骤： a. 将骨料颗粒与憎水粘结剂混合后倒入搅拌机搅拌均匀； b. 将包覆憎水粘结剂的骨料颗粒倒入盆栽成型模具；
c 固化成型脱模即可得到所述种植容器。
优选地， 所述的骨料颗粒包覆有疏水性物质。
所述步骤 c所述的固化成型的条件是在 5-120°C放置 1-48小时， 优选为在常温下放置 2-4小时。
进一步的， 本发明还提供了一种营养种植砂， 包括所述的多孔种 植砂和包覆于所述多孔种植砂表面的营养膜。 所述营养膜为适宜于目标种植植物生长的营养液负载于所述多 孔种植砂的孔隙中及外表面而形成的膜。
所述营养膜的厚度为 10-200um。
所述目标种植植物包括以茎叶和根系作为果实的植物。
本发明还公开了一种制备上述的营养种植砂的方法，包括如下步 骤：
( 1 )制备多孔种植砂： 按照所述多孔种植砂的方法制备得到所 需的多孔种植砂；
( 2 ) 配制营养液： 按照目标种植植物的生长需要配制适宜目标 种植植物生长需要的营养液组份；
( 3 )营养成分负载： 将步骤（ 1 )中得到的多孔种植砂浸入步骤 ( 2 ) 中配制的营养液中富集培养， 得到挂膜砂球；
( 4 )将步骤（3 )中得到的所述挂膜砂球干燥、 并过筛即得所需 的种植砂。
所述步骤（2 ) 中， 所述负载砂球与所述营养液的重量体积比为 10-30g/L。
本发明还公开了一种砂种植结构，包括种植容器以及铺设于所述 种植容器内的所述的营养种植砂；
所述种植容器由防水透气颗粒与憎水性粘结剂粘结而成，相邻所 述防水透气颗粒之间形成气体分子可以透过但液态水分子不能透过 的孔隙。
所述种植容器的结构及性质同前述含有所述多孔种植砂的砂种 植结构中的种植容器相同。
进一步的， 本发明还提供了一种复合型营养种植砂， 包括所述的 多孔种植砂以及从内至外依次包覆于所述多孔种植砂表面的微生物 菌膜和营养膜。
所述微生物菌膜为适宜目标种植植物生长的微生物菌种负载于 所述多孔种植砂的孔隙中及外表面而形成的膜。
所述微生物菌种包括固氮菌和聚磷菌。
所述营养膜为适宜目标种植植物生长的营养液负载于所述多孔 种植砂的孔隙中及外表面而形成的膜。
所述营养膜的厚度为 10-200um。
所述目标种植植物包括以茎叶和根系作为果实的植物。
本发明还公开了一种制备上述的复合型营养种植砂的方法，包括 如下步骤：
( 1 )制备多孔种植砂： 按照所述多孔种植砂的方法制备得到所 需的多孔种植砂；
( 2 )微生物菌膜负载： 将步骤（ 1 )中得到的多孔种植砂以及适 宜目标种植植物生长的微生物菌种混合均匀使二者充分接触，将微生 物负载于所述砂球表面得到形成微生物菌膜得到负载砂球；
( 3 ) 配制营养液： 按照目标种植植物的生长需要配制适宜目标 种植植物生长需要的营养液组份；
( 4 )营养膜负载： 将步骤（ 2 )中得到的负载砂球浸入步骤（ 3 ) 中配制的营养液中富集培养， 得到挂膜砂球；
( 5 )将步骤（4 ) 中得到的所述挂膜砂球干燥得所需的种植砂。 所述步骤（2 ) 中， 所述多孔砂球与所述微生物菌种的重量份比 为 50-200: 1。
所述步骤（4 ) 中， 所述负载砂球与所述营养液的重量体积比为 10-30g/L。
本发明还提供了一种砂种植结构，包括种植容器以及铺设于所述 种植容器内的所述的复合型营养种植砂；
所述种植容器由防水透气颗粒与憎水性粘结剂粘结而成，相邻所 述防水透气颗粒之间形成气体分子可以透过但液态水分子不能透过 的孔隙。
所述种植容器的结构及性质同前述含有所述多孔种植砂的砂种 植结构中的种植容器相同。
本发明所述的上述技术方案相比现有技术具有以下优点：
1、 本发明所述的多孔种植砂利用现有天然沙子经过亲水性粘 结剂的粘结完成造孔操作，使得相邻天然沙粒之间形成的 50-300μηι 的孔隙， 适用且有助于外界有益成分负载于砂球表面的孔隙内， 利 用砂球的多孔性能有效保持营养肥料， 因此可以将适宜于植物生长 尤其是适宜于目标种植植物生长所需的肥料等营养物质通过挂膜 负载于所述孔隙中及表面处， 形成可供给肥料的种植砂， 不仅为植 物生长提供必需的肥料养分， 同时有效避免了肥料随水分流失而损 失的情况， 有助于增大肥料的利用率；
