WO2010105508A1 - 一种钙循环固相转化法从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法 - Google Patents
一种钙循环固相转化法从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010105508A1 WO2010105508A1 PCT/CN2010/000695 CN2010000695W WO2010105508A1 WO 2010105508 A1 WO2010105508 A1 WO 2010105508A1 CN 2010000695 W CN2010000695 W CN 2010000695W WO 2010105508 A1 WO2010105508 A1 WO 2010105508A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/08—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01F11/18—Carbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F5/00—Compounds of magnesium
- C01F5/14—Magnesium hydroxide
- C01F5/22—Magnesium hydroxide from magnesium compounds with alkali hydroxides or alkaline- earth oxides or hydroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
- C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/20—Obtaining alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/22—Obtaining magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/44—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of non-ferrous metallurgy, and particularly relates to a process for extracting lithium salt from salt lake brine, in particular to a method for extracting lithium salt from low magnesium lithium than salt lake brine.
- Lithium is an important non-ferrous metal. It is known as the "energy metal of the 21st century" and is widely used in many high-tech fields such as energy and aviation. It plays an extremely important role in the global economy.
- the global lithium resources can be divided into five types, namely pegmatite lithium, lithium brine, seawater lithium, hot spring lithium and accumulated lithium ore.
- the lithium resources currently used for exploitation are mainly pegmatite lithium ore and brine lithium ore. Most of the current global lithium consumption comes from brine lithium mines.
- the key to extracting lithium from salt lake brine is magnesium-lithium separation.
- the main methods used are:
- Precipitation method Including carbonate precipitation method, aluminate precipitation method, boron magnesium and boron lithium coprecipitation method, wherein the industrial production is carbonate precipitation method.
- the carbonization method mainly separates lithium carbonate from other elements by reacting lithium carbonate with carbon dioxide and water to form lithium bicarbonate having a relatively high solubility.
- the magnesium lithium chloride is calcined at a high temperature, and the cerium chloride is hydrolyzed to cerium oxide and is insoluble in water; the soluble lithium chloride in the calcined product is leached by water and separated from the magnesium.
- the adsorbent is selectively adsorbed by lithium ions to adsorb lithium ions, and then the lithium ions are washed down to achieve separation of lithium ions from other impurity ions.
- the most studied adsorbents are: layered composite oxide adsorbent, citrate adsorbent, amorphous hydroxide adsorbent, ion sieve type oxide adsorbent and aluminum salt adsorbent.
- Organic solvent extraction method By different distribution of different ions in the brine in an organic solvent and an aqueous solution, lithium is preferentially extracted into the organic phase, and then stripped to obtain a lithium salt.
- organic solvents such as TBP (tributyl phosphate) are used.
- the product has fine particle size, difficult filtration, and large lithium loss; the carbonization method is not easy to control, and the lithium yield is low; the calcination method has low magnesium removal rate and high energy consumption; and the adsorption method has low production efficiency due to low adsorbent capacity;
- the organic solvent extraction method causes environmental pollution to the salt lake area due to the water solubility of the organic matter. Therefore, researchers have been working hard to develop lithium salt lake brine extraction technology with high efficiency, low energy consumption, easy operation and no pollution to the environment. Summary of the invention
- the object of the present invention is to propose a hydrometallurgical process for extracting lithium from low-magnesium-lithium than salt lake brine in a short process, low cost, low investment, low energy consumption, convenient operation and no pollution to the environment.
- low-magnesium-lithium than salt lake brine refers to magnesium lithium after extracting potassium, boron, etc., or after preliminary magnesium removal (Mg/ Li) High-salt brine with a mass ratio of not more than 3.0;
- the water is reduced by salting or heating and evaporation in salt fields to make the lithium content of the solution reach 7 ⁇ 12g/L.
- the amount of lime milk added is based on the magnesium content in the concentrated brine mother liquor, and the CaO/Mg (mass ratio) is 2.5 to 2.8;
- the solid matter obtained by solid-liquid separation is magnesium hydroxide containing a small amount of calcium hydroxide, and washed.
