WO2010050006A1 - 空気調和装置 - Google Patents
空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010050006A1 WO2010050006A1 PCT/JP2008/069613 JP2008069613W WO2010050006A1 WO 2010050006 A1 WO2010050006 A1 WO 2010050006A1 JP 2008069613 W JP2008069613 W JP 2008069613W WO 2010050006 A1 WO2010050006 A1 WO 2010050006A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- refrigerant
- heat
- heat medium
- valve
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
- F24F3/065—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units with a plurality of evaporators or condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/001—Compression cycle type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
- F24F2203/02—System or Device comprising a heat pump as a subsystem, e.g. combined with humidification/dehumidification, heating, natural energy or with hybrid system
- F24F2203/021—Compression cycle
- F24F2203/023—Compression cycle with turbine used for expansion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
- F24F2221/54—Heating and cooling, simultaneously or alternatively
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/006—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for two pipes connecting the outdoor side to the indoor side with multiple indoor units
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0231—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units with simultaneous cooling and heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0233—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units in parallel arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/0272—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using bridge circuits of one-way valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
- F25B5/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in series
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioner applied to a building multi air conditioner or the like.
- a refrigerant is circulated between an outdoor unit that is a heat source unit arranged outdoors and an indoor unit arranged indoors, thereby transporting cold or hot heat to an air-conditioning target area such as a room, thereby performing cooling operation or heating operation.
- an air conditioner adapted to execute is applied (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- an HFC refrigerant is often used.
- natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) have also been used.
- chiller systems There are also air conditioners with other configurations represented by chiller systems.
- cold heat or heat is generated in a heat source device arranged outdoors, and the cold heat or heat is transmitted to a heat medium such as water or antifreeze liquid by a heat exchanger arranged in the outdoor device, and this is transferred to the air conditioning target area. It is transported to a fan coil unit, a panel heater or the like, which is an indoor unit that is arranged, and a cooling operation or a heating operation is executed (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- a waste heat recovery type chiller that connects four water pipes to a heat source machine to supply cold and hot heat.
- the refrigerant filling amount becomes very large, and when the refrigerant leaks from the refrigerant circuit, for example, the global warming proceeds. It will adversely affect the global environment.
- R410A has a large global warming potential of 1970, and in order to use such a refrigerant, it is very important to reduce the amount of refrigerant charged from the viewpoint of protecting the global environment.
- the human body may be adversely affected by the chemical properties of the refrigerant. For this reason, measures such as ventilation more than necessary or installing a leak sensor are required, leading to increased costs and increased power consumption.
- the density of water changes with changes in water temperature, so a device that absorbs the expansion of water is required, and an expansion tank must be selected for each installed system. There was a load required to select the tank.
- the expansion tank has a relatively large shape and cannot be stored in a ceiling or the like, and must be installed in a machine room or the like. That is, a large installation space where an expansion tank can be installed has to be secured.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, has high energy saving performance, prevents high-pressure refrigerant from being transferred to the indoor unit, and prevents the refrigerant from entering the living space. It is an object of the present invention to provide an air-conditioning apparatus that can easily execute the above-described process and save space.
- An air conditioner includes at least one intermediate heat exchanger that exchanges heat between a refrigerant and a heat medium different from the refrigerant, a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, at least one expansion valve, and the intermediate A refrigeration cycle circuit in which the refrigerant side flow path of the heat exchanger is connected via a pipe through which the refrigerant flows, a heat medium side flow path, a pump, and a use side heat exchanger of the intermediate heat exchanger, A heat medium circulation circuit connected via a pipe through which the heat medium flows, and the compressor and the outdoor heat exchanger as an outdoor unit, the intermediate heat exchanger and the pump as a relay unit, and the utilization A side heat exchanger is accommodated in each indoor unit, and an expansion absorption device for absorbing volume change of the heat medium is connected to the heat medium circulation circuit.
- the expansion absorbing device for each property can be eliminated, and the system selection work can be simplified.
- FIG. It is a schematic circuit diagram which shows the structure of an air conditioning apparatus. It is a partial circuit block diagram which shows an example of the circuit structure which connected the expansion tank. It is a partial circuit block diagram which shows another example of the circuit structure which connected the expansion tank. It is an internal perspective view which shows schematic structure of an expansion tank. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the feed water pressure and capacity
- coolant at the time of heating main operation mode of an air conditioning apparatus. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a refrigerant circuit figure which shows the flow of the refrigerant
- Heat source device (outdoor unit), 2 indoor unit, 2a indoor unit, 2b indoor unit, 2c indoor unit, 2d indoor unit, 3 relay unit, 3a relay unit, 3b relay unit, 4 refrigerant pipe, 4a first connection pipe, 4b 2nd connection piping, 5 piping, 5a piping, 5b piping, 6 outdoor space, 7 living space, 9 building, 10 compressor, 11 four-way valve, 12 heat source side heat exchanger, 13a check valve, 13b check valve 13c check valve, 13d check valve, 14 gas-liquid separator, 15 intermediate heat exchanger, 15a first intermediate heat exchanger, 15b second intermediate heat exchanger, 16 expansion valve, 16a expansion valve, 16b expansion valve 16c expansion valve, 16d expansion valve, 16e expansion valve, 17 accumulator, 21 pump, 21a first pump, 21b second pump, 22 flow path switching 22a channel switching valve, 22b channel switching valve, 22c channel switching valve, 22d channel switching valve, 22e channel switching valve, 22f channel switching valve, 23 channel switching valve, 23a channel switching valve,
- Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
- Embodiment 1 Since the HFC refrigerants such as R410A, R407C, and R404A have a large global warming potential, when the refrigerant leaks, the load on the environment is large. Accordingly, in recent years, natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, or hydrocarbons, or refrigerants such as HFO have been studied as refrigerants that can replace HFC refrigerants. However, these refrigerants are flammable (for example, ammonia and hydrocarbons) or have a low leakage limit concentration. That is, although these refrigerants have a small global warming potential, it is not preferable to bring them into the living space in view of the influence on the human body and safety.
- Table 1 shows an example of the limit leakage concentration in the living space defined by the ISO standard. From Table 1, R410A, one of the HFC refrigerants currently widely used in direct expansion air conditioners, has a leakage limit concentration larger than that of other refrigerants, and the effects of leakage are also affected. It turns out that it does not matter so much. On the other hand, natural refrigerants such as ammonia, propane, which is one of hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide have very small leakage limit concentrations. Therefore, in order to apply these refrigerants to an air conditioner, for example, a circuit of a refrigerant section It can be seen that it is necessary to take measures against leakage such as blocking the water circuit.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an installation state of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a schematic configuration of the air conditioner will be described with reference to FIG.
- This air conditioner uses a refrigeration cycle (refrigeration cycle circuit and heat medium circulation circuit) that circulates refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium (water, antifreeze liquid, etc.)), and performs a cooling operation or a heating operation. is there.
- refrigerant heat source side refrigerant and heat medium (water, antifreeze liquid, etc.
- the relationship of the size of each component may be different from the actual one.
- the air conditioner includes a heat source device 1 that is a heat source device, a plurality of indoor units 2, and a relay unit 3 that is interposed between the heat source device 1 and the indoor units 2.
- the relay unit 3 performs heat exchange between the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium, and includes a first relay unit 3a and a second relay unit 3b.
- the heat source device 1 and the relay unit 3 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 4 that conducts the heat source side refrigerant, and the relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are connected by a pipe 5 that conducts the heat medium, and are generated by the heat source device 1.
- the cold or warm heat is delivered to the indoor unit 2.
- the number of connected heat source devices 1, indoor units 2, and relay units 3 is not limited to the number shown.
- the heat source device 1 is disposed in an outdoor space 6 that is a space outside a building 9 such as a building, and supplies cold or hot heat to the indoor unit 2 via the relay unit 3.
- the indoor unit 2 is disposed in a living space 7 such as a living room or a server room in a building 9 that can carry cooling air or heating air, and the cooling air or heating air is supplied to the living space 7 that is an air-conditioning target area.
- the relay unit 3 is configured as a separate body from the heat source device 1 and the indoor unit 2, and is disposed at a position different from the outdoor space 6 and the living space 7 (hereinafter referred to as a non-residential space 50). 1 and the indoor unit 2 are connected, and the cold or warm heat supplied from the heat source device 1 is transmitted to the indoor unit 2.
- the outdoor space 6 imagines a place existing outside the building 9, for example, a rooftop as shown in FIG.
- the non-residential space 50 is an image of a place where people are not always present, such as the upper part of the hallway, for example, a common area with a ceiling of a common zone, an elevator, a machine room, a computer room, or a warehouse.
- the living space 7 is an image of a place where people always exist or a place where a large number or a small number of people exist temporarily, such as offices, classrooms, conference rooms, cafeterias, server rooms, and the like.
- the hatched portion shown in FIG. 1 represents a pipe shaft 51 through which the pipe 5 is passed.
- the heat source device 1 and the first relay unit 3 a are connected using two refrigerant pipes 4. Further, the first relay unit 3 a and the second relay unit 3 b are connected by three refrigerant pipes 4. Further, the second relay unit 3b and each indoor unit 2 are connected by two pipes 5 respectively.
- the construction of the air conditioner is facilitated by connecting the heat source device 1 to the relay unit 3 with the two refrigerant pipes 4 and connecting the indoor unit 2 to the relay unit 3 with the two pipes 5. .
- the indoor unit 2 is shown as an example of a ceiling cassette type, but is not limited to this.
- the indoor unit 2 can blow cold heat or heat directly into the living space 7 by a duct or the like. Any type may be used, for example, a ceiling-embedded type or a ceiling-suspended type.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which the heat source device 1 is installed in the outdoor space 6, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the heat source device 1 may be installed in an enclosed space such as a machine room with a ventilation opening, and if the waste heat can be exhausted outside the building 9 by an exhaust duct, It may be installed inside, or may be installed inside the building 9 when the water-cooled heat source device 1 is used. Even if the heat source device 1 is installed in such a place, no particular problem occurs.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram showing the configuration of the air conditioning apparatus 100. Based on FIG. 2, the detailed structure of the air conditioning apparatus 100 is demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 2, the heat source device 1 and the relay unit 3 are connected via a first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and a second intermediate heat exchanger 15b provided in the second relay unit 3b. The relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are also connected via a first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and a second intermediate heat exchanger 15b provided in the second relay unit 3.
- the structure and function of each component apparatus provided in the air conditioning apparatus 100 will be described.
- Heat source device 1 In the heat source device 1, a compressor 10, a four-way valve 11 that is a refrigerant flow switching device, a heat source side heat exchanger (outdoor heat exchanger) 12, and an accumulator 17 are connected in series by a refrigerant pipe 4. Contained. Further, the heat source device 1 is provided with a first connection pipe 4a, a second connection pipe 4b, a check valve 13a, a check valve 13b, a check valve 13c, and a check valve 13d. By providing the first connection pipe 4a, the second connection pipe 4b, the check valve 13a, the check valve 13b, the check valve 13c, and the check valve 13d, relay is performed regardless of the operation required by the indoor unit 2. The flow of the heat source side refrigerant flowing into the unit 3 can be in a certain direction.
- the compressor 10 sucks the heat source side refrigerant and compresses the heat source side refrigerant to be in a high temperature / high pressure state, and may be configured by, for example, an inverter compressor capable of capacity control.
- the four-way valve 11 switches the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the heating operation and the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the cooling operation.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 12 functions as an evaporator during heating operation, functions as a condenser during cooling operation, and performs heat exchange between air supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown) and the heat source side refrigerant.
- the heat source side refrigerant is evaporated or condensed and liquefied.
- the accumulator 17 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 10 and stores excess refrigerant.
- the check valve 13d is provided in the refrigerant pipe 4 between the relay unit 3 and the four-way valve 11, and allows the flow of the heat source side refrigerant only in a predetermined direction (direction from the relay unit 3 to the heat source device 1). It is.
- the check valve 13a is provided in the refrigerant pipe 4 between the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the relay unit 3, and flows the heat source side refrigerant only in a predetermined direction (direction from the heat source device 1 to the relay unit 3). It is acceptable.
- the check valve 13b is provided in the first connection pipe 4a and allows the heat source side refrigerant to flow only in the direction from the upstream side of the check valve 13d to the upstream side of the check valve 13a.
- the check valve 13c is provided in the second connection pipe 4b and allows the heat source side refrigerant to flow only in the direction from the downstream side of the check valve 13d to the downstream side of the check valve 13a.
- the first connection pipe 4a connects the refrigerant pipe 4 on the upstream side of the check valve 13d and the refrigerant pipe 4 on the upstream side of the check valve 13a.
- the second connection pipe 4b connects the refrigerant pipe 4 on the downstream side of the check valve 13d and the refrigerant pipe 4 on the downstream side of the check valve 13a.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which the first connection pipe 4a, the second connection pipe 4b, the check valve 13a, the check valve 13b, the check valve 13c, and the check valve 13d are provided.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and these are not necessarily provided.
- Each indoor unit 2 is equipped with a use side heat exchanger 26.
