WO2010023851A1 - 反射型液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
反射型液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010023851A1 WO2010023851A1 PCT/JP2009/004008 JP2009004008W WO2010023851A1 WO 2010023851 A1 WO2010023851 A1 WO 2010023851A1 JP 2009004008 W JP2009004008 W JP 2009004008W WO 2010023851 A1 WO2010023851 A1 WO 2010023851A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133305—Flexible substrates, e.g. plastics, organic film
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133765—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers without a surface treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reflective liquid crystal display device.
- display modes such as a TN (twisted nematic) mode and an STN (super twisted nematic) mode are used.
- TN twisted nematic
- STN super twisted nematic
- a mode in which display is performed by switching between a scattering state in which light is scattered and a transmission state in which light is transmitted by a voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer (hereinafter, “ Called “scatter-transmission mode”).
- PDLC polymer disperse liquid crystal
- a liquid crystal layer (PDLC layer) using PDLC has a plurality of liquid crystal regions (also referred to as “liquid crystal droplets”) dispersed in a polymer. Each liquid crystal region is formed in a space defined by a polymer wall (hereinafter referred to as “small room”).
- small room a polymer wall
- a voltage is applied to the PDLC layer (when a voltage is applied)
- the alignment of the liquid crystal changes and the difference in refractive index between the liquid crystal and the polymer becomes substantially equal, so that light passes through the PDLC layer.
- the transmitted light is absorbed by the light absorption plate, and a black display is obtained.
- a reflective layer that selectively reflects specific color light may be provided on the back side of the liquid crystal layer.
- a smooth metal plate (mirror) exhibiting a specific color when the PDLC layer is a forward scattering liquid crystal, display can be performed with a specific color and black (specular reflection).
- a metal plate exhibiting a specific color when the PDLC layer is a backscattering liquid crystal, display can be performed in white and a specific color.
- a retroreflective layer may be disposed on the back side of the liquid crystal layer.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a display device (retroreflection liquid crystal display device) in which a retroreflective layer and PDLC are combined.
- a configuration of a conventional display device using PDLC will be described by taking a retroreflective liquid crystal display device as an example.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an active matrix driven retroreflective liquid crystal display device disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- the display device 300 includes a front substrate 110 provided with a color filter 119, a transparent counter electrode 111 and an alignment film 112, a rear substrate 109 disposed so as to face the front substrate 110, and a space between these substrates 110, 109. And a liquid crystal layer (PDLC layer) 113 provided on the substrate.
- PDLC layer liquid crystal layer
- a plurality of switching elements (TFTs) 101 are provided on the back substrate 109, and an insulating layer 102 having a surface shape showing retroreflectivity, a plurality of reflective electrodes 105, and an alignment film 118 are formed thereon.
- TFTs switching elements
- the reflective electrode 105 is formed on the insulating layer 102 and has irregularities reflecting the surface shape of the insulating layer 102.
- the plurality of reflective electrodes 105 are arranged so as to be separated from each other for each pixel as a unit of image display.
- Each reflective electrode 105 is connected to the drain electrode of the corresponding switching element 101 through a contact hole formed in the insulating layer 102.
- the alignment film 118 is formed on the insulating layer 102 and the reflective electrode 105 and has irregularities reflecting the surface shape of the insulating layer 102.
- the liquid crystal layer 113 is transmitted through light and scattered (scattered forward and backward). Can be switched between.
- the liquid crystal layer 113 is controlled to be in a transmissive state, light from the light source outside the display device and surrounding light passes through the front substrate 110 and the liquid crystal layer 113 and is then reflected by the reflective electrode 105 in the direction in which the light is incident. .
- a “black” display state is obtained.
- the liquid crystal layer 113 when the liquid crystal layer 113 is controlled to be in a scattering state, light from the light source and the surroundings enters the liquid crystal layer 113 from the front substrate 110 side and is scattered by the liquid crystal layer 113.
- the liquid crystal layer 113 is a forward scattering liquid crystal layer
- the scattered light is reflected by the reflective electrode 105 and is further emitted toward the viewer through the scattered liquid crystal layer 113. Since the reflexivity of the reflective electrode 105 is lost due to scattering by the liquid crystal layer 113, the incident light does not return to the incident direction. Therefore, a “white” display state is obtained.
- the display device 300 illustrated in FIG. 11 includes the retroreflective layer and the reflective electrode 105 functioning as a pixel electrode, but the retroreflective layer may be provided separately from the pixel electrode.
- the retroreflective layer may be disposed between the pixel electrode and the back substrate 109, or may be disposed on the back side of the back substrate 109.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device using the scattering-transmission mode such as the display device 300, has a problem that the display contrast is lower than that of the display device using other display modes.
- the liquid crystal layer 113 In order to make the white display of the display device 300 brighter, it is necessary to thicken the liquid crystal layer 113 and more reliably scatter light incident on the liquid crystal layer 113. However, when the liquid crystal layer 113 is thickened, it is necessary to apply a higher voltage to the liquid crystal layer 113 when the liquid crystal layer 113 is switched to the transmission state. If the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 113 is insufficient, the light transmittance of the liquid crystal layer 113 is lowered, and a high-quality black display cannot be obtained.
- Patent Documents 2 to 4 disclose methods for improving display contrast by controlling a liquid crystal director in a guest-host mode liquid crystal display device using a PDLC in which a dichroic dye is contained in the liquid crystal. Yes.