2、 以现有资源中难于保水保肥、 难于种植利用的天然沙粒进 行活化以及造孔处理， 使得其具有负载肥料的能力， 有效緩解肥料 随水分的流失， 使得天然沙粒可以用于日常种植之用， 有助于緩解 曰益严重的沙漠化导致的可种植土壤减少带来的农作物种植困难；
3、 本发明所述的种植砂选用粒径相同或相近似的沙粒进行粘 结造孔， 有利于得到空隙均匀的砂球， 使得所述种植砂的营养成分 均匀分布， 有利于植物生长；
4、 选用亲水性树脂粘结剂对所述天然沙粒进行造孔处理， 有 益于营养成分的渗入及吸附性能；
5、 筛选得到所述粘结剂占所述天然沙粒的 20-30%, 使得经过 粘结剂粘结后天然沙粒之间形成的孔隙可以达到 50-300μηι,适宜于 外加肥料的负载以避免其流失；
6、 本发明所述的营养种植砂负载有对植物生长有利的营养成 分， 可以直接作为肥料使用， 也可以作为肥料流失后对植物生长的 补给肥料使用， 使得本发明所述的种植砂进行作物培育， 肥料的保 肥时间延长， 有效利用率提高， 保证植物良好生长；
7、 本发明所述的营养种植砂以膜状包覆于砂球表面， 保存方 便， 且无液态肥料在使用过程中的污染及异味麻烦， 尤为适用于家 庭种植之用；
8、 本发明所述的复合型营养种植砂同时负载有对植物生长有 利的微生物菌种膜和营养成分膜， 同时利用了微生物菌种对营养物 质的分解及发酵性能， 使得本发明所述的种植砂进行作物培育， 肥 料的吸收性能更加好， 肥料的保肥时间延长， 有效利用率提高， 有 益于植物的生长；
9、 负载于所述种植砂空隙及表面的微生物菌膜， 利用微生物 彼此之间的粘附作用以及微生物自身对营养液的吸附及富集作用， 使得对营养膜的吸附能力增强， 也有助于营养液的挂膜， 有助于营 养成分的负载；
10、 将本发明所述的多孔种植砂、 营养种植砂以及复合型营养 种植砂与具有防水透气性能的种植容器相配合使用， 利用所述种植 容器的防渗透气性能， 一方面避免了常规种植容器肥料随水分从底 部孔洞流失的问题， 使得所述种植结构的保肥性能更加优越， 同时 也利用了种植容器良好的透气性能保证植物生长的通气需求。 附图说明
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚的理解， 下面根据本发明的 具体实施例并结合附图， 对本发明作进一步详细的说明， 其中
图 1 为本发明所述砂种植结构的结构示意图。
图中附图标记表示为： 1-种植容器， 2-种植砂。 具体实施方式
Figure imgf000011_0001
结构及特性以及所述种植砂 2 的种类选择将分别在下述各实施例中 予以详细阐述。
实施例 1-1
本实施例所述的种植砂针对于叶类植物种植之用。
本实施例所述的多孔种植砂为由粒径为 70-100 目的天然沙粒与 氢化双酚 A型环氧树脂和亲水性环氧树脂粘结而成的多孔结构的砂 球， 所述种植砂的直径为 l-2cm , 相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成 150-300μηι的孔隙。
本实施例所述的保水保肥种植砂是由如下方法制备得到的：将天 然沙粒进行筛分， 选取 70-100目粒径的沙粒 lOOKg, 氢化双酚 A型 环氧树脂 21Kg和亲水性环氧树脂粘结剂 9Kg, 混合均匀实现粘结形 成直径为 l-2cm的砂球， 相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成 150-300μηι的 孔隙备用。
配制营养液：取 KH2PO4 0.2g、 K2HP04 0.8g, MgS04.7H20 0.2g, CaS04.2H20 O.lg, Na2Mo04.2H20微量， 以及酵母膏 0.5g, 甘露醇 20g, FeCl3微量， 琼脂 15g, 溶于 1000ml蒸馏水中， 调 pH7.2, 高 温灭菌 30min, 即得适宜叶类植物种植之用的营养液组份。
取现有技术中普通的底部含有渗水孔的花盆，内部铺设有本实施 例制备得到的种植砂， 栽种白菜幼苗， 并将上述营养液浇灌至花盆内 供植物生长，并随时观察植物生长情况同时收集花盆底部渗出的成分。
实施例 1-2
本实施例所述的砂种植结构同实施例 1-1中相同， 区别仅在于采 用实施例 1-1中营养液对所述多孔种植砂进行覆营养膜处理， 以形成 营养种植砂。 具体包括：
