WO2010044270A1 - Méthode de culture agricole utilisant un matériau d'émission fluorescent et matériau d'émission utilisé dans la méthode - Google Patents

Méthode de culture agricole utilisant un matériau d'émission fluorescent et matériau d'émission utilisé dans la méthode Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010044270A1
WO2010044270A1 PCT/JP2009/005397 JP2009005397W WO2010044270A1 WO 2010044270 A1 WO2010044270 A1 WO 2010044270A1 JP 2009005397 W JP2009005397 W JP 2009005397W WO 2010044270 A1 WO2010044270 A1 WO 2010044270A1
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Prior art keywords
fluorescent
crop
net
sheet
light
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PCT/JP2009/005397
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
谷辰夫
中澤富夫
Original Assignee
学校法人東京理科大学
マテリアルサイエンス株式会社
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Application filed by 学校法人東京理科大学, マテリアルサイエンス株式会社 filed Critical 学校法人東京理科大学
Priority to KR1020117005573A priority Critical patent/KR101354132B1/ko
Priority to CN2009801356519A priority patent/CN102149272B/zh
Publication of WO2010044270A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010044270A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0237—Devices for protecting a specific part of a plant, e.g. roots, trunk or fruits
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • A01G13/0275—Films
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/04—Cloches, i.e. protective full coverings for individual plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a crop cultivation method using a fluorescent radioactive material and a material used therefor.
  • Patent Document 3 proposes a net containing a fluorescent dye as a material for promoting photosynthesis (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
  • Patent Document 3 If the net described in Patent Document 3 is used as a photosynthesis promoting material, it is possible to convert a part of light contained in sunlight or the like into light having a wavelength preferable for plant photosynthesis in the form of fluorescence. Moreover, light such as sunlight can be directly applied to the crops from the opening of the net. Therefore, unlike the case where the film-like photosynthesis promoting material is used as described above, there is almost no adverse effect caused by the sunlight being shielded. However, there is still room for improvement from the viewpoint of further activating photosynthesis and further improving the weight and sugar content of crops.
  • the present invention provides a method for cultivating crops that activates photosynthesis of crops by using a fluorescent radioactive material, and further increases the weight of the crops or accelerates the growth and has high cultivation efficiency with little variation in quality. Is the primary purpose. Further, the present invention provides a method for cultivating crops that uses fluorescent radioactive materials to increase the sugar content of crops and to increase the amount of ingredients such as lycopene contained in vegetables and fruits such as tomatoes, watermelons, and pink grapefruits. The second object is to provide a method for cultivating crops.
  • the present invention provides (1) as a crop cultivation material, either a fluorescent radioactive net and a fluorescent radioactive sheet alone or in combination, or a light reflective material, a fluorescent radioactive net and / or a fluorescent radioactive sheet, A method for cultivating crops using a combination of the above-mentioned materials for cultivating crops so that the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent radiation net or the fluorescent radiation sheet upon receiving light can irradiate the crops from a plurality of directions.
  • a crop cultivation method characterized by promoting photosynthesis.
  • the present invention also provides (2) using the light-reflective sheet as the light-reflective material, laying the light-reflective sheet on a farmland where the crop is cultivated, and covering the crop with the fluorescent radiation net or the fluorescence
  • a radioactive sheet is installed so that the fluorescent radiation net or the fluorescent radiation sheet receives light and radiates the fluorescence and the transmitted light directly onto the crop, and reflects the light on the light reflective sheet to the crop.
  • the present invention also provides (3) the fluorescent radiation net (2) or the fluorescent radiation so that the fluorescent radiation net (1) or the fluorescent radiation sheet (1) is laid on a farmland where the crop is cultivated and the crop is covered.
  • the sheet (2) is installed, and the fluorescent radiation net (2) or the fluorescent radiation sheet (2) receives the light emitted from the fluorescent radiation and the transmitted light, and directly irradiates the crop with the transmitted light.
  • the method for cultivating a crop according to (1) wherein the fluorescent radiation net (1) or the fluorescent radiation sheet (1) is irradiated to irradiate the crop with the emitted fluorescence.
  • the present invention is (4) the method for cultivating a crop according to (2) or (3), wherein the fluorescent radioactive net or the fluorescent radioactive sheet covering the crop is supported by a dome-shaped support. .
  • the present invention also provides (5) using a bag-like material made of the fluorescent radioactive net or the fluorescent radioactive sheet, and covering the fruit or fruit while growing with the bag-like material so that the fruit or fruit is fluorescent from the surroundings.
  • the method for cultivating agricultural products according to item (1), wherein the method is as follows.
  • the present invention is (6) characterized in that the umbrella-shaped material made of the fluorescent radiation sheet is used, and the umbrella-shaped material is attached above the fruit or fruit covered with the bag-shaped material.
  • this invention uses (7) the house where the roof part and / or the wall part were comprised with the said fluorescence radiation net
  • this invention is installed so that the crop grown in the farmland in a house may be covered with the said fluorescence radiation net
  • the present invention provides (9) any one of (5) to (8), characterized in that the fluorescent radiation net, the fluorescent radiation sheet and / or the light reflecting material is laid on the farmland where the crop is cultivated. 1.
  • the fluorescent radiation sheet and the fluorescent radiation sheet have an attenuation factor of 5.5 to 12.0% in a wavelength region of 280 to 320 nm (UV-B), and a wavelength region of 250 to 280 nm (UV).
  • UV-B wavelength region of 280 to 320 nm
  • UV-C wavelength region of 250 to 280 nm
  • the present invention is also characterized in that (11) the fluorescent radiation net and the fluorescent radiation sheet absorb light in a wavelength region of 250 to 650 nm and emit fluorescence in a wavelength region of 450 to 700 nm.
  • the crop cultivation method according to any one of (1) to (10).
  • the present invention is (12) the crop cultivation method according to any one of items (1) to (11), wherein the fluorescent radiation sheet has a light transmittance of 80 to 95%.
  • the present invention is (13) the crop cultivation method according to any one of items (2) to (12), wherein the light reflective sheet has a light reflectance of 95% or more.
  • the attenuation factor in the wavelength region 280 to 320 nm is 5.5 to 12.0%
  • the attenuation factor in the wavelength region 250 to 280 nm is 17.5 to It is a fluorescent radioactive material characterized by being 28.0%.
  • the present invention is a bag-shaped or umbrella-shaped agricultural material made of the material described in (15) or (14).
  • the present invention is (16) a farmhouse for cultivating crops, characterized in that the roof and / or the wall is composed of the material described in (14).
  • a method for cultivating a crop with high cultivation efficiency which further increases the weight of the crop or accelerates the growth and has less variation in quality.
  • a method for cultivating crops that can increase the sugar content of crops and increase the amount of components such as lycopene contained in vegetables and fruits such as tomatoes, watermelons, and pink grapefruits.
  • sunlight is composed of a wide wavelength band (approximately 200 to 4000 nm), but the wavelength bands contributing to the photosynthesis reaction are the blue wavelength band (450 to 550 nm) and the red wavelength band (550 to 750 nm). It is considered.
  • light in the red wavelength band is considered to contribute to the promotion of plant germination, leaf, bulb, root and fruit growth.
  • a light source that strongly irradiates light in the red wavelength band has been developed and irradiated to plants.
  • the photosynthesis reaction of plants is actively performed by irradiating light in the red wavelength band using a large number of red light emitting diodes.