- the solid material can be used to produce a raw material for the magnesium product, and the washing liquid returns to the step (1) to recover lithium;
- the solid-liquid separation solution is a calcium lithium solution.
- step (3) calcium in the solution is solid-phase converted by solid phase conversion with lithium carbonate solids; solid phase conversion reaction is carried out at 20 to 90 ° C, preferably 40 to 60 ° C ; solid lithium carbonate The amount of addition is Li 2 C0 3 /Ca (mass ratio) 2.0 ⁇ 2.2 according to the calcium content in the solution; the solid matter obtained by solid-liquid separation is calcium carbonate containing a small amount of lithium carbonate, dried and pyrolyzed into calcium oxide. Rehydrated to lime milk, the step (2) is used for demagnetization, and lithium is recovered; the solution obtained by solid-liquid separation is a lithium-rich solution.
- the purified lithium salt solution is evaporated and concentrated to a lithium content of not less than 20 g/L; the concentrated solution is filtered to remove the precipitate, and the sodium carbonate is precipitated and crystallized without adding a temperature.
- the lime milk produced in the step (5) is used for the magnesium removal in the step (2); and the lithium carbonate used for the separation of the calcium in the step (3) is produced in the step (4).
- the thermal energy of the concentrated brine can be directly used without heating;
- the calcium carbonate is removed in the step (3), the calcium-lithium solution after the magnesium removal can be directly used.
- the heat energy is not heated; in the above (4), the heat energy during concentration of the solution can be directly used, and the precipitation and crystallization of lithium carbonate can be performed without heating; in the process, only the external energy supply, the solid phase conversion process and the precipitation crystallization are used in the concentration process. The process does not require heating.
- the invention is based on the precipitation method and the solid phase conversion method, and the magnesium in the solution is reacted with the solid calcium hydroxide to be converted into solid magnesium hydroxide, and the calcium in the solution is reacted with the solid lithium carbonate to be converted into solid calcium carbonate. Because of the solid phase conversion reaction, the reaction has a small degree of supersaturation and sufficient seed crystals, so that the precipitated crystalline product has a good crystal form, large particles, easy to be filtered and washed, and the lithium loss of the precipitated carrier is small.
- the solid phase conversion reaction is used to carry out precipitation crystallization of ions in the solution, which is easy to control and convenient to operate, and the process has high production efficiency.
- the lithium-magnesium separation in the brine is carried out by a series of precipitation reaction combinations of closed cycles of calcium, and the precipitation crystallization in the precipitation reaction process is complete, the separation is clean, the selectivity is high, and the use of inexpensive elements is recycled, and the types of raw materials are small, Greatly reduce material costs.
- the lithium carbonate mixed in the precipitate during the precipitation of calcium carbonate is recovered by a production process through a calcium circulation process to increase the recovery rate of lithium.
- the lime milk (calcium hydroxide) raw material used in the solid phase transformation and demagnetization process is transferred to a solution after being demagnetized, and then converted into calcium carbonate by a solid phase of lithium carbonate, and then dried by a pyrolysis and hydration to recover. Self-produced, closed loop.
- the raw material lithium carbonate is the final product of the process, and it is also self-produced.
- Calcium carbonate is used to remove calcium without sodium carbonate. Only sodium carbonate is used in the final lithium carbonate precipitation crystallization process. Sodium is not introduced prematurely in the process stream, simplifying the material system of the entire process.
- Solid phase conversion and precipitation crystallization processes at higher temperatures, give better results.
- the invention adopts reasonable process conditions, utilizes the energy of the solution supplied by the concentration process, no longer supplies external energy during solid phase conversion and precipitation crystallization, rationally configures equipment and facilities, and reduces heat loss during operation and transportation. Meet the temperature requirements of the solid phase conversion and precipitation crystallization process.
- the evaporation concentration process is the main energy consuming step.
- the solid reactant is used for the solid phase conversion reaction, which reduces the expansion of the material system and reduces the evaporation amount and energy consumption.
- the precipitation reaction adopts a solid precipitant, and the process material system expands less, so that the process has large capacity and high efficiency.