本实施例所述的营养种植砂包括多孔种植砂和包覆于所述多孔 种植砂表面的营养膜， 所述多孔种植砂为由粒径为 70-100 目的天然 沙粒与氢化双酚 A型环氧树脂和亲水性环氧树脂粘结而成的多孔结 构的砂球， 所述多孔种植砂的直径为 l-2cm, 相邻所述天然沙粒之间 形成 150-300μηι的孔隙。所述营养膜为适宜叶类植物生长的营养液负 载于所述多孔砂球的孔隙中及外表面而形成的膜，所述营养膜的厚度 为 10-200
本实施例所述的保水保肥营养种植砂是由如下方法制备得到的：
( 1 )制备多孔砂球： 将天然沙粒进行筛分， 选取 70- 100目粒径 的沙粒 lOOKg,氢化双酚 A型环氧树脂 21Kg和亲水性环氧树脂粘结 剂 9Kg, 混合均勾实现粘结形成直径为 l-2cm的 、球，相邻所述天然 沙粒之间形成 150-300μηι的孔隙备用；
( 2 )配制营养液： 取 KH2P04 0.2g K2HP04 0.8g, MgS04.7H20 0.2g, CaS04.2H20 O.lg, Na2Mo04.2H20微量， 以及酵母膏 0.5g, 甘 露醇 20g, FeCl3微量，琼脂 15g,溶于 1000ml蒸馏水中，调 pH7.2, 高温灭菌 30min, 即得适宜叶类植物种植之用的营养液组份；
( 3 )营养成分负载： 取 10g步骤（ 1 ) 中得到的多孔砂球浸入步 骤（2 ) 中配制的营养液中富集培养， 得到挂膜砂球；
( 4 )将步骤（ 3 )中得到的所述挂膜砂球自然风干即得所需的种 植砂， 同时收集未形成挂膜的残余营养液备用。
取现有技术中普通的底部含有渗水孔的花盆，内部铺设有本实施 例制备得到的营养种植砂， 栽种白菜幼苗， 并将步骤（4 ) 中收集到 的未形成挂膜的残余营养液浇灌至花盆内供植物生长，并随时观察植 物生长情况同时收集花盆底部渗出的成分。 实施例 2-1 容器内的多孔种植砂。 所述多孔种植砂同实施例 1-1中所述的多孔种 植砂，而所述种植容器同中国专利 CN202043482U中实施例 3中所述 的盆栽容器的结构及材料。
本实施例中所涉及的营养液与实施例 1-1 中所述的营养液相同， 所述种植植物与实施例 1 中所述种植植物白菜幼苗为同期移植的幼 浇灌配制的营养液观察。
实施例 2-2 容器内的营养种植砂。 所述营养种植砂同实施例 1-2中所述的营养种 植砂，而所述种植容器同中国专利 CN202043482U中实施例 3中所述 的盆栽容器的结构及材料。
本实施例中所涉及的营养液与实施例 1-2 中步骤（2 ) 中配制的 所述营养液相同， 所述种植植物与实施例 1-2中所述种植植物白菜幼 苗为同期移植的幼苗，将白菜幼苗栽种于本实施例所述的砂种植结构 的种植容器中， 并浇灌配制的营养液观察生长情况。
实施例 3-1
本实施例选用的营养成分、 多孔种植砂以及白菜幼苗与实施例 1-1 中相同， 其区别仅在于采用底部不设有渗水孔的不透水的容器栽 种所述幼苗， 并观察其生长情况。
实施例 3-2
本实施例选用的营养成分、 营养种植砂以及白菜幼苗与实施例 1-2中相同， 其区别仅在于采用底部不设有渗水孔的不透水的容器栽 种所述幼苗， 并观察其生长情况。
实施例 4-1
本实施例所述的种植砂针对于西红柿、马铃薯等需要大量磷肥的 果实类植物种植之用。
本实施例所述的多孔种植砂为由粒径为 40-70目的天然沙粒与含 羟基的丙烯酸树脂和亲水性聚氨酯树脂粘结而成的多孔结构的砂球， 所述种植砂的直径为 0.1-lcm,相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成 50-150μηι 的孔隙。
本实施例所述的保水保肥种植砂是由如下方法制备得到的：将天 然沙粒进行筛分， 选取 40-70目粒径的天然沙粒 1 OOKg , 含羟基的丙 烯酸树脂 8Kg和亲水性聚氨酯树脂 12Kg, 混合均匀实现粘结形成直 径为 0.1-lcm的砂球， 相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成 50-150μηι的孔隙 备用。
