WO2010071090A1 - 炭素質音響振動板とその製造方法 - Google Patents
炭素質音響振動板とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010071090A1 WO2010071090A1 PCT/JP2009/070793 JP2009070793W WO2010071090A1 WO 2010071090 A1 WO2010071090 A1 WO 2010071090A1 JP 2009070793 W JP2009070793 W JP 2009070793W WO 2010071090 A1 WO2010071090 A1 WO 2010071090A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2307/023—Diaphragms comprising ceramic-like materials, e.g. pure ceramic, glass, boride, nitride, carbide, mica and carbon materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2307/029—Diaphragms comprising fibres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
- H04R2499/10—General applications
- H04R2499/11—Transducers incorporated or for use in hand-held devices, e.g. mobile phones, PDA's, camera's
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm and a manufacturing method thereof.
- Speaker diaphragms used in various audio equipment, video equipment, mobile devices such as mobile phones, and the like are required to be able to faithfully reproduce clear sound in a wide frequency band, particularly in the high sound range.
- the material of the diaphragm is required to have seemingly contradictory properties such that the elastic modulus is high to give the diaphragm sufficient rigidity and the density is low to reduce the weight of the diaphragm.
- diaphragms for digital speakers which have been attracting attention in recent years, are strongly demanded for these properties due to the demand for vibration response.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 listed below describe a diaphragm made of a material in which carbon nanofibers (vapor-grown carbon fibers) and graphite are uniformly dispersed in amorphous carbon.
- this material has a high density of 1.0 mg / cm 3 or more, in order to obtain desired acoustic characteristics, it is necessary to add a large amount of expensive carbon nanofibers and graphite to increase the elastic modulus. It is necessary to make the wall thickness thinner. Therefore, there is a problem of damage due to handling or the like, and a problem remains in productivity.
- Patent Document 3 the resin powder before being fired (carbonized) to become glassy carbon (amorphous carbon) is heated and point-fused to form a porous body, and then carbonized to form low-density amorphous carbon. It is described that a porous body is used. However, with this method, it is difficult to obtain a porous body having a high porosity of 40% or more, and a porous body having a density of 1.0 g / cm 3 or less has not been obtained.
- Patent Document 4 describes an acoustic carbon diaphragm in which vapor-phase pyrolytic carbon is deposited on a carbon fiber non-woven fabric or woven fabric impregnated with a resin. Even in this method, it is difficult to obtain a porous body having a high porosity of 40% or more.
- Patent Document 5 describes an acoustic diaphragm in which the surface of a foamed graphite film is etched and impregnated with plastic.
- This expanded graphite refers to a state where gas generated inside when carbonizing a polymer at a high temperature disturbs a layered structure peculiar to graphite, and it is difficult to design and control pores.
- the resin is impregnated with foamed graphite to reinforce the defective portions of the graphite that are partially thinned, thereby flattening the reproduction frequency.
- the resin is used to reinforce the defects in the graphite. That is the main point. Further, since the resin is impregnated by etching, the process is long and the management tends to be complicated.
- JP 2004-32425 A Patent No. 3630669
- JP 2002-171593 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 01-185098
- an object of the present invention is to provide a carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm and a method for producing the same that have low rigidity and light weight, have sufficient rigidity, exhibit good acoustic characteristics, and can be manufactured industrially at low cost. There is.
- a carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm which is a porous body including amorphous carbon and carbon powder uniformly dispersed in the amorphous carbon and having a porosity of 40% or more.
- the acoustic diaphragm includes the porous plate as a low-density layer, and further includes a high-density layer that includes amorphous carbon, is thinner than the low-density layer, and is higher in density than the low-density layer. Is preferred.
- the number of layers is a two-layer structure of a high-density layer and a low-density layer, a three-layer structure in which both sides of the low-density layer are sandwiched by high-density layers, and conversely, both sides of the high-density layer are sandwiched by low-density layers.
- Various configurations such as a three-layer structure are possible.
