WO2010133175A1 - 采油用覆膜颗粒及采油方法 - Google Patents

采油用覆膜颗粒及采油方法 Download PDF

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WO2010133175A1
WO2010133175A1 PCT/CN2010/073013 CN2010073013W WO2010133175A1 WO 2010133175 A1 WO2010133175 A1 WO 2010133175A1 CN 2010073013 W CN2010073013 W CN 2010073013W WO 2010133175 A1 WO2010133175 A1 WO 2010133175A1
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Prior art keywords
resin
oil
epoxy resin
hydrophobic
film
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PCT/CN2010/073013
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
秦升益
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北京仁创科技集团有限公司
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Priority claimed from CNA2009102034641A external-priority patent/CN101586024A/zh
Application filed by 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 filed Critical 北京仁创科技集团有限公司
Priority to CN201080012215.5A priority Critical patent/CN102388115B/zh
Priority to US13/258,188 priority patent/US20120088699A1/en
Priority to RU2011143948/03A priority patent/RU2490300C2/ru
Priority to MX2011012219A priority patent/MX2011012219A/es
Priority to CA2760510A priority patent/CA2760510C/en
Priority to EP10777378.0A priority patent/EP2433999B1/en
Publication of WO2010133175A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010133175A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/80Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
    • C09K8/805Coated proppants

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of oil recovery, in particular to a coating particle for oil recovery and an application of the coating particle in oil recovery. Background technique
  • Fracturing technology is the main measure to improve the production of oil wells. Fracturing is to use a fracturing truck to squeeze a high-pressure large-displacement liquid with a certain viscosity into the oil layer. When the oil is laminated with many cracks, the fracturing proppant is added to fill the crack. Increase the permeability of the reservoir to increase oil production. However, in high water cut periods, fracturing tends to cause flooding. At the same time, a large amount of injected water will be entangled along the high-permeability zone (similar to the bottom water cone), so that the water-containing rising rate after the fracturing will increase, and with the surge of liquid production after the fracturing and the water content rise, the mining cost will be greatly increased. . Therefore, for an oil layer, simply relying on fracturing cannot improve mining efficiency.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a coating particle for oil recovery and an oil recovery method using the same, which solves the problem that the coated quartz sand fracturing proppant oil and water can pass through in the prior art, and the crude oil The problem of low yield.
  • the present invention provides a coating particle for oil recovery, characterized in that the coating particle comprises an aggregate particle and an oil-permeable water-blocking film coated on a surface of the aggregate particle.
  • the aggregate particles may be various hard and water-insoluble particles, preferably quartz sand particles or ceramic particles.
  • the oil-permeable water-repellent film may be a film formed of one or more of an oleophilic hydrophobic resin, silicone, silicone, vegetable oil, hydrocarbon, glass frit, and enamel.
  • the weight ratio of the oil-permeable water blocking film to the aggregate may be
  • the oil-permeable water-repellent film is preferably a film formed of an oleophilic hydrophobic resin, and the weight ratio of the oleophilic hydrophobic resin to the aggregate may be from 0.2 to 15:100.
  • the oleophilic hydrophobic resin may be various oleophilic hydrophobic resins, preferably lipophilic hydrophobic epoxy resins, One or more of a lipophilic hydrophobic phenolic resin, a lipophilic hydrophobic polyurethane resin, a lipophilic hydrophobic silicone resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyvinylidene chloride.
  • the oil-permeable water blocking film is a lipophilic hydrophobic epoxy resin, a lipophilic hydrophobic phenolic resin, a lipophilic hydrophobic polyurethane resin, a lipophilic hydrophobic silicone resin, a polytetrafluoroethylene and a polyvinylidene chloride. At least two of the two, the mass ratio between any two oleophilic hydrophobic resins is 1:0.1-10. According to this preferred embodiment, the amount of water produced can be further reduced and the oil yield can be increased.
  • the oleophilic hydrophobic epoxy resin may be conventionally various oleophilic hydrophobic epoxy resins, preferably glycidyl ether epoxy resins, glycidyl ester epoxy resins, glycidylamine epoxy resins, Linear aliphatic epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin, polysulfide rubber modified epoxy resin, polyamide resin modified epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol tert-butylaldehyde modified epoxy resin, nitrile rubber Modified epoxy resin, phenolic resin modified epoxy resin, polyester resin modified epoxy resin, urethane aldehyde melamine resin modified epoxy resin, furfural resin modified epoxy resin, vinyl resin modified epoxy resin, isocyanate One or more of a modified epoxy resin and a silicone modified epoxy resin.
  • the lipophilic hydrophobic epoxy resin is commercially available or can be obtained by a conventional production method.
  • the oleophilic hydrophobic phenolic resin may be one of conventional oleophilic hydrophobic phenolic resins, preferably one of a xylene modified phenolic resin, an epoxy resin modified phenolic resin, and a silicone modified phenolic resin. A variety.
  • the lipophilic hydrophobic phenolic resin is commercially available or can be obtained by a conventional production method.