- the use side heat exchanger 26 is connected to the stop valve 24 and the flow rate adjustment valve 25 of the second relay unit 3 b via the pipe 5.
- the use side heat exchanger 26 performs heat exchange between air supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown) and a heat medium, and generates heating air or cooling air to be supplied to an air-conditioning target area. It is.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which four indoor units 2 are connected to the relay unit 3, and are illustrated as an indoor unit 2a, an indoor unit 2b, an indoor unit 2c, and an indoor unit 2d from the bottom of the page.
- the use side heat exchanger 26 also uses the use side heat exchanger 26a, the use side heat exchanger 26b, the use side heat exchanger 26c, and the use side heat exchanger 26d from the lower side of the drawing.
- the number of connected indoor units 2 is not limited to four as shown in FIG.
- the relay unit 3 is composed of a first relay unit 3a and a second relay unit 3b with separate housings. With this configuration, a plurality of second relay units 3b can be connected to one first relay unit 3a.
- the first relay unit 3a is provided with a gas-liquid separator 14 and an expansion valve 16e.
- the second relay unit 3b includes two intermediate heat exchangers 15, four expansion valves 16, two pumps 21, four flow path switching valves 22, four flow path switching valves 23, A stop valve 24 and four flow rate adjustment valves 25 are provided.
- the gas-liquid separator 14 includes one refrigerant pipe 4 connected to the heat source device 1, and two refrigerant pipes connected to the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b of the second relay unit 3b. 4, the heat source side refrigerant supplied from the heat source device 1 is separated into a vapor refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant.
- the expansion valve 16e is provided between the refrigerant pipe 4 connecting the expansion valve 16a and the expansion valve 16b and the gas-liquid separator 14, and functions as a pressure reducing valve or a throttle device to depressurize the heat source side refrigerant. To inflate.
- the expansion valve 16e may be configured with a valve whose opening degree can be variably controlled, such as an electronic expansion valve.
- the two intermediate heat exchangers 15 (the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b) function as a condenser or an evaporator, and perform heat exchange between the heat-source-side refrigerant and the heat medium.
- the cold or warm heat generated in 1 is supplied to the indoor unit 2.
- the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is provided between the gas-liquid separator 14 and the expansion valve 16d.
- the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b is provided between the expansion valve 16a and the expansion valve 16c.
- the four expansion valves 16 function as pressure reducing valves and throttle devices, and expand the heat source side refrigerant by reducing the pressure.
- the expansion valve 16a is provided between the expansion valve 16a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.
- the expansion valve 16b is provided in parallel with the expansion valve 16a.
- the expansion valve 16c is provided between the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b and the first relay unit 3a.
- the expansion valve 16d is provided between the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the expansion valve 16a and the expansion valve 16b.
- the four expansion valves 16 may be configured by a valve whose opening can be variably controlled, for example, an electronic expansion valve.
- the two pumps 21 are composed of pumps or the like, and circulate a heat medium that conducts through the pipe 5.
- the first pump 21 a is provided in the pipe 5 between the first intermediate heat exchanger 15 a and the flow path switching valve 22.
- the second pump 21 b is provided in the pipe 5 between the second intermediate heat exchanger 15 b and the flow path switching valve 22.
- the types of the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b are not particularly limited, and may be configured by, for example, a pump whose capacity can be controlled.
- the four flow path switching valves 22 are constituted by three-way valves and switch the flow path of the heat medium.
- the number (four here) of the flow path switching valves 22 according to the number of indoor units 2 installed is provided.
- the flow path switching valve 22 one of the three sides is connected to the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, one of the three sides is connected to the second intermediate heat exchanger 15, and one of the three sides is connected to the stop valve 24, respectively. And provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26.
- the flow path switching valve 22a, the flow path switching valve 22b, the flow path switching valve 22c, and the flow path switching valve 22d are illustrated from the lower side of the drawing.
- the four flow path switching valves 23 are constituted by three-way valves and switch the flow path of the heat medium.
- the number of flow path switching valves 23 is set according to the number of installed indoor units 2 (here, four).
- one of the three sides is the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a
- one of the three sides is the second intermediate heat exchanger 15
- one of the three sides is the flow control valve 25, respectively. It is connected and provided on the outlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26.
- the flow path switching valve 23a, the flow path switching valve 23b, the flow path switching valve 23c, and the flow path switching valve 23d are illustrated from the lower side of the drawing.
- the four stop valves 24 are constituted by two-way valves and open and close the pipe 5.
- the number of stop valves 24 is set according to the number of indoor units 2 installed (here, four).
- One of the stop valves 24 is connected to the use side heat exchanger 26 and the other is connected to the flow path switching valve 22, and is provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26.
- the stop valve 24a, the stop valve 24b, the stop valve 24c, and the stop valve 24d are illustrated from the lower side of the drawing.
- the four flow rate adjustment valves 25 are constituted by three-way valves and switch the flow path of the heat medium.
- the number of flow rate adjustment valves 25 is set according to the number of installed indoor units 2 (four in this case).
- the flow rate adjusting valve 25 is connected to the use side heat exchanger 26, one of the three directions is connected to the bypass 27, and one of the three directions is connected to the flow path switching valve 23. It is provided on the outlet side of the heat medium flow path of the exchanger 26.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 25a, the flow rate adjustment valve 25b, the flow rate adjustment valve 25c, and the flow rate adjustment valve 25d are illustrated from the lower side of the drawing.
- the bypass 27 is provided so as to connect the pipe 5 and the flow rate adjustment valve 25 between the stop valve 24 and the use side heat exchanger 26.
- the number of bypasses 27 according to the number of installed indoor units 2 (here, four, that is, bypass 27a, bypass 27b, bypass 27c, and bypass 27d) is provided.
- they are illustrated as a bypass 27a, a bypass 27b, a bypass 27c, and a bypass 27d from the lower side of the drawing.
- the second relay unit 3b includes two first temperature sensors 31, two second temperature sensors 32, four third temperature sensors 33, four fourth temperature sensors 34, and a fifth temperature sensor. 35, a first pressure sensor 36, a sixth temperature sensor 37, and a seventh temperature sensor 38 are provided. Information detected by these detection means is sent to a control device (not shown) that controls the operation of the air conditioner 100, and the drive frequency of the compressor 10 and the pump 21 and the switching of the flow path of the heat medium flowing through the pipe 5 are switched. It will be used for control.
- the two first temperature sensors 31 detect the heat medium flowing out from the intermediate heat exchanger 15, that is, the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 15.
- a thermistor may be used.
- the first temperature sensor 31a is provided in the pipe 5 on the inlet side of the first pump 21a.
- the second temperature sensor 31b is provided in the pipe 5 on the inlet side of the second pump 21b.
- the two second temperature sensors 32 detect the heat medium flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 15, that is, the temperature of the heat medium at the inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 15.
- a thermistor may be used.
- the second temperature sensor 32a is provided in the pipe 5 on the inlet side of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a.
- the second temperature sensor 32b is provided in the pipe 5 on the inlet side of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.
- the four third temperature sensors 33 are provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26, and control the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the use side heat exchanger 26. It is to be detected, and may be composed of a thermistor or the like.
- the number of third temperature sensors 33 (four here) according to the number of indoor units 2 installed is provided. In correspondence with the indoor unit 2, the third temperature sensor 33a, the third temperature sensor 33b, the third temperature sensor 33c, and the third temperature sensor 33d are illustrated from the lower side of the drawing.
- the four fourth temperature sensors 34 are provided on the outlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26, and the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchanger 26 is measured. It is to be detected, and may be composed of a thermistor or the like.
- the number (four here) of the fourth temperature sensors 34 according to the number of installed indoor units 2 is provided. In correspondence with the indoor unit 2, the fourth temperature sensor 34 a, the fourth temperature sensor 34 b, the fourth temperature sensor 34 c, and the fourth temperature sensor 34 d are illustrated from the lower side of the drawing.
- the fifth temperature sensor 35 is provided on the outlet side of the heat source side refrigerant flow path of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and detects the temperature of the heat source side refrigerant flowing out of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a.
- the first pressure sensor 36 is provided on the outlet side of the heat source side refrigerant flow path of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and detects the pressure of the heat source side refrigerant flowing out of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a.
- the sixth temperature sensor 37 is provided on the inlet side of the heat source side refrigerant flow path of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b and detects the temperature of the heat source side refrigerant flowing into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.
- the seventh temperature sensor 38 is provided on the outlet side of the heat source side refrigerant flow path of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and detects the temperature of the heat source side refrigerant flowing out of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.
- the thermistor Etc is provided on the outlet side of the heat source side refrigerant flow path of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and detects the temperature of the heat source side refrigerant flowing out of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.
- the pipe 5 for conducting the heat medium is connected to the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a (hereinafter referred to as the pipe 5a) and connected to the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b (hereinafter referred to as the pipe 5b). ) And.
- the pipe 5 a and the pipe 5 b are branched (here, four branches each) according to the number of indoor units 2 connected to the relay unit 3.
- the pipe 5a and the pipe 5b are connected by a flow path switching valve 22, a flow path switching valve 23, and a flow rate adjustment valve 25.
- the heat medium that conducts the pipe 5a is caused to flow into the use side heat exchanger 26, or the heat medium that conducts the pipe 5b is used as the use side heat exchanger 26. It is decided whether to flow into the.
- the compressor 10, the four-way valve 11, the heat source side heat exchanger 12, the first intermediate heat exchanger 15 a, and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15 b are sequentially connected in series through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the refrigeration cycle circuit is configured.
- the 1st intermediate heat exchanger 15a, the 1st pump 21a, and the utilization side heat exchanger 26 are connected in series with the pipe 5a in order, and comprise the heat-medium circulation circuit.
- the 2nd intermediate heat exchanger 15b, the 2nd pump 21b, and the use side heat exchanger 26 are connected in series in order with piping 5b, and constitute a heat carrier circulation circuit. That is, a plurality of usage-side heat exchangers 26 are connected in parallel to each of the intermediate heat exchangers 15, and the heat medium circulation circuit has a plurality of systems.
- the heat source device 1 and the relay unit 3 are connected via the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b provided in the relay unit 3.
- the relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are connected by the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and the refrigeration cycle circuit is connected by the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.
- coolant used for a refrigerating cycle circuit and a heat-medium circulation circuit is demonstrated.
- a non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant such as R407C
- a pseudo-azeotropic mixed refrigerant such as R410A
- a single refrigerant such as R22
- Natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons may be used.
- the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium are used in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b as shown in FIG.
- the counter-flow type can improve the heat exchange performance when heating the heat medium.
- the heat medium circulation circuit is connected to the use side heat exchanger 26 of the indoor unit 2 as described above. Therefore, in the air conditioning apparatus 100, it is assumed that a heat medium having high safety is used in consideration of a case where the heat medium leaks into a room or the like where the indoor unit 2 is installed. Therefore, for example, water, antifreeze liquid, a mixture of water and antifreeze liquid, or the like can be used as the heat medium. According to this configuration, refrigerant leakage due to freezing or corrosion can be prevented even at a low outside air temperature, and high reliability can be obtained. In addition, when the indoor unit 2 is installed in a place such as a computer room that dislikes moisture, a fluorine-based inert liquid having high thermal insulation can be used as a heat medium.
- FIG. 3 is a partial circuit configuration diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration to which the expansion tank 60 is connected.
- FIG. 4 is a partial circuit configuration diagram showing another example of the circuit configuration to which the expansion tank 60 is connected.
- FIG. 5 is an internal perspective view showing a schematic structure of the expansion tank 60.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the supply water pressure and the capacity of the expansion tank 60. Based on FIGS. 3 to 6, the expansion tank 60 will be described together with the installation restrictions of the relay unit 3.
- FIG. As shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, in the air conditioner 100, an expansion tank 60, which is one of the expansion absorbers for absorbing the volume change of the heat medium, is connected to the second relay unit 3b. The case where the expansion tank 60 is accommodated in the relay unit 3 will be described as an example.
- the horizontal axis indicates the water supply water pressure [MPaG]
- the vertical axis indicates the capacity [L] of the expansion tank 60.
- the heat medium such as water has a characteristic that the volume increases when the temperature rises, and the volume decreases when the temperature falls. Therefore, when the flow path of the heat medium is a closed circuit as in the air conditioner 100 according to Embodiment 1, if there is no mechanism for absorbing this volume change, the pipe 5 is ruptured by volume expansion. There is a possibility that. Therefore, the air conditioner 100 is provided with two expansion tanks 60 as devices for absorbing expansion of the heat medium.
- the two expansion tanks 60 (the heating side expansion tank 60a and the cooling side expansion tank 60b) are connected to the heating side expansion tank connection port 42 and the cooling side expansion tank connection port 43 shown in FIG.
- the pipe 65a and the cooling side connection pipe 65b) are connected.
- the heating-side expansion tank 60a and the cooling-side expansion tank 60b each have a partition wall 66 made of rubber or the like having flexibility, an air reservoir is formed at the lower portion with the partition wall 66 as a boundary, and the heat medium flows into the upper portion.
- the heating side connection pipe 65a is connected to the upper part of the heating side expansion tank 60a
- the cooling side connection pipe 65b is connected to the upper part of the cooling side expansion tank 60b
- the partition wall 66 is formed depending on the volume of the inflowing heat medium. It is designed to expand.