- the solid phase is used for demagnetization and calcium removal.
- the precipitant is solid.
- the solid-liquid reaction has a much smaller volume than the liquid-liquid reaction, or much larger reaction capacity. The process produces less expansion and reduces evaporation. Quantity, which makes the process capacity large, efficient.
- the method for extracting lithium salt from salt lake brine comprises four main unit operations of brine concentration, magnesium removal, calcium removal, precipitation crystallization, and a dry-pyrolysis-hydration series operation of calcareous reactant regeneration.
- the process is simple and the process is short. Due to the rational use of unit operations, comprehensive utilization of resources in the invention, calcium closed circuit, the use of self-produced lime milk and lithium carbonate, no other new impurities are added to the system, no complicated impurity removal or separation steps are used, and the lithium extraction cost is low. .
- the embodiment uses a low magnesium to magnesium ratio (Mg/Li) salt lake brine, which refers to a low magnesium lithium to salt water after extracting potassium, boron, etc., or a low magnesium to calcium brine after a preliminary magnesium removal from a salt lake brine.
- the magnesium to lithium ratio (mass ratio) is required to be not more than 3.0.
- Low-magnesium-lithium is dehydrated and concentrated than salt lake brine.
- the content of lithium and magnesium in concentrated brine is 7.4g/L and 20.8g/L respectively; the temperature of brine is 94 ⁇ .
- the reactor is continuously stirred, and the hot concentrated brine is slowly added to the reactor; the reaction time is 180 tnin.
- the hot demagnesium solution is slowly added to the stirred decalcification reactor, and the reaction time is 60 min ;
- the decalcifying solution is concentrated to a lithium-containing 21.0 g/L, and lithium carbonate is precipitated by sodium carbonate at a temperature of not less than 90 Torr to obtain lithium carbonate.
- Example 2
- Low-magnesium-lithium is dehydrated and concentrated than salt lake brine.
- the content of lithium and magnesium in concentrated brine is 1 1.5g L, 27.6g/L , and the temperature of brine is 97t:.