  • the oleophilic hydrophobic polyurethane resin may be conventionally prepared as an oleophilic hydrophobic polyurethane resin, preferably one or more of an organic polyisocyanate and an oligomer polyol such as a polyether or a polyester.
  • the lipophilic hydrophobic polyurethane resin is commercially available or can be obtained by a conventional production method.
  • the oleophilic hydrophobic silicone resin may be conventional various oleophilic hydrophobic silicone resins, and the silicone resin is methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, phenyltrichlorosilane, diphenyldichlorosilane. Or one of methylphenyldichlorosilane or a mixture thereof.
  • the oleophilic hydrophobic silicone resin is commercially available or can be obtained by a conventional production method.
  • the oil-permeable water-blocking film may further contain a curing agent for the oleophilic hydrophobic resin to promote curing of the oleophilic hydrophobic resin.
  • the amount of the curing agent may be its conventional content.
  • the weight ratio of the curing agent to the oleophilic hydrophobic resin may be from 1 to 25:100.
  • the curing agent for the oleophilic hydrophobic epoxy resin is a fatty amine, an alicyclic amine, an aromatic amine and a modified body thereof, a polyamide, an acid anhydride, a tertiary amine and a salt thereof, a paraformaldehyde, an imidazole, a polymer pre One or more of a polymer, a peroxide acyl group, a paraformaldehyde, a melamine resin; and/or
  • the curing agent for the oleophilic hydrophobic phenolic resin is hexamethylenetetramine; and/or
  • the curing agent for the oleophilic hydrophobic polyurethane resin is toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and trimethylol An adduct of propane (TMP), a prepolymer of toluene diisocyanate and a hydroxyl group-containing component, a one-component moisture curing agent, a trimer of toluene diisocyanate.
  • the hydroxyl group-containing component may be one or more of a glycol, a polyol, an alcohol amine, an aromatic diamine, and a dicarboxylic acid (anhydride, ester).
  • the curing agent for the oleophilic hydrophobic silicone resin is one or more of dibutyl dilaurate and strontium, barium, strontium, ⁇ '-tetramethylguanidinium.
  • the oil-permeable water-blocking film may further comprise a plasticizer, and the weight ratio of the plasticizer to the oleophilic hydrophobic resin may be 5-25:100, and the plasticizer is preferably phthalic acid dicarboxylic acid.
  • a plasticizer is preferably phthalic acid dicarboxylic acid.
  • the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid ester may be one or more of diglycol, ethylene glycol dicarboxylate and diethylene glycol dicarboxylate.
  • the phosphate ester may be one or more of a triaryl phosphate, a cumyl phenyl phosphate, and a phenol ether phosphate.
  • the oil-permeable water-blocking film may further comprise a lubricant, and the weight ratio of the lubricant to the resin may be 1-10:100, and the lubricant is preferably polyethylene wax, oxidized polyethylene wax, stearic acid amide, hard One or more of calcium oleate, zinc stearate, and ethylene bis-stearic acid amide.
  • the sphericity of the coating particles is preferably 0.7 or more.
  • Spheroidality refers to the extent to which the particles are close to a sphere, and the method of determination is well known to those skilled in the art, for example, by a plate method.
  • the particle size of the coating particles is preferably between 20 mesh and 40 mesh.
  • the siloxane may be a siloxane based on the structural unit R 2 SiO, wherein R is an alkyl group, and the alkyl group may have a carbon number of from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 3.
  • the siloxane is preferably polymethylhydrogensiloxane and/or polydimethylsiloxane.
  • the vegetable oil comprises one or more of linseed oil, soybean oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil and canola oil.
  • the hydrocarbon comprises one or more of kerosene, diesel, crude oil, petroleum distillate, aliphatic solvent, mineral spirits, and paraffin.
  • coated particles of the present invention can be obtained by a process comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Heat the aggregate particles to 50-400 °C
  • Step 2 The raw material of the oil-permeable water-blocking film is added, stirred uniformly, and the raw material is coated on the surface of the aggregate particles to obtain coated particles.
  • the method further comprises the step 3 of: cooling, crushing, and sieving to control the particle size of the hydrophobic particles.
  • cooling crushing, and sieving to control the particle size of the hydrophobic particles.
  • the cooling is preferably cooled to room temperature.
  • Conventional crushing and sieving methods can be employed.
  • the heating temperature in the step 1 is preferably 100-240 °C.
  • the stirring time is preferably from 1 to 10 minutes.
  • step 2 one or more of a curing agent, a plasticizer and a lubricant may also be added.
  • a curing agent e.g., a plasticizer
  • a lubricant e.g., a lubricant for lubricating the amount of curing agents, plasticizers, and lubricants for fracturing proppant.
  • the film-coated granules are coated with an oil-permeable and water-repellent film, which comprises a resin, and thus, the surface of the coated particles, water
  • the surface tension is increased, and it is aggregated into droplets, and it is difficult to pass the fracturing proppant. Therefore, the coated particles of the present invention and the fracturing proppant thereof are oil-permeable and water-blocking under normal atmospheric pressure, and oil-permeable resistance under pressure. It is obviously smaller than the water permeability resistance, so that in the oil production industry, the water output is effectively reduced and the oil production is increased.