- the carbon powder preferably includes carbon nanofibers having a number average diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m or less and an average length of 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the high-density layer may include graphite that is uniformly dispersed in the amorphous carbon. This carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm desirably has an increase in mass of 5% or less when dried for 250 hours in an environment of temperature 25 ° C. and humidity 60%.
- carbon powder is uniformly mixed with a carbon-containing resin, the mixture is formed into a film and heated to form a carbon precursor, and the carbon precursor is carbonized in an inert atmosphere,
- the carbon precursor is solid or liquid at the temperature of carbon precursor, and the mixture of pre-mixed particles of punching material that disappear at the temperature of carbonization and leave pores is mixed with amorphous carbon after the carbonization.
- a method for producing a carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm including providing a porous body containing carbon powder is provided.
- a carbon-containing resin layer on at least one surface of the carbon precursor plate, after the carbonization, than the low-density layer and the low-density layer made of the porous body It is preferable to further include a carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm including a high-density layer having a high density.
- the structure in which both sides of the high-density layer are sandwiched between the low-density layers is obtained by, for example, integrating a carbon precursor layer that includes a punching material on both surfaces of a carbon precursor that does not include a punching material, and integrating them with a resin. Can be obtained.
- the drilling material particles are spherical.
- the carbon powder preferably includes carbon nanofibers.
- the carbon-containing resin layer may include graphite dispersed uniformly therein. The carbonization is desirably performed at a temperature of 1200 ° C. or higher.
- a drilling material such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), which is a solid or liquid at the temperature when carbonized into a mixture of carbon-containing resin and carbon powder and disappears at the carbonization temperature and leaves pores.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- the perforated material disappears leaving pores having a three-dimensional shape corresponding to the three-dimensional shape. Therefore, the porosity can be easily controlled by controlling the blending ratio of the drilling material, and the three-dimensional shape and size of the pores can be easily selected by selecting the three-dimensional shape and size of the drilling material particles. It can be controlled, and a porous body having a porosity of 40% or more can be realized.
- the porosity is the percentage of the volume of the pores with respect to the volume of the entire porous body including the pores, and the porosity calculated from the volume and mass of the entire porous body assuming that the density of carbon is 1.5 g / cm 3. It is defined as
- the porosity can be set to 60% or more while maintaining the necessary rigidity, and the density of the entire diaphragm is 0.5 g / cm 3 or less.
- the high-density layer exhibits an effect at about 1 to 30% of the total thickness, and plays a role of high-frequency reproduction with rigidity of Young's modulus about 100 GPa.
- the Young's modulus of the low density layer is about 2-3 GPa, making the entire diaphragm lighter, maintaining the overall sound quality, and improving the vibration response.
- a further required characteristic of the acoustic diaphragm is low hygroscopicity so that it absorbs moisture in the air and becomes heavy and does not change its acoustic characteristics.
- the carbonization temperature As will be described later, by setting the carbonization temperature to 1200 ° C. or higher, a weight increase of 5% or less is obtained after drying for 250 hours in an environment of 25 ° C. and 60% humidity after drying. It is done.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram conceptually showing a cross section of an acoustic diaphragm obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. It is a graph which understands the temperature of carbonization and the hygroscopicity.
- 3 is a graph showing acoustic characteristics of the diaphragm obtained in Example 1.
- Example 1 Compounding 35% by mass of vinyl chloride resin as an amorphous carbon source, 1.4% by mass of carbon nanofibers having an average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m and a length of 5 ⁇ m, and PMMA as a drilling material for pore formation
- a diallyl phthalate monomer as a plasticizer
- the composition is sufficiently kneaded using a pressure kneader to obtain a composition, which is then pelletized by a pelletizer for molding A composition was obtained.
- the pellets of the molding composition were formed into a sheet-like molded product having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m by extrusion molding, and further, furan resin was coated on both sides and cured to obtain a multilayer sheet.