- the partition wall 66 is at the upper part, and when the temperature of the heat medium rises and the volume of the heat medium increases, the partition wall 66 swells to the lower part and absorbs the volume expansion. ing.
- a device for lowering the minimum pressure of the air reservoir or increasing the pressure resistance of the expansion tank 60 can be considered.
- the height of the relay unit 3 must be suppressed to about 300 mm or less. From such a background, it is required to reduce the size of the expansion tank 60, that is, to reduce P0 / P1.
- connection ports to the expansion tank 60 (heating-side expansion tank connection port 42 and cooling-side expansion tank connection port 43). As shown in FIG. 2, it must be taken out from the suction side of the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b.
- the limit pressure of the expansion tank 60 is considered as 490 kPaG is described.
- the relay unit 3 when the relay unit 3 is installed above the indoor unit 2, there is no head pressure applied to the expansion tank 60, and P0 approaches 0 as much as possible. Can do. However, actually, the relay unit 3 is not always installed above the indoor unit 2. That is, it is conceivable that the relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are installed as shown in FIG. Further, a water pipe 62 is connected to the heat medium circulation circuit of the air conditioner 100 via an expansion valve 61, and water is injected into the heat medium circulation circuit with the pressure of tap water. .
- the pressure of tap water supplied from the water pipe 62 is applied to the expansion tank 60. Therefore, if the height difference h between the indoor unit 2 and the relay unit 3 is 10 m and the tap water supply pressure is about 100 kPaG as shown in FIG. 4, the volume of the expansion tank 60 can be suppressed to about 5 liters from FIG. It can be made large enough to be stored behind the ceiling. As described above, since the expansion tank 60 is provided in the air conditioner 100 in advance, the expansion tank 60 for each property is not required as in the past, and the system selection operation can be simplified. When the expansion tank 60 is not accommodated in the relay unit 3, the height difference h between the indoor unit 2 and the expansion tank 60 is set to 10 m.
- each operation mode which the air conditioning apparatus 100 performs is demonstrated.
- the air conditioner 100 can perform a cooling operation or a heating operation in the indoor unit 2 based on an instruction from each indoor unit 2. That is, the air conditioner 100 can perform the same operation for all the indoor units 2 and can perform different operations for each of the indoor units 2.
- four operation modes executed by the air conditioner 100 that is, a cooling only operation mode in which all the driven indoor units 2 execute the cooling operation, and all the driven indoor units 2 execute the heating operation.
- the heating only operation mode, the cooling main operation mode in which the cooling load is larger, and the heating main operation mode in which the heating load is larger will be described together with the refrigerant flow.
- FIG. 7 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the cooling only operation mode.
- the cooling only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a cooling load is generated only in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b. That is, FIG. 7 illustrates a case where no cooling load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26c and the use side heat exchanger 26d.
- a pipe represented by a thick line shows a pipe through which the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates. Further, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the four-way valve 11 is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12.
- the first pump 21a is stopped, the second pump 21b is driven, the stop valve 24a and the stop valve 24b are opened, the stop valve 24c and the stop valve 24d are closed, and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.
- the respective use side heat exchangers 26 are circulated. In this state, the operation of the compressor 10 is started.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the four-way valve 11 and flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12. Then, the heat source side heat exchanger 12 condenses and liquefies while radiating heat to the outdoor air, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 flows out of the heat source device 1 through the check valve 13a, and flows into the first relay unit 3a through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the first relay unit 3a flows into the gas-liquid separator 14, and then flows into the second relay unit 3b through the expansion valve 16e.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the second relay unit 3b is throttled by the expansion valve 16a to expand, and becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- This gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b acting as an evaporator, and absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circulation circuit, thereby cooling the heat medium, while maintaining a low temperature and low pressure. It becomes a gas refrigerant.
- the gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b passes through the expansion valve 16c, then flows out of the second relay unit 3b and the first relay unit 3a, and flows into the heat source device 1 through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source device 1 passes through the check valve 13d and is re-inhaled into the compressor 10 via the four-way valve 11 and the accumulator 17.
- the expansion valve 16b and the expansion valve 16d have small openings so that the refrigerant does not flow, and the expansion valve 16c is in a fully open state so that no pressure loss occurs.
- the heat medium in the heat medium circuit In the cooling only operation mode, since the first pump 21a is stopped, the heat medium circulates through the pipe 5b.
- the heat medium cooled by the heat source side refrigerant in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows in the pipe 5b by the second pump 21b.
- the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the second pump 21b passes through the stop valve 24 (stop valve 24a and stop valve 24b) via the flow path switching valve 22 (flow path switching valve 22a and flow path switching valve 22b). Then, it flows into the use side heat exchanger 26 (the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b). And heat is absorbed from room air in the use side heat exchanger 26, and the air-conditioning target area such as the room where the indoor unit 2 is installed is cooled.
- the heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchanger 26 flows into the flow rate adjusting valve 25 (the flow rate adjusting valve 25a and the flow rate adjusting valve 25b).
- the heat medium having a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the air-conditioning target area such as the room flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26 by the action of the flow rate adjusting valve 25, and the remaining heat medium.
- the heat medium passing through the bypass 27 does not contribute to heat exchange, but joins the heat medium that has passed through the use side heat exchanger 26, and the flow path switching valve 23 (the flow path switching valve 23a and the flow path switching valve 23b). Then, it flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b and is sucked into the second pump 21b again.
- the air conditioning load required in the air conditioning target area such as indoors can be covered by controlling the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 33 and the fourth temperature sensor 34 so as to keep the target value.
- FIG. 8 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the heating only operation mode.
- the heating only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a thermal load is generated only in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b. That is, FIG. 8 illustrates a case where no thermal load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26c and the use side heat exchanger 26d.
- a pipe represented by a thick line shows a pipe through which the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates. Further, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the four-way valve 11 causes the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 to flow into the relay unit 3 without passing through the heat source side heat exchanger 12. Switch to. In the relay unit 3, the first pump 21a is driven, the second pump 21b is stopped, the stop valve 24a and the stop valve 24b are opened, the stop valve 24c and the stop valve 24d are closed, and the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a And the respective use side heat exchangers 26 (the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b) are switched so as to circulate the heat medium. In this state, the operation of the compressor 10 is started.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the four-way valve 11, conducts through the first connection pipe 4 a, passes through the check valve 13 b, and flows out of the heat source device 1.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source device 1 flows into the first relay unit 3 a through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the first relay unit 3a flows into the gas-liquid separator 14, and then flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a through the expansion valve 16e.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is expanded by being throttled by the expansion valve 16d, and enters a low-temperature / low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state.
- the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state throttled by the expansion valve 16d is conducted through the refrigerant pipe 4 via the expansion valve 16b and flows into the heat source device 1 again.
- the refrigerant flowing into the heat source device 1 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 acting as an evaporator through the second connection pipe 4b via the check valve 13d.
- coolant which flowed into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 absorbs heat from outdoor air in the heat source side heat exchanger 12, and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side heat exchanger 12 returns to the compressor 10 via the four-way valve 11 and the accumulator 17.
- the expansion valve 16a, the expansion valve 16c, and the expansion valve 16e have small openings so that the refrigerant does not flow.
- the heat medium in the heat medium circuit will be described.
- the heat medium circulates through the pipe 5a.
- the heat medium heated by the heat source side refrigerant in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a flows in the pipe 5a by the first pump 21a.
- the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the first pump 21a passes through the stop valve 24 (stop valve 24a and stop valve 24b) via the flow path switching valve 22 (flow path switching valve 22a and flow path switching valve 22b).
- it flows into the use side heat exchanger 26 (the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b).
- heat is applied to the indoor air in the use side heat exchanger 26 to heat the air-conditioning target area such as a room where the indoor unit 2 is installed.
- the heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchanger 26 flows into the flow rate adjusting valve 25 (the flow rate adjusting valve 25a and the flow rate adjusting valve 25b).
- the heat medium having a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the air-conditioning target area such as the room flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26 by the action of the flow rate adjusting valve 25, and the remaining heat medium.
- the heat medium passing through the bypass 27 does not contribute to heat exchange, but joins the heat medium that has passed through the use side heat exchanger 26, and the flow path switching valve 23 (the flow path switching valve 23a and the flow path switching valve 23b). And then flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and is sucked into the first pump 21a again.
- the air conditioning load required in the air conditioning target area such as indoors can be covered by controlling the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 33 and the fourth temperature sensor 34 so as to keep the target value.
- FIG. 9 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the cooling main operation mode.
- the cooling main operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a thermal load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26a and a cooling load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26b. That is, FIG. 9 illustrates a case where neither the heat load nor the heat load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26c and the use side heat exchanger 26d.
- a pipe represented by a thick line shows a pipe through which the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates. Further, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the four-way valve 11 is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12.
- the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b are driven, the stop valve 24a and the stop valve 24b are opened, the stop valve 24c and the stop valve 24d are closed, and the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the use side A heat medium circulates between the heat exchanger 26a and between the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the operation of the compressor 10 is started.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the four-way valve 11 and flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12. Then, the heat source side heat exchanger 12 condenses while radiating heat to the outdoor air, and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 flows out of the heat source device 1 through the check valve 13a, and flows into the first relay unit 3a through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the first relay unit 3a flows into the gas-liquid separator 14, is separated into a gas refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant, and flows into the second relay unit 3b.
- the gas refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator 14 flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a.
- the gas refrigerant that has flowed into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit, and becomes a liquid refrigerant.
- the liquid refrigerant flowing out from the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b passes through the expansion valve 16d.
- the liquid refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator 14 is condensed and liquefied by the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a via the expansion valve 16e and merged with the liquid refrigerant that has passed through the expansion valve 16d. It is squeezed and expanded, and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant and flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.
- This gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circulation circuit in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b acting as an evaporator, thereby cooling the heat medium, Become.
- the gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b passes through the expansion valve 16c, then flows out of the second relay unit 3b and the first relay unit 3a, and flows into the heat source device 1 through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source device 1 passes through the check valve 13d and is re-inhaled into the compressor 10 via the four-way valve 11 and the accumulator 17.
- the expansion valve 16b has a small opening so that the refrigerant does not flow, and the expansion valve 16c is in a fully open state so that no pressure loss occurs.
- the heat medium in the heat medium circuit will be described.
- the heat medium circulates through both the pipe 5a and the pipe 5b.
- the heat medium heated by the heat source side refrigerant in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a flows in the pipe 5a by the first pump 21a.
- the heat medium cooled by the heat source side refrigerant in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows in the pipe 5b by the second pump 21b.
- the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the first pump 21a passes through the stop valve 24a through the flow path switching valve 22a and flows into the use side heat exchanger 26a. Then, in the use side heat exchanger 26a, the indoor air is heated to heat the air-conditioning target area such as the room where the indoor unit 2 is installed. Further, the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the second pump 21b passes through the stop valve 24b through the flow path switching valve 22b and flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b. And heat is absorbed from room air in the use side heat exchanger 26b, and the air-conditioning target area such as the room where the indoor unit 2 is installed is cooled.
- the heated heat medium flows into the flow rate adjustment valve 25a.
- the heat medium having a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the air conditioning target area flows into the use side heat exchanger 26a by the action of the flow rate adjusting valve 25a, and the rest passes through the bypass 27a. It flows so as to bypass the use side heat exchanger 26a.
- the heat medium passing through the bypass 27a does not contribute to heat exchange, joins the heat medium that has passed through the use side heat exchanger 26a, and flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a through the flow path switching valve 23a. Then, it is sucked into the first pump 21a again.
- the cooled heat medium flows into the flow rate adjustment valve 25b.
- the heat medium having a flow rate necessary to cover the air-conditioning load required in the air-conditioning target area flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26b by the action of the flow rate adjusting valve 25b, and the rest passes through the bypass 27b. It flows so as to bypass the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the heat medium passing through the bypass 27b does not contribute to heat exchange, joins with the heat medium that has passed through the use side heat exchanger 26b, and flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b through the flow path switching valve 23b. Then, it is sucked into the second pump 21b again.
- the warm heat medium (the heat medium used for the heat load) and the cold heat medium (the heat medium used for the heat load) are the flow path switching valve 22 (the flow path switching valve 22a and the flow path switching valve 22b), And, by the action of the flow path switching valve 23 (the flow path switching valve 23a and the flow path switching valve 23b), the use side heat exchanger 26a having a thermal load and the use side heat exchanger 26b having a cooling load are not mixed without being mixed. Is flowed into.
- the air conditioning load required in the air conditioning target area such as indoors can be covered by controlling the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 33 and the fourth temperature sensor 34 so as to keep the target value.
- FIG. 10 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the heating main operation mode.
- the heating main operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a heat load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26a and a heat load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26b. That is, FIG. 10 illustrates a case where neither the heat load nor the heat load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26c and the use side heat exchanger 26d.
- a pipe represented by a thick line shows a pipe through which the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates. Further, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the four-way valve 11 causes the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 to flow into the relay unit 3 without passing through the heat source side heat exchanger 12. Switch to.