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of liquid discharged, the amount of oil discharged, and the amount of water discharged from the fracturing proppant in the downhole experiment;
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the flow conductivity of the fracturing proppant of the present invention under different pressures. detailed description
  • quartz sand was purchased from Yongdeng Lantian Quartz Co., Ltd.
  • ceramsite was purchased from Shanxi Jianghe Tongda Oil & Gas Engineering Materials Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • Polyamide resin modified epoxy resin Fuqing Wangpai Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol tert-butyraldehyde modified epoxy resin Shandong Shengquan Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Xylene modified phenolic resin Shandong Shengquan Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Polyurethane resin Shandong Shengquan Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Fatty amine curing agent Jiangyin Tianxing Insulation Materials Co., Ltd.
  • Polyamide curing agent Fuqing Wangpai Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Hexamethyltetramine curing agent Jiangyin Tianxing Insulation Materials Co., Ltd.
  • Phthalate plasticizer Beijing Hengye Zhongyuan Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Polyethylene wax lubricant Beijing Datianrong New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Example 1 Polyethylene wax lubricant: Beijing Datianrong New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Example 2 A film granule was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a phthalate plasticizer was added before the addition of the curing agent, and the weight ratio thereof to the resin was 10:100, and was sufficient Stir.
  • Example 3 Film-coated granules were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the lubricant polyethylene wax was added before the resin began to solidify and the agglomeration (block) was started, and the weight ratio to the resin was 2:100. , and stir well. The weight ratio of the polyamide resin-modified epoxy resin to the quartz sand particles is 0.5:100. The weight ratio of the polyamide resin-modified epoxy resin to the quartz sand particles is 0.5.
  • Example 5 Film-coated particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the weight ratio of the polyamide resin-modified epoxy resin to the quartz sand particles was 12:100.
  • Example 2 2 kg of quartz sand particles having an average particle diameter of 0. 025 mm was heated to 400 ° C, 0. 04 kg of polyvinyl alcohol tert-butyl aldehyde modified epoxy resin was added, fully stirred, and cured by adding a polyamide curing agent ( The weight ratio to the resin is 5:100), so that the surface of the quartz sand particles forms a resin coating, and then cooled to room temperature, crushed, and sieved to obtain the coated particles of the present invention.
  • Example 7 2 kg of quartz sand particles having an average particle diameter of 0. 025 mm was heated to 400 ° C, 0. 04 kg of polyvinyl alcohol tert-butyl aldehyde modified epoxy resin was added, fully stirred, and cured by adding a polyamide curing agent ( The weight ratio to the resin is 5
  • coated particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polyamide resin-modified epoxy resin was replaced with a silicone resin, and the curing agent was replaced with dibutyltin dilaurate.
  • Example 9 the polyamide resin-modified epoxy resin was replaced with a silicone resin, and the curing agent was replaced with dibutyltin dilaurate.
  • Film-coated particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polyamide resin-modified epoxy resin was replaced with a polyurethane resin, and the curing agent was replaced with a TDI trimer.
  • Example 10
  • Film-coated particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polyamide resin-modified epoxy resin was replaced with polytetrafluoroethylene, and a curing agent was not used.
  • Example 11
  • Film-coated particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polyamide resin-modified epoxy resin was replaced with polydimethylsiloxane, and a curing agent was not used.
  • Example 12
  • Film-coated granules were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 3 kg of the polyamide resin-modified epoxy resin was replaced with 2 kg of a polyamide resin-modified epoxy resin and 1 kg of a polyvinyl alcohol-tert-butyl aldehyde-modified epoxy resin. Resin.
  • Example 13
  • Film-coated particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polyamide resin was modified with epoxy.
  • the butyraldehyde-modified epoxy resin has a weight ratio of 5:100), hexamethylenetetramine (the weight ratio thereof to the xylene-modified phenol resin is 5:100), and dibutyltin dilaurate (which is The weight ratio of silicone resin is 5: 100).
  • the sphericity of the product obtained in the above Examples 1 to 15 is 0.7 or more, and the obtained coated particles have a particle diameter of from 20 mesh to 40 mesh.
  • the oil-permeable and water-blocking function of the coated quartz sand particles of the present invention and the fracturing support having the coated quartz sand will be described below by experimental data.
  • Example 1 The coated quartz sand prepared in Example 1 was used as a fracturing proppant for underground testing. The test was continued for 56 days. The results are shown in Figure 1. The water content in the liquid output decreased from 88% to 72. 3 %, the water content is reduced by 15%, and the oil output is increased from 4 tons to 20 tons.
  • the fracturing proppant of the present invention has a significantly better conductivity in kerosene than the conductivity in water, which is close to 3:1;
  • the fracturing proppant of the present invention has a lower flow resistance in kerosene than the flow resistance in water, and is advantageous for controlling the rise of water content.