配制营养液：取 KH2PO4 0.2g K2HP04 0.8g, MgS04.7H20 0.2g, CaS04.2H20 O.lg, Na2Mo04.2H20微量， 以及酵母膏 0.5g, 甘露醇 20g, FeCl3微量， 琼脂 15g, 溶于 1000ml蒸馏水中， 调 pH7.2, 高 温灭菌 30min, 即得适宜于果实类植物种植之用所需要的营养液组份 备用。
取现有技术中普通的底部含有渗水孔的花盆，内部铺设有本实施 例制备得到的种植砂， 栽种西红柿幼苗， 并将上述营养液浇灌至花盆 内供植物生长，并随时观察植物生长情况同时收集花盆底部渗出的成 分。
实施例 4-2
本实施例所述的砂种植结构同实施例 4-1中相同， 区别仅在于采 用实施例 4-1中营养液对所述多孔种植砂进行覆营养膜处理， 以形成 营养种植砂。 具体包括：
本实施例所述的种植砂包括多孔种植砂和包覆于所述多孔种植 砂表面的营养膜， 所述的多孔种植砂为由粒径为 40-70目的天然沙粒 与含羟基的丙烯酸树脂和亲水性聚氨酯树脂粘结而成的多孔结构的 砂球， 所述种植砂的直径为 0.1-lcm, 相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成 50-150μηι 的孔隙。 所述营养膜为适宜果实类植物生长的营养液负载 于所述多孔砂球的孔隙中及外表面而形成的膜， 所述营养膜的厚度 100-200
本实施例所述的保水保肥种植砂是由如下方法制备得到的：
( 1 )制备多孔砂球： 将天然沙粒进行筛分， 选取 40-70 目粒径 的天然沙粒 lOOKg, 含羟基的丙烯酸树脂 8Kg和亲水性聚氨酯树脂 12Kg, 混合均匀实现粘结形成直径为 0.1-lcm的 、球，相邻所述天然 沙粒之间形成 50-150μηι的孔隙备用； ( 2 )配制营养液:取 KH2P04 0.2g、K2HPO4 0.8g, MgS04.7H20 0.2g, CaS04.2H20 O.lg, Na2Mo04.2H20微量， 以及酵母膏 0.5g, 甘露醇 20g, FeCl3微量， 琼脂 15g, 溶于 1000ml蒸馏水中， 调 pH7.2, 高 温灭菌 30min，， 即得适宜于果实类植物种植之用所需要的营养液组 份备用；
( 3 )营养成分负载： 取 30g步骤（ 1 ) 中得到的多孔砂球浸入步 骤（2 ) 中配制的营养液中富集培养， 得到挂膜砂球；
( 4 )将步骤（ 3 )中得到的所述挂膜砂球自然风干即得所需的种 植砂， 同时收集未形成挂膜的残余营养液备用。
取现有技术中普通的底部含有渗水孔的花盆，内部铺设有本实施 例制备得到的营养种植砂， 栽种西红柿幼苗， 并将步骤（4 ) 中收集 到的未形成挂膜的残余营养液浇灌至花盆内供植物生长，并随时观察 植物生长情况同时收集花盆底部渗出的成分。
实施例 5-1 容器内的多孔种植砂。所述多孔种植砂同实施例 4-1中所述的种植砂， 而所述种植容器同中国专利 CN202043482U中实施例 4中所述的盆栽 容器的结构及材料。
本实施例中所涉及的营养液与实施例 4- 1 中所述的营养液相同， 所述种植植物与实施例 4-1中所述种植植物西红柿幼苗为同期移植的 幼苗，
并浇灌配制的营养液观
实施例 5-2 容器内的营养种植砂。 所述营养种植砂同实施例 4-2中所述的营养种 植砂，而所述种植容器同中国专利 CN202043482U中实施例 4中所述 的盆栽容器的结构及材料。
本实施例中所涉及的营养液与实施例 4-2 中步骤（ 2 ) 中配制的 所述营养液相同， 所述种植植物与实施例 4-2中所述种植植物西红柿 幼苗为同期移植的幼苗，将西红柿幼苗栽种于本实施例所述的砂种植 结构的种植容器中， 并浇灌配制的营养液观察生长情况。
实施例 6-1 本实施例选用的营养成分、多孔种植砂以及西红柿幼苗与实施例
4-1 中相同， 其区别仅在于采用底部不设有渗水孔的不透水的容器栽 种所述幼苗， 并观察其生长情况。
实施例 6-2
本实施例选用的营养成分、营养种植砂以及西红柿幼苗与实施例 4-2中相同， 其区别仅在于采用底部不设有渗水孔的不透水的容器栽 种所述幼苗， 并观察其生长情况。
实施例 7