- the decalcifying solution is concentrated to a lithium-containing 24.0 g/L, and lithium carbonate is precipitated by sodium carbonate at a temperature of not less than 90 Torr to obtain lithium carbonate.
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Description
一种钙循环固相转化法从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法 技术领域
本发明属于有色金属冶金领域, 具体涉及一种从盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的工艺方法, 尤其 是一种从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法。
背景技术
锂是重要的有色金属, 被誉为 "21世纪的能源金属", 在能源、航空般天等许多高新技术 领域广泛应用, 在全球经济中占有极其重要的地位。 全球锂资源可分为五种类型, 即伟晶岩 锂、 卤水锂、 海水锂、 温泉锂和堆积锂矿等, 目前开采利用的锂资源主要是伟晶岩锂矿和卤 水锂矿。 当前全球大部分锂消耗来源于卤水锂矿。
目前从盐湖卤水提锂的技术关键为镁锂分离, 采用的主要方法有:
( 1 ) 沉淀法。 包括碳酸盐沉淀法、 铝酸盐沉淀法、 硼镁和硼锂共沉淀法, 其中, 实现工 业生产的是碳酸盐沉淀法。
(2) 碳化法。 碳化法的主要依据碳酸锂和二氧化碳、 水反应生成溶解度较大的碳酸氢锂 从而将卤水中锂与其它元素分离。
(3) 煅烧浸取法。 镁锂氯化物在高温下煅烧, 氯化锾水解为氧化锾而不溶于水; 煅烧产 物中可溶氯化锂经水浸出, 与镁分离。
(4) 吸附法。 利用对锂离子有选择性吸附的吸附剂来吸附锂离子, 再将锂离子洗下来, 达到锂离子与其它杂质离子分离的目的。 研究较多的吸附剂有: 层状复合氧化物吸附剂、 锑 酸盐吸附剂、 无定型氢氧化物吸附剂、 离子筛型氧化物吸附剂和铝盐吸附剂。
(5) 有机溶剂萃取法。 利用卤水中不同离子在有机溶剂和水溶液中的不同分配, 优先将 锂萃入有机相中, 再反萃得到锂盐。 目前使用有机溶剂有 TBP (磷酸三丁脂) 等。
尽管使用的方法众多, 但存在不同程度的不足。 如沉淀法中产物粒度细、 过滤难、 锂损 失大; 碳化法不易于控制、 锂收率低; 煅烧法除镁率低、 能耗高; 吸附法由于吸附剂容量低 而引起生产效率低; 有机溶剂萃取法由于有机物的水溶性造成对盐湖区的环境污染。 因此, 研究者们一直在努力研究开发效率高、 能耗低、 便于操作、 不污染环境的盐湖卤水提锂技术。 发明内容
本发明的目的旨在提出一种短流程、 低成本、 少投入, 降低能耗, 操作方便、 不污染环 境的从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂的湿法冶金方法。
本发明通过下列技术方案实现的, 包括以下工艺步骤;
确认本
( 1 ) 卤水浓缩: 将低镁锂比盐湖卤水蒸发, 浓缩; ,
(2)石灰乳脱镁: 将浓缩后母液与石灰乳混合, 进行固相转化反应, 通过氢氧化钙向氢氧化 镁的固相转化, 卤水中镁形成氢氧化镁, 通过过滤进行固液分离, 将卤水中镁以氢氧化镁形 态脱除; 同时, 固相氢氧化钙中的钙以离子形态转入溶液中;
(3 )碳酸锂分离钙: 将脱镁后的钙锂液与固体碳酸锂混合, 进行固相转化反应, 通过碳酸锂 向碳酸钙的固相转化, 过滤分离, 将溶液中钙以碳酸钙形态分离除去, 得到净化锂盐溶液; (4)锂盐浓缩一沉淀结晶碳酸锂及碳酸钙热分解一水化: 将 (3)步得到的净化锂盐溶液蒸发浓 缩, 加入碳酸钠与锂盐反应, 沉淀结晶碳酸锂; 将 (3)步得到的得到的碳酸钙进行热分解得到 生石灰, 再经水化得石灰乳, 返至 (2)步中脱镁。
本发明用钙循环固相转化法从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法, 低镁锂比盐湖卤水 是指经过提取钾、 硼等、 或经初步脱镁后的镁锂 (Mg/Li)质量比不大于 3.0的高盐浓度卤水; 采用盐田晒蒸或加热蒸发的方式减除水分, 使溶液锂含量达到 7~12g/L。
本发明用钙循环固相转化法从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法, 工艺步骤 (2)步, 固 相转化反应在 20~90°C下进行, 优选 50~70°C ; 石灰乳的加入量根据浓縮卤水母液中含镁量, 以 CaO/Mg (质量比) 为 2.5~2.8计; 固液分离得到的固体物为含有少量氢氧化钙的氢氧化镁, 经洗涤, 固体物可用于生产镁产品的原料, 洗涤液返步骤(1 ) 回收锂; 固液分离得到的溶液 为钙锂溶液。