- the shape of the liquid crystal region is expanded and flattened in the in-plane direction of the substrate, so that the director of the liquid crystal molecules when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer is controlled to face in the direction parallel to the substrate. is doing.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose a method in which a liquid crystal layer is mechanically pressed to make a liquid crystal droplet flat in a direction parallel to the substrate.
- Patent Document 4 describes a method of applying a shear stress parallel to the substrate when forming the liquid crystal layer, and a method of hardening only the surface layer portion of the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal directors in the liquid crystal region are oriented in a random direction when no voltage is applied, and when a voltage is applied, these liquid crystal directors are oriented in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.
- the liquid crystal director when no voltage is applied can be controlled to face in the direction parallel to the substrate, the light absorption when the voltage is applied (the liquid crystal director is perpendicular to the substrate). The difference can be expanded. As a result, the display contrast can be improved as compared with the conventional case.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a scattering state of a liquid crystal layer in a reflective liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal layer that can be switched between a scattering state and a transmission state. It is to realize brighter white display than before by improving the scattering efficiency in. Alternatively, the drive voltage is kept low while maintaining the brightness of white display.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device having a plurality of pixels, wherein the liquid crystal layer can be switched between a transmissive state that transmits light and a scattered state that scatters light, A front substrate and a rear substrate holding a liquid crystal layer therebetween, a pair of electrodes disposed between the liquid crystal layer and applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer, and between the liquid crystal layer and the front substrate and the rear substrate
- the liquid crystal layer includes a continuous wall and a plurality of small rooms separated by the wall, and the liquid crystal layer includes a first alignment layer and a second alignment film, respectively.
- first and second liquid crystal regions Irekuta are oriented in different directions.
- each of the plurality of liquid crystal regions is in contact with one of the first and second alignment films.
- the first and second alignment films are not subjected to alignment treatment.
- the surface free energy of the first and second alignment films is 44 mJ / m 2 or more 50 mJ / m 2 or less.
- the liquid crystal layer may have small chambers at a density of 0.016 / ⁇ m 2 or more in each pixel. Or you may have a small room in the density of 1 piece / micrometer ⁇ 2 > or more in each pixel.
- the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer is preferably positive.
- the liquid crystal region does not contain a chiral agent.
- the diameter of the plurality of small rooms is preferably 0.6 ⁇ m or more and 6 ⁇ m or less.
- the difference between the extraordinary refractive index ne and the ordinary refractive index no of the liquid crystal material included in the liquid crystal region is preferably 0.1 or more and 0.3 or less.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device further includes a reflective layer provided on the back side of the liquid crystal layer.
- the reflective layer may be a retroreflective layer.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device further includes a light absorption layer provided on the back side of the liquid crystal layer.
- the scattering of the liquid crystal layer in the scattering state without increasing the orientation dependency of the viewing angle characteristics Efficiency can be improved. Therefore, since the brightness of white display can be improved, the contrast ratio of display can be improved. Alternatively, by reducing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, the driving voltage can be kept low while maintaining the brightness of white display.
- the liquid crystal region is formed at a higher density in the liquid crystal layer as compared with the conventional method of controlling the director by the shape of the liquid crystal region (the shape of the small chamber). Can be placed. As a result, the scattering characteristics of the liquid crystal layer can be improved more effectively.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device as described above can be manufactured by a simple method without complicating the manufacturing process.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line Ib-Ib ′ of the liquid crystal display device.
- A) And (b) is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the display principle of the liquid crystal display device of embodiment by this invention, (a) and (b) are each when a voltage is not applied to a liquid-crystal layer. It is sectional drawing which illustrates the orientation of the liquid crystal molecule in a liquid-crystal area
- (A) And (b) is typical sectional drawing which shows an example of the orientation state of the liquid crystal molecule at the time of a voltage no application and a voltage application, respectively, in the display apparatus of this embodiment.
- (A) And (b) is typical sectional drawing which shows an example of the orientation state of the liquid crystal molecule at the time of a voltage no application and a voltage application, respectively in the conventional display apparatus. In the display apparatus of this embodiment, it is typical sectional drawing which shows the other example of the orientation state of the liquid crystal molecule at the time of no voltage application.
- Sample liquid crystal cell No. 1 using alignment film A It is a figure which shows the cross-sectional SEM image of 1 liquid crystal layer.
- Sample liquid crystal cell No. 1 using alignment film B It is a figure which shows the cross-sectional SEM image of 2 liquid crystal layers.
- Sample liquid crystal cell No. 5 using alignment film 5 and alignment film B 6 is a graph showing the results of measuring the scattering characteristics when voltage 6 is not applied (white display state).
- Sample liquid crystal cell No. 7 using alignment film 7 and alignment film B. 8 is a graph showing a result of measuring a relationship between an applied voltage of 8 and a transmittance. It is typical sectional drawing of the other display apparatus of this embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the conventional display apparatus using PDLC.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes at least two liquid crystal regions having a director in a plane parallel to the liquid crystal layer in one pixel, and the directors of these liquid crystal regions face different directions. It is characterized by that.
- the director of the liquid crystal region is in a plane parallel to the liquid crystal layer, in the scattering state (white display), the difference in refractive index from the wall separating the liquid crystal regions can be maximized, resulting in a brighter display. realizable.