本实施例所述的复合型营养种植砂针对于叶类植物种植之用。 本实施例所述的复合型营养种植砂包括多孔种植砂以及从内至 外依次包覆于所述多孔种植砂表面的微生物菌膜和营养膜，所述多孔 种植砂为由粒径为 70-100目的天然沙粒与氢化双酚 A型环氧树脂和 亲水性环氧树脂粘结而成的多孔结构的砂球，所述多孔种植砂的直径 为 l-2cm, 相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成 150-300μηι的孔隙。 所述微生 物菌膜为固氮菌负载于所述多孔砂球的孔隙中及外表面而形成的膜。 所述营养膜为适宜叶类植物生长的营养液负载于所述多孔砂球的孔 隙中及外表面而形成的营养膜， 形成的所述营养膜的厚度为 10-200
本实施例所述的保水保肥种植砂是由如下方法制备得到的：
( 1 )制备多孔种植砂： 将天然沙粒进行筛分， 选取 70-100目粒 径的沙粒 lOOKg,氢化双酚 A型环氧树脂 21 Kg和亲水性环氧树脂粘 结剂 9Kg, 混合均匀实现粘结形成直径为 l-2cm的砂球，相邻所述天 然沙粒之间形成 150-300μηι的孔隙， 备用；
( 2 )微生物菌膜负载： 取 50g步骤（1 )中得到的多孔砂球以及 lg固氮菌株-根瘤菌 Rhizobium混合均匀使二者充分接触， 将微生物 负载于所述砂球表面得到形成微生物菌膜得到负载砂球；
( 3 )配制营养液： 取 KH2P04 0.2g K2HP04 0.8g, MgS04.7H20 0.2g, CaS04.2H20 O.lg, Na2Mo04.2H20微量， 以及酵母膏 0.5g, 甘 露醇 20g, FeCl3微量，琼脂 15g,溶于 1000ml蒸馏水中，调 pH7.2, 高温灭菌 30min, 即得适宜叶类植物种植之用的营养液组份；
( 4 )营养成分负载： 取 10g步骤（ 2 ) 中得到的负载砂球浸入步 骤（3 ) 中配制的营养液中富集培养， 得到挂膜砂球； ( 5 )将步骤（4 ) 中得到的所述挂膜砂球干燥、 并过 即得所需 的种植砂， 同时收集未形成挂膜的残余营养液备用。
取现有技术中普通的底部含有渗水孔的花盆，内部铺设有本实施 例制备得到的营养种植砂， 栽种白菜幼苗， 并将步骤（5 ) 中收集到 的未形成挂膜的残余营养液浇灌至花盆内供植物生长，并随时观察植 物生长情况同时收集花盆底部渗出的成分。
实施例 8 容器内的复合型营养种植砂。所述复合型营养种植砂同实施例 7中所 述的复合型营养种植砂， 而所述种植容器同中国专利 CN202043482U 中实施例 3中所述的盆栽容器的结构及材料。
本实施例中所涉及的营养液与实施例 7中步骤（3 ) 中配制的所 述营养液相同，所述种植植物与实施例 7中所述种植植物白菜幼苗为 容器中，、并浇灌配制的营养液观察生 情况。 、' ' A 实施例 9
本实施例选用的营养成分、复合型营养种植砂以及白菜幼苗与实 施例 7中相同，其区别仅在于采用底部不设有渗水孔的不透水的容器 栽种所述幼苗， 并观察其生长情况。
实施例 10
本实施例所述的复合型营养种植砂针对于西红柿、马铃薯等需要 大量磷肥的果实类植物种植之用。
本实施例所述的复合型营养种植砂包括多孔种植砂以及从内至 外依次包覆于所述多孔种植砂表面的微生物菌膜和营养膜，所述的多 孔种植砂为由粒径为 40-70目的天然沙粒与含羟基的丙烯酸树脂和亲 水性聚氨酯树脂粘结而成的多孔结构的砂球， 所述种植砂的直径为 0.1-lcm, 相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成 50-150μηι的孔隙。 所述微生物 菌膜为聚磷菌负载于所述多孔砂球的孔隙中及外表面而形成的膜。所 述营养膜为适宜果实类植物生长的营养液负载于所述多孔砂球的孔 隙中及外表面而形成的营养膜， 形成的所述营养膜的厚度为 100-200謹。
本实施例所述的保水保肥复合型营养种植砂是由如下方法制备 得到的：
( 1 )制备多孔种植砂： 将天然沙粒进行 分， 选取 40-70 目粒 径的天然沙粒 lOOKg, 含羟基的丙烯酸树脂 8Kg和亲水性聚氨酯树 脂 12Kg, 混合均匀实现粘结形成直径为 0.1-lcm的 、球， 相邻所述 天然沙粒之间形成 50-150μηι的孔隙备用；
( 2 )微生物菌膜负载： 取 200g步骤（ 1 ) 中得到的多孔种植砂 以及 lg聚磷菌-株维氏 RAO混合均匀使二者充分接触， 将微生物负 载于所述砂球表面得到形成微生物菌膜得到负载砂球；