  • the photosynthetic reaction particularly uses light in a certain range of the sunlight spectrum.
  • the photosynthetic reaction of plants is performed by irradiation with sunlight, and further, the photosynthesis reaction can be actively promoted by superimposing components in the red wavelength band.
  • the skin of fruits such as apples and grapes, or the fruits of vegetables is considered to contain no chlorophyll so as to greatly contribute to photosynthesis, but it is considered to be contained in the above-mentioned skin other than chlorophyll. Since it is presumed that the body contributes to growth, in the present invention, the growth of all crops including the contribution to such growth is collectively expressed as “photosynthesis” and described.
  • the crop cultivation method of the present invention irradiates the crop with natural light or artificial light and fluorescence in a well-balanced manner, and in particular, irradiates the crop with a plurality of directions as much as possible rather than from one direction.
  • a fluorescent radioactive net and a fluorescent radioactive sheet as a crop cultivation material, a fluorescent radioactive net and a fluorescent radioactive sheet (this net and the sheet are collectively referred to as “fluorescent radioactive material” as necessary, and both the fluorescent net and the fluorescent sheet are referred to.
  • the above materials are installed so that the “light” is effectively utilized for photosynthesis. When two types of the three types of materials are used in combination, it is preferable to install so that the crop is located between the two types of materials.
  • the fluorescent radioactive material can be installed and used alone.
  • a single fluorescent radioactive material can be folded at an angle, or a crop can be used as a surrounding area. By setting up so as to surround, the fluorescent light can be radiated to the crop from a plurality of directions.
  • the fluorescent radiation net and the fluorescent radiation sheet used in the crop cultivation method of the present invention have a function of converting harmful ultraviolet light into useful visible light, and absorb light in a wavelength range of 250 to 650 nm, Further, those that emit fluorescence in the wavelength region of 450 to 700 nm are preferably used.
  • the fluorescent radioactive net and the fluorescent radioactive sheet cut not only harmful ultraviolet rays of 280 to 320 nm (UV-B) but also particularly harmful ultraviolet rays of 250 to 280 nm (UV-C).
  • the greenhouse generally refers to a building whose purpose is cultivation of plants and the outside of the framework is covered with glass, plastic, or a vinyl sheet.
  • these glass and plastic are used.
  • a fluorescent radioactive material instead of the vinyl sheet.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional cultivation method in which a crop is only covered with a fluorescent radioactive material, and another fluorescent radioactive material or a light reflective material is not used in combination.
  • incident light in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 described later in FIG. 1 is obtained by covering the crop 4 with a fluorescent radioactive material 1 a that absorbs light (natural light or artificial light) and emits fluorescence.
  • fluorescent radioactive material 1 a that absorbs light (natural light or artificial light) and emits fluorescence.
  • “sunlight” is displayed.
  • a part of the light can be converted into fluorescence (red light) having a wavelength suitable for photosynthesis of the crop 4 and fruit ripening.
  • fluorescence red light
  • the light that is the sum of the transmitted light that has passed through or transmitted through the fluorescent radioactive material and the fluorescence that has been wavelength-converted and emitted is used for the photosynthesis and maturation of the crop 4.
  • these lights only the light irradiated on the surface of the crop 4 is effectively used, and the unused light (sunlight and fluorescence) not irradiated on the crop 4 is irradiated on the ground. It will be. Most of the unused light irradiated to the ground is absorbed by the ground, so that it cannot be used for the photosynthesis and maturation of the crop 4 and is lost.
  • the present invention is a cultivation method that can reduce the loss and increase the utilization efficiency of given natural light, artificial light, and fluorescence emitted after wavelength conversion.
  • a first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
  • a light-reflective sheet or a fluorescent-radiation net or a fluorescent-radiation sheet as the light-reflective material is laid on a farmland where a crop is cultivated, and the fluorescent-radiation net or the fluorescence
  • the method of installing the radioactive sheet will be described with reference to the schematic diagram of FIG.
  • FIG. 2A is an example in which a fluorescent radioactive net is combined as a material covering crops and a light reflective sheet is combined as a material laid on farmland, and FIG.
  • 2B is a fluorescent radioactive net and materials laid on farmland as materials covering crops.
  • (c) is an example in which a light-reflective sheet and a fluorescent radiation sheet are combined as materials for covering agricultural crops and a material for laying on farmland.
  • the light reflective sheet 2 is installed on the surface of the farmland where the crop 4 is cultivated, and the crop 4 grows above the light reflective sheet 2.
  • the fluorescent radiation net 1 is installed with an interval / space. In this state, when sunlight hits the fluorescent radioactive net 1, fluorescence is emitted from the fluorescent radioactive net 1, and a part of the sunlight passes through the gap of the fluorescent radioactive net 1 and passes through it.
  • the light-reflecting sheet 2 receives and reflects sunlight and fluorescence that has passed without irradiating the crop (both unused light), the reflected light (sunlight and fluorescence) irradiates the crop 4. .
  • the “agricultural land” in the present invention includes a farmland where crop seedlings are planted, a farmland where crop seeds are planted, a farmland where fruit trees are planted, etc. If it is cultivated, it shall correspond to farmland.
  • the fluorescent radioactive net 1 used in the present invention is not limited to the case shown in FIG. 2 (a), and plants can use a part of light constituting natural light or artificial light in the form of fluorescent light emission for photosynthesis.
  • the light reflective sheet 2 used in the present invention reflects light having a spectral balance favorable for plant photosynthesis in this way, and supplies light to the crop 4 again. Therefore, when the light reflective sheet and the fluorescent radiation net are combined as shown in FIG. 2A, the farmland is obtained using only the light reflective sheet or the fluorescent radiation sheet without using the fluorescent radiation net 1. Compared with the case where the crop is covered with the fluorescent radioactive net 1 or the fluorescent radioactive sheet without laying the light reflective sheet on the farmland, the photosynthesis efficiency can be remarkably improved.
  • the light reflective sheet 2 used in the present invention is installed on the surface of the farmland, it is located below the crop 4. For this reason, as described above, the light reflective sheet 2 can reflect the unused light that has not been irradiated to the crop 4 as described above and irradiate the crop 4 with the reflected light. For this reason, since the utilization factor of the light poured on the crop 4 can be improved, the present invention activates the photosynthesis of the crop 4 to increase the yield of the crop 4. Moreover, in the crop 4 which bears fruit, the weight of a fruit can be increased and a sugar content and a nutrient can be increased.
  • a sheet having a light reflectance of 95% or more is preferably used, as long as it exhibits the function of reflecting fluorescence and / or sunlight as described above.
  • a relatively thin film of flexibility and flexibility that is suitable for the surface state is preferably used, and a molded raw material composition containing at least a thermoplastic resin, Examples include those obtained by dispersing and mixing a white pigment in a thermoplastic resin, and those obtained by performing aluminum vapor deposition on the surface of the thermoplastic resin.
  • it is preferably used in terms of availability and cost, such as a white mulching sheet.
  • the light reflective material is not limited to a flexible / flexible sheet, but also a rigid plate.
  • the light reflective material is not limited to a flexible / flexible sheet, but also a rigid plate.
  • the crop can be irradiated with fluorescence from a plurality of directions, and the same effect as the cultivation method of FIG. 2A can be obtained. it can.
  • a fluorescent radiation net or a fluorescent radiation sheet is used as a material used for laying a fluorescent radiation net or a fluorescent radiation sheet on a farmland where the crop is cultivated, and covering the crop.