- the liquid crystal layer can be made thin while maintaining display brightness, and as a result, the driving voltage can be kept low.
- the directors of the plurality of liquid crystal regions are directed in different directions within the plane, the orientation dependency of the scattering direction is reduced, and the orientation dependency of the viewing angle in the scattering state (white display) can be reduced.
- the above-described configuration can be realized by adjusting the surface energy of the alignment film provided on the front substrate side and the rear substrate side of the liquid crystal layer. Therefore, it can be manufactured by a simpler process than the method of mechanically flattening the liquid crystal region as in Patent Documents 1 to 3.
- the in-plane size of the liquid crystal region (the size viewed from the normal direction of the substrate) is increased, and the liquid crystal region has a high density in the surface. The area cannot be placed.
- the director of the liquid crystal region is controlled using the alignment film, the in-plane size of the liquid crystal region can be reduced. As a result, the density of the in-plane liquid crystal region can be increased, and the scattering efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, since the director of the liquid crystal region can be controlled without greatly flattening the shape of the liquid crystal region, the orientation dependency of the viewing angle characteristic can be reduced.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram for explaining the configuration of the liquid crystal layer when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer (when no voltage is applied), and shows a cross section parallel to the substrate.
- 2A and 2B are schematic views illustrating the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal region when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer (when no voltage is applied) and when a voltage is applied (when a voltage is applied).
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram for explaining the configuration of the liquid crystal layer when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer (when no voltage is applied), and shows a cross section parallel to the substrate.
- 2A and 2B are schematic views illustrating the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal region when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer (when no voltage is applied) and
- the liquid crystal display device 100 includes a front substrate 3, a rear substrate 2 disposed so as to face the front substrate 3, a liquid crystal layer 1 provided between the substrates 2 and 3, and the rear side of the rear substrate 2. And a retroreflective layer 16 disposed on the surface.
- the retroreflection layer 16 has, for example, a corner cube array shape.
- a plurality of switching elements (herein, thin film transistors) 5, a plurality of transparent pixel electrodes 4, and an alignment film 12 are formed in this order on the surface of the rear substrate 2 on the liquid crystal layer side.
- the alignment film 12 in this embodiment is a horizontal alignment film and is in contact with the surface on the back side of the liquid crystal layer 1.
- the plurality of pixel electrodes 4 are spaced apart from each other and define a pixel that is a unit of image display. In the present embodiment, these pixel electrodes 4 are arranged in a matrix and are electrically connected to the source electrodes (not shown) of the corresponding thin film transistors 5.
- a color filter 6 such as R (red), G (green), and B (blue) disposed so as to correspond to the pixel electrode 4 and a color filter 6 are provided.
- a flattening film 7 for covering and flattening, a transparent counter electrode 8, and an alignment film 13 are formed in this order, and the alignment film 13 is in contact with the front surface of the liquid crystal layer 1. Similar to the alignment film 12, the alignment film 13 in the present embodiment is also a horizontal alignment film. The alignment films 12 and 13 are not subjected to an alignment process such as a rubbing process.
- the liquid crystal layer 1 is divided into a plurality of small rooms 14 by a wall 10.
- a liquid crystal region 11 is formed in each small chamber 14.
- the wall 10 is made of, for example, a polymer.
- the wall 10 and the alignment films 12 and 13 surround the space that becomes the small room 14, but only the wall 10 may surround the space that becomes the small room 14.
- the wall 10 is continuous.
- the liquid crystal region 11 in these small chambers 14 has a director 20 in a plane parallel to the liquid crystal layer 1.
- the directors 20 of the liquid crystal region 11 are each directed in a random direction within the plane.
- all the liquid crystal regions 11 have directors 20 that face in a random direction in the plane.
- the liquid crystal regions 11 have the directors 20 in the plane and the directions are mutually different. It is only necessary that at least two different liquid crystal regions 11 are arranged in one pixel.
- FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) the display principle of the liquid crystal display device 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b).
- components other than the alignment films 12 and 13 among the components provided on the substrates 2 and 3 are omitted.
- the liquid crystal molecules 22 in the liquid crystal region 11 when no voltage is applied, some of the liquid crystal molecules 22 in the liquid crystal region 11 are aligned in parallel under the influence of the alignment films 12 and 13. Further, another part of the liquid crystal molecules 22 in the liquid crystal region 11 is tilted by the influence of the wall 10. However, the liquid crystal molecules 22 in the liquid crystal region 11 try to align substantially uniformly in a plane parallel to the substrate surface so that no disclination occurs in the liquid crystal region 11. As a result, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 22 in the liquid crystal region 11 is continuous, and the liquid crystal molecules 22 in the liquid crystal region 11 form a mono domain whose alignment direction is represented by one director 20.
- the liquid crystal molecules 22 in the liquid crystal region 11 are aligned along a line from one pole to the other, with both ends of the liquid crystal region 11 being “poles”. Therefore, the orientation vector (director) 20 of the liquid crystal region 11 is parallel to a line connecting the poles at both ends of the liquid crystal region 11 in a plane parallel to the substrates 2 and 3.
- the refractive index of the liquid crystal region 11 at this time varies depending on the angle between the director 20 of the liquid crystal region 11 and the polarization direction of the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 1 between the ordinary light refractive index no and the extraordinary light refractive index ne.