( 3 )配制营养液： 取 KH2P04 0.2g、 K2HP04 0.8g, MgS04.7H20 0.2g, CaS04.2H20 O.lg, Na2Mo04.2H20微量， 以及酵母膏 0.5g, 甘 露醇 20g, FeCl3微量，琼脂 15g,溶于 1000ml蒸馏水中，调 pH7.2, 高温灭菌 30min, 即得适宜于果实类植物种植之用所需要的营养液组 份备用；
( 4 )营养成分负载： 取 30g步骤（ 2 ) 中得到的负载砂球浸入步 骤（3 ) 中配制的营养液中富集培养， 得到挂膜砂球；
( 5 )将步骤（4 )中得到的所述挂膜砂球自然风干即得所需的复 合型营养种植砂， 同时收集未形成挂膜的残余营养液备用。
取现有技术中普通的底部含有渗水孔的花盆，内部铺设有本实施 例制备得到的营养种植砂， 栽种西红柿幼苗， 并将步骤（5 ) 中收集 到的未形成挂膜的残余营养液浇灌至花盆内供植物生长，并随时观察 植物生长情况同时收集花盆底部渗出的成分。
实施例 11 容器内 复合型营养种植砂。 所述复合型营养种植砂同实施例、ιο中 所述的营养种植砂，而所述种植容器同中国专利 CN202043482U中实 施例 4中所述的盆栽容器的结构及材料。
本实施例中所涉及的营养液与实施例 10中步骤（3 )中配制的所 述营养液相同， 所述种植植物与实施例 10中所述种植植物西红柿幼 苗为同期移植的幼苗，将西红柿幼苗栽种于本实施例所述的砂种植结 构的种植容器中， 并浇灌配制的营养液观察生长情况。
实施例 12 本实施例选用的营养成分、营养种植砂以及西红柿幼苗与实施例
10 中相同， 其区别仅在于采用底部不设有渗水孔的不透水的容器栽 种所述幼苗， 并观察其生长情况。
对比例 1
本对比例以现有技术中的普通花盆和普通的种植土壤为种植介 质， 并配制实施例 1-1中所涉及的营养液， 所述种植植物也与实施例 1-1中所述的白菜幼苗为同期移植的幼苗。将白菜幼苗栽种于土壤中， 并浇灌所配制的营养液观察同时收集花盆底部渗出的成分。
对比例 2
本对比例以现有技术中的普通花盆和普通的种植土壤为种植介 质， 并配制实施例 4-1中所涉及的营养液， 所述种植植物也与实施例 4中所述的西红柿幼苗为同期移植的幼苗。 将西红柿幼苗栽种于土壤 中， 并浇灌所配制的营养液观察同时收集花盆底部渗出的成分。
培植 15天后， 取实施例 1-1、 1-2、 2-1、 2-2、 3-1、 3-2及实施例
7、 8、 9以及对比例 1的种植容器中的土壤样品， 并将其消解为液态 样品，采用 TOC-TN测定仪检测其内残余的氮含量， 同时测量各个容 器中植物幼苗的生长情况，同时检测各实施例收集到的渗出花盆外部 的液体的残余成分， 对比结果见下表。
序号 容器内氮含量（g/L ) 渗出成分氮含量（g/L ) 植物株高 （cm ) 实施例 1-1 56.68 10.83 17 实施例 1-2 54.68 10.83 17 实施例 2-1 63.12 0 22 实施例 2-2 63.12 0 22 实施例 3-1 73.76 0 12 实施例 3-2 73.76 0 12 实施例 Ί 44.68 8.83 19 实施例 8 43.12 0 24 实施例 9 55.76 0 12
Figure imgf000020_0001
培植 15天后， 取实施例 4-1、 4-2、 5-1、 5-2、 6-1、 6-2及实施例 10、 11、 12 以及对比例 2-的种植容器中的土壤样品， 并将其消解为 液态样品， 采用离子色谱测定仪检测其内残余的磷含量， 同时测量各 个容器中植物幼苗的生长情况，同时检测各实施例收集到的渗出花盆 外部的液体的残余成分， 对比结果见下表。
Figure imgf000020_0002
从实施例 1-1、 1-2、实施例 7和对比例 1以及实施例 4-1、 4-2、 实施例 10和对比例 2的的数据可以看出， 在使用相同的现有种植 容器种植时， 本发明所述的多孔种植砂以及所述的营养种植砂相对 于现有的土壤种植而言， 其保肥的性能相当甚至有所提高， 植物生 长情况也稍好， 证明本发明所述的多孔种植砂和所述营养种植砂对 于种植保肥具有至少与土壤相当的能力， 有利于植物生长； 另夕卜， 在对植物提供相同营养成分的前提下， 无论是使用多孔种植砂并添 加营养液的方式还是先将营养液覆膜于多孔种植砂表面形成营养 种植砂的方式， 对植物的生产促进作用相当； 同时数据显示， 植物 吸收的肥料的总量增加， 说明添加了微生物的营养种植砂有助于肥 料的分解吸收， 相对于多孔种植砂和营养种植砂而言， 更加有利于 植物生长。