  • the fluorescent radiation net or the fluorescent radiation sheet receives light to irradiate light and light that passes through the fluorescent radioactive material covering the crop directly to the crop, and the transmitted light is emitted from the fluorescent light. It is a method of irradiating a crop with the emitted fluorescence by irradiating a radioactive net or the fluorescent radiation sheet.
  • a fluorescent radioactive net 1 is combined as a material for covering agricultural crops and a fluorescent radioactive sheet is combined as a material laid on farmland
  • fluorescence is emitted from the net 1 and irradiates the crops together with the light passing through the gaps in the net 1.
  • the fluorescent radiation sheet 3 converts the wavelength of the sunlight into new fluorescence. The fluorescence is emitted and the crop 4 is irradiated.
  • the crop receives the fluorescence from two directions and the sunlight that has passed through the gaps of the fluorescent radioactive net 1, and activates photosynthesis. Furthermore, it is considered as a possibility that the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent radiation net 1 and not irradiating the crop is reflected and irradiated with the crop after reaching the fluorescent radiation sheet 3 laid on the farmland.
  • thermoplastic resin containing a predetermined amount of a fluorescent dye is formed into a sheet shape. Therefore, when it is irradiated with natural light or artificial light, photosynthesis is performed. It is possible to emit fluorescence having a wavelength range suitable for the above. For this reason, when the fluorescent radiation sheet 3 is installed on the surface of the farmland, when the transmitted light that has passed through the gap of the net 1 located above the crop 4 and is not wavelength-converted reaches the surface of the farmland as unused light.
  • Such unused light is absorbed by the fluorescent radioactive sheet 3 present on the surface of the farmland, and the absorbed unused light is again emitted upward as fluorescence and irradiated to the crop 4. Therefore, the utilization rate of the light falling on the crop 4 can be improved, so that the photosynthesis of the crop 4 is activated and the yield of the crop 4 is increased.
  • the fluorescent radiation sheet 3 the already described fluorescent radiation net may be used.
  • a fluorescent radiation sheet 3 is laid on the light reflective sheet 2.
  • the effective use of light by the light reflective sheet 2 already described in FIG. 2A and the effective use of light by the fluorescent radiation sheet 3 already described in FIG. can do.
  • the fluorescent radiation sheet 3 the already described fluorescent radiation net may be used.
  • (a), (b) and (c) in FIG. 2 are examples in which a fluorescent radioactive net is installed as a material for covering crops, but the fluorescent radioactive net is replaced with a fluorescent radioactive sheet.
  • the fluorescent radiation sheet does not have a void like the fluorescent radiation net, but as described later, since the light transmittance is about 80 to 95%, not all the irradiated light is converted into fluorescence.
  • a part of the irradiated light is transmitted and reaches the material laid on the farmland directly and functions effectively to promote photosynthesis. .
  • the fluorescent radiation net or fluorescent radiation sheet can be installed so as to cover the crop.
  • the net is directly hung on the crop so as to cover the top of the crop, and the net is supported by a dome-shaped support installed so as to cover the crop.
  • a dome-shaped support installed so as to cover the crop.
  • the method of making it etc. is illustrated, it does not specifically limit.
  • a mode in which a plurality of arch-like support bodies that straddle the fence on which the crop is planted is set apart and the nets are put on the support bodies is exemplified.
  • the entire bag is covered with a tunnel-like net.
  • the longitudinal direction of the tunnel coincides with the north-south direction so that light is uniformly applied to the crops in the tunnel formed by the net.
  • the dome-shaped support is installed so that the longitudinal direction thereof coincides with the north-south direction.
  • the fluorescent radioactive net or the fluorescent radioactive sheet may be used alone, or a plurality of the fluorescent radioactive nets may be used.
  • a moisturizing and / or heat retaining sheet may be laid on the surface of the farmland where the crop is cultivated, and the fluorescent radiation sheet 3 may be laid on the moisturizing and / or heat retaining sheet.
  • the second embodiment uses cylindrical or bag-like materials (collectively referred to as bag-like materials) made of a fluorescent radioactive net or a fluorescent radioactive sheet, and covers the bag-like materials on growing fruits or fruits.
  • the cultivation method is such that the fruit or fruit receives fluorescence from the surroundings, and further, the umbrella-shaped material made of the fluorescent radioactive sheet is used, and the umbrella-shaped material is placed above the fruit or fruit covered with the bag-shaped material. It is a cultivation method performed by attaching materials.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention, and an umbrella made of a fluorescent radioactive sheet as a material above a fruit of a crop 4 ′ covered with a bag-like material 1 ′ made of a fluorescent radioactive net.
  • a shaped material 3 ' is installed.
  • the vegetable or fruit fruit 4 ′ in FIG. 3, rice cake is described as an example.
  • the fluorescence converted into the wavelength that contributes to the ripening and sunlight is irradiated in a well-balanced manner from the periphery of the fruit of the vegetable or fruit.
  • Fruits such as tomatoes, watermelons, cucumbers, and fruits such as apples, peaches, apricots, persimmons, pears, will improve fruiting when irradiated with red light. It is generally said that the contained nutrients and the like can be increased, and the cultivation method of the present invention is also effective for such purposes.
  • the antioxidant component lycopene contained in these vegetables and fruits is increased. Therefore, the added value of these vegetables and fruits can be increased.
  • the umbrella-shaped material 3 ′ made of a fluorescent radioactive sheet is placed above the fruit or fruit 4 ′ covered with the bag-shaped material 1 ′ or separated from the bag-shaped material 1 ′. In addition to the photosynthetic promoting effect obtained by the bag-like material 1 ′ and the umbrella-like material 3 ′, a “sunburn preventing effect” for fruits and the like is also expected.
  • the surface of the farmland where the tree is planted is In order to obtain the same effect, a light reflective sheet or a fluorescent radioactive material can be laid.
  • a third embodiment is house cultivation using a fluorescent radioactive net and / or a fluorescent radioactive sheet.
  • a fluorescent radioactive net and / or a fluorescent radioactive sheet is installed as an outer wall material on a roof portion or a wall surface.
  • the housing of the house in the present embodiment include a galvanized pipe and the like, but are not particularly limited.
  • it does not specifically limit about the structure of a house, a magnitude
  • Which of the fluorescent radiation net and the fluorescent radiation sheet is used as the outer wall material constituting the roof portion and wall surface of the house of the present invention can be appropriately selected according to the environment, the type of crops, and the like.
  • a fluorescent sheet having no air gap is suitable as a material for the roof portion, but a fluorescent net having a low porosity can also be selected.
  • a case where a fluorescent net is used in consideration of air permeability in the house can be mentioned.
  • the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent radioactive material is irradiated from multiple directions of the roof and the wall surface, and sunlight is also irradiated in a well-balanced manner, so that photosynthesis is activated,
  • the desired agricultural products can be cultivated.
  • a light reflective sheet or a fluorescent radioactive material can be laid on the farmland surface in the house.
  • This specific example is a cultivation method in which a conventional plastic greenhouse is used and a fluorescent radioactive material is installed so as to cover a crop or a farmland cultivated therein.
  • this cultivation method is similar to the first embodiment, since the sunlight that enters the house is transmitted through the vinyl on the outer wall, the amount of light is lower than in other cases, and accordingly, The amount of fluorescent light radiated from the fluorescent radioactive material by sunlight and reaching the crops and the amount of sunlight passing through the fluorescent radioactive material and reaching the crops are generally weakened.