- the refractive index can be taken. Therefore, most of the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 1 from the vertical direction can be scattered (scattering state).
- the light 24 When light 24 is incident on the liquid crystal layer 1 in this state from the viewer side (front surface side of the front substrate 3), the light 24 is scattered mainly at the interface between the liquid crystal region 11 and the wall 10 and emitted to the viewer side. Thus, a white display state can be obtained.
- the light 24 is not only scattered at the interface, but is also scattered by fluctuations in the orientation of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal region 11.
- the illustrated light 24 is backscattered by the liquid crystal layer 1, it may be forward scattered, reflected by the retroreflective layer 16, and forward scattered again before being emitted to the viewer side.
- the director 20 in the liquid crystal region 11 is aligned perpendicularly to the substrates 2 and 3.
- the refractive index of the liquid crystal region 11 is substantially equal to the ordinary light refractive index no of the liquid crystal material.
- the normal light refractive index no of the liquid crystal material and the refractive index np of the polymer constituting the wall 10 are designed to be approximately the same (no ⁇ np), and the liquid crystal layer 1 is in a transmissive state. Become.
- the light 26 When the light 26 is incident on the liquid crystal layer 1 in the transmissive state from the observer side, the light 26 passes through the liquid crystal layer 1 and is reflected in the incident direction of the light 26 by the retroreflective layer 16 to be in a black display state. .
- the liquid crystal region 11 shown in the figure has a bipolar alignment having two poles
- the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal region 11 in this embodiment is aligned so as to have a director in the plane. What is necessary is not limited to bipolar alignment.
- FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) are schematic cross-sectional views of the liquid crystal layer in the present embodiment, and show the orientation of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer when no voltage is applied and when a voltage is applied, respectively.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic cross-sectional views of a conventional liquid crystal layer (for example, the liquid crystal layer disclosed in Patent Document 1), in the liquid crystal layer when no voltage is applied and when a voltage is applied, respectively. The orientation of liquid crystal molecules is shown.
- the same components as those in FIGS. 1 and 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- each liquid crystal region 11 has a director in the plane under the regulation of the alignment films 12 and 13 when no voltage is applied. For this reason, the refractive index difference between the liquid crystal region 11 and the wall 10 increases. Therefore, the scattering intensity of the liquid crystal layer 1 is increased, and a bright white display is obtained.
- the alignment films 12 and 13 are not subjected to an alignment process such as a rubbing process, the director of each liquid crystal region 11 faces in a random direction in the plane (see FIG. 1B). Accordingly, the orientation dependency of the scattering characteristics can be reduced, and the viewing angle characteristics can be improved.
- the liquid crystal region 11 is substantially surrounded by the wall 10 and is not in direct contact with the alignment films 12 and 13. For this reason, the director of the liquid crystal region 11 is not regulated by the alignment films 12 and 13 and is directed in a random direction.
- the director of each liquid crystal region 11 is mainly determined by the shape of the small room 14. Among these, a part of the liquid crystal region 11 a has a director substantially parallel to the substrates 2 and 3 and can have high scattering characteristics.
- the other liquid crystal region 11 b has a director inclined with respect to the normal line of the substrates 2 and 3, the refractive index difference between the liquid crystal region 11 b and the wall 10 is different between the liquid crystal region 11 a and the wall 10. It becomes smaller than the refractive index difference. Therefore, although the liquid crystal region 11b can scatter light, its scattering characteristic is lower than that of the liquid crystal region 11a. Further, the liquid crystal region 11c has a director substantially perpendicular to the substrates 2 and 3, and does not contribute to scattering.
- the director of the liquid crystal region 11 is randomly oriented without being affected by the alignment films 12 and 13, and the liquid crystal region 11c that does not contribute to scattering and the liquid crystal region 11b with low scattering characteristics are provided. Since there are many, the scattering intensity is significantly lower than that of the liquid crystal layer 1 of the present embodiment.
- the liquid crystal layer 1 of the present embodiment when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 1, the liquid crystal layer 1 of the present embodiment is also a director of the liquid crystal region 11 as in the conventional liquid crystal layer 1. Are oriented in the normal direction of the substrates 2 and 3. Therefore, if the liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer 1 and the polymer material of the wall 10 are the same, it is considered that the light transmittance at the time of voltage application in the present embodiment and the conventional case is substantially equal.
- the brightness of the black display is maintained at the same level as that of the prior art, and a brighter white display than that of the prior art can be realized, so that the display contrast can be improved.
- the liquid crystal layer can be made thin while maintaining the brightness of white display, so that it can be driven at a lower voltage.
- the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in each liquid crystal region 11 is uniform, and no disclination exists in the liquid crystal region 11. Therefore, for example, the liquid crystal molecules operate more in comparison with the case of using liquid crystal droplets having a radial orientation (disclination is formed at the approximate center of the liquid crystal droplets) described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-303869. Since it is fast, the response characteristics when a voltage is applied can be improved.
- the liquid crystal director when no voltage is applied is controlled using the surface energy of the alignment films 12 and 13, as in the methods disclosed in Patent Documents 2 to 4. It is not necessary to apply pressure to the liquid crystal layer. Therefore, it is advantageous also in terms of manufacturing process and manufacturing cost.
- the director of the liquid crystal region 11 in each small room 14 is affected by the regulation force by the alignment films 12 and 13 and the structure (shape) of the small room 14.