  • the coated particles of the present invention based on the principle of enhancing the surface tension of water and destroying the surface tension of the oil, coating the aggregate particles with an oil-permeable water-blocking film, the film comprising a resin, and the coating of the present invention
  • Membrane quartz sand fracturing proppant is used in oil recovery industry. Because its coated quartz sand has the function of oil and water blocking, it can effectively increase oil output, reduce water output, and improve oil production and efficiency. Economic and social benefits.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种采油用覆膜颗粒、具有该覆膜颗粒的压裂支撑剂及使用该压裂支撑剂的采油方法。该覆膜颗粒包含骨料颗粒及包覆于骨料颗粒的表面的透油阻水薄膜。本发明的覆膜石英砂及其压裂支撑剂在常规大气压下透油阻水,在加压情况下透油阻力明显小于透水阻力,从而,在采油工业中,有效的降低了出水量,提高了油产量。

Description

采油用覆膜颗粒及采油方法
技术领域
本发明涉及采油技术领域,尤其涉及采油用覆膜颗粒及该覆膜颗粒在采油中的应 用。 背景技术
随着我国国民经济快速发展的需要,石油消耗量逐年增高。一方面石油资源短缺, 另一方面石油采收率不高,开发过程中浪费严重。 目前,油田已进入高含水开采阶段, 含水高, 含水速度上升较快, 2000年底全油田综合含水达 87%, 基础井网开采的主力 油层含水已达到 90〜95%, 开采成本逐年增加。
压裂技术是提高油井产量的主要措施,压裂就是用压裂车,把高压大排量具有一 定粘度的液体挤入油层, 当把油层压出许多裂缝后, 加入压裂支撑剂充填进裂缝, 提 高油层的渗透能力, 以增加产油量。 但在高含水期, 压裂易于导致水淹。 同时, 大量 注入水会沿高渗透带上窜 (类似底水锥进),使压裂后含水上升速度加快, 且随着压裂 后产液量的激增和含水上升, 也大大的增加开采成本。 因此, 针对一个油层, 单纯依 靠压裂无法提高开采效益。
目前,业界已经发展为采用覆膜石英砂作为压裂支撑剂来提高岩层孔隙率和孔隙 连通性, 然而, 通常使用的覆膜石英砂压裂支撑剂油及水都能大量透过, 这样, 大大 降低了原油的产量, 降低了原油生产效率, 并伴随着其他的一些副作用。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种采油用覆膜颗粒及使用该覆膜颗粒的 采油方法,其解决了现有技术中覆膜石英砂压裂支撑剂油与水都能透过, 原油产率低 的问题。
为实现上述目的, 本发明提供了一种采油用覆膜颗粒, 其特征在于, 该覆膜颗粒 包括骨料颗粒及包覆于该骨料颗粒的表面的透油阻水薄膜。
所述骨料颗粒可以为各种硬质且不溶于水的颗粒, 优选为石英砂颗粒或陶粒。 所述透油阻水薄膜可以为由亲油疏水性树脂、 硅酮、 硅氧烷、 植物油、 烃、 玻璃 熔块和瓷釉中的一种或几种形成的薄膜。 所述透油阻水薄膜与骨料的重量比可以为
0.2-15: 100。
所述透油阻水薄膜优选为由亲油疏水性树脂形成的薄膜, 所述亲油疏水性树脂与 骨料的重量比可以为 0.2-15: 100。
所述亲油疏水性树脂可以为各种亲油疏水性树脂, 优选为亲油疏水性环氧树脂、 亲油疏水性酚醛树脂、亲油疏水性聚氨酯树脂、 亲油疏水性硅树脂、聚四氟乙烯和聚 偏氯乙烯中的一种或多种。
优选情况下, 所述透油阻水薄膜为亲油疏水性环氧树脂、 亲油疏水性酚醛树脂、 亲油疏水性聚氨酯树脂、亲油疏水性硅树脂、聚四氟乙烯和聚偏氯乙烯中的至少两种, 任意两种亲油疏水性树脂之间的质量比为 1:0.1-10。 按照该优选实施方式, 可以进一 步降低出水量并提高油产量。
所述亲油疏水性环氧树脂可以为常规的各种为亲油疏水性环氧树脂, 优选为縮水 甘油醚类环氧树脂、縮水甘油酯类环氧树脂、縮水甘油胺类环氧树脂、线型脂肪族类 环氧树脂、 脂环族类环氧树脂、 聚硫橡胶改性环氧树脂、 聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、 聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂、丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂、酚醛树脂改性环氧树脂、聚 酯树脂改性环氧树脂、尿醛三聚氰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、糠醛树脂改性环氧树脂、 乙 烯树脂改性环氧树脂、 异氰酸酯改性环氧树脂和硅树脂改性环氧树脂中的一种或多 种。 所述亲油疏水性环氧树脂可以商购得到, 也可以通过常规的制备方法制得。