- the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b are driven, the stop valve 24a and the stop valve 24b are opened, the stop valve 24c and the stop valve 24d are closed, and the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the use side A heat medium circulates between the heat exchanger 26a and between the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the operation of the compressor 10 is started.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the four-way valve 11, conducts through the first connection pipe 4 a, passes through the check valve 13 b, and flows out of the heat source device 1.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source device 1 flows into the first relay unit 3 a through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the first relay unit 3a flows into the gas-liquid separator 14, and then flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a through the expansion valve 16e.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is expanded by being throttled by the expansion valve 16d, and enters a low-temperature / low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state.
- the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant throttled by the expansion valve 16d is divided into a flow path passing through the expansion valve 16a and a flow path passing through the expansion valve 16b.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the expansion valve 16a is further expanded by the expansion valve 16a to become a low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, and flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b that functions as an evaporator.
- the refrigerant flowing into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b absorbs heat from the heat medium in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b passes through the expansion valve 16c.
- the refrigerant that is throttled by the expansion valve 16d and flows to the expansion valve 16b merges with the refrigerant that has passed through the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b and the expansion valve 16c, and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant that has a higher dryness.
- the merged refrigerant flows out of the second relay unit 3b and the first relay unit 3a, and flows into the heat source device 1 through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the refrigerant flowing into the heat source device 1 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 acting as an evaporator through the second connection pipe 4b via the check valve 13c.
- coolant which flowed into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 absorbs heat from outdoor air in the heat source side heat exchanger 12, and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side heat exchanger 12 returns to the compressor 10 via the four-way valve 11 and the accumulator 17.
- the expansion valve 16e has a small opening so that the refrigerant does not flow.
- the heat medium in the heat medium circuit will be described.
- the heat medium circulates through both the pipe 5a and the pipe 5b.
- the heat medium heated by the heat source side refrigerant in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a flows in the pipe 5a by the first pump 21a.
- the heat medium cooled by the heat source side refrigerant in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows in the pipe 5b by the second pump 21b.
- the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the first pump 21a passes through the stop valve 24a through the flow path switching valve 22a and flows into the use side heat exchanger 26a. Then, in the use side heat exchanger 26a, the indoor air is heated to heat the air-conditioning target area such as the room where the indoor unit 2 is installed. Further, the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the second pump 21b passes through the stop valve 24b through the flow path switching valve 22b and flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b. And heat is absorbed from room air in the use side heat exchanger 26b, and the air-conditioning target area such as the room where the indoor unit 2 is installed is cooled.
- the heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchanger 26a flows into the flow rate adjusting valve 25a.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 25a due to the action of the flow rate adjustment valve 25a, only the heat medium having a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the air-conditioning target area such as the room flows into the use side heat exchanger 26a, and the remaining heat medium.
- the heat medium passing through the bypass 27a does not contribute to heat exchange, joins the heat medium that has passed through the use side heat exchanger 26a, and flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a through the flow path switching valve 23a. Then, it is sucked into the first pump 21a again.
- the heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchanger 26b flows into the flow rate adjusting valve 25b.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 25b due to the action of the flow rate adjustment valve 25b, only the heat medium having a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the air-conditioning target area such as the room flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b, and the remaining heat medium.
- the heat medium passing through the bypass 27b does not contribute to heat exchange, joins with the heat medium that has passed through the use side heat exchanger 26b, and flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b through the flow path switching valve 23b. Then, it is sucked into the second pump 21b again.
- the warm heat medium and the cold heat medium are divided into the flow path switching valve 22 (flow path switching valve 22a and flow path switching valve 22b) and the flow path switching valve 23 (flow path switching valve 23a and flow path switching valve 23b).
- the flow path switching valve 22 flow path switching valve 22a and flow path switching valve 22b
- the flow path switching valve 23 flow path switching valve 23a and flow path switching valve 23b.
- the flow path is closed by the stop valve 24 and the heat medium flows to the use side heat exchanger 26. I am trying not to.
- a heat medium is flowing because there is a heat load in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, but in the use side heat exchanger 26c and the use side heat exchanger 26d, the heat load is passed.
- the corresponding stop valve 24c and stop valve 24d are closed.
- the stop valve 24c or the stop valve 24d may be opened to circulate the heat medium.
- the gas-liquid separator 14 is installed in the first relay unit 3a to separate the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant, there is no gap between the heat source device 1 and the first relay unit 3a. Can be operated simultaneously with cooling and heating while being connected by two refrigerant pipes 4. Further, by switching and controlling the flow path switching valve 22, the flow path switching valve 23, the stop valve 24, and the flow rate adjustment valve 25 on the heat medium side, the cold or warm heat generated in the heat source device 1 is passed through the heat medium. Since it is configured so that it can be supplied to the load side, cold or warm heat can be freely supplied to each use-side heat exchanger 26 with two pipes 5 on the load side.
- the relay unit 3 (the first relay unit 3a and the second relay unit 3b) is a separate housing from the heat source device 1 and the indoor unit 2, it can be installed at a position different from these. As shown in FIG. 1, if the first relay unit 3a and the second relay unit 3b are installed in the non-residential space 50, the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium can be shut off, and the heat source It is possible to prevent the side refrigerant from flowing in, and the safety and reliability of the air conditioner 100 are improved.
- the heat medium temperature at the outlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a detected by the first temperature sensor 31a is the first intermediate heat detected by the second temperature sensor 32a. It does not become higher than the heat medium temperature at the inlet of the exchanger 15a, and the heating amount of the superheated gas region of the heat source side refrigerant is small. For this reason, the heat medium temperature at the outlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is restricted by the condensation temperature determined by the saturation temperature of the first pressure sensor 36.
- the heat medium temperature at the outlet of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b detected by the first temperature sensor 31b is detected by the second temperature sensor 32b. It does not become lower than the heat medium temperature at the inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 15b.
- the air conditioner 100 it is effective to respond to an increase or decrease in the heat load on the secondary side (use side) by changing the condensation temperature or evaporation temperature on the refrigeration cycle circuit side. . Therefore, it is desirable to change the control target value of the condensation temperature or / and evaporation temperature of the refrigeration cycle circuit stored in the control device (not shown) according to the magnitude of the heat load on the use side. By doing in this way, it becomes possible to easily follow the change in the heat load on the user side.
- the change of the heat load on the use side is grasped by a control device connected to the second relay unit 3b.
- control target values of the condensation temperature and the evaporation temperature are stored in a control device connected to the heat source device 1 in which the compressor 10 and the heat source side heat exchanger 12 are built. Therefore, a signal line is connected between the control device connected to the second relay unit 3b and the control device connected to the heat source device 1, and the control target value of the condensation temperature or / and the evaporation temperature is determined by communication.
- the control target value of the condensation temperature or / and the evaporation temperature stored in the control device connected to the heat source device 1 is changed. Further, the control target value may be changed by communicating a deviation value of the control target value.
- control device can control the drive frequency of the compressor 10 so as to reduce the work amount of the compressor 10 when it is understood that the heat load on the use side has decreased. Therefore, the air conditioner 100 can be operated more energy saving.
- the control device connected to the second relay unit 3b and the control device connected to the heat source device 1 may be assigned to one control device.
- a refrigerant having a relatively low conversion coefficient or a mixture thereof, or a natural refrigerant such as carbon dioxide or propane can be used is described as an example.
- the refrigerant is not limited to the refrigerants listed here. Absent.
- the case where the accumulator 17 is provided in the heat source device 1 has been described as an example. However, even if the accumulator 17 is not provided, the same operation is performed and the same effect is obtained.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the use side heat exchanger 26 are provided with a blowing device such as a fan, and often condense or evaporate by air blowing, but this is not a limitation.
- a blowing device such as a fan
- a heat exchanger such as a panel heater using radiation can be used as the use-side heat exchanger 26, and a water-cooling type heat that moves heat by water or antifreeze as the heat source-side heat exchanger 12 can be used.
- Any type of heat exchanger can be used as long as it has a structure that can dissipate or absorb heat.
- each of the use side heat exchangers 26 has been described as an example. It is not limited. For example, a plurality of each of the use side heat exchangers 26 may be connected. In such a case, the flow path switching valve 22, the flow path connected to the same use side heat exchanger 26 may be used. The switching valve 23, stop valve 24, and flow rate adjustment valve 25 may be operated in the same manner.
- the case where two intermediate heat exchangers 15 are provided has been described as an example. However, the number of the intermediate heat exchangers 15 is naturally not limited, and three or more are provided if the heat medium can be cooled or / and heated. You may do it.
- the flow control valve 25, the 3rd temperature sensor 33, and the 4th temperature sensor 34 were shown about the case where it arrange
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 transmits the heat or / and cold of the refrigeration cycle circuit to the use-side heat exchanger 26 via the plurality of intermediate heat exchangers 15. Therefore, the outdoor casing (heat source device 1) is not installed in the outdoor outdoor space 6, the indoor casing (indoor unit 2) is used in the indoor living space 7, and the heat medium conversion casing (relay unit 3) is not used.
- the outdoor casing heat source device 1
- the indoor casing indoor casing
- the heat medium conversion casing (relay unit 3) is not used.
- Each can be installed in the living space 50, the heat source side refrigerant can be prevented from entering the living space 7, and the safety and reliability of the system are improved.
- the air conditioner 100 allows a heat medium such as water or brine to flow through the heat medium circuit, the amount of refrigerant on the heat source side can be greatly reduced, and the influence on the environment when refrigerant leaks is greatly reduced. Can be reduced. Furthermore, the air conditioner 100 can reduce the water transport power by connecting the relay unit 3 and each of the plurality of indoor units 2 with two heat medium pipes (pipe 5), and is energy saving and installed. Construction can be made easy. Furthermore, the air conditioning apparatus 100 can reduce the size of the expansion tank 60 by restricting the relationship between the relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 and the water supply pressure of the water supply from the water pipe 62. The relay unit 3 can be reduced in size and handled easily.
- a heat medium such as water or brine
- FIG. FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus 200 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Based on FIG. 11, the circuit configuration of the air conditioning apparatus 200 will be described.
- the air conditioner 200 uses a refrigeration cycle (refrigeration cycle circuit and heat medium circulation circuit) that circulates refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium (water, antifreeze liquid, etc.)) in the same manner as the air conditioner 100, and performs cooling operation. Or a heating operation is performed.
- the air conditioner 200 is different from the air conditioner 100 according to Embodiment 1 in that the refrigerant pipe has a three-pipe system.
- differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the same parts as those in the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
- the air conditioner 200 includes a heat source device 101 that is a heat source device, a plurality of indoor units 102, and a relay unit 103 that is interposed between the heat source device 101 and the indoor units 102. ,have.
- the relay unit 103 performs heat exchange between the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium.
- the heat source device 101 and the relay unit 103 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 108 that conducts the heat source side refrigerant, and the relay unit 103 and the indoor unit 102 are connected by a pipe 5 that conducts the heat medium, and are generated by the heat source device 101.
- the cold or warm heat is delivered to the indoor unit 102.
- the number of connected heat source devices 101, indoor units 102, and relay units 103 is not limited to the illustrated number.
- the heat source device 101 is disposed in the outdoor space 6 as shown in FIG. 1, and supplies cold heat or warm heat to the indoor unit 102 via the relay unit 103.
- the indoor unit 102 is arranged in the living space 7 as shown in FIG. 1, and supplies cooling air or heating air to the living space 7 that is an air-conditioning target area.
- the relay unit 103 is configured as a separate body from the heat source device 101 and the indoor unit 102, and is disposed in the non-residential space 50.
- the relay unit 103 connects the heat source device 101 and the indoor unit 102 and is supplied with cold heat supplied from the heat source device 101. Alternatively, the heat is transmitted to the indoor unit 102.
- the heat source device 101 and the relay unit 103 are connected using three refrigerant pipes 108 (refrigerant pipes 108a to 108c).
- the relay unit 103 and each indoor unit 102 are connected by two pipes 5 respectively.
- construction of air harmony device 200 becomes easy. That is, the heat source device 101 and the relay unit 3 are connected via the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b provided in the relay unit 103, and the relay unit 103 and the indoor unit 102 are connected. Both are connected via the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.
- the configuration and function of each component device provided in the air conditioning apparatus 200 will be described.
- the heat source device 101 includes a compressor 110, an oil separator 111, a check valve 103, a three-way valve 104 (a three-way valve 104a and a three-way valve 104b) that is a refrigerant flow switching device, and a heat source side heat exchanger 105. And the expansion valve 106 are connected and accommodated by a refrigerant pipe 108.
- the heat source device 101 is provided with a two-way valve 107 (two-way valve 107a, two-way valve 107b, and two-way valve 107c). In the heat source device 101, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is determined by controlling the three-way valve 104a and the three-way valve 104b.
- the compressor 110 sucks the heat source side refrigerant and compresses the heat source side refrigerant to bring it into a high temperature / high pressure state.
- the compressor 110 may be composed of an inverter compressor capable of capacity control.
- the oil separator 111 is provided on the discharge side of the compressor 110 and separates refrigeration oil contained in the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110.