- the alignment films 12 and 13 are preferably not subjected to an alignment process such as a rubbing process. If the alignment films 12 and 13 are not rubbed, the plurality of liquid crystal regions 11 in the pixel are not aligned in a specific direction (such as the rubbing direction), so the alignment direction is random.
- each of the liquid crystal regions 11 has the orientation dependency of the scattering characteristics caused by the director, but there are a plurality of liquid crystal regions 11 having random directors in one pixel. For this reason, the orientation dependency of the scattering characteristics is averaged, and the viewing angle characteristics can be improved.
- a plurality of liquid crystal regions 11 that are randomly aligned in the plane under the influence of the alignment films 12 and 13 are provided in one pixel, and some of the liquid crystal regions have a radial alignment. Or it may have disclinations inside the liquid crystal region.
- liquid crystal regions 11 out of the liquid crystal regions 11 formed in one pixel have one of the alignment films 12 and 13 or It is preferable to contact both. As a result, the directors of these liquid crystal regions 11 can be more reliably aligned in a direction substantially parallel to the substrate. It is particularly preferable that all the liquid crystal regions 11 in the liquid crystal layer 1 are in contact with any one of the alignment films 12 and 13.
- an extremely thin film for example, 10 nm or less
- the small chambers 14 are preferably arranged in one or two layers in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 1.
- the liquid crystal region 11 positioned between the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer is not affected by the alignment films 12 and 13.
- the liquid crystal region 11 is not regarded as a mono domain having a director in the plane. If the liquid crystal layer 1 contains many such liquid crystal regions 11, there is a risk that the scattering characteristics will deteriorate. In addition, disclination is likely to occur in the liquid crystal region 11, and the operation of the liquid crystal molecules becomes dull and the response speed may decrease.
- the small chambers 14 are arranged in two or less layers in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 1, almost all the liquid crystal regions 11 in one pixel can be formed in contact with the alignment films 12 and 13. It becomes possible, and the improvement effect of the response speed by this invention can be heightened more. Furthermore, since the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 1 can be kept small, the driving voltage can be further reduced.
- the small chambers 14 can be arranged in two layers in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 1 (hereinafter also referred to as “two-layer structure”).
- the director orientations of the upper liquid crystal region 11 and the lower liquid crystal region 11 are different from each other. 1 can be reliably scattered by any liquid crystal region 11. For this reason, the scattering intensity can be increased as compared with the liquid crystal layer 1 having a single-layer structure.
- liquid crystal layer 1 having a single-layer structure
- light incident on the liquid crystal layer 1 can be scattered not only by the interface between the liquid crystal region 11 and the wall 10 but also by fluctuations of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal region 11. Sufficient scattering intensity can be obtained.
- the small chambers 14 are arranged in a single layer in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 1 (one-layer structure) means that the plurality of small chambers 14 are arranged between the alignment films 12 and 13. Means that there are no other small rooms. Further, the small chambers 14 are arranged in two layers in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 1 (two-layer structure) means that each of the plurality of small chambers 14 and the small chambers 14 among the alignment films 12 and 13 are arranged. This means that no other small room exists between the closest alignment films.
- a preferred range of the surface free energy will vary depending on the material of the liquid crystal layer 1 is for example 44 mJ / m 2 or more 50 mJ / m 2 or less.
- the density of the small chambers 14 arranged in one pixel is preferably 0.016 / ⁇ m 2 or more, more preferably 1 / ⁇ m 2 or more. It is. This is because as the density of the small chambers 14 increases, the scattering intensity of the liquid crystal layer 1 increases and a brighter white display can be realized. On the other hand, when the number of small chambers 14 is too large, each small chamber 14 becomes small, and the liquid crystal region 11 that does not contact the alignment films 12 and 13 is likely to be generated. In addition, the movement of the liquid crystal molecules 22 becomes dull due to the interaction between the wall 10 of the small chamber 14 and the liquid crystal molecules 22, and the response speed may be reduced.
- the density of the small chambers 14 in each layer is preferably 0.016 / ⁇ m 2 or more.
- the density of the small chambers 14 in each pixel of the liquid crystal layer 1 is 0.032 / ⁇ m 2 or more.
- the average value of the lengths H of the small chambers 14 in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 1 is preferably 1/3 or more of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 1. More preferably, it is 1/2 or more.
- the average height H AVE of the small chambers 14 is less than 1 ⁇ 2 of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 1, the liquid crystal region 11 that is not affected by the alignment films 12 and 13 is formed at the center in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 1. It becomes easier to form. In such a liquid crystal region 11, the liquid crystal molecules 22 are aligned along the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 1, and the director 20 does not exist in the plane. Therefore, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 22 when no voltage is applied is controlled. This is because it becomes difficult.
- the average value of the maximum width W of the small chamber 14 in the plane of the liquid crystal layer 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as “average width W AVE ”) is preferably about the same as the average height H AVE .
- the average height H AVE of the small rooms 14 is appropriately selected within a range of 0.6 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m, for example, and the average width W AVE is also appropriately selected within a range of 0.6 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m, for example. . The reason for this will be described below.
- the number of small rooms 14 arranged per unit area (for example, per pixel) of the display area decreases. For this reason, the density of the liquid crystal regions 11 (the number density of the liquid crystal regions 11 existing per unit area of the display region) becomes low, and high scattering characteristics cannot be obtained.