所述亲油疏水性酚醛树脂可以为常规的各种为亲油疏水性酚醛树脂, 优选为二甲 苯改性酚醛树脂、环氧树脂改性酚醛树脂和有机硅改性酚醛树脂中的一种或多种。所 述亲油疏水性酚醛树脂可以商购得到, 也可以通过常规的制备方法制得。
所述亲油疏水性聚氨酯树脂可以为常规的各种为亲油疏水性聚氨酯树脂, 优选由 有机多异氰酸酯及聚醚、聚酯等低聚物多元醇的一种或多种制备而得。所述亲油疏水 性聚氨酯树脂可以商购得到, 也可以通过常规的制备方法制得。
所述亲油疏水性硅树脂可以为常规的各种亲油疏水性硅树脂, 有机硅树脂是甲基 三氯硅烷、二甲基二氯硅烷、 苯基三氯硅烷、二苯基二氯硅烷或甲基苯基二氯硅烷的 一种或其混合物。所述亲油疏水性硅树脂可以商购得到, 也可以通过常规的制备方法 制得。
所述透油阻水薄膜中还可以含有用于所述亲油疏水性树脂的固化剂, 以促进所述 亲油疏水性树脂的固化。 固化剂的量可以为其常规含量, 优选地, 固化剂与所述亲油 疏水性树脂的重量比可以为 1-25: 100。
对于不同的亲油疏水性树脂可以使用不同的固化剂。 优选情况下:
用于所述亲油疏水性环氧树脂的固化剂为脂肪胺、 脂环胺、 芳香胺及其改性体、 聚酰胺、 酸酐、叔胺及其盐、 多聚甲醛、 咪唑、 高分子预聚体、 过氧化酰类、仲甲醛、 蜜胺树脂中的一种或几种; 和 /或
用于所述亲油疏水性酚醛树脂的固化剂为六次甲基四胺; 和 /或
用于所述亲油疏水性聚氨酯树脂的固化剂为甲苯二异氰酸酯 (TDI ) 和三羟甲基 丙烷(TMP) 的加成物, 甲苯二异氰酸酯和含羟基组份的预聚物、 单组份潮气固化剂、 甲苯二异氰酸酯的三聚体。 所述含羟基组份可以为二元醇、 多元醇、 醇胺、 芳香族二 元胺和二元羧酸 (酐、 酯) 中的一种或多种。
用于所述亲油疏水性有机硅树脂的固化剂为二丁基二月桂酸锡和 Ν,Ν,Ν',Ν'-四甲 基胍盐中的一种或几种。
所述透油阻水薄膜中还可以含有增塑剂, 该增塑剂与所述亲油疏水性树脂的重量 比可以为 5-25: 100, 该增塑剂优选为邻苯型二甲酸酯、 脂肪族二甲酸酯和磷酸酯中 的一种或几种。脂肪族二甲酸酯可以为二甘醇二甲酸酯、 乙二醇二甲酸酯和二乙二醇 二甲酸酯中的一种或多种。磷酸酯可以为三芳基磷酸酯、异丙苯基苯基磷酸酯和酚醚 磷酸酯中的一种或多种。
所述透油阻水薄膜中还可以含有润滑剂, 该润滑剂与树脂的重量比可以为 1-10: 100, 该润滑剂优选为聚乙烯蜡、 氧化聚乙烯蜡、 硬脂酸酰胺、 硬脂酸钙、 硬脂酸锌 和乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺中的一种或几种。
所述覆膜颗粒的球形度优选为 0.7以上。 "球形度"指颗粒接近球形的程度, 其 测定方法为本领域技术人员所公知, 例如, 可采用图版法进行测定。
所述覆膜颗粒的粒径优选在 20目至 40目之间。
所述硅氧烷可以为基于结构单元 R2SiO的硅氧烷, 其中 R为烷基, 该烷基的碳原 子数可以为 1-10, 优选为 1-3。所述硅氧烷优选为聚甲基氢硅氧烷和 /或聚二甲基硅氧 院。
优选地, 所述植物油包括亚麻子油、 豆油、 玉米油、 棉子油和低芥酸菜子油中的 一种或几种。
优选地, 所述烃包括煤油、 柴油、 原油、 石油馏出物、 脂族溶剂、 溶剂油和石蜡 中的一种或几种。
本发明的覆膜颗粒可以采用包括如下步骤的方法制得:
步骤 1: 将骨料颗粒加热至 50-400 °C;
步骤 2: 加入透油阻水薄膜的原料, 搅拌均匀, 使所述原料在所述骨料颗粒的表 面覆膜, 得到覆膜颗粒。
优选地, 该方法还包括步骤 3: 冷却、 破碎、 筛分, 以控制疏水颗粒的粒径。 对 冷却的条件没有特别要求, 优选冷却至室温。 可以采用常规的破碎和筛分方法。
其中, 所述步骤 1中加热温度优选为 100— 240°C。
在步骤 2中,对搅拌的时间没有特别的要求, 只要使所述原料均匀地附着在骨料 颗粒的表面即可。 搅拌时间优选为 1-10分钟。
所述骨料颗粒和透油阻水薄膜的原料在上文中已作详细描述, 在此不再赘述。 其中, 于步骤 2中, 还可以加入固化剂、 增塑剂和润滑剂中的一种或几种。 固化剂、 增塑剂和润滑剂的用量和种类在上文中已作详细描述, 在此不再赘述。 本发明还提供了一种采油方法,其特征在于, 该方法使用本发明所述的覆膜颗粒 作为压裂支撑剂。
本发明提供的覆膜颗粒,根据增强水的表面张力并破坏油的表面张力的原理,使 用透油阻水的薄膜包覆骨料颗粒, 该薄膜中包括树脂, 因此, 覆膜颗粒表面, 水的表 面张力增大, 聚集成液滴状, 不易通过压裂支撑剂, 因而, 本发明的覆膜颗粒及其压 裂支撑剂在常规大气压下透油阻水,在加压情况下透油阻力明显小于透水阻力,从而, 在采油工业中, 有效的降低了出水量, 提高了油产量。