- the check valve 103 is provided on the downstream side of the oil separator 111 and allows the flow of the heat source side refrigerant via the oil separator 111 only in a predetermined direction (direction from the oil separator 111 to the three-way valve 104). Is.
- the three-way valve 104 switches the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the heating operation and the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the cooling operation.
- the three-way valve 104a is provided on one side of the refrigerant pipe 108 branched on the downstream side of the check valve 103, and one of the three directions is connected to the check valve 103, and one of the three directions is connected to the two-way valve 107b.
- One of the three sides is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 15 via the two-way valve 107c.
- the three-way valve 104 b is provided on the other side of the refrigerant pipe 108 branched on the downstream side of the check valve 103, one of the three directions is the check valve 103, and one of the three directions is the heat source side heat exchanger 105. , One of the three sides is connected to the compressor 110 and the refrigerant pipe 108 between the three-way valve 104a and the two-way valve 107c.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 105 functions as an evaporator during heating operation, functions as a condenser during cooling operation, and performs heat exchange between air supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown) and the heat source side refrigerant.
- the heat source side refrigerant is evaporated or condensed and liquefied.
- the expansion valve 106 is provided in the refrigerant pipe 108 connecting the heat source side heat exchanger 105 and the intermediate heat exchanger 15, and functions as a pressure reducing valve or a throttle device, and expands the heat source side refrigerant by reducing the pressure. is there.
- Expansion valve 106 those opening is variably controllable, it may be configured in an electronic Rise expansion valve, etc. For example other.
- the two-way valve 107 opens and closes the refrigerant pipe 108.
- the two-way valve 107a is provided in the refrigerant pipe 108a between the expansion valve 106 and an expansion valve 203 described later.
- the two-way valve 107b is provided in the refrigerant pipe 108b between the three-way valve 104a and a two-way valve 204b described later.
- the two-way valve 107c is provided in the refrigerant pipe 108c between the three-way valve 104a and a two-way valve 205b described later.
- the refrigerant pipe 108a is a high-pressure liquid pipe
- the refrigerant pipe 108b is a high-pressure gas pipe
- the refrigerant pipe 108c is a low-pressure gas pipe.
- Each indoor unit 102 is equipped with a use side heat exchanger 26.
- the use side heat exchanger 26 is connected to the stop valve 24 and the flow rate adjustment valve 25 of the relay unit 103 via the pipe 5.
- FIG. 11 shows an example in which six indoor units 102 are connected to the relay unit 103. From the bottom of the page, the indoor unit 102a, the indoor unit 102b, the indoor unit 102c, the indoor unit 102d, and the indoor unit 102e are shown. This is illustrated as an indoor unit 102f.
- the use side heat exchanger 26 also uses the use side heat exchanger 26a, the use side heat exchanger 26b, the use side heat exchanger 26c, and the use side heat exchanger 26d from the lower side of the drawing.
- the use side heat exchanger 26e and the use side heat exchanger 26f are illustrated.
- the number of connected indoor units 102 is not limited to six as shown in FIG.
- the use side heat exchanger 26 is the same as that accommodated in the indoor unit 2 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1.
- the relay unit 103 includes two expansion valves 203, two intermediate heat exchangers 15, two two-way valves 204, two two-way valves 205, two pumps 21, and six flow path switching valves. 22, six flow path switching valves 23, six stop valves 24, and six flow rate adjustment valves 25 are provided.
- the intermediate heat exchanger 15, the pump 21, the flow path switching valve 22, the flow path switching valve 23, the stop valve 24, and the flow rate adjustment valve 25 are the second relay unit of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1. It is the same as that accommodated in 3b.
- the two expansion valves 203 (expansion valve 203a and expansion valve 203b) function as pressure reducing valves and throttle devices, and expand the heat source side refrigerant by reducing the pressure.
- the expansion valve 203a is provided between the two-way valve 107a and the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a.
- the expansion valve 203b is provided between the two-way valve 107a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b so as to be in parallel with the expansion valve 203a.
- the two expansion valves 203 may be configured by a valve whose opening degree can be variably controlled, for example, an electronic expansion valve.
- the two two-way valves 204 open and close the refrigerant pipe 108.
- the two-way valve 204a is provided in the refrigerant pipe 108b between the two-way valve 107b and the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a.
- the two-way valve 204b is provided in the refrigerant pipe 108b between the two-way valve 107b and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b so as to be in parallel with the two-way valve 204a.
- the two-way valve 204a is provided in the refrigerant pipe 108b that branches off the refrigerant pipe 108b between the two-way valve 107b and the two-way valve 204b.
- the two two-way valves 205 open and close the refrigerant pipe 108.
- the two-way valve 205a is provided in the refrigerant pipe 108c between the two-way valve 107c and the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a.
- the two-way valve 205b is provided in the refrigerant pipe 108c between the two-way valve 107c and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b so as to be in parallel with the two-way valve 205a.
- the two-way valve 205a is provided in the refrigerant pipe 108c that branches off the refrigerant pipe 108c between the two-way valve 107c and the two-way valve 205b.
- the relay unit 103 includes two first temperature sensors 31, two second temperature sensors 32, and six third temperatures as in the second relay unit 3b of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1.
- a sensor 33, six fourth temperature sensors 34, a fifth temperature sensor 35, a first pressure sensor 36, a sixth temperature sensor 37, and a seventh temperature sensor 38 are provided.
- the relay unit 103 is provided with an eighth temperature sensor 39 and a second pressure sensor 40. Information detected by these detection means is sent to a control device (not shown) that performs overall control of the air conditioning apparatus 200, and the driving frequency of the compressor 110 and the pump 21 and the flow path of the heat medium that flows through the pipe 5. It will be used for control such as switching.
- the eighth temperature sensor 39 is provided on the inlet side of the heat source side refrigerant flow path of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and detects the temperature of the heat source side refrigerant flowing into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a.
- the second pressure sensor 40 is provided on the outlet side of the heat source side refrigerant flow path of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and detects the pressure of the heat source side refrigerant flowing out of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.
- the first pressure sensor 36 functions as a heating pressure sensor
- the second pressure sensor 40 functions as a cooling pressure detection means.
- the compressor 110, the oil separator 111, the heat source side heat exchanger 105, the expansion valve 106, the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b are refrigerant pipes 108. They are connected in series to constitute a refrigeration cycle circuit. Moreover, the 1st intermediate heat exchanger 15a, the 1st pump 21a, and the utilization side heat exchanger 26 are connected in series with the pipe 5a in order, and comprise the heat-medium circulation circuit. Similarly, the 2nd intermediate heat exchanger 15b, the 2nd pump 21b, and the use side heat exchanger 26 are connected in series in order with piping 5b, and constitute a heat carrier circulation circuit.
- the heat source device 101 and the relay unit 103 are connected via the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b provided in the relay unit 103, and the relay unit 103 is connected.
- the indoor unit 102 are connected by the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and the primary side that circulates through the refrigeration cycle circuit by the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.
- each operation mode which the air conditioning apparatus 200 performs is demonstrated.
- the air conditioner 200 can perform a cooling operation or a heating operation in the indoor unit 102 based on an instruction from each indoor unit 102. That is, the air conditioner 200 can perform the same operation for all the indoor units 102 and can perform different operations for each of the indoor units 102.
- four operation modes which the air conditioning apparatus 200 performs ie, a cooling only operation mode, a heating only operation mode, a cooling main operation mode, and a heating main operation mode, are demonstrated with the flow of a refrigerant
- coolant are demonstrated with the flow of a refrigerant
- coolant ie, a cooling only operation mode, a heating only operation mode, a cooling main operation mode, and a heating main operation mode.
- FIG. 12 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 200 is in the cooling only operation mode.
- the cooling only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a cooling load is generated in all of the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26f.
- a pipe represented by a thick line indicates a pipe through which the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates.
- the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow
- the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the three-way valve 104b is switched so that the heat-source-side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 flows into the heat-source-side heat exchanger 105, and the three-way valve 104a is changed to the second one.
- the refrigerant is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant that has passed through the intermediate heat exchanger 15b is sucked into the compressor 110, the two-way valve 107a and the two-way valve 107b are opened, and the two-way valve 107c is closed.
- the first pump 21a is stopped, the second pump 21b is driven, the stop valve 24 is opened, and a heat medium is provided between the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b and each user-side heat exchanger 26. I try to circulate. In this state, the operation of the compressor 110 is started.
- the low temperature / low pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 110 and discharged as a high temperature / high pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 105 through the three-way valve 104b. Then, the heat source side heat exchanger 105 condenses and liquefies while radiating heat to the outdoor air, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 105 flows out of the heat source device 101 through the two-way valve 107a, and flows into the relay unit 103 through the refrigerant pipe 108a.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 103 is expanded by being throttled by the expansion valve 203b, and becomes a low-temperature / low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- This gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b acting as an evaporator, and absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circulation circuit, thereby cooling the heat medium, while maintaining a low temperature and low pressure. It becomes a gas refrigerant.
- the gas refrigerant flowing out from the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows out of the relay unit 103 through the two-way valve 205b, and flows into the heat source device 101 through the refrigerant pipe 108c.
- the refrigerant flowing into the heat source device 101 passes through the two-way valve 107c and is re-inhaled into the compressor 10 through the three-way valve 104a.
- the heat medium in the heat medium circuit In the cooling only operation mode, since the first pump 21a is stopped, the heat medium circulates through the pipe 5b.
- the heat medium cooled by the heat source side refrigerant in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows in the pipe 5b by the second pump 21b.
- the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the second pump 21 b passes through the stop valve 24 via the flow path switching valve 22 and flows into each use side heat exchanger 26.
- the use side heat exchanger 26 absorbs heat from the room air and cools the air-conditioning target area such as the room where the indoor unit 102 is installed.
- each use side heat exchanger 26 flows into the flow rate adjusting valve 25.
- the heat medium having a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the air-conditioning target area such as the room flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26 by the action of the flow rate adjusting valve 25, and the remaining heat medium.
- the heat medium passing through the bypass 27 does not contribute to the heat exchange, but merges with the heat medium that has passed through the use side heat exchanger 26, and flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b through the flow path switching valve 23. Then, it is sucked into the second pump 21b again.
- the air conditioning load required in the air conditioning target area such as indoors can be covered by controlling the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 33 and the fourth temperature sensor 34 so as to keep the target value.
- FIG. 13 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 200 is in the heating only operation mode.
- the heating only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a thermal load is generated in all of the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26f.
- a pipe represented by a thick line shows a pipe through which the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates. Further, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the three-way valve 104a is switched so that the heat-source-side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and the three-way valve 104b is switched to the heat source.
- the refrigerant is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant that has passed through the side heat exchanger 105 is sucked into the compressor 110, the two-way valve 107a and the two-way valve 107b are opened, and the two-way valve 107c is closed.
- the first pump 21a is driven, the second pump 21b is stopped, the stop valve 24 is opened, and a heat medium is provided between the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b and each user-side heat exchanger 26. I try to circulate. In this state, the operation of the compressor 110 is started.
- the low temperature / low pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 110 and discharged as a high temperature / high pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 flows out of the heat source device 101 through the three-way valve 104a and the two-way valve 107b, and flows into the relay unit 103 through the refrigerant pipe 108b.
- the refrigerant flowing into the relay unit 103 flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a through the two-way valve 204a.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a flows out of the relay unit 103 through the expansion valve 203a, and flows into the heat source device 101 through the refrigerant pipe 108a.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source device 101 flows into the expansion valve 106 through the two-way valve 107a, is squeezed and expanded by the expansion valve 106, and enters a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase state.
- the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant throttled by the expansion valve 106 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 105 acting as an evaporator.
- the refrigerant flowing into the heat source side heat exchanger 105 absorbs heat from the outdoor air in the heat source side heat exchanger 105 and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side heat exchanger 105 returns to the compressor 10 through the three-way valve 104b.
- the heat medium in the heat medium circuit will be described.
- the heat medium circulates through the pipe 5a.
- the heat medium heated by the heat source side refrigerant in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a flows in the pipe 5a by the first pump 21a.
- the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the first pump 21 a passes through the stop valve 24 via the flow path switching valve 22 and flows into each use side heat exchanger 26. Then, heat is applied to the indoor air in the use side heat exchanger 26 to heat the air-conditioning target area such as a room where the indoor unit 2 is installed.
- the heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchanger 26 flows into the flow rate adjusting valve 25.
- the heat medium having a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the air-conditioning target area such as the room flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26 by the action of the flow rate adjusting valve 25, and the remaining heat medium.
- the heat medium passing through the bypass 27 does not contribute to the heat exchange, merges with the heat medium that has passed through the use side heat exchanger 26, and flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a through the flow path switching valve 23. Then, it is sucked into the first pump 21a again.
- the air conditioning load required in the air conditioning target area such as indoors can be covered by controlling the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 33 and the fourth temperature sensor 34 so as to keep the target value.
- FIG. 14 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 200 is in the cooling main operation mode.
- the cooling main operation mode is exemplified in the case where a thermal load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, and a cooling load is generated in the use side heat exchangers 26c to 26f.
- a pipe represented by a thick line shows a pipe through which the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates.