- disclination in which the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 22 becomes discontinuous easily occurs in the liquid crystal region 11 in each small chamber 14. In the vicinity of the disclination in the liquid crystal region 11, the driving of the liquid crystal molecules 22 becomes dull, and the response speed may be reduced.
- the density of the liquid crystal region 11 can be secured and the occurrence of disclination in the liquid crystal region 11 can be effectively suppressed.
- both the average height H AVE and the average width W AVE of the small rooms 14 are 0.6 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 1 is not particularly limited, and is appropriately selected according to, for example, the reflectance of the retroreflective layer 16 and the driving voltage.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 1 is designed to be about 4 ⁇ m.
- the material of the liquid crystal layer 1 is not particularly limited, but the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer 1 is preferably positive.
- the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is negative, the liquid crystal molecules must fall down so that they are parallel to the substrate when the voltage is turned on, but the direction of the fall cannot be regulated, and the molecules in the liquid crystal droplets This is because it is likely to be disturbed from uniform alignment, and disclination may occur in the liquid crystal region or the movement of liquid crystal molecules may be hindered.
- the liquid crystal layer preferably does not contain a chiral agent.
- the birefringence ⁇ n difference between the extraordinary refractive index ne and the ordinary refractive index no
- the birefringence ⁇ n is 0.1 or more, the display contrast can be increased.
- it is 0.3 or less, there are many choices in terms of materials, and it is possible to reduce the voltage and increase the speed.
- the liquid crystal layer 1 in the present embodiment is, for example, a mixture of a nematic liquid crystal material (that is, a low molecular liquid crystal composition) and a photocurable resin (monomer and / or oligomer), which is disposed between transparent substrates, and then photocured. It is obtained by polymerizing a functional resin.
- a photocurable resin is not specifically limited, Preferably an ultraviolet curable resin is used. When an ultraviolet curable resin is used, there is no need to heat the mixture when polymerization is performed, so that adverse effects due to heat on other members can be prevented.
- Monomers and oligomers may be monofunctional or polyfunctional.
- the liquid crystal layer 1 is formed by photocuring a mixture (liquid crystal mixture) of an ultraviolet curable resin exhibiting liquid crystallinity and a liquid crystal composition by irradiation with an actinic ray such as ultraviolet rays.
- a liquid crystal mixture for example, a liquid crystal mixture showing a nematic liquid crystal phase at room temperature obtained by mixing an ultraviolet curable material and liquid crystal at a weight ratio of 20:80 and adding a small amount of a photoinitiator is used. Can do.
- the liquid crystal mixture is held between a pair of substrates by, for example, a vacuum injection method or a drop injection (ODF: One Drop Fill) method, and then irradiated with ultraviolet rays.
- ODF One Drop Fill
- the ultraviolet curable prepolymer is polymerized to become a polymer and phase-separated from the liquid crystal, and a liquid crystal layer having a wall made of the polymer and a plurality of liquid crystal regions separated by the wall is formed.
- the configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is not limited to the configuration of the liquid crystal display device 100 shown in FIG.
- a reflective layer having a good contrast with white may be provided, or a light absorbing layer may be provided.
- a reflective layer such as a retroreflective layer may be formed between the back substrate 2 and the alignment film 12. In this case, the reflective layer may be separated for each pixel to function as a pixel electrode.
- the reflective layer When a reflective layer having a flat surface is used, the reflective layer is preferably formed between the back substrate 2 and the alignment film 12. On the other hand, when a reflective layer having irregularities such as a corner cube array is used, it is preferably disposed on the back side of the back substrate 2. In addition, although the reflective layer which has an unevenness
- the liquid crystal display device in this embodiment can be manufactured by the following method, for example.
- a method for forming a liquid crystal layer using a vacuum injection method will be described as an example.
- the glass substrate (rear substrate) on which the thin film transistor and the pixel electrode are formed and the surface of the glass substrate (front substrate) on which the color filter and the counter electrode are formed are respectively aligned using a spin coat method or an inkjet method.
- a film is uniformly applied and fired at a predetermined temperature.
- the alignment film is not rubbed.
- a horizontal alignment film having a surface free energy of 47 mJ / m 2 measured by a method described later is used as the alignment film.
- a photocurable monomer, a photopolymerization initiator, and a positive type liquid crystal are mixed uniformly to prepare a liquid crystal mixture.
- the temperature at the time of mixing is set to a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature T ni at which the liquid crystal mixture transitions to the nematic phase.
- the composition ratio of the liquid crystal is 80 to 85%.
- the resulting mixture is held at a temperature above the transition temperature Tni .
- the front substrate and the back substrate are opposed to each other with the alignment film inside, and are bonded together via a spacer for ensuring a certain gap.
- These substrates are held at a transition temperature Tni or higher, and the gap is filled with a liquid crystal mixture held at a temperature higher than the transition temperature Tni (vacuum injection method). Thereafter, at a temperature equal to or higher than the transition temperature T ni , the mixture is irradiated with light (ultraviolet rays) to form a polymer from the monomers in the mixture, and at the same time, the polymer and the liquid crystal are phase-separated. Thereby, a liquid crystal layer is formed between the front substrate and the rear substrate. In this way, a liquid crystal display device is obtained.