所述的步骤 (3)中, 溶液中钙通过与碳酸锂固体的固相转化反应形成固体碳酸钙; 固相转 化反应在 20~90°C下进行, 优选 40~60°C ; 固体碳酸锂的加入量按溶液中含钙量计为 Li2C03/Ca (质量比) 2.0~2.2; 固液分离得到的固体物为含有少量碳酸锂的碳酸钙, 经干燥、 热解为氧 化钙, 再水化为石灰乳, 返步骤 (2) 用于脱镁, 同时回收锂; 固液分离得到的溶液为富锂溶 液。
所述的步骤 (4) 中将净化锂盐溶液蒸发, 浓缩至锂含量达不少于 20g/L; 浓缩液经过滤 去除沉淀物, 不经降温, 加入碳酸钠进行碳酸锂的沉淀结晶。
所述的步骤 (5 ) 中产生的石灰乳用于步骤 (2) 中脱镁; 步骤 (3) 中分离钙所用的碳酸 锂为步骤 (4) 中生产。
所述 (2) 步中石灰乳脱镁时, 可直接利用浓縮卤水的热能, 不进行加热; 所述 (3) 步 中碳酸锂除钙时, 可直接利用脱镁后的钙锂液的热能, 也不加热; 所述 (4) 中, 可直接利用 溶液浓缩时的热能, 不加热进行碳酸锂的沉淀结晶; 工艺中, 只需浓缩工序使用外供能量, 固相转化过程和沉淀结晶过程可不需加热。 本发明的优点和积极效果充分体现在:
1、 采用固相转化法脱镁和除钙, 沉淀结晶形态好, 易于过滤和洗涤, 锂损失少。
本发明以沉淀法为原型、 固相转化法为基础, 使溶液中镁与固体氢氧化钙反应转化为固 体氢氧化镁、 溶液中钙与固体碳酸锂反应转化为固体碳酸钙。 由于是固相转化反应, 反应具 有小的过饱和度, 且有足够的晶种, 使沉淀结晶产物晶型好、 颗粒大、 易于过滤和洗涤, 沉 淀载带的锂损失少。
采用固相转化反应进行溶液中离子的沉淀结晶, 易于控制、 方便操作, 使工艺具有较高 的生产效率。
2、 采用钙元素封闭循环, 降低提锂生产成本、 减少对环境的污染。
采用钙元素的封闭循环的系列沉淀反应组合进行卤水中锂镁分离, 利用沉淀反应过程的 沉淀结晶完全、 分离干净、 选择性高的特点, 同时利用廉价元素进行循环使用, 且原材料种 类少, 较大程度地降低材料成本。
在沉淀碳酸钙过程中混入沉淀物中的碳酸锂, 通过钙循环过程进行生产体系而得到回收, 提高锂的回收率。
在整个工艺中, 表观上只使用了碳酸钠一种化工材料进行盐湖卤水中镁锂分离提取碳酸 锂, 钙质循环使用, 只需少量补充; 主要副产物为氢氧化镁、 氯化钠, 不污染环境, 且可综 合利用。
3、 发明中合理配置工序、 充分利用过程中自产物, 简化物质体系。 '
本发明中固相转化脱镁过程中使用的石灰乳 (氢氧化钙) 原料, 经过脱镁转入溶液, 再 经碳酸锂固相转化为碳酸钙, 再干燥一热解一水化而恢复, 自产自用、 封闭循环。
固相转化除钙过程中, 反应原料碳酸锂则为工艺的最终产物, 也属于自产自用。
用碳酸锂除钙而不用碳酸钠除钙, 只在最后碳酸锂沉淀结晶工序中使用碳酸钠, 没有在 工艺的物质流中过早引入钠, 简化了整个工艺的物质体系。
4、 合理利用热能, 能量效率高, 能耗低。
固相转化和沉淀结晶过程, 在较高温度下进行会产生较好的结果。 本发明采用合理的工 艺条件, 利用浓缩过程供给溶液的能量, 在固相转化和沉淀结晶过程中不再外供能量加热, 合理配置设备设施, 减少物质在操作和转运过程中的热损耗, 以满足固相转化和沉淀结晶过 程的温度要求。
蒸发浓縮过程是主要的耗能步骤, 本发明中采用固体反应剂进行固相转化反应, 减少了 物质体系的膨胀, 降低了蒸发量和能耗。
工艺中只对蒸发浓缩过程外加能量, 通过合理利用热能, 实现了能量的高效利用, 单位 能耗低。
5、 沉淀反应采用固体沉淀剂, 工艺过程物质体系膨胀少, 使工艺具有产能大、 效率高。 采用固相转化脱镁和除钙, 沉淀剂分别为固体物, 固一液反应具有比液一液反应小得多 的体积、 或大得多的反应容量; 工艺过程产生膨胀少、 降低了蒸发量, 从而使得工艺产能大、
效率高。
6、 流程简洁、 成本低;
本发明从盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法, 包括卤水浓缩、 脱镁、 除钙、 沉淀结晶等 4个主要 单元操作, 和 1个钙质反应物再生的干燥一热解一水化系列操作, 工艺简洁, 流程短。 由于在 发明中合理使用单元操作、 综合利用资源, 钙闭路循环、 利用自产石灰乳和碳酸锂, 不向体 系增加其他新的杂质、 不使用繁杂的除杂或分离步骤, 使得提锂成本低。
附图说明
附图为本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施对本发明做进一步描述。 本发明可以按发明内容的任一方式实施。 这 些实施例的给出决不是限制本发明。
实施例使用低镁锂比 (Mg/Li ) 盐湖卤水, 是指经过提取钾、 硼等的低镁锂比盐湖卤水, 或高镁锂比盐湖卤水经初步脱镁后的低镁锂比卤水, 要求镁锂比 (质量比) 不大于 3.0。 实施例 1
A. 取低镁锂比盐湖卤水经脱水浓縮, 浓缩卤水中锂、 镁含量分别为 7.4g/L、 20.8g/L; 卤水 温度 94Ό。
Β. 按液固比 3: 1于反应器 (脱镁器) 内加水, 搅拌; 按 CaO/Mg (质量比) 2.8计取生石灰 ( CaO) 加入脱镁反应器内水中, 形成石灰乳。
C. 反应器不断搅拌, 缓慢将热浓缩卤水加入反应器内; 加料反应时间 180tnin。
D. 趁热过滤, 洗涤; 洗涤液返回用于配制石灰乳; 过滤溶液 (脱镁液) 温度 62V , 主要成 分 ( g/L ) 为: 锂 6.3, 镁<0.1, 钙 29.5。
E. 按液固比 3:1于反应器(脱钙器) 内加水, 搅拌; 按 Li2C03/Ca (质量比) 2.0计取碳酸锂 加入脱钙反应器内水中, 形成碳酸锂浆液。
F. 将热脱镁液缓慢加入搅拌的脱钙反应器内, 加料反应时间 60min ;
G. 趁热过滤, 洗涤; 洗涤液返回用于配制碳酸锂浆液; 过滤溶液(脱钙液)温度 43 °C, 成分 为 (g/L ): 5.3 , 镁 <0.01 , 钙 <0.01。
H. 将脱钙液浓缩至含锂 21.0g/L, 趁热在不低于 90Ό下用碳酸钠沉淀结晶法得到碳酸锂。 实施例 2
A. 取低镁锂比盐湖卤水经脱水浓缩, 浓缩卤水中锂、 镁含量分别为 1 1.5g L、 27.6g/L; 卤水 温度 97t:。
B. 按液固比 3: 1 于反应器 (脱镇器) 内加水, 搅拌; 按 CaO/Mg (质量比) 2.5计取生石灰 (CaO)加入脱镁反应器内水中, 形成石灰乳。
C. 反应器不断搅拌, 缓慢将热浓缩卤水加入反应器内; 加料反应时间 120min。
D. 趁热过滤, 洗涤; 洗涤液返回用于配制石灰乳; 过滤溶液 (脱镁液)温度 68°C, 主要成 分 (g/L) 为: 锂 9.5, 镁<0.1 , 钙 38.0。 .
E. 按液固比 2.5:1于反应器 (脱钙器) 内加水, 搅拌; 按 Li2C03/Ca (质量比) 2.2计取碳酸 锂加入脱钙反应器内水中, 形成碳酸锂浆液。
F. 将热脱镁液缓慢加入搅拌的脱钙反应器内, 加料反应时间 90min;
G 趁热过滤, 洗涤; 洗涤液返回用于配制碳酸锂桨液; 过滤溶液(脱钙液)温度 52°C, 成分 为 (g L): 锂 7.8, 镁<0.01, 钙<0.01。
H. 将脱钙液浓縮至含锂 24.0g/L, 趁热在不低于 90Ό下用碳酸钠沉淀结晶法得到碳酸锂。
Claims
1、 钙循环固相转化法从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下工艺步 骤- ( 1 ) 卤水浓缩: 将低镁锂比盐湖卤水蒸发, 浓缩;
(2)石灰乳脱镁: 将 (1)步浓缩后母液与石灰乳混合, 进行固相转化反应, 通过氢氧化钙向氢 氧化镁的固相转化, 以氢氧化镁形态脱除母液中镁;
(3 )碳酸锂分离钙: 将脱镁后的钙锂液与固体碳酸锂混合, 进行固相转化反应, 通过碳酸锂 向碳酸钙的固相转化, 以碳酸钙形态分离除去溶液中钙后得到净化锂盐溶液;
(4)锂盐浓缩一沉淀结晶碳酸锂及碳酸钙热分解一水化: 将 (3)步得到的净化锂盐蒸发浓缩; 加入碳酸钠与之反应, 沉淀结晶碳酸锂; 将 (3)步得到的碳酸钙进行热分解得到生石灰, 再经 水化得石灰乳, 返至 (2)步中脱镁。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的钙循环固相转化法从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法, 其特征 在于:低镁锂比盐湖卤水是指经过提取钾和硼,或是经初步脱镁后的高盐浓度卤水,镁锂 Mg/Li 质量比不大于 3.0。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的钙循环固相转化法从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法, 其特征 在于: 所述(1 ) 步中, 蒸发减除水分采用的是盐田晒蒸或是加热蒸发; 蒸发至溶液锂含量达 到 7~12g/L。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的钙循环固相转化法从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法, 其特征 在于: 所述 (2) 步中, 按浓缩卤水母液中含镁量计, 以 CaO/Mg的质量比为 2.5~2.8加入石灰 乳; 固相转化反应在 20~90°C下进行。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 4所述的钙循环固相转化法从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法, 其特 征在于: 所述的 (2)步中固相转化反应后固液分离得到的固体物为含有少量氢氧化钙的氢氧化 镁, 经洗涤, 固体物可用于生产镁产品的原料, 洗涤液返步骤 (1 ) 回收锂。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的钙循环固相转化法从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法, 其特征 在于: 所述(3)步中, 与脱镁后的钙锂作用的碳酸锂, 按溶液中含钙量计为 Li2C03/Ca的质量 比为 2.0 2.2; 固相转化反应在 20~90°C下进行。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的钙循环固相转化法从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法, 其特征 在于: 所述的步骤 (4) 中将净化锂盐溶液蒸发, 浓缩至锂含量达不少于 20g/L; 浓缩液经过 滤去除沉淀物, 不经降温, 加入碳酸钠进行碳酸锂的沉淀结晶。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的钙循环固相转化法从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法, 其特征 在于: 所述的步骤 (3 ) 中分离钙所用的碳酸锂为步骤 (4) 中生产。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的钙循环固相转化法从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法, 其特征
在于: 所述 (2) 步中石灰乳脱镁时, 直接利用浓缩卤水的热能。
10、 根据权利要求 1中所述钙循环固相转化法从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法, 其特征 在于: (3 ) 步中碳酸锂除钙时, 直接利用脱镁后的钙锂液的热能。
1 1、 根据权利要求 1中所述钙循环固相转化法从低镁锂比盐湖卤水中提取锂盐的方法, 其特征 在于: 所述 (4) 中, 直接利用溶液浓缩时的热能, 进行碳酸锂的沉淀结晶。
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| CN114394609B (zh) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-11-24 | 广东台泉环保科技有限公司 | 一种盐湖提锂尾液制备氢氧化锂的方法 |
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| CN114477236B (zh) * | 2022-01-28 | 2023-09-15 | 江西晶昊盐化有限公司 | 一种钙卤净化方法及pH值的调整方法 |
| CN116445732A (zh) * | 2023-01-19 | 2023-07-18 | 礼思(上海)材料科技有限公司 | 一种基于吸附法利用沉锂母液制备锂产品的方法 |
| WO2025043522A1 (zh) * | 2023-08-30 | 2025-03-06 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | 一种利用流动电极盐湖提锂的方法及盐湖提锂装置 |
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| CN101508450B (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
| CN101508450A (zh) | 2009-08-19 |
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