从实施例 2-1、 3-1、 5-1、 6-1中方案数据的横向对比（或实施 例 2-2、 3-2、 5-2、 6-2中方案数据的横向对比、 以及实施例 8、 9、 11、 12中数据的横向对比）可以看出， 在以不透容器作为种植之用 即肥料无流失时， 使用本发明所述的种植容器种植的植物生长性能 提升较多， 同时容器内的肥量消耗也高出很多， 可见透气性能对植 物生长的重要性， 说明本发明所述的具有较好的透气性能的种植容 器有助于植物的生长。 显然， 上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例， 而并非对实施方 式的限定。 对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说， 在上述说明的基础上 还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实 施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本 发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种多孔种植砂， 其特征在于：
所述种植砂为由天然沙粒与至少包含有亲水性粘结剂的粘结剂 粘结而成的具有多孔结构的砂球，相邻所述天然沙粒之间形成适宜吸 附的孔隙。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的多孔种植砂， 其特征在于：
所述天然沙粒为粒径相同或相近似的沙粒。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的多孔种植砂， 其特征在于： 所述天然沙粒的粒径为 40-70目。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的多孔种植砂， 其特征在于： 相邻所述天然沙粒之间的孔隙为 50-300μηι。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的多孔种植砂， 其特征在于：
所述 '球的直径为 0.1-2cm。
6、 根据权利要求 1-5任一所述的多孔种植砂， 其特征在于： 所述粘结剂占所述天然沙粒的重量份数的 20-30%。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的多孔种植砂， 其特征在于：
所述亲水性粘结剂占粘结剂总量的 30-60%。
8、 根据权利要求 6或 7所述的多孔种植砂， 其特征在于： 所述亲水性粘结剂为亲水性树脂粘结剂。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的多孔种植砂， 其特征在于：
所述亲水性树脂粘结剂为侧链含有亲水性羧酸盐、磺酸盐、铵盐、 羟基或主链含有非离子型亲水链段的环氧树脂、聚氨酯和丙烯酸树脂 中的一种或几种。
10、 一种制备权利要求 1-9任一所述的多孔种植砂的方法， 其特 征在于：
将天然沙粒筛分后选择合适粒径的天然沙粒与选定的粘结剂进 行混合均勾使二者充分接触并形成砂球，相邻砂粒之间形成适宜微生 物菌株及有益肥料吸附的孔隙。
11、 一种砂种植结构， 其特征在于： 包括种植容器以及铺设于所 述种植容器内的权利要求 1-9任一所述的多孔种植砂；
所述种植容器由防水透气颗粒与憎水性粘结剂粘结而成，相邻所 述防水透气颗粒之间形成气体分子可以透过但液态水分子不能透过 的孔隙。
12、 一种营养种植砂， 其特征在于：
包括权利要求 1-9任一所述的多孔种植砂和包覆于所述多孔种植 砂表面的营养膜。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的营养种植砂， 其特征在于： 所述营养膜为适宜于目标种植植物生长的营养液负载于所述多 孔种植砂的孔隙中及外表面而形成的膜。