- the vacuum injection method is used when forming the liquid crystal layer, but the ODF method may be used instead.
- a method for forming the liquid crystal layer in that case will be described below.
- an alignment film and a liquid crystal mixture are formed in the same manner as in the case of using the vacuum injection method.
- the orientation film on the rear substrate or the front substrate held at a temperature not less than transition temperature T ni, dropping the liquid crystal mixture of a predetermined amount held by the temperature not less than transition temperature T ni. Thereafter, the other substrate is bonded to the substrate onto which the mixture has been dropped through a spacer.
- a retroreflector such as a corner cube array is installed on the back side of the back substrate. In this way, the display device of this embodiment is obtained.
- the structure of the liquid crystal layer such as the size, shape, and arrangement of the liquid crystal region can be controlled by the type of alignment film and the formation conditions of the liquid crystal layer.
- the size of the liquid crystal region can be adjusted by the light irradiation conditions for the liquid crystal mixture, and the arrangement of the liquid crystal region in the liquid crystal layer can be adjusted by the type of the alignment film.
- the size of the liquid crystal region can be adjusted according to the light irradiation conditions for the liquid crystal mixture.
- the inventors of the present application have examined the relationship between the light irradiation condition and the size of the liquid crystal region, and the method and result will be described below.
- an ITO film and an alignment film are formed in this order on the surfaces of two glass substrates, and a liquid crystal mixture is injected between these glass substrates by a vacuum injection method.
- the method for forming the alignment film and the material / mixing ratio of the liquid crystal mixture are the same as those described above.
- the liquid crystal mixture between the glass substrates is irradiated with light to cause polymerization phase separation to form a liquid crystal layer.
- the irradiation intensity is selected from the range of 2 mW / cm 2 to 140 mW / cm 2 . In this way, a plurality of liquid crystal cells (referred to as “sample liquid crystal cells”) having different irradiation intensities are produced.
- the light which passed the filter etc. which cut the wavelength of 340 nm or less is utilized as irradiation light at the time of producing a sample liquid crystal cell. This is because when light having a wavelength of 340 nm or less is irradiated, problems such as decomposition of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal mixture occur.
- the light irradiation time is set to a time sufficient for the monomers contained in the liquid crystal mixture to be polymerized.
- the irradiation time is set with reference to the extent that T ni of the liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal region is 99% or more of T ni ′ of the liquid crystal contained in the liquid crystal mixture as a raw material.
- the irradiation time when the irradiation intensity is 50 mW / cm 2 is 50 sec.
- the size of the small room in each sample liquid crystal cell is determined by SEM observation. Specifically, the sample liquid crystal cell is cut and the liquid crystal in the small room is washed away with an organic solvent. Next, the front substrate is peeled off from the sample liquid crystal cell, and after a thin conductive film is formed by sputtering, a small chamber in the liquid crystal layer is observed from above. Here, the maximum width of a plurality of (for example, 100) small rooms located in one pixel is measured, and an average value (average width) W AVE is obtained.
- the obtained SEM observation results were first compared with the results obtained by observing each sample liquid crystal cell before decomposition with an optical microscope. As a result, it was confirmed that the shape and arrangement of the small chambers observed with the SEM coincided with the shape and arrangement of the liquid crystal regions in each sample liquid crystal cell before decomposition. Therefore, it is considered that the average width W AVE of the small room obtained by SEM observation is equal to the average width of the liquid crystal region formed in the small room.
- Table 1 shows the relationship between the average width W AVE of the small chambers obtained by SEM observation (that is, the average width of the liquid crystal region) and the intensity of light applied to the liquid crystal mixture. From the results shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the liquid crystal region increases when the light irradiation intensity is small, and the liquid crystal region decreases as the irradiation intensity increases, and it was confirmed that the size of the liquid crystal region can be controlled by the irradiation intensity. It was also found that the irradiation intensity should be set to 50 mW / cm 2 or more in order to control the average width of the liquid crystal region to about 2 ⁇ m or less. The numerical range of the irradiation intensity varies depending on the material and mixing ratio of the liquid crystal mixture used.
- the average width of the liquid crystal region was obtained, but the average height of the liquid crystal region should be controlled according to the irradiation conditions within the range of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer (for example, 4 ⁇ m) in the same manner as the average width of the liquid crystal region. Can do.
- the average height of the liquid crystal region is determined by the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, so that it depends on the irradiation conditions. It becomes constant.
- the small chambers 14 are arranged in two or less layers in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 1, and the liquid crystal regions 11 in almost all the small chambers 14 are arranged.
- the alignment is preferably regulated by the alignment films 12 and 13.
- the inventors of the present application control the characteristics (surface free energy) of the alignment films 12 and 13. I got the knowledge. Below, the examination method of the manufacturing conditions of a liquid crystal cell and a result are demonstrated in detail.
- alignment films four types of horizontal alignment films (hereinafter simply referred to as “alignment films”) A to D having different surface free energies are used.
- the alignment film A (AL1T1048: trade name manufactured by JSR) is an alignment film generally used in a liquid crystal display device using TFTs, and the alignment film A has a higher voltage holding ratio than the alignment film B.
- the alignment film B (Plx1400: trade name manufactured by Hitachi Chemical DuPont Microsystems) is a horizontal alignment film used in a commercially available horizontal alignment standard cell.