- the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow
- the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the three-way valve 104a is switched so that the heat-source-side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and the three-way valve 104b is compressed.
- the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the machine 110 is switched to flow into the heat source side heat exchanger 105, and the two-way valves 107a to 107c are opened.
- the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b are driven, the stop valve 24 is opened, and the space between the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the heat medium circulates between the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b and the use side heat exchangers 26c to 26f. In this state, the operation of the compressor 110 is started.
- the low temperature / low pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 110 and discharged as a high temperature / high pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 is diverted downstream of the check valve 103.
- One of the divided refrigerants flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 105 through the three-way valve 104b.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 105 condenses and liquefies while radiating heat to the outdoor air, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 105 flows out of the heat source device 101 through the two-way valve 107a, and flows into the relay unit 103 through the refrigerant pipe 108a.
- the other divided refrigerant flows through the refrigerant pipe 108 b via the three-way valve 104 a and the two-way valve 107 b and flows into the relay unit 103.
- the gas refrigerant flowing into the relay unit 103 passes through the two-way valve 204a and flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- This liquid refrigerant merges with the refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 103 through the refrigerant pipe 108a.
- the combined liquid refrigerant is squeezed and expanded by the expansion valve 203b, becomes a low-temperature / low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, and then flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b that functions as an evaporator,
- the exchanger 15b absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit so that the heat medium is cooled and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows out of the relay unit 103 through the two-way valve 205b, and flows into the heat source device 101 through the refrigerant pipe 108c.
- the refrigerant flowing into the heat source device 101 is re-inhaled into the compressor 10 via the two-way valve 107c.
- the heat medium in the heat medium circuit will be described.
- the heat medium circulates through both the pipe 5a and the pipe 5b.
- the heat medium heated by the heat source side refrigerant in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a flows in the pipe 5a by the first pump 21a.
- the heat medium cooled by the heat source side refrigerant in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows in the pipe 5b by the second pump 21b.
- the heat medium pressurized and flowed out by the first pump 21a passes through the stop valve 24a and the stop valve 24b via the flow path switching valve 22a and the flow path switching valve 22b, and passes through the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchange. Flows into the vessel 26b.
- the indoor air is heated to heat the air-conditioning target area such as the room where the indoor unit 102 is installed.
- the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the second pump 21b passes through the stop valves 24c to 24f via the flow path switching valves 22c to 22f and flows into the use side heat exchangers 26c to 26f.
- the use side heat exchangers 26c to 26f absorb heat from room air and cool the air-conditioning target area such as the room where the indoor unit 102 is installed.
- the heated heat medium flows into the flow rate adjustment valve 25a and the flow rate adjustment valve 25b.
- the flow rate adjusting valve 25a and the flow rate adjusting valve 25b only the heat medium having the flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the air conditioning target area is used on the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger.
- 26b flows through the bypass 27a and the bypass 27b so as to bypass the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the heat medium passing through the bypass 27a and the bypass 27b does not contribute to heat exchange, and merges with the heat medium that has passed through the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, and the flow path switching valve 23a and the flow path It passes through the switching valve 23b, flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and is sucked into the first pump 21a again.
- the cooled heat medium flows into the flow rate adjusting valves 25c to 25f.
- the heat medium having a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the air-conditioning target area flows into the use side heat exchangers 26c to 26f by the action of the flow rate adjusting valves 25c to 25f, and the rest is bypassed. It flows so as to bypass the use side heat exchangers 26c to 26f through 27c to 27f.
- the heat medium passing through the bypasses 27c to 27f does not contribute to the heat exchange, but merges with the heat medium passing through the use side heat exchangers 26c to 26f, passes through the flow path switching valves 23c to 23f, and passes through the second intermediate It flows into the heat exchanger 15b and is sucked into the second pump 21b again.
- the warm heat medium (the heat medium used for the heat load) and the cold heat medium (the heat medium used for the heat load) are operated by the flow path switching valves 22a to 22f and the flow path switching valves 23a to 23f.
- the heat flows into the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b having the heat load and the use side heat exchanger 26c to the use side heat exchanger 26f having the cooling load.
- the air conditioning load required in the air conditioning target area such as indoors can be covered by controlling the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 33 and the fourth temperature sensor 34 so as to keep the target value.
- FIG. 15 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 200 is in the heating main operation mode.
- the heating main operation mode is described by taking as an example a case where a heating load is generated in the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26d and a cooling load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26e and the use side heat exchanger 26f. explain.
- a pipe represented by a thick line shows a pipe through which the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates. Further, the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the three-way valve 104a is switched so that the heat-source-side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 flows into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a, and the three-way valve 104b is switched to the heat source.
- the refrigerant is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant that has passed through the side heat exchanger 105 is sucked into the compressor 110, and the two-way valves 107a to 107c are opened.
- the first pump 21a and the second pump 21b are driven, the stop valve 24 is opened, and the second intermediate heat exchanger is connected between the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26d.
- a heat medium circulates between the exchanger 15b, the use side heat exchanger 26e, and the use side heat exchanger 26f. In this state, the operation of the compressor 110 is started.
- the low temperature / low pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 110 and discharged as a high temperature / high pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 110 flows out of the heat source device 101 through the three-way valve 104a and the two-way valve 107b, and flows into the relay unit 103 through the refrigerant pipe 108b.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the refrigerant that has flowed out of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a passes through the fully-open expansion valve 203a and then returns to the heat source device 101 through the refrigerant pipe 108a and into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b.
- the refrigerant flowing into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b is expanded by the expansion valve 203b to become a low-temperature / low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, and then flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b acting as an evaporator, By absorbing heat from the heat medium circulating in the circulation circuit, it becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant while cooling the heat medium.
- the gas refrigerant flowing out from the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows out of the relay unit 103 through the two-way valve 205b, and flows into the heat source device 101 through the refrigerant pipe 108c.
- the refrigerant returning to the heat source device 101 through the refrigerant pipe 108a is reduced in pressure in the expansion valve 106 to become a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, and then flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 105 that functions as an evaporator. Then, the refrigerant flowing into the heat source side heat exchanger 105 absorbs heat from the outdoor air in the heat source side heat exchanger 105 and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the gas refrigerant passes through the three-way valve 104b, merges with the low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source device 101 through the refrigerant pipe 108c, and is sucked into the compressor 10 again.
- the heat medium in the heat medium circuit will be described.
- the heat medium circulates through both the pipe 5a and the pipe 5b.
- the heat medium heated by the heat source side refrigerant in the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a flows in the pipe 5a by the first pump 21a.
- the heat medium cooled by the heat source side refrigerant in the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows in the pipe 5b by the second pump 21b.
- the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the first pump 21a passes through the stop valves 24a to 24d via the flow path switching valves 22a to 22d and flows into the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26d.
- the indoor air is heated, and the air-conditioning target area such as the room where the indoor unit 102 is installed is heated.
- the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the second pump 21b passes through the stop valve 24e and the stop valve 24f via the flow path switching valve 22e and the flow path switching valve 22f, and passes through the use side heat exchanger 26e and the use side. It flows into the heat exchanger 26f.
- the heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26d flows into the flow rate adjusting valves 25a to 25d.
- the flow rate adjusting valves 25a to 25d due to the action of the flow rate adjusting valves 25a to 25d, only the heat medium having a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the air conditioning target area such as the room flows into the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26d, The rest flows through the bypasses 27a to 27d so as to bypass the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26d.
- the heat medium passing through the bypasses 27a to 27d does not contribute to the heat exchange, but merges with the heat medium that has passed through the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26d, passes through the flow path switching valves 23a to 23d, and passes through the first intermediate It flows into the heat exchanger 15a and is sucked into the first pump 21a again.
- the heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchanger 26e and the use side heat exchanger 26f flows into the flow rate adjustment valve 25e and the flow rate adjustment valve 25f.
- the flow rate adjusting valve 25e and the flow rate adjusting valve 25f only the heat medium having a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the air conditioning target area is used on the use side heat exchanger 26e and the use side heat exchanger. It flows into 26f, and the remainder flows through bypass 27e and bypass 27f so as to bypass use side heat exchanger 26e and use side heat exchanger 26f.
- the heat medium passing through the bypass 27e and the bypass 27f does not contribute to heat exchange, and merges with the heat medium that has passed through the use side heat exchanger 26e and the use side heat exchanger 26f, and the flow path switching valve 23e and the flow path It passes through the switching valve 23f, flows into the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and is sucked into the second pump 21b again.
- the warm heat medium and the cold heat medium are not mixed by the action of the flow path switching valve 22 (flow path switching valves 22a to 22f) and the flow path switching valves 23a to 23f, and have a thermal load.
- the heat flows into the heat exchangers 26a to 26d, the use side heat exchanger 26e having a cooling load, and the use side heat exchanger 26f.
- the air conditioning load required in the air conditioning target area such as indoors can be covered by controlling the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 33 and the fourth temperature sensor 34 so as to keep the target value.
- the relay unit 103 is a separate housing from the heat source device 101 and the indoor unit 102, the relay unit 103 can be installed at a position different from these, and as shown in FIG. Is installed in the non-residential space 50, the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium can be shut off, the heat source side refrigerant can be prevented from flowing into the living space 7, and the safety of the air conditioner 200 is improved. And reliability will be improved.
- the heat medium temperature at the outlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a detected by the first temperature sensor 31a is the first intermediate heat detected by the second temperature sensor 32a. It does not become higher than the heat medium temperature at the inlet of the exchanger 15a, and the heating amount of the superheated gas region of the heat source side refrigerant is small. For this reason, the heat medium temperature at the outlet of the first intermediate heat exchanger 15a is restricted by the condensation temperature determined by the saturation temperature of the first pressure sensor 36.
- the heat medium temperature at the outlet of the second intermediate heat exchanger 15b detected by the first temperature sensor 31b is detected by the second temperature sensor 32b. It does not become lower than the heat medium temperature at the inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 15b.
- the air conditioner 200 it is effective to respond to the increase or decrease in the heat load on the secondary side (use side) by changing the condensation temperature or evaporation temperature on the refrigeration cycle circuit side. . Therefore, it is desirable to change the control target value of the condensation temperature or / and evaporation temperature of the refrigeration cycle circuit stored in the control device (not shown) according to the magnitude of the heat load on the use side. By doing in this way, it becomes possible to easily follow the change in the heat load on the user side.
- the change of the heat load on the use side is grasped by a control device connected to the second relay unit 3b.
- the control target values of the condensation temperature and the evaporation temperature are stored in a control device connected to the heat source device 101 in which the compressor 110 and the heat source side heat exchanger 105 are built. Therefore, a signal line is connected between the control device connected to the second relay unit 3b and the control device connected to the heat source device 101, and the control target value of the condensation temperature or / and the evaporation temperature is determined by communication.
- the control target value of the condensation temperature or / and the evaporation temperature stored in the control device connected to the heat source device 101 is changed. Further, the control target value may be changed by communicating a deviation value of the control target value.
- control device can control the driving frequency of the compressor 110 so as to reduce the work amount of the compressor 110 when it is understood that the heat load on the use side has decreased. Therefore, the air conditioner 200 can be operated more energy saving.
- the control device connected to the second relay unit 3b and the control device connected to the heat source device 101 may be assigned to one control device.
- the expansion tank 60 described in the first embodiment is connected via the heating-side expansion tank connection port 42 and the cooling-side expansion tank connection port 43 shown in FIG. Shall.
- the case where a three-way valve is used has been described as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a four-way valve or a solenoid valve may be combined to provide a similar function.
- usable heat source side refrigerant and heat medium are the same as those described in the first embodiment.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Abstract
Description
実施の形態1.