14、 根据权利要求 12或 13所述的营养种植砂， 其特征在于： 所述营养膜的厚度为 10-200um。
15、 根据权利要求 13或 14所述的营养种植砂， 其特征在于： 所述目标种植植物包括以茎叶和根系作为果实的植物。
16、 一种制备权利要求 12-15任一所述的营养种植砂的方法， 其 特征在于， 包括如下步骤：
( 1 )制备多孔种植砂： 按照权利要求 10所述的方法制备得到所 需的多孔种植砂；
( 2 ) 配制营养液： 按照目标种植植物的生长需要配制适宜目标 种植植物生长需要的营养液组份；
( 3 )营养成分负载： 将步骤（ 1 )中得到的多孔种植砂浸入步骤 ( 2 ) 中配制的营养液中富集培养， 得到挂膜砂球；
( 4 )将步骤（3 )中得到的所述挂膜砂球干燥、 并过筛即得所需 的种植砂。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的制备营养种植砂的方法， 其特征在 于：
所述步骤（2 ) 中， 所述负载砂球与所述营养液的重量体积比为 10-30g/L。
18、 一种砂种植结构， 其特征在于： 包括种植容器以及铺设于所 述种植容器内的权利要求 12-15任一所述的营养种植砂；
所述种植容器由防水透气颗粒与憎水性粘结剂粘结而成，相邻所 述防水透气颗粒之间形成气体分子可以透过但液态水分子不能透过 的孔隙。
19、 一种复合型营养种植砂， 其特征在于：
包括权利要求 1-9任一所述的多孔种植砂以及从内至外依次包覆 于所述多孔种植砂表面的微生物菌膜和营养膜。
20、 根据权利要求 19所述的复合型营养种植砂， 其特征在于： 所述微生物菌膜为适宜目标种植植物生长的微生物菌种负载于 所述多孔种植砂的孔隙中及外表面而形成的膜。
21、 根据权利要求 20所述的复合型营养种植砂， 其特征在于： 所述微生物菌种包括固氮菌和聚磷菌。
22、 根据权利要求 19-21任一所述的复合型营养种植砂， 其特征 在于：
所述营养膜为适宜目标种植植物生长的营养液负载于所述多孔 种植砂的孔隙中及外表面而形成的膜。
23、 根据权利要求 22所述的复合型营养种植砂， 其特征在于： 所述营养膜的厚度为 10-200um。
24、根据权利要求 22或 23所述的复合型营养种植砂， 其特征在 于：
所述目标种植植物包括以茎叶和根系作为果实的植物。
25、 一种制备权利要求 19-24任一所述的复合型营养种植砂的方 法， 其特征在于， 包括如下步骤：
( 1 )制备多孔种植砂： 按照权利要求 10所述的方法制备得到所 需的多孔种植砂；
( 2 )微生物菌膜负载： 将步骤（ 1 )中得到的多孔种植砂以及适 宜目标种植植物生长的微生物菌种混合均匀使二者充分接触，将微生 物负载于所述砂球表面得到形成微生物菌膜得到负载砂球； ( 3 ) 配制营养液： 按照目标种植植物的生长需要配制适宜目标 种植植物生长需要的营养液组份；
( 4 )营养膜负载： 将步骤（ 2 )中得到的负载砂球浸入步骤（ 3 ) 中配制的营养液中富集培养， 得到挂膜砂球；
( 5 )将步骤（4 ) 中得到的所述挂膜砂球干燥得所需的种植砂。
26、 根据权利要求 25所述的制备复合型营养种植砂的方法， 其 特征在于：
所述步骤（2 ) 中， 所述多孔砂球与所述微生物菌种的重量份比 为 50-200: 1。
27、根据权利要求 25或 26所述的制备复合型营养种植砂的方法， 其特征在于：
所述步骤（4 ) 中， 所述负载砂球与所述营养液的重量体积比为 10-30g/L。
28、 一种砂种植结构， 其特征在于： 包括种植容器以及铺设于所 述种植容器内的权利要求 19-24任一所述的复合型营养种植砂；
所述种植容器由防水透气颗粒与憎水性粘结剂粘结而成，相邻所 述防水透气颗粒之间形成气体分子可以透过但液态水分子不能透过 的孔隙。
PCT/CN2013/074828 2012-04-27 2013-04-26 多孔种植砂、营养种植砂、复合型种植砂及砂种植结构 WO2013159739A1 (zh)

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