- This multilayer sheet was treated in an air oven at 200 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a precursor (carbon precursor). Thereafter, the temperature was increased in nitrogen gas at a rate of temperature increase of 20 ° C./h, and held at 1000 ° C. for 3 hours. After natural cooling, after holding in vacuum at 1400 ° C. for 3 hours, natural cooling was performed to complete firing. Thereby, as conceptually shown in FIG.
- the porosity of the low density layer 16 of the acoustic diaphragm thus obtained was 70%, and the number average pore diameter was 60 ⁇ m.
- the entire diaphragm had excellent physical properties such as a thickness of about 350 ⁇ m, a bending strength of 25 MPa, a Young's modulus of 8 GPa, a sound velocity of 4200 m / sec, a density of 0.45 g / cm 3 , and a hygroscopicity of 1% by mass or less.
- the speed of sound was calculated from the measured values of density and Young's modulus (the same applies hereinafter).
- the hygroscopicity is a mass increase rate (%) when dried at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes and then left in an environment at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 60%.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between elapsed time and mass change rate.
- Comparative Example 1 the result when the final firing (carbonization) temperature is 1000 ° C. is also shown.
- FIG. 2 by setting the carbonization temperature to 1200 ° C. or higher, a diaphragm with low hygroscopicity in which the increase in mass after 250 hours is 5% or less can be obtained.
- Fig. 3 shows the frequency characteristics of a speaker using this diaphragm.
- a substantially flat characteristic is obtained beyond 20 kHz, which is the limit of the audible range, to 40 kHz or more.
- Example 2 Example in which filler (graphite) is put in high-density layer 35% by mass of vinyl chloride resin as an amorphous carbon source, 1.4% by mass of carbon nanofibers having an average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m and a length of 5 ⁇ m Then, after adding diallyl phthalate monomer as a plasticizer to a composition in which PMMA is combined as a hole forming material for pore formation and dispersing it using a Henschel mixer, it is sufficiently kneaded using a pressure kneader. The composition was repeatedly obtained and pelletized by a pelletizer to obtain a molding composition.
- diallyl phthalate monomer as a plasticizer
- the molding composition pellets are formed into a sheet-like molded product having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m by extrusion molding. Further, 5% by mass of graphite (SP270 made from Nippon Graphite) having an average particle size of about 4 ⁇ m is dispersed in a furan resin, and a curing agent is added. The solution was coated on both sides and cured to obtain a multilayer sheet. This multilayer sheet was treated in an air oven at 200 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a precursor (carbon precursor). Thereafter, the temperature was increased in nitrogen gas at a temperature increase rate of 20 ° C./h, and the temperature was maintained at 1000 ° C. for 3 hours. After natural cooling, after holding in a vacuum at 1500 ° C. for 3 hours, natural cooling was completed to complete firing, and a composite carbon diaphragm was obtained.
- graphite SP270 made from Nippon Graphite
- the porosity of the low density layer of the acoustic diaphragm thus obtained was 70%, and the number average pore diameter was 60 ⁇ m.
- the whole diaphragm had excellent physical properties such as a thickness of about 350 ⁇ m, a bending strength of 23 MPa, a Young's modulus of 5 GPa, a sound velocity of 3333 m / sec, and a density of 0.45 g / cm 3 .
- Example 3 Porosity 50% single layer molded body As an amorphous carbon source, 54% by mass of vinyl chloride resin, 1.4% by mass of carbon nanofibers having an average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m and a length of 5 ⁇ m, for pore formation
- a diallyl phthalate monomer as a plasticizer
- the composition is sufficiently kneaded repeatedly using a pressure kneader. Obtained and pelletized with a pelletizer to obtain a molding composition. Using this pellet, a film-like extrusion molding having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m was performed.
- This film was treated in an air oven heated to 200 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a precursor (carbon precursor). Thereafter, the temperature was increased in nitrogen gas at a temperature increase rate of 20 ° C./hour or less, and the temperature was maintained at 1000 ° C. for 3 hours. After natural cooling, after holding in a vacuum at 1500 ° C. for 3 hours, natural cooling was completed to complete firing, and a composite carbon diaphragm was obtained.
- the porous acoustic diaphragm thus obtained has a porosity of 50%, a pore diameter of 60 ⁇ m, a thickness of about 350 ⁇ m, a bending strength of 29 MPa, a Young's modulus of 7 GPa, a sound velocity of 3055 m / sec, a density of 0.75 g / cm 3 , And had excellent physical properties.
- Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of the diaphragms obtained in Examples 1 to 3. As can be seen from Table 1, with a porous body alone, a certain density is required to ensure strength, but by strengthening with a high-density layer, the porosity is increased to 60% or more while maintaining strength. It is possible to reduce the overall density.
- the multi-layer form is not limited to these, and various multi-layer forms such as a high-density layer and a repeated layer structure of a high-density layer and a low-density layer also exhibit the same effect.
- the all-carbon flat plate speaker diaphragm according to an embodiment of the present invention has a light weight and high rigidity characteristic by combining a low density layer and a high density layer, and has sound propagation.
- the speed is high, the limit reproduction sound range is high, many shaping means can be used industrially, and the industrial mass productivity is excellent. Therefore, as an analog speaker diaphragm or digital speaker diaphragm that can be used in various audio equipment, video equipment, mobile devices such as mobile phones, etc., and can be designed in a space-saving manner, it has a high sound quality and a wide range from low to high sounds. It is intended to demonstrate the reproduction performance.
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Abstract
Description
アモルファス炭素源としての、塩化ビニル樹脂35質量%と平均粒径0.1μmで長さ5μmのカーボンナノ繊維1.4質量%、気孔形成のための穴開け材としてPMMAを複合した組成物に対して可塑剤としてジアリルフタレートモノマーを添加して、ヘンシェルミキサーを用いて分散させた後、加圧ニーダーを用いて十分に混練を繰り返して組成物を得、ペレタイザーによってペレット化し成形用組成物を得た。この成型用組成物のペレットを押出成形で厚さ400μmのシート状の成型物とし、さらにフラン樹脂に平均粒径4μm程度の黒鉛(日本黒鉛製SP270)5質量%を分散させ、硬化剤を入れた液を両面にコーティングして硬化させ、多層シートとした。この多層シートを200℃のエアオーブン中で5時間処理しプリカーサー(炭素前駆体)とした。その後、窒素ガス中で20℃/hの昇温速度で昇温し、1000℃で3時間保持した。自然冷却したのちに、真空中で1500℃で3時間保持した後、自然冷却して焼成を完了し、複合炭素振動板を得た。
アモルファス炭素源としての、塩化ビニル樹脂54質量%と平均粒径0.1μmで長さ5μmのカーボンナノ繊維1.4質量%、気孔形成のための穴開け材としてPMMAを複合した組成物に対して可塑剤としてジアリルフタレートモノマーを添加して、ヘンシェルミキサーを用いて分散させた後、加圧ニーダーを用いて十分に混練を繰り返して組成物を得、ペレタイザーによってペレット化し成形用組成物を得た。このペレットを用いて厚み400μmのフィルム状の押し出し成形を行った。このフィルムを200℃に過熱したエアオーブン中で5時間処理しプリカーサー(炭素前駆体)とした。その後、窒素ガス中で20℃/時以下の昇温速度で昇温し、1000℃で3時間保持した。自然冷却したのちに、真空中で1500℃で3時間保持した後、自然冷却して焼成を完了し、複合炭素振動板を得た。
Claims (12)
- アモルファス炭素と該アモルファス炭素中に均一に分散した炭素粉末とを含み、気孔率40%以上の多孔体である炭素質音響振動板。
- アモルファス炭素と該アモルファス炭素中に均一に分散した炭素粉末とを含み、気孔率40%以上の多孔体からなる低密度層と、
アモルファス炭素を含み、前記低密度層よりも厚みが薄く、前記低密度層よりも密度が高い高密度層とを具備する請求項1記載の炭素質音響振動板。 - 前記多孔体の気孔の形状が球状である請求項1または2記載の炭素質音響振動板。
- 前記炭素粉末はカーボンナノ繊維を含む請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の炭素質音響振動板。
- 前記高密度層は、前記アモルファス炭素中に均一に分散した黒鉛を含む請求項2~4のいずれか1項記載の炭素質音響振動板。
- 乾燥後、温度25℃、湿度60%の環境に250時間放置したときの質量の増加が5%以下である請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の炭素質音響振動板。
- 炭素含有樹脂に炭素粉末を均一に混合し、混合物を板状に成形し加熱して炭素前駆体とし、炭素前駆体を不活性雰囲気中で炭素化する方法であって、
前記炭素前駆体化の温度においては固体または液体であり、前記炭素化の温度において消失して気孔を残す穴開け材の粒子を前記混合物に予め混合することによって、前記炭素化後においてアモルファス炭素と炭素粉末とを含む多孔体とすることを含む炭素質音響振動板の製造方法。 - 前記炭素化の前において、前記炭素前駆体の板の少なくとも一方の面に炭素含有樹脂の層を形成することによって、前記炭素化後において、前記多孔体からなる低密度層と低密度層よりも密度が高い高密度層を含む炭素質音響振動板とすることをさらに含む請求項7記載の方法。
- 前記穴開け材の粒子は球状である請求項7または8記載の方法。
- 前記炭素粉末はカーボンナノ繊維を含む請求項7~9のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記炭素含有樹脂の層は、その中に均一に分散した黒鉛を含む請求項8~10のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記炭素化は、1200℃以上の温度で行なわれる請求項7~11のいずれか1項記載の方法。
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CN200980150813.6A CN102257836B (zh) | 2008-12-18 | 2009-12-08 | 碳质音响振动板及其制造方法 |
KR1020117013745A KR101321128B1 (ko) | 2008-12-18 | 2009-12-08 | 탄소질 음향 진동판과 그 제조 방법 |
US13/133,360 US8544595B2 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2009-12-08 | Carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm and method for manufacturing the same |
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US8544595B2 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2013-10-01 | Mitsubishi Pencil Company, Limited | Carbonaceous acoustic diaphragm and method for manufacturing the same |
CN115896863A (zh) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-04-04 | 清华大学 | 超薄碱性水电解用复合隔膜及其制备方法和碱性水电解装置 |
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KR101389473B1 (ko) * | 2012-10-08 | 2014-05-27 | 주식회사 한빛티앤아이 | Tv 스피커용 나노 진동판 |
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US9769570B2 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2017-09-19 | Bose Corporation | Acoustic diaphragm |
CN106276853A (zh) * | 2016-08-10 | 2017-01-04 | 玉灵华科技有限公司 | 一种量子碳素 |
JP7333684B2 (ja) * | 2018-04-26 | 2023-08-25 | 三菱鉛筆株式会社 | 超音波探触子 |
US11289786B2 (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2022-03-29 | Acoustic Metamaterials LLC | Metamaterial loudspeaker diaphragm |
CN114105667B (zh) * | 2020-08-28 | 2023-04-11 | 常州驰科光电科技有限公司 | 一种球顶材料及其制备方法 |
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- 2009-12-08 KR KR1020117013745A patent/KR101321128B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2009-12-08 CN CN200980150813.6A patent/CN102257836B/zh active Active
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CN115896863A (zh) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-04-04 | 清华大学 | 超薄碱性水电解用复合隔膜及其制备方法和碱性水电解装置 |
CN115896863B (zh) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-09-12 | 清华大学 | 超薄碱性水电解用复合隔膜及其制备方法和碱性水电解装置 |
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US20110240401A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
CN102257836A (zh) | 2011-11-23 |
US8544595B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 |
CN102257836B (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
KR20110095355A (ko) | 2011-08-24 |
KR101321128B1 (ko) | 2013-10-22 |
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