R410A、R407C、あるいは、R404A等のHFC系冷媒は、地球温暖化係数が大きいため、冷媒が漏洩した場合、環境への負荷が大きい。そこで、近年、HFC系冷媒に代わる冷媒として、二酸化炭素、アンモニア、あるいは、炭化水素等の自然冷媒、又は、HFO等の冷媒が検討されている。しかしながら、これらの冷媒には、可燃性(たとえば、アンモニアや炭化水素)があったり、漏洩の限界濃度が小さかったりする。すなわち、これらの冷媒は、地球温暖化係数が小さいものの、人体への影響及び安全性に鑑みれば居住空間にもってくるのは好ましくない。
熱源装置1には、圧縮機10と、冷媒流路切替装置である四方弁11と、熱源側熱交換器(室外熱交換器)12と、アキュムレータ17とが冷媒配管4で直列に接続されて収容されている。また、熱源装置1には、第1接続配管4a、第2接続配管4b、逆止弁13a、逆止弁13b、逆止弁13c、及び、逆止弁13dが設けられている。第1接続配管4a、第2接続配管4b、逆止弁13a、逆止弁13b、逆止弁13c、及び、逆止弁13dを設けることで、室内機2の要求する運転に関わらず、中継ユニット3に流入させる熱源側冷媒の流れを一定方向にすることができる。
室内機2には、それぞれ利用側熱交換器26が搭載されている。この利用側熱交換器26は、配管5を介して第2中継ユニット3bの止め弁24及び流量調整弁25と接続するようになっている。この利用側熱交換器26は、図示省略のファン等の送風機から供給される空気と熱媒体との間で熱交換を行ない、空調対象域に供給するための暖房空気あるいは冷房空気を生成するものである。
中継ユニット3は、第1中継ユニット3aと、第2中継ユニット3bとで、筐体を分けて構成されている。このように構成することにより、1つの第1中継ユニット3aに対し、複数の第2中継ユニット3bを接続することができる。第1中継ユニット3aには、気液分離器14と、膨張弁16eと、が設けられている。第2中継ユニット3bには、2つの中間熱交換器15と、4つの膨張弁16と、2つのポンプ21と、4つの流路切替弁22と、4つの流路切替弁23と、4つの止め弁24と、4つの流量調整弁25と、が設けられている。
冷凍サイクル回路には、たとえばR407C等の非共沸混合冷媒、R410A等の擬似共沸混合冷媒、又はR22等の単一冷媒等を使用することができる。また、二酸化炭素や炭化水素等の自然冷媒を使用してもよい。熱源側冷媒として自然冷媒を使用することにより、冷媒漏洩による地球の温室効果を抑制できる効果がある。特に、二酸化炭素は、高圧側が超臨界状態で凝縮せずに熱交換を行うため、図2に示すように第1中間熱交換器15a及び第2中間熱交換器15bで熱源側冷媒と熱媒体とを対向流形式とすると、熱媒体を加熱する際の熱交換性能を向上することができる。
熱媒体が膨張する前の空気溜まりの圧力がP0、空気溜まりの容積をV0とし、熱媒体が膨張し、空気溜まりの圧力が膨張タンク60の限度圧力P1、空気溜まりの容積が減少し、空気溜まりの容積がV1になったとする。そうすると、ボイルシャルルの法則より下記式(1)が成立する。
(1) P0*V0=P1*V1
V1=P0*V0/P1
(2) Ve=V0-V1=V0-P0*V0/P1=V0*(1-P0/P1)
よって、空気溜まりの必要容積は、熱媒体の膨張量と圧力とで表現すると下記式(3)になる。
(3) V0=Ve/(1-P0/P1)
式(3)から分かるように、膨張タンク60の容積を小さくするためには、P0/P1を小さくする必要がある。
この空気調和装置100は、各室内機2からの指示に基づいて、その室内機2で冷房運転あるいは暖房運転が可能になっている。つまり、空気調和装置100は、室内機2の全部で同一運転をすることができるともに、室内機2のそれぞれで異なる運転をすることができるようになっている。以下に、空気調和装置100が実行する4つの運転モード、つまり駆動している室内機2の全てが冷房運転を実行する全冷房運転モード、駆動している室内機2の全てが暖房運転を実行する全暖房運転モード、冷房負荷の方が大きい冷房主体運転モード、及び、暖房負荷の方が大きい暖房主体運転モードについて、冷媒の流れとともに説明する。
図7は、空気調和装置100の全冷房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図7では、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bでのみ冷熱負荷が発生している場合を例に全冷房運転モードについて説明する。つまり、図7では、利用側熱交換器26c及び利用側熱交換器26dで冷熱負荷が発生していない場合を図示しているのである。なお、図7では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の循環する配管を示す。また、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、四方弁11を通り、熱源側熱交換器12に流入する。そして、熱源側熱交換器12で室外空気に放熱しながら凝縮液化し、高圧液冷媒となる。熱源側熱交換器12から流出した高圧液冷媒は、逆止弁13aを通って熱源装置1から流出し、冷媒配管4を通って第1中継ユニット3aに流入する。第1中継ユニット3aに流入した高圧液冷媒は、気液分離器14へ流入した後、膨張弁16eを経由してから第2中継ユニット3bに流入する。
全冷房運転モードでは、第1ポンプ21aは停止しているために、配管5bを介して熱媒体が循環する。第2中間熱交換器15bで熱源側冷媒によって冷却された熱媒体は、第2ポンプ21bによって配管5b内を流動する。第2ポンプ21bで加圧され流出した熱媒体は、流路切替弁22(流路切替弁22a及び流路切替弁22b)を介して、止め弁24(止め弁24a及び止め弁24b)を通り、利用側熱交換器26(利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26b)に流入する。そして、利用側熱交換器26において室内空気から吸熱し、室内機2が設置されている室内等の空調対象域の冷房を行なう。
図8は、空気調和装置100の全暖房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図8では、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bでのみ温熱負荷が発生している場合を例に全暖房運転モードについて説明する。つまり、図8では、利用側熱交換器26c及び利用側熱交換器26dで温熱負荷が発生していない場合を図示しているのである。なお、図8では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の循環する配管を示す。また、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、四方弁11を通り、第1接続配管4aを導通し、逆止弁13bを通過し、熱源装置1から流出する。熱源装置1から流出した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、冷媒配管4を通って第1中継ユニット3aに流入する。第1中継ユニット3aに流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、気液分離器14へ流入した後、膨張弁16eを経由してから第1中間熱交換器15aに流入する。第1中間熱交換器15aに流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、熱媒体循環回路を循環する熱媒体に放熱しながら凝縮液化し、高圧の液冷媒となる。
全暖房運転モードでは、第2ポンプ21bは停止しているために、配管5aを介して熱媒体が循環する。第1中間熱交換器15aで熱源側冷媒によって加熱された熱媒体は、第1ポンプ21aによって配管5a内を流動する。第1ポンプ21aで加圧され流出した熱媒体は、流路切替弁22(流路切替弁22a及び流路切替弁22b)を介して、止め弁24(止め弁24a及び止め弁24b)を通り、利用側熱交換器26(利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26b)に流入する。そして、利用側熱交換器26において室内空気に熱を与え、室内機2が設置されている室内等の空調対象域の暖房を行なう。
図9は、空気調和装置100の冷房主体運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図9では、利用側熱交換器26aで温熱負荷が発生し、利用側熱交換器26bで冷熱負荷が発生している場合を例に冷房主体運転モードについて説明する。つまり、図9では、利用側熱交換器26c及び利用側熱交換器26dでは温熱負荷及び冷熱負荷のいずれも発生していない場合を図示しているのである。なお、図9では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の循環する配管を示す。また、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、四方弁11を通り、熱源側熱交換器12に流入する。そして、熱源側熱交換器12で室外空気に放熱しながら凝縮し、気液二相冷媒となる。熱源側熱交換器12から流出した気液二相冷媒は、逆止弁13aを通って熱源装置1から流出し、冷媒配管4を通って第1中継ユニット3aに流入する。第1中継ユニット3aに流入した気液二相冷媒は、気液分離器14へ流入し、ガス冷媒と液冷媒とに分離され、第2中継ユニット3bに流入する。
冷房主体運転モードでは、第1ポンプ21a及び第2ポンプ21bともに駆動しているために、配管5a及び配管5bの双方を介して熱媒体が循環する。第1中間熱交換器15aで熱源側冷媒によって加熱された熱媒体は、第1ポンプ21aによって配管5a内を流動する。また、第2中間熱交換器15bで熱源側冷媒によって冷却された熱媒体は、第2ポンプ21bによって配管5b内を流動する。
図10は、空気調和装置100の暖房主体運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図10では、利用側熱交換器26aで温熱負荷が発生し、利用側熱交換器26bで冷熱負荷が発生している場合を例に暖房主体運転モードについて説明する。つまり、図10では、利用側熱交換器26c及び利用側熱交換器26dでは温熱負荷及び冷熱負荷のいずれも発生していない場合を図示しているのである。なお、図10では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の循環する配管を示す。また、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、四方弁11を通り、第1接続配管4aを導通し、逆止弁13bを通過し、熱源装置1から流出する。熱源装置1から流出した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、冷媒配管4を通って第1中継ユニット3aに流入する。第1中継ユニット3aに流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、気液分離器14へ流入した後、膨張弁16eを経由してから第1中間熱交換器15aに流入する。第1中間熱交換器15aに流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、熱媒体循環回路を循環する熱媒体に放熱しながら凝縮液化し、高圧の液冷媒となる。
暖房主体運転モードでは、第1ポンプ21a及び第2ポンプ21bともに駆動しているために、配管5a及び配管5bの双方を介して熱媒体が循環する。第1中間熱交換器15aで熱源側冷媒によって加熱された熱媒体は、第1ポンプ21aによって配管5a内を流動する。また、第2中間熱交換器15bで熱源側冷媒によって冷却された熱媒体は、第2ポンプ21bによって配管5b内を流動する。
図11は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置200の回路構成を示す回路図である。図11に基づいて、空気調和装置200の回路構成について説明する。この空気調和装置200は、空気調和装置100と同様に冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体(水や不凍液等))を循環させる冷凍サイクル(冷凍サイクル回路及び熱媒体循環回路)を利用し、冷房運転又は暖房運転を実行するものである。この空気調和装置200は、冷媒配管が3管方式となっている点で実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100と相違している。なお、実施の形態2では実施の形態1との相違点を中心に説明し、実施の形態1と同一部分には、同一符号を付して説明を省略するものとする。
熱源装置101には、圧縮機110と、油分離器111と、逆止弁103と、冷媒流路切替装置である三方弁104(三方弁104a及び三方弁104b)と、熱源側熱交換器105と、膨張弁106と、が冷媒配管108で接続されて収納されている。また、熱源装置101には、二方弁107(二方弁107a、二方弁107b及び二方弁107c)が設けられている。この熱源装置101では、三方弁104a及び三方弁104bを制御することによって熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を決定するようになっている。
室内機102には、それぞれ利用側熱交換器26が搭載されている。この利用側熱交換器26は、配管5を介して中継ユニット103の止め弁24及び流量調整弁25と接続するようになっている。この図11では、6台の室内機102が中継ユニット103に接続されている場合を例に示しており、紙面下から室内機102a、室内機102b、室内機102c、室内機102d、室内機102e、室内機102fとして図示している。
中継ユニット103には、2つの膨張弁203と、2つの中間熱交換器15と、2つの二方弁204と、2つの二方弁205と、2つのポンプ21と、6つの流路切替弁22と、6つの流路切替弁23と、6つの止め弁24と、6つの流量調整弁25と、が設けられている。なお、中間熱交換器15、ポンプ21、流路切替弁22、流路切替弁23、止め弁24、及び、流量調整弁25は、実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100の第2中継ユニット3bに収容されるものと同様である。
この空気調和装置200は、各室内機102からの指示に基づいて、その室内機102で冷房運転あるいは暖房運転が可能になっている。つまり、空気調和装置200は、室内機102の全部で同一運転をすることができるとともに、室内機102のそれぞれで異なる運転をすることができるようになっている。以下に、空気調和装置200が実行する4つの運転モード、つまり全冷房運転モード、全暖房運転モード、冷房主体運転モード、及び、暖房主体運転モードについて、冷媒の流れとともに説明する。
図12は、空気調和装置200の全冷房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図12では、利用側熱交換器26a~26fの全部で冷熱負荷が発生している場合を例に全冷房運転モードについて説明する。なお、図12では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の循環する配管を示す。また、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機110によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機110から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、三方弁104bを介して熱源側熱交換器105に流入する。そして、熱源側熱交換器105で室外空気に放熱しながら凝縮液化し、高圧液冷媒となる。熱源側熱交換器105から流出した高圧液冷媒は、二方弁107aを通って熱源装置101から流出し、冷媒配管108aを通って中継ユニット103に流入する。中継ユニット103に流入した高圧液冷媒は、膨張弁203bで絞られて膨張し、低温・低圧の気液二相冷媒になる。
全冷房運転モードでは、第1ポンプ21aは停止しているために、配管5bを介して熱媒体が循環する。第2中間熱交換器15bで熱源側冷媒によって冷却された熱媒体は、第2ポンプ21bによって配管5b内を流動する。第2ポンプ21bで加圧され流出した熱媒体は、流路切替弁22を介して、止め弁24を通り、各利用側熱交換器26に流入する。そして、利用側熱交換器26において室内空気から吸熱し、室内機102が設置されている室内等の空調対象域の冷房を行なう。
図13は、空気調和装置200の全暖房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図13では、利用側熱交換器26a~26fの全部で温熱負荷が発生している場合を例に全暖房運転モードについて説明する。なお、図8では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の循環する配管を示す。また、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機110によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機110から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、三方弁104a及び二方弁107bを介して熱源装置101から流出し、冷媒配管108bを通って中継ユニット103へ流入する。中継ユニット103に流入した冷媒は、二方弁204aを通って第1中間熱交換器15aに流入する。第1中間熱交換器15aに流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、熱媒体循環回路を循環する熱媒体に放熱しながら凝縮液化し、高圧の液冷媒となる。
全暖房運転モードでは、第2ポンプ21bは停止しているために、配管5aを介して熱媒体が循環する。第1中間熱交換器15aで熱源側冷媒によって加熱された熱媒体は、第1ポンプ21aによって配管5a内を流動する。第1ポンプ21aで加圧され流出した熱媒体は、流路切替弁22を介して、止め弁24を通り、各利用側熱交換器26に流入する。そして、利用側熱交換器26において室内空気に熱を与え、室内機2が設置されている室内等の空調対象域の暖房を行なう。
図14は、空気調和装置200の冷房主体運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図14では、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bで温熱負荷が発生し、利用側熱交換器26c~26fで冷熱負荷が発生している場合を例に冷房主体運転モードについて説明する。なお、図14では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の循環する配管を示す。また、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機110によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機110から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、逆止弁103の下流側で分流される。分流された一方の冷媒は、三方弁104bを介して熱源側熱交換器105へ流入する。そして、熱源側熱交換器105で室外空気に放熱しながら凝縮液化し、高圧液冷媒となる。熱源側熱交換器105から流出した高圧液冷媒は、二方弁107aを通って熱源装置101から流出し、冷媒配管108aを通って中継ユニット103に流入する。
冷房主体運転モードでは、第1ポンプ21a及び第2ポンプ21bともに駆動しているために、配管5a及び配管5bの双方を介して熱媒体が循環する。第1中間熱交換器15aで熱源側冷媒によって加熱された熱媒体は、第1ポンプ21aによって配管5a内を流動する。また、第2中間熱交換器15bで熱源側冷媒によって冷却された熱媒体は、第2ポンプ21bによって配管5b内を流動する。
図15は、空気調和装置200の暖房主体運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図15では、利用側熱交換器26a~26dで温熱負荷が発生し、利用側熱交換器26e及び利用側熱交換器26fで冷熱負荷が発生している場合を例に暖房主体運転モードについて説明する。なお、図15では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の循環する配管を示す。また、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機110によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機110から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、三方弁104a及び二方弁107bを介して熱源装置101から流出し、冷媒配管108bを通って中継ユニット103に流入する。第1中間熱交換器15aに流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、熱媒体循環回路を循環する熱媒体に放熱しながら凝縮液化し、高圧の液冷媒となる。第1中間熱交換器15aから流出した冷媒は、全開の膨張弁203aを通った後、冷媒配管108aを通って熱源装置101に戻る冷媒と、第2中間熱交換器15bに流入する冷媒とに分流する。
暖房主体運転モードでは、第1ポンプ21a及び第2ポンプ21bともに駆動しているために、配管5a及び配管5bの双方を介して熱媒体が循環する。第1中間熱交換器15aで熱源側冷媒によって加熱された熱媒体は、第1ポンプ21aによって配管5a内を流動する。また、第2中間熱交換器15bで熱源側冷媒によって冷却された熱媒体は、第2ポンプ21bによって配管5b内を流動する。
Claims (10)
- 冷媒と前記冷媒と異なる熱媒体とを熱交換する少なくとも1台の中間熱交換器と、
圧縮機、室外熱交換器、少なくとも1つの膨張弁、及び、前記中間熱交換器の冷媒側流路を、前記冷媒が流通する配管を介して接続した冷凍サイクル回路と、
前記中間熱交換器の熱媒体側流路、ポンプ、及び、利用側熱交換器を、前記熱媒体が流通する配管を介して接続した熱媒体循環回路と、を有し、
前記圧縮機及び前記室外熱交換器を室外機に、
前記中間熱交換器及び前記ポンプを中継ユニットに、
前記利用側熱交換器を室内機に、それぞれ収容し、
前記熱媒体循環回路に前記熱媒体の体積変化を吸収するための膨張吸収装置を接続した
ことを特徴とする空気調和装置。 - 前記中間熱交換器として、前記熱媒体の加熱に供する中間熱交換器と、前記熱媒体の冷却に供する中間熱交換器と、を備えた
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記中継ユニットを第1中継ユニットと第2中継ユニットとに分け、
冷媒を気体と液体とに分離する気液分離器を前記第1中継ユニットに、
前記中間熱交換器及び前記ポンプを前記第2中継ユニットに、それぞれ収容する
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記室外機と前記第1中継ユニットとを冷媒の往復路となる2本の配管で接続し、
前記第2中継ユニットと前記室内機のそれぞれとを熱媒体の往復路となる2本の配管で接続する
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記室外機と前記中継ユニットとを冷媒の往復路となる少なくとも3本の配管で接続し、
前記中継ユニットと前記室内機のそれぞれとを熱媒体の往復路となる2本の配管で接続する
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記膨張吸収装置を前記ポンプの吸引側と連通するように接続している
ことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記膨張吸収装置が膨張タンクである
ことを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記膨張タンクの容積を5リットル以下とする
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記膨張タンクが前記室内機よりも上側に配置されるものにおいて、
前記膨張タンクと前記室内機との高低差を10m以下とする
ことを特徴とする請求項7又は8に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記熱媒体循環回路に供給される際の熱媒体の圧力を100kPaGとする
ことを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2008801305550A CN102112816B (zh) | 2008-10-29 | 2008-10-29 | 空气调节装置 |
EP08877718.0A EP2312229B1 (en) | 2008-10-29 | 2008-10-29 | Air conditioner |