  • the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent radiation material is utilized to the maximum extent, so that the crop can emit the fluorescence from as many directions as possible. It is necessary to install a fluorescent radioactive material so that it can be irradiated.
  • the fluorescent radioactive material should be installed at an angle so that the fluorescent radioactive material of a large area is folded and installed toward the crop, or multiple fluorescent radioactive materials are installed toward the crop. Is preferred.
  • the large-area fluorescent net is fixed to be suspended from the ceiling of the house, Fixing both ends of the net so as to form an isosceles triangle with its fixed part at the apex, and attaching it so as to cover the farmland, it radiates from the two hypotenuse nets of the isosceles triangle, that is, from two directions Fluorescence can irradiate produce.
  • the fluorescent radioactive net and fluorescent radioactive sheet used in the present invention have a function of absorbing harmful ultraviolet light and light in the blue light region and converting them into useful visible light when irradiated with light such as sunlight. That is, it is necessary to radiate light in the band particularly used for the photosynthetic reaction of plants as fluorescence. For this purpose, it absorbs light in the wavelength range of 250 to 650 nm and emits fluorescence in the wavelength range of 450 to 700 nm. What emits is preferred. If the fluorescence emission wavelength region is within this range, a sufficient photosynthesis promoting effect can be obtained.
  • the fluorescent radioactive net and the fluorescent radioactive sheet used in the present invention are not only harmful in the ultraviolet wavelength range 280 to 320 nm (UV-B) but also in the harmful wavelength range 250 to 280 nm (UV-C).
  • the attenuation factor in the wavelength region 280 to 320 nm (UV-B) is 5.5 to 12.0%
  • the attenuation factor in the wavelength region 250 to 280 nm (UV-C) is 17.5 to 28.
  • Those that are 0.0% are preferably used. It is inferred that the cause of the increase in the amount of lycopene contained in red vegetables such as tomatoes and fruits by the crop cultivation method of the present invention is due to the attenuation of UV-C.
  • the fluorescent radioactive material of the present invention has an ultraviolet shielding effect.
  • Ultraviolet rays are said to have an adverse effect on intracellular chromosomes, and this is no exception in plants. Cells affected by ultraviolet rays are destroyed, and the affected crops are inhibited from growing. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures against ultraviolet rays to promote the growth of the crops.
  • the present inventors use the fluorescent sheet, (1) one uses a daylight fluorescent lamp, and (2) the other
  • the case of (1) was compared to the case of using the black light containing ultraviolet rays of (2).
  • light containing no ultraviolet rays was effective for growing crops, and the usefulness of the present invention was confirmed. This will be specifically described in Reference Example 1 described later.
  • the present inventors measured the temperature in a house using (1) the conventional vinyl house, and (2) the house which comprises all the roof parts and wall surfaces with the fluorescent sheet used for this invention
  • the outside air temperature is about 30 ° C. and the solar radiation intensity is about 800 W / m 2
  • the temperature is about 35 ° C. in the case of (1), whereas it is about 27 ° C. in the case of (2). It was.
  • the fluorescent sheet used in the present invention attenuates light in the short wavelength region, so that the energy taken into the house is greatly reduced, and the energy is reduced by about 30 to 40%. It is guessed.
  • the fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention when the fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention is irradiated with light, it emits not only 450-700 nm fluorescence effective for photosynthesis from the surface but also far-infrared rays having a longer wavelength in practice. From this, it is considered that the fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention has a high reflectance of the inner surface with respect to far infrared rays, and conversely, the emissivity for radiating far infrared rays to the outside is small. Therefore, especially in the case of a house composed of a fluorescent sheet, it is presumed that this property has a higher heat retention than a conventional vinyl house.
  • the vision of a pest that feeds on agricultural products generally has a strong sensitivity in the red region, it is possible to give a strong stimulus to the vision of the pest by emitting fluorescence in the wavelength range as described above. For this reason, a pest comes to take action which avoids such irritation
  • the present invention is a method of promoting photosynthesis using fluorescence and sunlight.
  • the fluorescent radioactive material does not convert all of the irradiated sunlight into fluorescence, but in the case of a fluorescence net. Part of the sunlight needs to pass through the gap, and in the case of a fluorescent sheet, it is necessary to transmit part of the sunlight. Therefore, in the case of a fluorescent sheet, the transmittance is preferably about 80 to 95%.
  • the fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention forms a rough surface having a fine uneven state rather than an optically smooth surface in order to efficiently emit the fluorescence generated inside the material constituting them to the outside. It is preferable. Since the surface is such a rough surface, the fluorescence generated inside the material is irregularly reflected on the rough surface, and the amount of fluorescent light emitted to the outside of the material increases due to the irregular reflection. The effect can be further enhanced. As described later, the fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention is a thin or thin material, so there are fine irregularities on the surface from the beginning, in order to take out the fluorescence more efficiently to the outside, You may provide an unevenness
  • the fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention absorbs natural light and artificial light and emits wavelength-converted fluorescence from the upper surface (front surface) and the lower surface (back surface), thereby bringing about an effect of promoting photosynthesis.
  • a woven or knitted fabric such as a fluorescent radioactive net
  • the woven or knitted fabric is knitted with a gap (called a void) between the weft and the warp, so all the irradiated light is converted into fluorescence. Not to do. For this reason, light necessary for photosynthesis is allowed to pass from the gap, and the gap contributes to the growth of crops, such as ensuring air permeability and releasing excessive moisture.
  • the porosity of the fluorescent net in the present invention will be described.
  • the porosity means the ratio of the area of the void portion to the total area of the net. If the porosity is reduced, that is, the net material amount is increased by narrowing the net of the net, the amount of emitted fluorescence increases, but the amount of natural light or artificial light transmitted through the net decreases, It is preferable to appropriately select the porosity according to the cultivation place, environment, and type of the crop. For example, when the crop is covered directly with a fluorescent net or supported with a dome-shaped support, the porosity is preferably designed to be 70 to 90%. On the other hand, when the fluorescent net is used on a large scale as in the above-mentioned house cultivation, the porosity may be set to 30 to 50% in consideration of wind and snow, air permeability, and the like.
  • Fluorescent radioactive materials used in the present invention can be used by overlapping a plurality of sheets as necessary.
  • the porosity of the net can be adjusted, the balance between the light transmitted through the net and the wavelength-converted fluorescence can be adjusted in accordance with the crops.
  • the fluorescent radioactive net used in the present invention is produced from a composition comprising at least a thermoplastic resin and a fluorescent dye as a raw material.
  • a film obtained by molding such a composition is cut and processed.
  • network can be illustrated.
  • the flat yarn has a thickness of preferably about 5 to 150 ⁇ m, more preferably about 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the monofilament preferably has a fiber diameter of 140 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably about 220 to 700 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the film used as the flat yarn material is preferably about 0.2 to 0.7 mm, and more preferably about 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
  • the fluorescent radiation sheet is obtained by molding, for example, a composition composed of at least a thermoplastic resin and a fluorescent dye, as in the same manner as the fluorescent radiation net.
  • molding method Extrusion molding, injection molding, compression molding, etc. can be used, Especially extrusion molding is used preferably.
  • the thickness of the sheet is exemplified by about 0.2 to 0.7 mm, but is not limited thereto, and may be appropriately determined in consideration of factors such as required strength and cost.
  • Fluorescent dyes used in fluorescent radioactive nets and fluorescent radioactive sheets are only required if the emitted light (fluorescence) generated by irradiating the fluorescent radioactive nets and fluorescent radioactive sheets with light such as sunlight exhibits a photosynthetic promoting effect. There is no particular limitation.
  • the light absorption wavelength region is preferably 400 to 600 nm, more preferably 470 to 600 nm, and A fluorescent dye having a wavelength region of the emitted light generated when irradiated with light in a range of 450 to 700 nm is preferably used for obtaining a photosynthesis promoting effect.
  • a fluorescent dye having a wavelength region of the emitted light generated when irradiated with light in a range of 450 to 700 nm is preferably used for obtaining a photosynthesis promoting effect.
  • the various effects described above can be obtained.
  • the light absorption wavelength region is preferably in the range of 250 to 650 nm, and the wavelength region of the emitted light generated when irradiated with light such as sunlight is 450 to 650 nm.
  • Fluorescent dyes such as those present at 700 nm are preferably used.
  • the fluorescent pigment includes fluorescent dyes and fluorescent pigments.
  • fluorescent dye nonionic fluorescent dyes, for example, polycyclic dyes such as violanthrone dyes, vilantron dyes, flavantron dyes, perylene dyes and pyrene dyes, xanthene dyes, thioxanthene dyes, Naphthalimide dyes, naphtholactam dyes, anthraquinone dyes, benzoanthrone dyes, coumarin dyes and the like can be mentioned. From these, a fluorescent dye having the above absorption wavelength range and emitting light in the above wavelength range is appropriately selected. Among them, a perylene dye or a naphthalimide dye is preferable, and a perylene dye is particularly preferable.
  • perylene-based dye examples include, for example, trade names Lumogen F series Yellow 083, Orange 240, Red 305 and the like manufactured by BSF Akchengezelshaft.
  • naphthalimide-based dyes examples include VISF 570, Blue 650, etc., trade names Lumogen F series manufactured by BSF Acten Gesellshaft.
  • These fluorescent dyes are used by dissolving in an organic solvent such as glycols, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, esters, ketones or amides, or water.
  • organic solvent such as glycols, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, esters, ketones or amides, or water.
  • the concentration of the fluorescent dye contained in the fluorescent radiation net and the fluorescent radiation sheet used in the present invention is 0.001 to 0.03 mass relative to the thermoplastic resin constituting the fluorescent radiation net and the fluorescent radiation sheet. %, And more preferably 0.015 to 0.02% by mass.
  • the content of the fluorescent dye is insufficient, the amount of radiation (fluorescence) decreases as the amount of absorption of light such as sunlight decreases, which is not preferable.
  • the content of the fluorescent dye is excessive, the amount of absorption of light such as sunlight increases, but the amount of radiation (fluorescence) decreases due to concentration quenching, which is not preferable.
  • the present inventors have repeatedly used the fluorescent radioactive net and the fluorescent radioactive sheet, so that the fluorescent dye gradually elutes from them, and the emission (fluorescence) intensity decreases, resulting in a short period of time.
  • the phenomenon that the expected effect disappears was confirmed.
  • the reason why such a phenomenon occurs is presumed that the compatibility between the thermoplastic resin and the fluorescent dye, or the dispersibility of the fluorescent dye is insufficient, so that the combination of the thermoplastic resin and the fluorescent dye has good compatibility. It is preferable to select one.
  • the fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention is required to be stable for a long period of time against wind and rain, changes in temperature, etc. in order to be able to exhibit the photosynthetic promoting effect and insect repellent effect for a long period of time. It is desirable that the thermoplastic resin and the fluorescent dye have good dispersibility and compatibility, and that the fluorescent dye does not come out of the molded body. Therefore, examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyester, nylon, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, etc. From the above viewpoint, among the above thermoplastic resins, polyester, nylon, polyolefin-based resin Resins are preferably used, and polyesters are particularly preferably used.
  • thermoplastic resin For the outer wall material of a general greenhouse, polyolefin resin, polyvinyl chloride, fluororesin, etc. are used as the thermoplastic resin.
  • thermoplastic resin polyvinyl chloride, fluororesin, etc.
  • fluorescent radiation sheet or a fluorescent net containing the fluorescent dye As described above, after considering the dispersibility and compatibility between the thermoplastic resin and the fluorescent dye, they can be appropriately selected and used.
  • polyester it is desirable to use a polyester obtained by appropriately selecting an acid component and a glycol component constituting the polyester for the above purpose.
  • polyester examples include acid components such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4- Examples thereof include a polymer obtained by condensation polymerization with a glycol component such as cyclohexanedimethanol and cyclohexanediol, and a copolymer obtained by replacing a part of the acid component and / or glycol component with a copolymerization component. Specifically, polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate are exemplified as preferable materials.
  • nylon examples include nylon 6, nylon 6,6, nylon 6,10, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 6/11, nylon 6/12, and the like.
  • polyethylene resins such as high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, branched low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer produced using a metallocene catalyst
  • polypropylene resins such as propylene homopolymer, ethylene-propylene block copolymer, and ethylene-propylene random copolymer.
  • the thermoplastic resin may be a biodegradable resin.
  • the fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention may contain a fading preventing agent and / or a light-resistant additive without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
  • commonly used additives such as an antioxidant, a dispersant, a lubricant, an antistatic agent, a pigment, an inorganic filler, a crosslinking agent, a foaming agent, and a nucleating agent can be blended.
  • a PPFD (photosynthetic effective photon flux density) value is used as an index of the intensity of irradiation light related to plant growth.
  • the PPFD value is obtained by dividing the number of photons incident on the unit time unit area for each light in the red wavelength band (580 to 780 nm) and the blue wavelength band (380 to 580 nm) of incident light by the Avogadro number. It is defined by the value integrated by.
  • the R / B value (Y) ratio (referred to as R / B relative value) of the passed light is preferably 1.1 to 1.5.
  • the PPFD value of the red band becomes too small and a sufficient photosynthesis promoting effect cannot be obtained.
  • the fluorescent radioactive net-like material is used in an overlapping manner, and the R / B relative value may be calculated using the R / B value (Y) of the light that has passed through the overlapping net.
  • Y the R / B value
  • a plurality of fluorescent radioactive nets can be used as necessary, and the PPFD value of the red band can be increased as the number increases, but at the same time, the irradiation light is strongly shielded. Therefore, the desired effect cannot be obtained even if the R / B relative value is too large.
  • the R / B value when the irradiation light used for growing the crop is natural light such as sunlight, the R of the light that has passed through the fluorescent radiation net (light that has undergone wavelength conversion by fluorescence).
  • the / B value is preferably about 0.90 to 1.25, and in the case of artificial light such as a fluorescent lamp, the R / B value of light passing through the fluorescent radiation net is about 1.00 to 1.40. It was confirmed that it was preferable.
  • the fluorescent radioactive nets are used in an overlapping manner, the R / B value of the light that has passed through the overlapping nets is preferably within the above range.
  • the intensity of natural light (sunlight) (referred to as solar radiation intensity) is 1 kW per 1 m 2 , it is referred to as reference solar radiation intensity and is used as a standard for the spectral distribution of sunlight.
  • the R / B value of natural light itself is 0.8 ( ⁇ 5%)
  • the R / B value of artificial light such as a fluorescent lamp is 0.94.
  • the intensity varies from day to day, so ⁇ 5% means the degree of change.
  • the present invention by using a fluorescent radioactive material having such characteristics, it is possible to increase the crop yield by 1.2 to 2.0 times or more compared to the case where these materials are not used.
  • the fluorescent radioactive material when used, naturally, the irradiation light amount of natural light or artificial light reaching the crop is reduced by about 20% at the maximum, but according to the experiment results of the present inventors, the irradiation light is reduced to this extent. It was confirmed that the yield did not decrease significantly even if (dim).
  • the fluorescent radioactive net material used in the present invention has an insecticidal (insect control) effect.
  • a red fluorescent dye When a red fluorescent dye is used
  • the present inventors include a red ordinary dye (non-fluorescent dye) when a fluorescent radioactive net-like material or a fluorescent radioactive sheet containing a red fluorescent dye is used. Compared to the case of using net-like materials and sheets, it was confirmed that the stimulation given to the human eye (the characteristic of human photopic vision by stimulation in a bright place) is about 3.0 times. Therefore, if a fluorescent dye that emits fluorescence in the wavelength range felt by pests is selected and used in a fluorescent radioactive net-like material or a fluorescent radioactive sheet, the pests will become more irritating, so the pests will approach vegetables and fruits. Can be prevented.
  • one of the warp and weft yarns has a fluorescent dye that generates fluorescence in the wavelength region contributing to the effect of promoting photosynthesis, and the other material.
  • a fluorescent dye that generates fluorescence in a wavelength region (about 450 to 600 nm) that contributes to the insect repellent effect can be contained, and the fluorescent dye that contributes to the photosynthesis promoting effect can be selected and used according to the type of crop. it can.
  • the fluorescent radioactive woven or knitted fabric particularly the fluorescent radioactive net will be described in detail.
  • the raw yarn used to manufacture the fluorescent radioactive net is a flat yarn obtained by slitting a film produced by various molding machines and then drawing, a split yarn obtained by splitting a flat yarn, a circular or deformed nozzle
  • a monofilament such as a monofilament obtained by stretching a filament extruded from or a multifilament obtained by focusing a low-definition filament, a composite yarn such as a multi-layer, a core-sheath, or a parallel-type can be used without limitation.
  • a fluorescent-radiation net by making a twisted yarn having a diameter of about 0.3 to 0.5 mm from a long film obtained by slitting the above film and bundling 3 to 5 pieces of the twisted yarn. It can also be used as a material.
  • a film used for producing a flat yarn is a mixture obtained by mixing a thermoplastic resin with a predetermined ratio of a fluorescent dye in advance using a mixer such as a Henschel mixer, and feeding the mixture to an extruder, or kneading, or It can be prepared by using a known method such as an extrusion molding method, an injection molding method, a compression molding method, etc. after supplying a predetermined proportion of thermoplastic resin and fluorescent dye directly to an extruder and kneading them. .
  • a masterbatch in which a high-concentration fluorescent dye is previously contained in the same or similar resin as the base thermoplastic resin is prepared, and the film is adjusted so that the fluorescent dye has a predetermined content at the time of film formation. You may employ
  • a flat yarn is a mixture of the above thermoplastic resin such as polyolefin, polyester or nylon and a fluorescent dye, and is charged into an extruder. Then, it is extruded in an amorphous state by the T-die method or the inflation method, and then solidified by cooling.
  • the obtained film is slit to a width of about 2 to 50 mm, preferably about 5 to 30 mm, stretched, and then heat treated. Is done.
  • the stretching treatment at this time is performed at a temperature below the melting point of the high melting point thermoplastic resin or above the softening point of the low melting point thermoplastic resin.
  • the heating method includes a hot roll type, a hot plate type, a hot air type, etc. Any method may be adopted.
  • the slit thermoplastic film is heated and drawn by a roll having a circumferential speed difference between the front and rear rolls, thereby forming a drawn yarn.
  • the draw ratio is preferably in the range of 3 to 15 times, more preferably in the range of 4 to 12 times, and most preferably in the range of 5 to 10 times. If the draw ratio is 3 times or more, sufficient strength of the flat yarn can be obtained. Moreover, if the draw ratio is 15 times or less, it is possible to prevent the flat yarn from being cracked due to the orientation in the drawing direction being too strong. Further, the single yarn fineness of the drawn yarn is usually in the range of 200 to 10000 dtex (hereinafter abbreviated as dt), preferably 500 to 5000 dt.
  • a net-shaped woven or knitted fabric is produced by weaving the drawn yarn made of the thermoplastic resin thus obtained as warp and weft.
  • the fluorescent radioactive net and fluorescent radioactive sheet used in the present invention include, for example, a fluorescent dye on the surface of a material such as a film containing a thermoplastic resin or a long film thereof, flat yarn, monofilament and / or composite monofilament. Also included are those made from the deposited material. In this case, the conditions such as the material and the manufacturing method other than attaching the fluorescent dye to the surface of the material are the same as those of the fluorescent radioactive net and the fluorescent radioactive sheet prepared from the composition mainly composed of the thermoplastic resin and the fluorescent dye. It is omitted.
  • attachment of fluorescent dye to the surface of the material means that a film made of fluorescent dye is formed by applying a fluorescent dye coating solution on the surface of the material, or dyeing using a dye type fluorescent dye As in the case, it means a state in which a fluorescent dye is attached by surface treatment.
  • those prepared by kneading a pigment with a resin are more preferable in terms of durability than those “attached”.
  • the woven or knitted fabric used in the present invention includes those woven using different materials for the warp and the weft.
  • the two types of materials used for the warp and the weft may contain fluorescent dyes having the same emission wavelength range, or may contain fluorescent dyes having different emission wavelength ranges.
  • fluorescent dyes having different emission wavelength ranges include the same type of fluorescent dyes having the same dye skeleton but different substituents, and different types of fluorescent dyes having different dye skeletons.
  • the fluorescent dye only in one of the materials constituting the warp and the weft and not include the fluorescent dye in the other.
  • Such a method is preferably used to adjust the transmittance of light such as sunlight.
  • ⁇ Preparation of fluorescent radioactive nets A and B> Preparation of a fluorescent radiation net material film
  • the resulting polyester resin manufactured by SK Chemicals, trade name: PET-G, brand: S2008) was prepared.
  • This polyester resin is blended with 0.02% by mass of a perylene-based dye (manufactured by BISF Akchengezelshaft, Inc., trade name: Lumogen F Red300) as a fluorescent dye, and kneaded with a Henschel mixer to obtain a resin composition.
  • a perylene-based dye manufactured by BISF Akchengezelshaft, Inc., trade name: Lumogen F Red300
  • a Henschel mixer to obtain a resin composition.
  • the resin composition obtained by the T-die method (melting temperature 260 ° C.) was formed into a film shape and cooled and solidified at 30 ° C. to prepare a film having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m.
  • the perylene fluorescent dye used absorbs light in the wavelength range of about 520 to about 590 nm (maximum absorption wavelength is 578 nm) and emits fluorescence in the wavelength range of about 600 to about 680 nm (maximum fluorescence wavelength). 613 nm).
  • a film was prepared in the same manner as in (1) above, except that a perylene dye (manufactured by BSF Akchengezelshaft, trade name: Lumogen F Red305) was used as the fluorescent dye.
  • the produced film was slit to a width of 5 mm and then stretched to obtain a flat yarn (containing a fluorescent dye) having a fineness of 600 dt.
  • a 700 dt monofilament (without fluorescent dye) was obtained.
  • a mesh of 2.0 ⁇ 2.0 cm and an area of 1.5 m 2 A fluorescent radioactive net C was prepared.
  • a fluorescent radiation sheet S was prepared. The light transmittance of this fluorescent radiation sheet S was about 85%.
  • the intensity of UV-B and UV-C contained in the xenon lamp after passing through net A is attenuated by 6.7% and 18.5%, respectively, compared with before passing through net A.
  • the fluorescent radioactive net used in the present invention shields UV-B and UV-C, which are harmful ultraviolet rays, and can prevent crop growth inhibition by ultraviolet rays.
  • the cut rates of UV-B and UV-C when the net A was doubled were 13.5% and 29.7%, respectively.
  • Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2> (An outdoor cultivation test of Hatsukadai radish by a combination of a fluorescent radioactive net and a light reflective sheet) Four farms in the Miyagawa Nishiyama area, Chino City, Nagano Prefecture, with approximately 120 cm in the east-west direction and approximately 90 cm in the north-south direction, spaced 140 cm or 200 cm apart (hereinafter referred to as ⁇ A, ⁇ B, ⁇ C, ⁇ D). Prepared and conducted an open-air cultivation test of daikon radish.
  • the cultivation period is 25 days from May 28, 2008 to June 21, 2008, during which the average temperature is 18.0 ° C, the average sunshine duration is 5.9 hours, and the integrated value of incident light is 114 It was 3 kWh / m 2 .
  • the cultivation test was performed by opening 24 holes with a size of about 3 cm ⁇ about 3 cm at intervals of about 18 cm.
  • 24 sheets of white mulching sheets (hereinafter also referred to as “white mulch”) that can be cultivated as light-reflective sheets were laid on the ridges A, B, and D, one by one.
  • the seeds of the radish radish (manufactured by Sakata Seed Co., Brassicaceae genus) were planted in 24 holes of ⁇ A, ⁇ B and ⁇ D laid with white mulch. For the cocoon C without the white mulch, 24 holes were similarly drilled and seeded.
  • a fluorescent radioactive net A (mesh: about 1.5 cm ⁇ 1.5 cm, porosity: about 83%) having a size of about 2 m ⁇ 2 m is prepared, and about three ⁇ A, ⁇ B, and ⁇ C After fixing a total of three semicircular arc-shaped aluminum supports to both ends and the center in the east-west direction, cover A and C with one fluorescent radioactive net A, and 3 The fluorescent radioactive net A was overlapped and covered to form a dome shape having a height of about 1.5 m.
  • the average weight of the radish cultivated using the fluorescent radioactive net and white mulch is higher than that of the radish radish cultivated using only the fluorescent radioactive net and white mulch. It can be seen that there is an increase of 24% and 30%. This is an epoch-making result in the cultivation of Hatsukadai radish.
  • Fluorescent radioactive net B (mesh: about 0.5 cm ⁇ 0.5 cm, porosity: about 40%, also referred to as fluorescent net B), fluorescent radioactive sheet S (also referred to as fluorescent sheet S), and Example 1
  • the same light reflective sheet (also referred to as white mulch) was used.
  • holes of about 3 cm ⁇ about 3 cm were opened at approximately equal intervals in 12 locations of the white mulch or fluorescent sheet S, respectively. Things (shown in Table 2) were prepared. After laying each material on the surface of the soil in each planter, each hole was planted with radish seeds (American, Brassicaceae genus, germination rate of 85% or more).
  • Example 4 seeded planters A, B, C, and D were covered with the materials shown in Table 2 after fixing the aluminum support in the same manner as in Example 1 (Examples 3 and 4). 5, 6).
  • the planter E did not use the covering material (Comparative Example 3).
  • planters F and G do not use materials laid on the surface of the soil, sow the above seeds in 12 locations, fix the aluminum support, and then cover with the materials shown in Table 2 (Comparative Example 4, 5)
  • the planter H was seeded with the above-mentioned seeds in 12 locations without using any material for covering or covering (Comparative Example 6).
  • the planters F, G, and H were seeded with the above-mentioned seeds at the same intervals as the planters in which the material was laid on the soil surface, although the material was not laid on the soil surface.
  • the total weight of the harvested daikon radishes including fruits and leaves was weighed, and the average value was calculated for the top 10 strains with the highest weight. Further, after measuring the actual sugar content of the top 10 strains, the average value of the sugar content is calculated, and the sugar content varies (for the top 10 strains, the actual minimum and maximum sugar content, and the minimum sugar content relative to the maximum sugar content). Ratio) was observed.
  • Sugar content (Refbrix) was measured by the Abbe refractometer method. The results are shown in Table 2. In Table 1, “ ⁇ ” indicates that the material is used, and “x” indicates that the material is not used.
  • Example 3 is a cultivation test performed by combining white mulch and fluorescent net B, but the total weight is increased by 22% compared to the result (comparative example 4) performed with fluorescent net B alone, The same tendency as the result in Example 1 is shown. Moreover, in Example 3, the increase rate with respect to the result (comparative example 3) performed by white mulch alone reaches 29%, and it turns out that the extremely high synergistic effect is acquired by the combination of white mulch and a fluorescence net.
  • Example 4 is a cultivation test performed by combining white mulch and fluorescent sheet S, but compared with the result (Comparative Example 5) performed by fluorescent sheet S alone, the total weight is increased by 18%.
  • Example 5 is a cultivation test performed by combining the fluorescent net B and the fluorescent sheet S.
  • the results of using the fluorescent net B or the fluorescent sheet S alone (Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 5). )
  • the total weight is increased by 25% with respect to the former and 22% with respect to the latter, and the sugar content is increased by 30% or more with respect to Comparative Example 3 or 6, and the fluorescence net It turns out that the synergistic effect by the combination of B and the fluorescent sheet S is acquired.
  • Example 6 is a cultivation test performed by placing the fluorescent sheet S on the planter and covering the crop with the fluorescent sheet S, but compared with the test (Comparative Example 5) performed only by covering the crop with the fluorescent sheet S. It can be seen that the total weight is increased by 27%. From the results described above, according to the cultivation method of the present invention, a product having a large actual weight can be obtained in the same cultivation period, which indicates that early harvesting is possible due to rapid growth.
  • Example 7 Comparative Example 7> (Spinach cultivation experiment (1)) Same as Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 except that daikon radish is replaced with spinach (Takii hybrid) and fluorescent radioactive net B (mesh: about 2.0 cm ⁇ about 2.0 cm, porosity: about 86%) is used. Then, the cultivation test of Example 7 and Comparative Example 7 was conducted. However, in this spinach open field cultivation test (1), only a test using one fluorescent radioactive net was performed, and a test using three sheets was not performed. The cultivation area is Minowa-cho, Nagano, and the cultivation period is 25 days from May 28, 2007 to June 21, 2007, during which the average temperature is 23.0 ° C and the average sunshine duration is 6. For 0 hour, the integrated value of incident light was 154.6 kWh / m 2 .
  • Example 10 and Comparative Example 10> Outdoor cultivation test of tomato for juice
  • a black mulching sheet hereinafter also referred to as “black mulch”
  • a fluorescent radioactive sheet S were sequentially stacked on the entire surface of the cultivation basket, and 50 to 60 cm long. 50 seedlings of tomato for juice were planted in holes opened at intervals.
  • the lycopene content and sugar content (refbrix) of tomatoes for juice harvested in the cultivation tests 1) and 2) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and Abbe refractometry, respectively, except for damaged parts of the tomatoes. The average value was calculated.
  • the tomato harvested on August 16, 2008 has a lycopene content of 7.91 mg / 100 g and a sugar content of 6.1 degrees in the case of 1), whereas it contains lycopene in the case of 2).
  • the amount was 7.42 mg / 100 g, and the sugar content was 5.5 degrees.
  • the tomato harvested on August 18, 2008 is in the case of 1) (Example 10) in the case of 2) while the lycopene content is 7.48 mg / 100 g and the sugar content is 4.7 degrees (Comparative Example 10) had a lycopene content of 6.42 mg / 100 g and a sugar content of 4.5 degrees.
  • the product shipment standard for tomatoes for juice has a lycopene content of 7.00 mg / 100 g or more and a sugar content of 5 degrees or more, and those cultivated according to the present invention sufficiently satisfy this standard.
  • Example 11 and Comparative Example 11> (Watermelon field cultivation test) Select 8 seedlings grown from seeds sown in early March 2008 using a 100m long and 2.0m wide paddy field in Namita Town, Higashi Chikuma District, Nagano Prefecture. ) And 2) The watermelon outdoor cultivation test was conducted. 1) (Example 11) On May 31, 2008, black mulch and fluorescent radioactive sheet S were sequentially stacked on the entire surface of the cocoon, and 8 holes were drilled to plant the seedlings one by one. At the end of June 2008, when the seedlings grew and began to bear fruit, the entire cocoon was covered with a fluorescent radioactive net B. And it was harvested on August 8, 2008. 2) (Comparative example 11) Except not using the fluorescent radioactive sheet S and the fluorescent radioactive net B, it cultivated similarly to 1) and harvested on the same day.
  • the sugar content of watermelon increases by using a combination of the fluorescent radioactive net and the fluorescent radioactive sheet.
  • Example 12 and Comparative Example 12> Example 12 and Comparative Example 12> (Experimental cultivation test of ridge (Kyoho Pione)) Using the 17 oak trees planted in the field of Chikuma City, Nagano Prefecture, the open field cultivation test of the oak as shown in 1) and 2) below was conducted.
  • 1) Example 12
  • 2) (Comparative Example 12) Ten bunches of cocoons attached to the same tree as in 1) were selected at random, and a cultivation test was conducted without using a fluorescent radioactive umbrella-like sheet for the fluorescent radioactive bag-like net.
  • the test 1) according to the present invention shows higher values of mass and brightness than the comparative test 2) (Comparative Example 12), and further the standard deviation value of 1) according to the present invention. Is smaller than 2), it can be seen that there is little variation in the size of the cocoon grains.
  • a product standard for Kyohoan it is required that one bunch has 36 or more berries, but according to 1) (Example 12), even though one berry is large, it can be broken. There are 36 or more fruits with little variation, and it is excellent as a commercial value.
  • Example 14 and Comparative Example 14> (House cultivation test of spinach) A spinach house cultivation test was conducted using two houses with a width of about 8m in the east-west direction, a length of about 34m in the north-south direction, and a height of 3.0m on the farmland in Suwa-gun, Suwa-gun, Nagano.
  • One house C had a fluorescent radioactive sheet S applied to the roof and the wall as an outer wall material (Example 14), and the other house D used an existing vinyl house (Comparative Example 14).
  • Seeds of spinach for summer sowing (manufactured by Sakata Seed) , Variety Brighton) was machined at intervals of about 12 cm.
  • the cultivation period was 34 days from July 1, 2009 to August 3, 2009, during which the average temperature was 22.0 ° C and the average sunshine duration was 6.0 hours.
  • the public inspection organization inspected 230 g of spinach in house C and 240 g of spinach in house D, and analyzed the components contained after washing. The results were as shown in Table 6 (data are converted to values per 100 g of spinach).
  • Example 15 and Comparative Example 15> European house cultivation test
  • a dome-shaped house about 6m in the east-west direction, about 33m in the north-south direction, and about 3m in height was used to conduct a house cultivation test for Vietnamese Kyary.
  • the entire house was covered with a white translucent house vinyl sheet.
  • a substantially rectangular fluorescent radioactive net A of about 10 m ⁇ about 8.5 m is prepared, and about a third of the south side of the house is about 80 cm below the ceiling, with the center in the east-west direction as the apex, Formed an approximately isosceles triangle shape with the base of about 6m in the east-west direction of the house, and installed so that the side of about 10m of this net A was the length part in the north-south direction (here used for cultivation test) Of the house, the part where the fluorescent radioactive net A is installed is called house E, and the other part is called house F).
  • House E Example 15
  • House F Comparative Example 15
  • the fluorescent radioactive net A is installed in an isosceles triangle shape, and the seedlings are irradiated with fluorescence from two directions of the two hypotenuses, so that the growth is promoted.
  • ⁇ Reference Example 1> (Test of UV attenuation effect using fluorescent radioactive net)
  • the ultraviolet attenuation effect of the fluorescent radioactive material used in the present invention was observed as follows. In the incubator, after installing (1) 15 40W daylight fluorescent lamps and (2) 13W 40W daylight fluorescent lamps and 2 black lights as light sources, each seeded with daikon radish The two fluorescent radioactive nets were overlaid and covered. After harvesting, the top 6 strains with the highest total weight of fruits and leaves were selected, and then the average value was calculated, and the sugar content was measured to calculate the average value. The results are as shown in Table 7.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne: une méthode de culture agricole consistant à utiliser un matériau d'émission fluorescent pour activer la photosynthèse d'une culture agricole dont le poids peut être augmenté ou la croissance être accélérée ce qui permet d'obtenir de forts rendements avec peu de variations de la qualité; une méthode de culture agricole consistant à utiliser un matériau d'émission fluorescent augmentant la concentration en sucre ou analogue d'une récolte, et la teneur en lycopène de légumes ou de fruits, tels que la tomate, la pastèque ou le pamplemousse rose; et une méthode de culture agricole consistant à utiliser, en tant que matériau de culture agricole, un réseau d'émissions fluorescentes et une feuille d'émission fluorescente soit seuls, soit associés, ou bien la combinaison d'un matériau réfléchissant la lumière d'un réseau d'émissions fluorescentes et/ou d'une feuille d'émission fluorescente, le matériau en culture étant placé de manière à ce que sous l'effet du rayonnement lumineux, les cultures puissent être irradiées dans de multiples directions par la lumière émise par le réseau d'émissions fluorescentes ou la feuille d'émission fluorescente de façon à promouvoir la photosynthèse.
PCT/JP2009/005397 2008-10-15 2009-10-15 Méthode de culture agricole utilisant un matériau d'émission fluorescent et matériau d'émission utilisé dans la méthode WO2010044270A1 (fr)

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CN2009801356519A CN102149272B (zh) 2008-10-15 2009-10-15 使用荧光发射性材料的农作物栽培方法及其所用的材料

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US11710308B1 (en) 2019-10-10 2023-07-25 Aerofarms, Inc. Seed germination detection method and apparatus
CN111642300A (zh) * 2020-06-28 2020-09-11 陕西省生物农业研究所 一种番茄黄化曲叶病毒防治的新方法

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