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述, 但不作为对本发明的限定。 附图说明
图 1 为本发明压裂支撑剂在井下实验中出液量、 出油量及出水量与时间的关系 图;
图 2为本发明的压裂支撑剂在不同压力下导流能力变化曲线。 具体实施方式
以下以实施例的方式更详细地描述本发明,但是应当理解的是,本发明的范围不 限于以下的实施例。
在以下实施例中,石英砂购自永登蓝天石英砂有限公司公司, 陶粒购自山西江合 通达油气工程材料制造有限公司。
亲油疏水性树脂、 及固化剂、 增塑剂的厂家和牌号如下:
聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂: 福清王牌精细化工有限公司
聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂: 山东圣泉化工股份有限公司
二甲苯改性酚醛树脂: 山东圣泉化工股份有限公司
有机硅树脂: 道康宁 (美国)
聚氨酯树脂: 山东圣泉化工股份有限公司
聚四氟乙烯: 上海齐耐润工贸有限公司
聚二甲基硅氧烷: 道康宁 (美国)
脂肪胺固化剂: 江阴天星保温材料有限公司
聚酰胺固化剂: 福清王牌精细化工有限公司 六次甲基四胺固化剂: 江阴天星保温材料有限公司
二丁基二月桂酸锡: 上海元吉化工有限公司
TDI三聚体: 顺德市勒流镇博高涂料厂
邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂: 北京恒业中远化工有限公司
聚乙烯蜡润滑剂: 北京化大天荣新材料技术有限公司 实施例 1 :
将平均粒径为 0. 025mm的 3kg石英砂颗粒加热至 250°C后放入混砂机中搅拌, 之 后, 降温至 200°C, 加入聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂 0. 15kg, 充分搅拌, 使树脂均匀 的分布于石英砂颗粒的外表面,然后加入脂肪胺固化剂(其与树脂的重量比为 2: 100) 固化, 最后冷却至室温, 破碎, 得到本发明覆膜颗粒。 实施例 2: 按照与实施例 1相同的方法制备覆膜颗粒, 不同的是, 在加入固化剂 前加入邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂, 其与树脂的重量比为 10: 100, 并充分搅拌。 实施例 3: 按照与实施例 1相同的方法制备覆膜颗粒, 不同的是, 在树脂开始固 化并且开始结团 (块) 前加入润滑剂聚乙烯蜡, 其与树脂的重量比为 2: 100, 并且 搅拌均匀。 实施例 4: 按照与实施例 1相同的方法制备覆膜颗粒, 不同的是, 聚酰胺树脂 改性环氧树脂与石英砂颗粒的重量比为 0. 5 : 100。 实施例 5: 按照与实施例 1相同的方法制备覆膜颗粒, 不同的是, 聚酰胺树脂 改性环氧树脂与石英砂颗粒的重量比为 12 : 100。 实施例 6: 将平均粒径为 0. 025mm的石英砂颗粒 2kg加热至 400°C, 加入聚乙烯 醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂 0. 04kg, 充分搅拌, 并加入聚酰胺固化剂固化 (其与树脂的 重量比为 5: 100) , 使得石英砂颗粒表面形成树脂覆膜, 之后, 冷却至室温、 破碎、 筛分得到本发明覆膜颗粒。 实施例 7:
将平均粒径为 1. 25mm的陶粒 5kg, 加热至 100°C, 之后, 加入二甲苯改性酚醛树 脂 0. 3kg, 同时加入六次甲基四胺固化剂 (其与树脂的重量比为 12: 100) , 充分搅 拌, 使得所加入的酚醛树脂及固化剂分别均匀, 并在石英砂颗粒表面覆膜; 然后, 冷 却至室温、 破碎、 筛分后得到本发明透油阻水的覆膜颗粒。 实施例 8
按照与实施例 1相同的方法制备覆膜颗粒, 不同的是, 将聚酰胺树脂改性环氧 树脂替换为有机硅树脂, 将固化剂替换为二丁基二月桂酸锡。 实施例 9
按照与实施例 1相同的方法制备覆膜颗粒, 不同的是, 将聚酰胺树脂改性环氧 树脂替换为聚氨酯树脂, 将固化剂替换为 TDI三聚体。 实施例 10
按照与实施例 1相同的方法制备覆膜颗粒, 不同的是, 将聚酰胺树脂改性环氧 树脂替换为聚四氟乙烯, 并且不使用固化剂。 实施例 11
按照与实施例 1相同的方法制备覆膜颗粒, 不同的是, 将聚酰胺树脂改性环氧 树脂替换为聚二甲基硅氧烷, 并且不使用固化剂。 实施例 12
按照与实施例 1相同的方法制备覆膜颗粒, 不同的是, 将 3kg聚酰胺树脂改性 环氧树脂替换为 2kg聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂和 1kg聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂。 实施例 13
按照与实施例 1相同的方法制备覆膜颗粒, 不同的是, 将聚酰胺树脂改性环氧 树脂替换为 0. 5kg聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂和 2. 5kg二甲苯改性酚醛树脂,并且 将固化剂替换为聚酰胺固化剂 (其与聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂的重量比为 5: 100) 和六次甲基四胺 (其与二甲苯改性酚醛树脂的重量比为 5: 100) 。 实施例 14
按照与实施例 1相同的方法制备覆膜颗粒, 不同的是, 将聚酰胺树脂改性环氧 树脂替换为 0. 5kg聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂、 1. 5kg二甲苯改性酚醛树脂和 1kg 有机硅树脂, 并且将固化剂替换为聚酰胺固化剂(其与聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂 的重量比为 5: 100)、六次甲基四胺(其与二甲苯改性酚醛树脂的重量比为 5: 100)、 二丁基二月桂酸锡 (其与有机硅树脂的重量比为 5: 100) 。 实施例 15
按照与实施例 1相同的方法制备覆膜颗粒, 不同的是, 将聚酰胺树脂改性环氧 树脂替换为 1. 5kg聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂和 1. 5kg聚氨酯树脂,并且将固化剂 替换为聚酰胺固化剂(其与聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂的重量比为 5: 100)和 TDI 三聚体 (其与聚氨酯树脂的重量比为 5: 100) 。 上述实施例 1一 15得到的产物的球形度为 0. 7以上, 所得覆膜颗粒的粒径在 20 目至 40目之间。 以下通过实验数据说明本发明的覆膜石英砂颗粒及具有该覆膜石英砂的压裂支 撑剂的透油阻水功能。
1.常规大气压试验
取普通陶粒 (未覆膜) 、 普通石英砂 (未覆膜) 以及本发明实施例 1-16制得的 覆膜石英砂两份各 40mL于相同规格的试管中, 分别加入 20mL水(无色液体)及煤油 (黄色液体) , 通过观察液体渗透状况, 初步确定其油水渗透性, 结果如表 1所述。
表 1
实施例编号 水的液面高度 (mL) 煤油的液面高度 (mL) 液面高度差 (mL)
1 7 0 7
2 10 0 10
3 11 0 11
4 13 0 13
5 15 0 15
6 15 0 15
7 16 0 16
8 16 0 16
9 15 0 15
10 18 10 8 11 17 10 7
12 18 0 18
13 19 0 19
14 20 0 20
15 17 0 0
普通陶粒 0 0 0
普通石英砂 0 0 0 从表 1所示的结果可以看出,油和水在陶粒和石英砂中渗透速度很快,但水在本 发明的覆膜石英砂中渗透慢且量少,砂面上方剩余水量最多,比煤油液面高 7mL以上。 由此可见采用本发明技术方案所制得的覆膜石英砂亲水性差, 静态下有阻水作用。
2. 加压试验
称取 50g实施例 1制得的覆膜石英砂, 倒入岩心夹持器胶筒内, 加围压 4. 0MPa, 在不同流速下分别驱替清水、油水同驱以及煤油, 记录驱替压力。油水同驱压力稳定 时, 接取 10mL流出液, 记录油水体积比。 结果如表 2所示:
表 2
Figure imgf000010_0001
从表 2所示的结果可以看出,在相同的流速下,驱替水需要的压力要大于驱替油 所需要的压力,且在油水同驱的情况下,驱替得到的采出液中含油率明显高于含水率, 说明实施例 1制备的覆膜石英砂具有一定的阻水透油效果。
3、 井下应用
实验 1、 将采用实施例 1制得的覆膜石英砂用作压裂支撑剂进行了井下试验, 连 续测试 56天, 结果如图 1所示, 出液量中水含量由 88 %降到 72. 3 %, 含水降低了 15 % , 出油量由 4吨左右, 提升到 20吨。
实验 2: 模拟地层温度下 90度: 水、 煤油两种介质, 将实施例 1制得的覆膜石 英砂用作压裂支撑剂进行导流能力的评价试验。 其结果如图 2所示: 从图 2中可以看出:
1 ) 本发明的压裂支撑剂在煤油中的导流能力明显好于在水中的导流能力,接近 3: 1;
2) 本发明的压裂支撑剂在煤油中的流动阻力小于在水中的流动阻力, 有利于控 制含水的上升。
由此可见: 本发明的覆膜颗粒, 根据增强水的表面张力并破坏油的表面张力的原 理, 使用透油阻水的薄膜包覆骨料颗粒, 该薄膜中包括树脂, 将本发明的覆膜石英砂 压裂支撑剂应用于采油工业中, 由于其覆膜石英砂具有透油阻水的功能, 因此, 可以 有效的提高出油量, 降低出水量, 进而提高油产量和效率, 具有显著的经济效益与社 会效益。