PCT/JP2008/069613 WO2010050006A1 (ja) | 2008-10-29 | 2008-10-29 | 空気調和装置 |
JP2010535549A JPWO2010050006A1 (ja) | 2008-10-29 | 2008-10-29 | 空気調和装置 |
US13/056,439 US20110167865A1 (en) | 2008-10-29 | 2008-10-29 | Air-conditioning apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2008/069613 WO2010050006A1 (ja) | 2008-10-29 | 2008-10-29 | 空気調和装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010050006A1 true WO2010050006A1 (ja) | 2010-05-06 |
Family
ID=42128385
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2008/069613 WO2010050006A1 (ja) | 2008-10-29 | 2008-10-29 | 空気調和装置 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110167865A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2312229B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2010050006A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102112816B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010050006A1 (ja) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012073293A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
WO2012107947A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-07 | 2012-08-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
WO2012132172A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-04 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
WO2013102953A1 (ja) * | 2012-01-05 | 2013-07-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
JP2013170726A (ja) * | 2012-02-20 | 2013-09-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 空気調和装置 |
JP2017101854A (ja) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-08 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | 空気調和装置 |
JP2017101855A (ja) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-08 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | 空気調和装置 |
EP2629026A4 (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2018-04-25 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Outdoor unit and air conditioning device |
JPWO2021053924A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-17 | 2021-03-25 | ||
JP2022528256A (ja) * | 2019-04-09 | 2022-06-09 | エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティド | 空気調和装置 |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013080257A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-06 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空調システムの施工時における利用側熱交換器の熱媒体選定方法 |
JPWO2014054090A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-01 | 2016-08-25 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
US20150211776A1 (en) * | 2012-10-01 | 2015-07-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Air-conditioning apparatus |
ES2814352T3 (es) * | 2012-11-29 | 2021-03-26 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Dispositivo de acondicionamiento de aire |
EP2927612B1 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2021-06-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Air conditioning device |
CN104833042B (zh) * | 2014-02-12 | 2019-01-29 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 风机盘管换向阀的控制方法及风机盘管系统 |
RU2684217C2 (ru) * | 2014-07-02 | 2019-04-04 | Эвапко, Инк. | Агрегированная холодильная система с низким количеством холодильного агента |
AU2015296988A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2017-02-02 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Heat recovery system and method |
SG11201702668RA (en) | 2014-11-17 | 2017-06-29 | Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co | Liquid collection system |
CN104748262B (zh) * | 2015-03-31 | 2017-05-03 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | 多联机系统 |
WO2016194145A1 (ja) * | 2015-06-02 | 2016-12-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
JP7265193B2 (ja) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-04-26 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | カスケードユニットおよび冷凍サイクル装置 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02118372A (ja) | 1988-10-28 | 1990-05-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 空気調和装置 |
JPH05280818A (ja) * | 1992-04-01 | 1993-10-29 | Matsushita Refrig Co Ltd | 多室冷暖房装置 |
JPH11344240A (ja) * | 1998-06-02 | 1999-12-14 | Hitachi Ltd | 空気調和熱源装置 |
JP2003343936A (ja) | 2002-05-28 | 2003-12-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JP2008196829A (ja) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-28 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 空気調和装置 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2705031B2 (ja) * | 1989-06-13 | 1998-01-26 | 松下冷機株式会社 | 多室式空気調和機 |
AU636215B2 (en) * | 1990-04-23 | 1993-04-22 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Air conditioning apparatus |
JPH0682110A (ja) * | 1992-09-01 | 1994-03-22 | Matsushita Refrig Co Ltd | 多室冷暖房装置 |
JPH06337138A (ja) * | 1993-05-27 | 1994-12-06 | Matsushita Refrig Co Ltd | 多室冷暖房装置 |
JP3063742B2 (ja) * | 1998-01-30 | 2000-07-12 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
JP2002106995A (ja) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-10 | Hitachi Ltd | 空気調和機 |
JP4089326B2 (ja) * | 2002-07-17 | 2008-05-28 | 富士電機リテイルシステムズ株式会社 | 冷媒回路、およびそれを用いた自動販売機 |
WO2006057141A1 (ja) * | 2004-11-25 | 2006-06-01 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | 空気調和装置 |
-
2008
- 2008-10-29 WO PCT/JP2008/069613 patent/WO2010050006A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2008-10-29 EP EP08877718.0A patent/EP2312229B1/en active Active
- 2008-10-29 CN CN2008801305550A patent/CN102112816B/zh active Active
- 2008-10-29 US US13/056,439 patent/US20110167865A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-10-29 JP JP2010535549A patent/JPWO2010050006A1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02118372A (ja) | 1988-10-28 | 1990-05-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 空気調和装置 |
JPH05280818A (ja) * | 1992-04-01 | 1993-10-29 | Matsushita Refrig Co Ltd | 多室冷暖房装置 |
JPH11344240A (ja) * | 1998-06-02 | 1999-12-14 | Hitachi Ltd | 空気調和熱源装置 |
JP2003343936A (ja) | 2002-05-28 | 2003-12-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JP2008196829A (ja) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-28 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 空気調和装置 |
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2629026A4 (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2018-04-25 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Outdoor unit and air conditioning device |
JP5465338B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-03 | 2014-04-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
WO2012073293A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-03 | 2012-06-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
US9459013B2 (en) | 2010-12-03 | 2016-10-04 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Air-conditioning apparatus with safety measure for ventilation of inflammable refrigerant from heat exchanger |
CN103221751A (zh) * | 2010-12-03 | 2013-07-24 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 空气调节装置 |
CN103221751B (zh) * | 2010-12-03 | 2016-04-06 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 空气调节装置 |
AU2010364873B2 (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2014-10-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Air-conditioning apparatus |
EP2674686A4 (en) * | 2011-02-07 | 2018-04-04 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Air-conditioning device |
CN103354891A (zh) * | 2011-02-07 | 2013-10-16 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 空气调节装置 |
JP5611376B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-07 | 2014-10-22 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
US9464829B2 (en) | 2011-02-07 | 2016-10-11 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Air-conditioning apparatus |
WO2012107947A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-07 | 2012-08-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
WO2012132172A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-04 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
US9441862B2 (en) | 2011-03-28 | 2016-09-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Air-conditioning apparatus including intermediate heat exchangers |
CN103443556A (zh) * | 2011-03-28 | 2013-12-11 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 空气调节装置 |
WO2013102953A1 (ja) * | 2012-01-05 | 2013-07-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
US9719691B2 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2017-08-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Air-conditioning apparatus |
JP2013170726A (ja) * | 2012-02-20 | 2013-09-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 空気調和装置 |
JP2017101855A (ja) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-08 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | 空気調和装置 |
JP2017101854A (ja) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-08 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | 空気調和装置 |
JP2022528256A (ja) * | 2019-04-09 | 2022-06-09 | エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティド | 空気調和装置 |
JPWO2021053924A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-17 | 2021-03-25 | ||
WO2021053924A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-17 | 2021-03-25 | 東芝キヤリア株式会社 | 空気調和機 |
CN114466995A (zh) * | 2019-09-17 | 2022-05-10 | 东芝开利株式会社 | 空调机 |
CN114466995B (zh) * | 2019-09-17 | 2023-08-15 | 东芝开利株式会社 | 空调机 |
JP7356506B2 (ja) | 2019-09-17 | 2023-10-04 | 東芝キヤリア株式会社 | 空気調和機 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102112816A (zh) | 2011-06-29 |
EP2312229A1 (en) | 2011-04-20 |
CN102112816B (zh) | 2013-09-18 |
EP2312229A4 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
US20110167865A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
JPWO2010050006A1 (ja) | 2012-03-29 |
EP2312229B1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2010050006A1 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
JP5236009B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
JP5306449B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
JP5436575B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
US8844301B2 (en) | Air-conditioning apparatus | |
JP5933031B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
JP5279919B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
JP5474048B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
JP5784117B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
WO2012070083A1 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
JP5595521B2 (ja) | ヒートポンプ装置 | |
WO2011099063A1 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
WO2013008365A1 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
WO2012032580A1 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
JP5959716B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
WO2011099058A1 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
WO2011064830A1 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
WO2014083679A1 (ja) | 空気調和装置、その設計方法 | |
JP5312681B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
JP6062030B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
WO2011030420A1 (ja) | 空気調和装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200880130555.0 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 08877718 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2010535549 Country of ref document: JP Ref document number: 2008877718 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13056439 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |