WO2010100929A1 - 光電変換素子およびその製造方法、光センサならびに太陽電池 - Google Patents
光電変換素子およびその製造方法、光センサならびに太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010100929A1 WO2010100929A1 PCT/JP2010/001507 JP2010001507W WO2010100929A1 WO 2010100929 A1 WO2010100929 A1 WO 2010100929A1 JP 2010001507 W JP2010001507 W JP 2010001507W WO 2010100929 A1 WO2010100929 A1 WO 2010100929A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- photoelectric conversion
- group
- conversion element
- photoelectrode
- counter electrode
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- -1 nitroxyl radical compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005499 phosphonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 51
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 13
- DYUUGILMVYJEHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-$l^{1}-oxidanyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3-oxido-2-phenylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C)(C)N([O])C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=[N+]1[O-] DYUUGILMVYJEHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002265 redox agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001810 isothiocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=S 0.000 description 3
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cyclopentane Natural products CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VUZNLSBZRVZGIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinol Chemical group CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1O VUZNLSBZRVZGIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O Piperidinium(1+) Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]CC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrazolium Chemical compound C1=CN[NH+]=C1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YLFIGGHWWPSIEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoxyl Chemical class [O]N YLFIGGHWWPSIEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 1H-indol-1-ium Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[NH2+]C=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dipyridin-2-ylpyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFPQDYSOPQHZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypropanenitrile Chemical compound COC(C)C#N SFPQDYSOPQHZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSSNLQPWTLQYTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1-hydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3-oxidoimidazol-3-ium-2-yl)benzoic acid Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C)(C)N(O)C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(O)=O)=[N+]1[O-] QSSNLQPWTLQYTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylpyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016467 AlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSYKAEYUTVFNPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru+2].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC Chemical compound [Ru+2].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC XSYKAEYUTVFNPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004062 acenaphthenyl group Chemical group C1(CC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC1=C23)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000499 benzofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004541 benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-O butylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[NH3+] HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- AQCDIIAORKRFCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium selenide Chemical compound [Cd]=[Se] AQCDIIAORKRFCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000332 coumarinyl group Chemical class O1C(=O)C(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005509 dibenzothiophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;1,2-oxazole Chemical compound C=1C=[NH+]OC=1 CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;1,3-oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=[NH+]1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=C[NH+]=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005956 isoquinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroxyl Chemical class O=N ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005412 pyrazyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
- H01G9/2013—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte the electrolyte comprising ionic liquids, e.g. alkyl imidazolium iodide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
- H01G9/2018—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte characterised by the ionic charge transport species, e.g. redox shuttles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion element, a manufacturing method thereof, an optical sensor, and a solar cell.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell (Gretzel type) proposed by Gretzer et al. Of Lausanne Institute of Technology in Switzerland in 1991 achieved conversion efficiency similar to that of an amorphous material, despite a relatively inexpensive material and a simple manufacturing process. It was. For this reason, its practical use is expected as a next-generation solar cell.
- a Gretzel type dye-sensitized solar cell includes a photoelectrode in which a porous semiconductor is formed by adsorbing a dye having a light absorption ability on a conductive substrate, and a counter electrode made of a conductive substrate opposite to the photoelectrode. And an electrolyte layer (charge transport layer) held between the electrodes.
- an electrolyte layer charge transport layer held between the electrodes.
- electrons are injected from a light-absorbed excitation dye into a semiconductor electrode, and the electrons move to the dye by an oxidation reaction of a Redox agent in an electrolyte. And it functions as a battery by the redox agent in electrolyte being reduced again by the counter electrode side.
- a spectral sensitizing dye made of a transition metal complex as in Patent Document 1. More specifically, as a spectral sensitizing dye, cis-bis (isothiocyanato) -bis- (2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid) ruthenium (II) ditetratetrahydrochloride which is a kind of bipyridine complex is used. There is a butylammonium complex (commonly known as N719), which is excellent in performance as a sensitizing dye and is generally used.
- ruthenium (II) (common name: N3), which is a type of bipyridine complex, and a type of terpyridine complex Tris (isothiocyanato) (2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ′′ -terpyridyl-4,4 ′, 4 ′′ -tricarboxylic acid) ruthenium (II) tritetrabutylammonium complex (commonly known as black dye) is commonly used. Used for. In recent years, organic materials containing no metal complex such as derivatives of coumarin-based materials have been reported.
- a redox agent composed of iodine / iodide ions is used as a nitrile organic solvent or an ionic liquid with low volatility between a semiconductor electrode and a counter electrode.
- a method of injecting a dissolved electrolyte is common.
- Patent Document 2 describes that the solidification is performed by gelation in order to prevent leakage of liquid to the outside.
- TEMPO 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl
- the Gretzel type dye-sensitized solar cell has been described above as an example. Although various studies have been made on such photoelectric conversion elements, there is still room for improvement in terms of practicality.
- the objective of this invention is providing the photoelectric conversion element excellent in practicality.
- a photoelectrode composed of a semiconductor layer and a transparent conductive substrate; A counter electrode provided facing the photoelectrode; Including There is provided a photoelectric conversion element mainly including a nitroxyl radical compound represented by the following general formula (1) between the photoelectrode and the counter electrode.
- A is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, which may contain one or more oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, boron, or halogen atoms.
- the group may be a condensation of a plurality of aromatic groups.
- an optical sensor including the photoelectric conversion element is provided. Moreover, according to this invention, the solar cell containing the said photoelectric conversion element is provided.
- the compound having the specific structure represented by the general formula (1) by using the compound having the specific structure represented by the general formula (1), it is not necessary to use iodine for the electrolyte layer, and a photoelectric conversion element having excellent practicality can be realized. .
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a photoelectric conversion element in the present embodiment.
- the photoelectric conversion element 100 shown in FIG. 1 is provided with a photoelectrode 101 composed of a semiconductor layer (porous semiconductor layer 106) and a transparent conductive substrate (transparent electrode 104) facing the photoelectrode 101.
- Counter electrode transparent electrode 107.
- the photoelectrode 101 is made of a substrate (transparent conductive substrate, transparent electrode 104) having a porous semiconductor layer 106.
- the transparent electrode 107 is laminated facing the photoelectrode 101.
- 4,4,5,5-tetraalkylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3- represented by the following general formula (1) It mainly contains nitroxyl radical compounds having an oxide structure. Here, mainly including means that 50% by weight or more of a compound having light absorption ability and redox ability is contained.
- the organic radical compound is used as a liquid by dissolving it in one or more of an organic solvent, a molten salt, and an ionic liquid, for example.
- a transparent conductive substrate formed with a porous semiconductor layer 106 is used as the photoelectrode 101.
- the conductive substrate may be a substrate having conductivity, or a conductive layer formed on the substrate.
- the substrate include a glass substrate, a plastic substrate, and a metal substrate.
- a highly transparent substrate transparent electrode 1014 is particularly preferable.
- a conductive layer is formed on a substrate, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO), indium zinc oxide (IZO) ) And a transparent conductive layer such as tin oxide (SnO 2 ) can be used.
- the transparent conductive layer may be formed in a film shape on the entire surface or a part of the surface of the substrate.
- the method for forming the conductive layer, the film thickness, and the like can be selected as appropriate, but it is desirable that the surface resistance value is low, specifically 20 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- an n-type inorganic semiconductor As a semiconductor material constituting the semiconductor layer, an n-type inorganic semiconductor is desirable.
- the n-type inorganic semiconductor include known semiconductors such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, tungsten oxide, strontium titanate, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, iron sulfide, and cadmium selenium. Two or more kinds of these semiconductor materials can be mixed and used. Among these, it is preferable that it is comprised with the semiconductor material containing a titanium oxide from the point of conversion efficiency, stability, and safety
- titanium oxide examples include anatase-type titanium oxide, rutile-type titanium oxide, amorphous titanium oxide, various titanium oxides such as metatitanic acid and orthotitanic acid, and titanium-containing titanium oxide composites.
- anatase-type titanium oxide is preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the stability of photoelectric conversion.
- Examples of the shape of the semiconductor layer include a porous semiconductor layer 106 obtained by sintering semiconductor fine particles, a thin-film semiconductor layer obtained by a sol-gel method, a sputtering method, a spray pyrolysis method, and the like, and other fiber shapes. It can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose of use of the photoelectric conversion element such as a semiconductor layer or a semiconductor layer made of needle crystals. Among these, a semiconductor layer having a large specific surface area is particularly preferable, and a porous semiconductor layer 106 formed from semiconductor fine particles is preferable from the viewpoint that the utilization factor of incident light can be adjusted by the particle size of the semiconductor fine particles.
- the primary particle of the semiconductor may have an average particle size of, for example, 10 nm or more and 80 nm or less.
- fine particles having a particle size of 100 nm or more.
- the semiconductor layer may be a single layer or a multilayer. By forming a multilayer, a sufficiently thick semiconductor layer can be more easily formed.
- the counter electrode 102 examples include those in which a metal catalyst such as platinum or a carbon film is present as the conductive layer 108 on a support substrate (transparent electrode 107).
- the film thickness at this time may be any thickness that can exhibit the catalytic function, and is preferably about 1 to 2000 nm, and the surface area should be as high as possible.
- the counter electrode 102 includes a glass or polymer film formed with a transparent conductive layer such as ITO or a metal thin film such as SUS.
- the conductive layer 108 specifically includes a catalyst part having a catalytic function of oxidizing and reducing radicals, and a current collecting part. The catalyst part and the current collecting part may be formed of the same material, or may be formed of different materials.
- the transparent electrode 107 made of glass or plastic as the support substrate and to form the current collecting portion on the transparent electrode 107. Further, in the W-type stack module described later in the second embodiment, the current collector is formed of a transparent member.
- an organic compound holding layer 103 impregnated and held with a nitroxyl radical compound that functions as a dye sensitizer and redox agent is provided between the photoelectrode 101 and the counter electrode 102.
- the nitroxyl radical compound is held between the photoelectrode 101 and the counter electrode 102 as a solution dissolved in one or more selected from the group consisting of an organic solvent, a molten salt, and an ionic liquid.
- Organic radical compounds that function as both dye sensitizers and redox agents are nitroxyl compounds that have a nitroxyl cation structure in the oxidized state and a nitroxyl radical structure in the reduced state, and absorb from visible light to the infrared wavelength region. It is preferable to have a band. Specifically, it is preferably composed of a nitroxyl radical compound having a 4,4,5,5-tetraalkylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide structure represented by the following general formula (1).
- the organic compound holding layer 103 can include one or more compounds as the compound represented by the following general formula (1). From the viewpoint of further improving the operational stability of the device,
- the compound shown in 1) preferably contains a single compound.
- A is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, which may contain one or more oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, boron or halogen atoms, However, it may be a product in which a plurality of aromatic groups are condensed.
- A is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group.
- the aromatic group in the present invention means a cyclic unsaturated organic substituent, and specifically includes an aromatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, a condensed polycyclic aromatic group, and the like.
- aromatic group A more specifically, phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, tetrakisphenyl group, styryl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, acenaphthenyl group, fluorenyl group, phenanthryl group, indenyl group, pyrenyl group, Pyridyl group, bipyridyl group, pyrariayl group, pyrimidyl group, pyrazyl group, furanyl group, pyronyl group, thiophenyl group, isoquinolyl group, imidazolyl group, benzofuranyl group, benzothiophenyl group, indolyl group, carbazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, A quinoxalyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, and
- A is preferably a kind of group selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group, a pyridyl group and a bipyridyl group.
- A is preferably a kind of group selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group, a pyridyl group and a bipyridyl group.
- a greater effect can be obtained by using 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide represented by the following formula (2) in which A is a phenyl group. .
- a compound represented by the general formula (1) a plurality of the following compounds may be used in combination.
- an alkoxy group for example, 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- a hydroxyl group for example, a hydroxyalkyl group (for example, 1 to 5 carbon atoms), a sulfonic acid group, an ester group (for example, 1 to 5 carbon atoms)
- an interlock group such as a mercapto group and a phosphonyl group
- the interlock group provides an electrical bond that facilitates electron transfer between the excited dye and the conduction band of the semiconductor.
- the hydroxyl group or carboxyl group may form a salt with a metal ion such as lithium, sodium, magnesium, potassium, or calcium.
- a dimer in which the 4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide structure is connected in two a trimer in which three are connected, a tetramer in which four are connected, an oligomer in which a plurality are connected, Alternatively, it may be a part of a polymer connected in a large number.
- the shape of the polymer may be chain, cyclic or branched.
- the nitroxyl radical compound is held between the photoelectrode 101 and the counter electrode 102, for example, as a solution dissolved in one or more selected from the group consisting of an organic solvent, a molten salt, and an ionic liquid.
- nitroxyl organic compounds are desirably dispersed in an appropriate solvent and used as a dispersion or solution.
- the solvent examples include nitrogen-containing compounds such as N-methylpyrrolidone and N, N-dimethylformamide as organic solvents; Nitrile compounds such as methoxypropionitrile and acetonitrile; Lactone compounds such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and valerolactone; Carbonate compounds such as ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate; Ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether; Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol; imidazoles and the like can be mentioned, and these can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- nitrogen-containing compounds such as N-methylpyrrolidone and N, N-dimethylformamide as organic solvents
- Nitrile compounds such as methoxypropionitrile and acetonitrile
- Lactone compounds such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and va
- an ionic liquid that is, a molten salt
- ionic liquids are disclosed in “Inorg. Chem.” 1996, 35, p1168-1178, “Electrochemistry” 2002.2, p130-136, JP 9-507334 A, JP 8-259543 A, etc.
- the salt having a melting point lower than room temperature (25 ° C.) or a melting point higher than room temperature is not particularly limited as long as it can be generally used in known batteries and solar cells. Even if it has, the salt which liquefies at room temperature by dissolving other molten salt and additives other than molten salt is used preferably.
- the anion of the molten salt includes metal chlorides such as AlCl 4 ⁇ and Al 2 C 17 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ , N (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ⁇ , CF 3.
- Fluorine-containing materials such as COO ⁇ , NO 3 ⁇ , CH 3 COO ⁇ , C 6 H 11 COO ⁇ , CH 3 OSO 3 ⁇ , CH 3 OSO 2 ⁇ , CH 3 SO 3 ⁇ , CH 3 SO 2 ⁇ , (CH Non-fluorine compounds such as 3 O) 2 PO 2 — and halides such as chlorine, bromine and iodine are included.
- Molten salt can be synthesized by methods known in various literatures and publications. Taking a quaternary ammonium salt as an example, a quaternization of an amine is performed using a tertiary amine as an alkylating agent as an alkylating agent as a first step, and an ion exchange from a halide anion to a target anion is performed as a second step. Can be used. Alternatively, there is a method in which a tertiary amine is reacted with an acid having a target anion to obtain the target compound in one step. Specifically, these organic compound solutions are used by being sealed between the semiconductor layer and the counter electrode.
- Step 11 preparing a semiconductor electrode (photoelectrode 101) made of a porous semiconductor material
- Step 12 a step of disposing a counter electrode (counter electrode 102) facing the photoelectrode 101
- step 13 an organic compound solution (liquid containing a dye and an electrolyte) between the photoelectrode 101 and the counter electrode 102 Impregnating and holding.
- the dye and electrolyte used in Step 13 include the compound represented by the general formula (1).
- the photoelectrode 101 and the counter electrode 102 are laminated so that the porous semiconductor layer 106 of the photoelectrode 101 and the conductive layer 108 of the counter electrode 102 face each other.
- a basic structure can be obtained by injecting an organic compound solution 109 containing a nitroxyl radical compound and an organic solvent into the organic compound holding layer 103 between both electrodes.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing the photoelectric conversion element 100.
- a sealing portion (sealing material 110) is formed with a sealing material around the counter electrode 102 (the transparent electrode 107 and the conductive layer 108). After arranging this so that the conductive layer 108 side faces upward, an appropriate amount of organic radical compound electrolyte (organic compound solution 109) is filled using a filling device (organic compound solution filling device 111) such as a pipette (FIG. 2 ( a)).
- a filling device organic compound solution filling device 111
- the photoelectrode 101 is laminated thereon so that the porous semiconductor layer 106 faces the counter electrode 102, and the outer peripheral portion is appropriately sealed with a sealant, whereby the photoelectric conversion element 100 shown in FIG. Can be obtained (FIG. 2B).
- the electrodes are shifted and bonded together, and the non-overlapping portion is used as the current collecting connection portion 115.
- the sealing material 110 for example, a thermosetting resin, a photocurable resin, or a thermoplastic resin is used.
- a resin material an epoxy resin, a polyvinyl resin, a polyolefin resin, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), or the like is used, and a paste or film is used depending on the purpose.
- a light-shielding frame (light-shielding mask 117) may be provided on the transparent substrate side of the photoelectrode.
- the amount of light irradiation can be adjusted, and deterioration of the seal portion can be suppressed.
- the photoelectrode 101 and the counter electrode 102 having at least two through holes (organic compound solution injection / discharge port 112) formed in a portion where the semiconductor layer is not formed are provided.
- a layer laminated in advance may be prepared, and the organic compound solution 109 may be injected from the through hole of the photoelectrode portion.
- the injection port organic compound solution injection / discharge port 112 may be sealed using a sealing member (sealing screw 116) such as an o-ring screw.
- the organic compound solution injection / discharge port 112 which is a through hole
- the organic compound can be easily exchanged from here. Further, it is possible to insert a light shielding mask 117, an ultraviolet cut filter, or the like using this through hole.
- a stack can be obtained by connecting the electrode outlets of the power generation element formed as described above in series or in parallel.
- a nitroxy radical compound having a 4,4,5,5-tetraalkylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide structure represented by the general formula (1) is used as a redox material.
- a Redox agent consisting of iodine / iodide ions There is no need to use a Redox agent consisting of iodine / iodide ions. That is, a nitroxyl radical compound having a 4,4,5,5-tetraalkylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide structure has both light absorption ability and redox ability.
- This action effect is obtained by using a nitroxyl radical compound having a 2- (4-carboxylphenyl) -4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide structure represented by the general formula (3). By using it, the dye sensitizing action is enhanced and is exhibited remarkably. In addition, this effect is achieved by using a nitroxyl radical compound having a 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide structure represented by the general formula (2). Stability is enhanced and is demonstrated remarkably.
- the photoelectric conversion element 100 since the photoelectric conversion element 100 has the compound represented by the general formula (1) between the electrodes, it is not necessary to separately handle the dye sensitizer and the redox agent as in the conventional case, so that the element structure can be simplified. In addition, since the manufacturing process can be simplified, it can be manufactured at low cost.
- the Ru complex of the dye is never cheap, and the electrolytic solution containing iodine needs to be hermetically sealed, and the element structure and the manufacturing process are not simple.
- the dye since the dye is strongly adsorbed on the titania electrode and iodine redox is also easily crystallized, it is almost impossible to regenerate the photoelectric element when deterioration occurs.
- the solution containing the organic radical compound represented by the general formula (1) has high fluidity, it can be exchanged instantly. As a result, even if the organic radical compound is deteriorated, it can be easily regenerated as a battery, and the characteristics can be changed as needed by changing the kind of the organic radical compound. For example, the usable environment and designability can be expanded by changing the light absorption wavelength region of the organic radical compound. Such an effect was very difficult to realize with the conventional element structure.
- the photoelectric conversion element 100 (FIG. 1) described in the first embodiment is suitably used as a dye-sensitized solar cell, for example.
- the sunlight passes through the transparent electrode 104 and the conductive layer 105 in this order and is adsorbed on the porous semiconductor layer 106. (Not shown).
- the dye absorbs light and excites it. Electrons generated by this excitation move from the porous semiconductor layer 106 to the conductive layer 105.
- the electrons that have moved to the conductive layer 105 move to the counter electrode 102 through an external circuit, and return from the conductive layer 108 to the dye via the organic compound solution 109. In this way, current flows and a solar cell can be configured.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of a solar power generation system.
- electrons generated in the photoelectric conversion element stack 151 move to the storage battery 154 via the charge / discharge control device 152.
- a load 153 is connected to the charge / discharge control device 152.
- the direct current from the storage battery 154 is DA-converted by the inverter 155 and flows to the load 156.
- the configuration of the photoelectric conversion element stack 151 is not particularly limited, but may be as shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 are cross-sectional views showing the configuration of the photoelectric conversion element stack 151.
- FIGS. 5 to 8 are cross-sectional views showing the configuration of the photoelectric conversion element stack 151.
- FIG. 5 shows a W-type stack module.
- a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements each including a photoelectrode 167, an organic compound solution 168, and a counter electrode (counter electrode) 169 having a catalytic function are disposed between the transparent substrate 163 and the transparent substrate 164.
- the photoelectrode 167 is, for example, the porous semiconductor layer 106 described in the first embodiment.
- a transparent conductive film 166 and a transparent conductive film 165 are provided between the transparent substrate 163 and the photoelectrode 167 and between the transparent substrate 164 and the counter electrode 169, respectively.
- These transparent conductive films are provided in common to the photoelectrode 167 of one element and the counter electrode 169 of the adjacent element, and the adjacent elements are connected. Further, the space between the plurality of transparent conductive films 165 and the space between the transparent conductive films 166 are sealed with a sealing material 170 made of an insulating material.
- the transparent substrate 163 is connected to the anode (minus electrode) 161 and the cathode (plus electrode) 162 at both ends.
- FIG. 6 shows an S-type stack module.
- a photoelectrode 167 is provided on the transparent conductive film 166, a separator 171 covering the photoelectrode 167 from the upper surface to the side surface of the photoelectrode 167, and a counter electrode 169 covering the entire surface of the separator 171 are provided. Is configured. Also in FIG. 6, the photoelectrode 167 of one adjacent element and the other counter electrode 169 are arranged on one transparent substrate 163 via a common transparent conductive film 166.
- FIG. 7 shows a Z-type stack module. Although the basic configuration of FIG. 7 is common to the W type shown in FIG. 5, in FIG. 7, a plurality of transparent conductive films 165 and transparent conductive films 166 are provided for each element.
- the photoelectrode 167 of one adjacent element is connected to the counter electrode 169 of the other element through the transparent conductive film 166, the conductive sealant 172, and the transparent conductive film 165 of the other element.
- the outer periphery of the side surface of the conductive sealing material 172 is covered with the sealing material 170 except for the area in contact with the transparent conductive film 165 and the transparent conductive film 166.
- the W, S, and Z types shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 are stack modules in which small cells are connected in series, but may be grid wiring type modules as shown in FIG.
- the organic compound solution 168, the transparent conductive film 165, and the transparent conductive film 166 are provided in common for a plurality of elements, and are placed at predetermined positions on the transparent conductive film 165 and the transparent conductive film 166.
- Metal current collecting wiring 174 is arranged.
- the metal current collector wiring 174 is covered with an insulating film 173 and insulated from the organic compound solution 168.
- the grid wiring type module is a module that can further reduce current collection loss when one cell has a large area.
- the grid wiring type can be stacked in Z, W, or S type.
- FIGS. 5 to 8 light enters from the photoelectrode 167 side. Further, in the W type shown in FIG. 5, light is incident on both sides. By using a highly light-transmitting substrate as the substrate on the counter electrode 169 side, light can be incident from both sides.
- the transparent substrate 163 and the transparent substrate 164 are used as the substrate.
- the W, S, and grid wiring type substrates on the opposite electrode side may include materials that are not transmissive. Available. Examples of such a material include PEEK, SUS, Si, and the like.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit of an optical sensor including the photoelectric conversion element 100 (FIG. 1).
- Example 1 The photoelectric conversion element based on this invention was produced as follows. First, 5 g of a commercially available titanium oxide powder (product name: P25, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) as a titanium oxide paste for forming a porous semiconductor layer, 20 mL of 15 vol% acetic acid aqueous solution, 0.1 mL of a surfactant (product name: Triton X-) 100, manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd.) and 0.3 g of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 20000) were prepared by stirring with a stirring mixer for about 1 hour (once for 10 minutes).
- a commercially available titanium oxide powder product name: P25, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.
- a surfactant product name: Triton X-
- polyethylene glycol molecular weight 20000
- this titanium oxide paste was applied to an ITO glass substrate (6 cm ⁇ 4 cm, sheet resistance: 20 ⁇ / ⁇ ) by a doctor blade method so that the film thickness was about 20 ⁇ m (application area: 3 cm ⁇ 3 cm).
- the portion where the paste is not applied is used as an electrode outlet and a seal portion.
- four through holes of 0.5 mm ⁇ were formed between the application part and the seal part.
- this electrode was inserted into an electric furnace, fired at 450 ° C. for about 30 minutes in the air atmosphere, and naturally cooled to obtain a transparent conductive electrode on which a porous titanium oxide semiconductor layer was formed.
- an electrode obtained by depositing 1 ⁇ m of platinum on one side of an ITO glass substrate (6 cm ⁇ 4 cm, sheet resistance: 20 ⁇ / ⁇ ) as a counter electrode was also prepared.
- These electrodes with a semiconductor layer and the counter electrode were arranged based on FIG. 3 and the outer periphery was sealed with an epoxy resin.
- nitroxyl radical compound 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetraalkylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide represented by the following formula (2) as a nitroxyl radical compound that functions as a dye sensitizer and redox agent (hereinafter referred to as “nitroxyl radical compound”) , PTIO).
- a nitroxyl radical compound that functions as a dye sensitizer and redox agent
- the organic compound solution containing PTIO was filled from the through hole of the photoelectrode portion using a hole pipette.
- a 1 mm thick SUS plate provided with an opening of 1 cm ⁇ 1 cm is laminated on the photoelectrode as a light shielding mask, and the through hole is used, and finally the through hole is sealed with a screw with O-ring. did.
- Example 2 In Example 1, except that 2- (4-carboxyphenyl) -4,4,5,5-tetraalkylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (hereinafter referred to as carboxy PTIO) was used in place of PTIO A photoelectric conversion element was prepared according to 1.
- Example 2 (Comparative Example 2) Instead of the organic radical compound solution used in Example 1, 0.5 M / L potassium iodide, 0.05 M / L iodine, and 0.5 M / L 4-t-butylpyridine, which are widely used in the past, are used. A photoelectric conversion element was produced according to Example 1 except that was used.
- Example 3 The performance of the photoelectric conversion elements prepared in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 as a dye-sensitized solar cell was compared. The evaluation was carried out by using a solar simulator and measuring IV under AM 1.5 and 100 mW / cm 2 irradiation conditions. Here, both ends of the photoelectric conversion element were connected to an electronic load device, and potential scanning at a step of 5 mV / sec was repeated until the voltage was extracted from the open circuit voltage and became zero.
- FIG. 10 shows the IV curves of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1.
- Example 4 Next, the photoelectric conversion element of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 was repeatedly generated several times, and then the solution held between the electrodes was discharged from the outlet and replaced with a new one to generate power.
- the photoelectric conversion element in the example can easily replace the organic radical compound portion corresponding to the dye and redox, and obtain the same performance as the initial stage.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明の目的は、実用性に優れた光電変換素子を提供することにある。
半導体層と透明導電性基板とから構成された光電極と、
前記光電極に対向して設けられた対向電極と、
を含み、
前記光電極と前記対向電極との間に、下記一般式(1)に示すニトロキシルラジカル化合物を主として含む、光電変換素子が提供される。
また、本発明によれば、前記光電変換素子を含む、太陽電池が提供される。
多孔質半導体材料により構成された半導体電極を準備する工程と、
前記半導体電極に対向して、対電極を配置する工程と、
前記半導体電極と前記対向極との間に、色素および電解質を含む液体を含浸保持させる工程と、
を含み、
前記色素および前記電解質が、上記一般式(1)に示すニトロキシルラジカル化合物を含む、光電変換素子の製造方法が提供される。
光電極101と透明電極107との間に、光吸収能とレッドクス能をもった化合物として、下記一般式(1)に示す4,4,5,5-テトラアルキルイミダゾリン-1-オキシル-3-オキサイド構造を有するニトロキシルラジカル化合物を主として含む。ここで、主として含むとは、光吸収能とレッドクス能をもった化合物のうち50重量%以上含むことをいう。有機ラジカル化合物は、たとえば有機溶媒、溶融塩、イオン性液体のいずれか一つ以上に溶解して液体として用いる。
以下、光電変換素子100の各構成要素についてさらに詳述する。
光電極101には透明導電性基板に多孔性半導体層106を形成したものを用いる。
対向電極102としては、支持基板(透明電極107)上に導電層108として白金等の金属触媒やカーボンの膜が存在するものなどが挙げられる。このときの膜厚は触媒機能を発現できる厚さであればよく、1~2000nm程度が望ましく、表面積ができるだけ高い方がよい。対向電極102として、さらに具体的にはガラスや高分子フィルムにITOなどの透明導電層あるいはSUSなどの金属薄膜を形成したものが挙げられる。
なお、導電層108は、具体的には、ラジカルを酸化還元する触媒機能を有する触媒部と、集電部とを備える。触媒部と集電部とは、同じ材料で形成されていてもよいし、異なる材料で形成されていてもよい。また、光吸収特性をさらに向上させる観点からは、支持基板としてガラスやプラスチックからなる透明電極107を用い、透明電極107に集電部に形成するとよい。また、第二の実施形態で後述するW型のスタックモジュールでは、集電部を透明部材により構成する。
光電変換素子100においては、光電極101と対向電極102との間に、色素増感剤兼レドックス剤として機能するニトロキシルラジカル化合物を含浸保持した有機化合物保持層103が設けられている。ニトロキシルラジカル化合物は、具体的には、有機溶媒、溶融塩およびイオン性液体からなる群から選択される一種以上に溶解した溶液として光電極101と対向電極102との間に保持されている。
上記式(2)に示す化合物、と、
上記一般式(1)におけるAが、アルコキシ基、ヒドロキシル基、ヒドロキシアルキル基、スルホン酸基、エステル基、メルカプト基およびホスホニル基からなる群から選択される一種以上の置換基を有する化合物。
また、これらニトロキシル有機化合物は、適切な溶媒中に分散させて分散液または溶液として用いることが望ましい。
上記溶媒としては、たとえば、有機溶媒として、N-メチルピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドなどの含窒素化合物;
メトキシプロピオニトリルやアセトニトリルなどのニトリル化合物;
γ-ブチロラクトンやバレロラクトンなどのラクトン化合物;
エチレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネートなどのカーボネート化合物;
テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、ジエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジアルキルエーテルなどのエーテル類;
メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコールなどのアルコール類;さらには
イミダゾール類などが挙げられ、これらはそれぞれ単独で、または2種以上混合して使用することができる。
また、溶融塩のアニオンとしては、AlCl4 -、Al2Cl7 -などの金属塩化物、PF6 -、BF4 -、CF3SO3 -、N(CF3SO2)2 -、CF3COO-などのフッ素含有物、NO3 -、CH3COO-、C6H11COO-、CH3OSO3 -、CH3OSO2 -、CH3SO3 -、CH3SO2 -、(CH3O)2PO2 -などの非フッ素化合物、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素などのハロゲン化物などが挙げられる。
上記構成要素を用いた光電変換素子100は、たとえば以下の手順で製造される。
ステップ11:多孔質半導体材料により構成された半導体電極(光電極101)を準備する工程、
ステップ12:光電極101に対向して、対電極(対向電極102)を配置する工程、および
ステップ13:光電極101と対向電極102との間に、有機化合物溶液(色素および電解質を含む液体)を含浸保持させる工程。
ステップ13で用いられる色素および電解質は、上記一般式(1)に示した化合物を含む。
すなわち、4,4,5,5-テトラアルキルイミダゾリン-1-オキシル-3-オキサイド構造を有するニトロキシルラジカル化合物は光吸収能と酸化還元能を併せ持つものである。よって、この有機ラジカル化合物を溶媒に溶解したものを電極間に保持させることにより、従来では実現不可能であった光電極部の色素増感剤と電解質層のレッドクス剤の両方の機能を単一の有機化合物によって実現できる新規な光電変換素子が安定的に得られる。
また、この作用効果は、上記一般式(2)に示した2-フェニル-4,4,5,5-テトラメチルイミダゾリン-1-オキシル-3-オキサイド構造を有するニトロキシルラジカル化合物を用いることで安定性が高まり、顕著に発揮される。
第一の実施形態に記載の光電変換素子100(図1)は、たとえば色素増感太陽電池として好適に用いられる。
このとき、光電変換素子100の光電極101側から太陽光が照射されると、太陽光は、透明電極104および導電層105をこの順に透過して、多孔性半導体層106に吸着している色素(不図示)に照射される。色素は光を吸収して励起する。この励起によって発生した電子は、多孔性半導体層106から導電層105に移動する。導電層105へ移動した電子は、外部回路を通じて対向電極102に移動し、導電層108から有機化合物溶液109を経由して色素に戻る。このようにして電流が流れ、太陽電池を構成することができる。
図4は、太陽光発電システムの具体例を示す図である。図4に示した太陽光発電システム150においては、光電変換素子スタック151で生じた電子が、充放電制御装置152を経由して蓄電池154に移動する。充放電制御装置152には負荷153が接続されている。また、蓄電池154からの直流電流は、インバーター155でDA変換されて、負荷156に流れる。
図5においては、透明基板163と透明基板164との間に、光電極167、有機化合物溶液168および触媒機能を有する対向極(対向電極)169により構成された光電変換素子が複数配置されている。光電極167は、たとえば第一の実施形態に記載の多孔性半導体層106とする。透明基板163と光電極167との間、および透明基板164と対向極169との間には、それぞれ、透明導電性膜166および透明導電性膜165が設けられている。これらの透明導電性膜は、1つの素子の光電極167と隣接する素子の対向極169とに共通に設けられ、隣接する素子間が接続されている。また、複数の透明導電性膜165間および透明導電性膜166間は、絶縁材料により構成されたシール材170によりシールされている。透明基板163は、両端においてそれぞれアノード(マイナス極)161およびカソード(プラス極)162に接続する。
図6においては、透明導電性膜166上に光電極167が設けられ、光電極167の上面から側面にわたって光電極167を覆うセパレータ171およびセパレータ171の全面を覆う対向極169が設けられて、素子を構成している。図6においても、隣接する一方の素子の光電極167と他方の対向極169とが共通の透明導電性膜166を介して1つの透明基板163上に配置されている。
図7の基本構成は図5に示したW型と共通するが、図7においては、複数の透明導電性膜165および透明導電性膜166が素子ごとに設けられている。隣接する一方の素子の光電極167は、透明導電性膜166、導電性シール材172および他方の素子の透明導電性膜165を介して他方の素子の対向極169に接続する。導電性シール材172の側面外周は、透明導電性膜165および透明導電性膜166に接する領域をのぞいてシール材170に被覆されている。
図8においては、有機化合物溶液168、透明導電性膜165および透明導電性膜166が複数の素子に共通に設けられており、透明導電性膜165および透明導電性膜166上の所定の位置に金属集電配線174が配置されている。金属集電配線174は絶縁膜173に覆われ、有機化合物溶液168との間が絶縁されている。
以下の実施例では、第一の実施形態に記載の光電変換素子100(図1)からなる太陽電池を作成した。
本発明に基づく光電変換素子を下記の通りに作製した。まず、多孔性半導体層を形成するための酸化チタンペーストとして市販の酸化チタン粉末(品名:P25、日本アエロジル社製)5g、15vol%酢酸水溶液20mL、界面活性剤0.1mL(品名:Triton X-100、シグマアルドリッチ社製)、そしてポリエチレングリコール(分子量20000)0.3gを攪拌ミキサーで約1時間攪拌(1回10分間)して用意した。
まず、脱水エタノールを溶媒として0.5MのPTIO溶液を10mL用意した。次いで、プロピレンカーボネートを溶媒とした1Mのリチウムビス(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミド(LiBETI)電解液を用意して、前記PTIO溶液中に2mL添加して最終的なPTIO有機ラジカル化合物溶液とした。
実施例1において、PTIOに代えて2-(4-カルボキシフェニル)-4,4,5,5-テトラアルキルイミダゾリン-1-オキシル-3-オキサイド(以下、カルボキシPTIO)を用いた以外は実施例1に準じて光電変換素子を作製した。
実施例1で用いたPTIOの代わりに光吸収機能を実質的に有しない(PTIOの1/100以下)2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン-N-オキシル(TEMPO)を用いた以外、実施例1に準じて光電変換素子を作製した。
実施例1で用いた有機ラジカル化合物溶液の代わりに、従来広く用いられている0.5M/Lのヨウ化カリウムと0.05M/Lのヨウ素と0.5M/Lの4-t-ブチルピリジンを用いた以外、実施例1に準じて光電変換素子を作製した。
実施例1、2および比較例1、2で用意した光電変換素子の色素増感太陽電池としての性能を比較した。評価はソーラーシュミレーターを用いてAM1.5、100mW/cm2照射条件下でのI-V測定を行った。ここで光電変換素子の両端を電子負荷装置に接続して、開放電圧から取り出し電圧がゼロになるまで5mV/secステップの電位走査を繰り返して行った。図10に、実施例1および2および比較例1のI-V曲線を示した。
次に、実施例1および比較例2の光電変換素子を数回繰り返して発電した後、電極間に保持された溶液を取出口より排出して新規なものに交換して発電した。
Claims (9)
- 請求項1乃至4いずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子において、前記ニトロキシルラジカル化合物が、有機溶媒、溶融塩およびイオン性液体からなる群から選択される一種以上に溶解した溶液として前記光電極と前記対向電極との間に保持されている、光電変換素子。
- 請求項1乃至5いずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子において、前記半導体層が、酸化チタンを含む半導体材料により構成された、光電変換素子。
- 請求項1乃至6いずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子を含む、光センサ。
- 請求項1乃至6いずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子を含む、太陽電池。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011502657A JP5590025B2 (ja) | 2009-03-06 | 2010-03-04 | 光電変換素子およびその製造方法、光センサならびに太陽電池 |
EP10748528A EP2405529A4 (en) | 2009-03-06 | 2010-03-04 | ELEMENT FOR PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION, PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURE, OPTICAL SENSOR AND SOLAR CELL |
CN2010800108571A CN102341951A (zh) | 2009-03-06 | 2010-03-04 | 光电转换元件及其制造方法,光学传感器和太阳能电池 |
US13/254,684 US20120001163A1 (en) | 2009-03-06 | 2010-03-04 | Photoelectric conversion element, manufacturing method thereof, optical sensor, and solar cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009053148 | 2009-03-06 | ||
JP2009-053148 | 2009-03-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010100929A1 true WO2010100929A1 (ja) | 2010-09-10 |
Family
ID=42709495
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2010/001507 WO2010100929A1 (ja) | 2009-03-06 | 2010-03-04 | 光電変換素子およびその製造方法、光センサならびに太陽電池 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120001163A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2405529A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5590025B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102341951A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010100929A1 (ja) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013048088A (ja) * | 2011-07-26 | 2013-03-07 | Hodogaya Chem Co Ltd | 光電変換用増感色素およびそれを用いた光電変換素子ならびに色素増感太陽電池 |
JP2013105667A (ja) * | 2011-11-15 | 2013-05-30 | Peccell Technologies Inc | 色素増感型太陽電池モジュールおよびその製造方法 |
WO2013114983A1 (ja) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-08 | 日立造船株式会社 | 色素増感太陽電池の製造方法 |
EP2649625A1 (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2013-10-16 | Merck Patent GmbH | Additives for dye-sensitized solar cells |
JP2015146453A (ja) * | 2010-12-22 | 2015-08-13 | アナログ ディヴァイスィズ インク | 垂直集積システム |
US9871373B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2018-01-16 | Analog Devices Global | Electrical overstress recording and/or harvesting |
US10338132B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2019-07-02 | Analog Devices Global | Wear-out monitor device |
US10365322B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2019-07-30 | Analog Devices Global | Wear-out monitor device |
US10557881B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2020-02-11 | Analog Devices Global | Electrical overstress reporting |
US10730743B2 (en) | 2017-11-06 | 2020-08-04 | Analog Devices Global Unlimited Company | Gas sensor packages |
US11024525B2 (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2021-06-01 | Analog Devices International Unlimited Company | Diffusion temperature shock monitor |
US11587839B2 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2023-02-21 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Device with chemical reaction chamber |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013167224A1 (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2013-11-14 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Formulation comprising ionic organic compounds for use in electron transport layers |
CN103911915A (zh) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-07-09 | 宋旭 | 具有光电转换功能壁纸及其制备方法 |
JPWO2016171153A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-21 | 2018-02-22 | 住友精化株式会社 | 色素増感太陽電池および色素増感太陽電池用電解液 |
CN105486820B (zh) * | 2016-01-13 | 2017-12-01 | 南京波瑞自动化科技有限公司 | 一种带有气体检测功能的户外视频监控设备 |
US10299524B2 (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2019-05-28 | Hylete, Inc. | Garment having a drawstring closure assembly |
CN107235908A (zh) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-10-10 | 西安工业大学 | 一种甲基橙降解剂及其制备方法 |
JP2019021767A (ja) * | 2017-07-18 | 2019-02-07 | 国際先端技術総合研究所株式会社 | 光発電素子及びその製造方法 |
JP2019117889A (ja) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-07-18 | 太陽誘電株式会社 | 色素増感太陽電池 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH08259543A (ja) | 1994-12-21 | 1996-10-08 | Asulab Sa | 疎水性液状塩とその生成法ならびに電気化学への応用 |
JPH09507334A (ja) | 1993-02-03 | 1997-07-22 | エコール ポリテクニーク フェデラル ドゥ ローザンヌ | 光電気化学電池及びこの電池用の電解液 |
JPH11345991A (ja) | 1998-06-02 | 1999-12-14 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 太陽電池 |
JP2000277182A (ja) * | 1999-03-29 | 2000-10-06 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 色素増感型太陽電池用非水電解液およびそれを用いた太陽電池 |
JP2002289271A (ja) | 2001-03-26 | 2002-10-04 | Sharp Corp | 色素増感型太陽電池 |
JP2009053148A (ja) | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-12 | Mitsutoyo Corp | 多波長干渉計 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1235880A (en) * | 1968-12-11 | 1971-06-16 | British American Tobacco Co | Improvements relating to tobacco-smoke filters |
JP4967211B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-26 | 2012-07-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | 光電気化学デバイス |
JP4946308B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-25 | 2012-06-06 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 蓄電デバイスおよび蓄電デバイスに用いられる電極 |
US8465877B2 (en) * | 2008-03-24 | 2013-06-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Alkali metal air battery |
US20100081159A1 (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2010-04-01 | Lebedeva Irina V | Profiling reactive oxygen, nitrogen and halogen species |
-
2010
- 2010-03-04 US US13/254,684 patent/US20120001163A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-03-04 WO PCT/JP2010/001507 patent/WO2010100929A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-03-04 EP EP10748528A patent/EP2405529A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-03-04 JP JP2011502657A patent/JP5590025B2/ja active Active
- 2010-03-04 CN CN2010800108571A patent/CN102341951A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09507334A (ja) | 1993-02-03 | 1997-07-22 | エコール ポリテクニーク フェデラル ドゥ ローザンヌ | 光電気化学電池及びこの電池用の電解液 |
JPH08259543A (ja) | 1994-12-21 | 1996-10-08 | Asulab Sa | 疎水性液状塩とその生成法ならびに電気化学への応用 |
JPH11345991A (ja) | 1998-06-02 | 1999-12-14 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 太陽電池 |
JP2000277182A (ja) * | 1999-03-29 | 2000-10-06 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | 色素増感型太陽電池用非水電解液およびそれを用いた太陽電池 |
JP2002289271A (ja) | 2001-03-26 | 2002-10-04 | Sharp Corp | 色素増感型太陽電池 |
JP2009053148A (ja) | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-12 | Mitsutoyo Corp | 多波長干渉計 |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
ELECTROCHEMISTRY, vol. 2, 2002, pages 130 - 136 |
INORG. CHEM., vol. 35, 1996, pages 1168 - 1178 |
See also references of EP2405529A4 * |
Z. ZHANG, P. CHEN, T. N. MURAKAMI, S. M. ZAKEERUDDIN, M. GRAETZEL: "The 2, 2, 6, 6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy Radical: An Efficient, Iodine-Free Redox Mediator for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells", ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, vol. 18, 2008, pages 341 - 346 |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2649625A1 (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2013-10-16 | Merck Patent GmbH | Additives for dye-sensitized solar cells |
US9287052B2 (en) | 2010-12-08 | 2016-03-15 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Additives for dye-sensitized solar cells |
JP2014506374A (ja) * | 2010-12-08 | 2014-03-13 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 色素増感太陽電池のための添加剤 |
US9267915B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2016-02-23 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Vertically integrated systems |
JP2015146453A (ja) * | 2010-12-22 | 2015-08-13 | アナログ ディヴァイスィズ インク | 垂直集積システム |
US9513246B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2016-12-06 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Vertically integrated systems |
JP2013048088A (ja) * | 2011-07-26 | 2013-03-07 | Hodogaya Chem Co Ltd | 光電変換用増感色素およびそれを用いた光電変換素子ならびに色素増感太陽電池 |
JP2013105667A (ja) * | 2011-11-15 | 2013-05-30 | Peccell Technologies Inc | 色素増感型太陽電池モジュールおよびその製造方法 |
WO2013114983A1 (ja) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-08 | 日立造船株式会社 | 色素増感太陽電池の製造方法 |
US11193967B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2021-12-07 | Analog Devices Global | Storing charge associated with electrical overstress |
US9871373B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2018-01-16 | Analog Devices Global | Electrical overstress recording and/or harvesting |
US11644497B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2023-05-09 | Analog Devices International Unlimited Company | Charge storage with electrical overstress protection |
US10557881B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2020-02-11 | Analog Devices Global | Electrical overstress reporting |
US10338132B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2019-07-02 | Analog Devices Global | Wear-out monitor device |
US10794950B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2020-10-06 | Analog Devices Global | Wear-out monitor device |
US11269006B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2022-03-08 | Analog Devices International Unlimited Company | Exposure monitor device |
US10365322B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2019-07-30 | Analog Devices Global | Wear-out monitor device |
US11686763B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2023-06-27 | Analog Devices International Unlimited Company | Exposure monitor device |
US11988708B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2024-05-21 | Analog Devices International Unlimited Company | Exposure monitor device |
US11024525B2 (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2021-06-01 | Analog Devices International Unlimited Company | Diffusion temperature shock monitor |
US10730743B2 (en) | 2017-11-06 | 2020-08-04 | Analog Devices Global Unlimited Company | Gas sensor packages |
US11587839B2 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2023-02-21 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Device with chemical reaction chamber |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5590025B2 (ja) | 2014-09-17 |
EP2405529A1 (en) | 2012-01-11 |
US20120001163A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
JPWO2010100929A1 (ja) | 2012-09-06 |
EP2405529A4 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
CN102341951A (zh) | 2012-02-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5590025B2 (ja) | 光電変換素子およびその製造方法、光センサならびに太陽電池 | |
JP5023866B2 (ja) | 色素増感光電変換素子およびその製造方法ならびに電子機器 | |
US8415558B2 (en) | Dye sensitization photoelectric converter | |
JP5066792B2 (ja) | 色素増感光電変換素子、色素増感光電変換素子の製造方法、光電変換素子モジュール、電子機器、移動体および発電システム | |
JP5590026B2 (ja) | 光電変換素子およびその製造方法、光センサならびに太陽電池 | |
US20080210296A1 (en) | Dye-Sensitized Photovoltaic Device, Method for Making the Same, Electronic Device, Method for Making the Same, and Electronic Apparatus | |
US20030230335A1 (en) | Methods for producing titanium oxide sol and fine titanium oxide particles, and photoelectric conversion device | |
US20110132461A1 (en) | Dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element and method for manufacturing the same and electronic apparatus | |
JP2007200559A (ja) | 光電変換装置 | |
US10014122B2 (en) | Photoelectric conversion element and photoelectric conversion element module | |
US20140137945A1 (en) | Pigment sensitization solar cell | |
Zhang et al. | Imidazolium functionalized bis-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-piperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) bi-redox couples for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells | |
JP2004241378A (ja) | 色素増感型太陽電池 | |
JP2003092153A (ja) | 電解質組成物、光電変換素子及び光電池 | |
JP4620286B2 (ja) | 電解質組成物、光電変換素子及び光電気化学電池 | |
JP5235952B2 (ja) | ツイッターイオン型有機塩 | |
JP5439869B2 (ja) | 光電変換素子およびその製造方法、光センサならびに太陽電池 | |
JP2013016360A (ja) | 光電変換素子 | |
JP2014086239A (ja) | エネルギー貯蔵型色素増感太陽電池 | |
KR20130111101A (ko) | 색가변 염료 감응형 태양전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 색가변 염료감응형 태양전지 | |
JP2011150881A (ja) | 光電変換素子、光センサ、および、太陽電池 | |
JP2011150883A (ja) | 光電変換素子、光センサ、および、太陽電池 | |
JP2013058424A (ja) | 光増感色素、色素増感光電変換素子、電子機器および建築物 | |
JP2009081074A (ja) | 色素増感光電変換素子、電解質組成物、電解質用添加剤および電子機器 | |
JP2013257974A (ja) | 色素増感型太陽電池及び色素増感型太陽電池モジュール |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201080010857.1 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 10748528 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2011502657 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13254684 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2010748528 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2010748528 Country of ref document: EP |