当然, 本发明还可有其他多种实施例, 在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下, 熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改 变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种采油用覆膜颗粒, 其特征在于, 该覆膜颗粒包括骨料颗粒及包覆于该骨 料颗粒的表面的透油阻水薄膜。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的覆膜颗粒, 其中, 所述骨料颗粒为石英砂颗粒或陶粒。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的覆膜颗粒, 其中, 所述透油阻水薄膜为由亲油疏水性 树脂、 硅酮、 硅氧烷、 植物油、 烃、 玻璃熔块和瓷釉中的一种或几种形成的薄膜。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的覆膜颗粒, 其中, 所述透油阻水薄膜为由亲油疏水性 树脂形成的薄膜, 所述亲油疏水性树脂与骨料的重量比为 0.2-15: 100。
5、 根据权利要求 3或 4所述的覆膜颗粒, 其中, 所述亲油疏水性树脂为亲油疏 水性环氧树脂、 亲油疏水性酚醛树脂、 亲油疏水性聚氨酯树脂、 亲油疏水性硅树脂、 聚四氟乙烯和聚偏氯乙烯中的一种或多种。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的覆膜颗粒, 其中, 所述透油阻水薄膜为亲油疏水性环 氧树脂、 亲油疏水性酚醛树脂、 亲油疏水性聚氨酯树脂、 亲油疏水性硅树脂、 聚四氟 乙烯和聚偏氯乙烯中的至少两种,任意两种亲油疏水性树脂之间的质量比为 1:0.1-10。
7、 根据权利要求 5或 6所述的覆膜颗粒, 其中,
所述亲油疏水性环氧树脂为縮水甘油醚类环氧树脂、 縮水甘油酯类环氧树脂、 縮 水甘油胺类环氧树脂、线型脂肪族类环氧树脂、脂环族类环氧树脂、聚硫橡胶改性环 氧树脂、聚酰胺树脂改性环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇叔丁醛改性环氧树脂、丁腈橡胶改性环 氧树脂、酚醛树脂改性环氧树脂、聚酯树脂改性环氧树脂、尿醛三聚氰胺树脂改性环 氧树脂、糠醛树脂改性环氧树脂、 乙烯树脂改性环氧树脂、异氰酸酯改性环氧树脂和 硅树脂改性环氧树脂中的一种或多种; 和 /或
所述亲油疏水性酚醛树脂为二甲苯改性酚醛树脂、 环氧树脂改性酚醛树脂和有机 硅改性酚醛树脂中的一种或多种。
8、根据权利要求 4-7中的任意一项所述的覆膜颗粒, 其中, 所述透油阻水薄膜中 还含有用于所述亲油疏水性树脂的固化剂,该固化剂与所述亲油疏水性树脂的重量比 为 1-25: 100。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的覆膜颗粒, 其中,
用于所述亲油疏水性环氧树脂的固化剂为脂肪胺、 脂环胺、 芳香胺及其改性体、 聚酰胺、 酸酐、叔胺及其盐、 多聚甲醛、 咪唑、 高分子预聚体、 过氧化酰类、仲甲醛、 蜜胺树脂中的一种或几种; 和 /或
用于所述亲油疏水性酚醛树脂的固化剂为六次甲基四胺; 和 /或
用于所述亲油疏水性聚氨酯树脂的固化剂为 TDI和 TMP的加成物、 TDI和含羟 基组份的预聚物及单组份潮气固化剂、 TDI的三聚体中的一种或几种;
用于所述亲油疏水性有机硅树脂的固化剂为二丁基二月桂酸锡和 Ν,Ν,Ν',Ν'-四甲 基胍盐中的一种或几种。
10、 根据权利要求 4-7中的任意一项所述的覆膜颗粒, 其中, 所述透油阻水薄膜 中还含有增塑剂, 该增塑剂与所述亲油疏水性树脂的重量比为 5-25: 100, 该增塑剂 为邻苯型二甲酸酯、 脂肪族二甲酸酯和磷酸酯中的一种或几种。
11、 根据权利要求 4-7中的任意一项所述的覆膜颗粒, 其中, 所述透油阻水薄膜 中还含有润滑剂, 该润滑剂与树脂的重量比为 1-10: 100, 该润滑剂选自聚乙烯蜡、 氧化聚乙烯蜡、硬脂酸酰胺、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌和乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺中的一种或几 种。
12、 根据权利要求 1所述的覆膜颗粒, 其中, 所述覆膜颗粒的球形度为 0.7以上, 和 /或所述覆膜颗粒的粒径在 20目至 40目之间。
13、 根据权利要求 3所述的覆膜颗粒, 其中,
所述硅氧烷为基于结构单元 R2SiO的硅氧烷, 其中 R为烷基; 和 /或
所述植物油包括亚麻子油、 豆油、 玉米油、 棉子油和低芥酸菜子油中的一种或几 种; 和 /或
所述烃包括煤油、 柴油、 原油、 石油馏出物、 脂族溶剂、 溶剂油和石蜡中的一种 或几种。
14、 一种采油方法, 其特征在于, 该方法使用权利要求 1-13中的任意一项所述的 覆膜颗粒作为压裂支撑剂。
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