- Alignment films C (AL1L509: trade name manufactured by JSR) and D are alignment films generally used for liquid crystal display devices in STN (Super Twisted Nematic) mode and IPS (In-Plane-Switching) mode, respectively. It is.
- the surface free energy of four types of alignment films is measured.
- an average contact angle of the probe liquid is obtained by a droplet method using a solid-liquid interface analyzer (DropMaster 500) manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd. Water, ethylene glycol, or diiodomethane is used as the probe liquid.
- the surface free energies of these probe liquids are 72.8 mJ / m 2 , 47.7 mJ / m 2 and 50.8 mJ / m 2 , respectively.
- about 30 ⁇ l of the probe liquid is dropped on each alignment film surface, and the contact angle is measured.
- An average value of the contact angles measured 10 times is calculated to obtain an “average contact angle” for each probe liquid.
- the surface free energy of the alignment film is obtained by performing analysis by the Kitazaki-Hata method using the FAMAS surface free energy analysis add-in software, which is attached software.
- the contact angles of water, ethylene glycol, and diiodomethane droplets were 76.6 °, 45.5 °, and 26.6 °, respectively.
- the surface free energy of this alignment film was 47 ⁇ 2.2 mJ / m 2 .
- the surface free energy of the alignment film A, C and D, respectively was 41mJ / m 2, 54mJ / m 2, 65mJ / m 2.
- a sample liquid crystal cell is produced using each of the alignment films A to D.
- an alignment film is formed on the surfaces of two glass substrates, and a liquid crystal mixture is injected between these glass substrates by a vacuum injection method.
- the method for forming the alignment film and the material / mixing ratio of the liquid crystal mixture are the same as those described above.
- the liquid crystal mixture between the glass substrates is irradiated with light (ultraviolet rays) at an intensity of 50 mW / cm 2 to separate the polymerization phase to form a liquid crystal layer.
- the sample liquid crystal cell No. 1 using the alignment films A to D was obtained. 1-No. Get 4.
- Each sample liquid crystal cell No. obtained 1-No. After cutting 4 and washing the liquid crystal in the small chamber with an organic solvent, a thin conductive film is deposited on the cross section to be observed by the sputtering method, and cross-sectional SEM observation is performed. Further, one glass substrate of the sample liquid crystal cell is peeled off, and planar SEM observation is performed from above the liquid crystal layer. By observing the cross section and the plane SEM, it is possible to observe the arrangement state of the small rooms defined by the polymer walls.
- FIG. 6 and 7 show sample liquid crystal cell Nos. 1 and 2 using alignment films A and B, respectively. 1 and no. It is a figure which shows the cross-sectional SEM image of 2.
- FIG. 6 shows sample liquid crystal cell Nos. 1 and 2 using alignment films A and B, respectively. 1 and no. It is a figure which shows the cross-sectional SEM image of 2.
- Sample liquid crystal cell No. 1 and no. 2 a liquid crystal layer is formed between the glass substrates 2 and 3, and the liquid crystal layer has a plurality of small chambers 14 formed by walls 10 made of a polymer.
- Sample liquid crystal cell No. 3 and no. No. 4 liquid crystal layer the sample liquid crystal cell No. Similar to 1, it was observed that three or more small chambers were formed in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer, and that there was a small chamber not in contact with the alignment film in the center of the liquid crystal layer.
- sample liquid crystal cell No. 2 as shown in FIG. 7, the chambers 14 formed by the polymer walls 10 are arranged in two layers in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer 1, and the lower chambers 14 are in contact with the alignment film 12.
- the upper chamber 14 was in contact with the alignment film 13. Therefore, the small chamber 14 not in contact with the alignment films 12 and 13 was not seen. From this, it is considered that a liquid crystal region in which liquid crystal molecules are vertically aligned without being regulated by the alignment films 12 and 13 is hardly formed. 1, no. 3 and no. It was found that scattering characteristics higher than 4 can be obtained.
- the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal region formed in each small chamber 14 are more reliably regulated by the alignment films 12 and 13 and are aligned parallel to the substrate, so that the scattering characteristics can be improved more effectively. confirmed. It was also found that the polymer wall 10 was formed substantially perpendicular to the substrate.
- Sample liquid crystal cell No. 1-No. Table 2 shows the measurement results of the surface free energy of the alignment films A to D and the arrangement state of the small chambers.
- Sample liquid crystal cell No. 1 and no. 2 is peeled off, and planar SEM observation is performed from above the liquid crystal layer. In 1, a large number of regions where the polymer was aggregated were observed. On the other hand, the sample liquid crystal cell No. In No. 2, the polymer and the liquid crystal region were separated almost uniformly. Therefore, the sample liquid crystal cell No. In No. 2, it was found that uneven display due to polymer aggregation was suppressed and higher display characteristics were obtained. Further, the sample liquid crystal cell No. From the result of 2 plane SEM observation, it was also found that the walls made of polymer were continuous and the wall thickness was substantially uniform.
- a transparent substrate and an alignment film A were formed in this order on one surface of a glass substrate to obtain a front substrate.
- a back substrate was produced.
- the front and back substrates were arranged so as to face the alignment film A, and plastic beads having a diameter of 4 ⁇ m were dispersed between them. Thereafter, these substrates were bonded together, and a liquid crystal mixture was injected by a vacuum injection method.
- the material and mixing ratio of the liquid crystal mixture are the same as those of the sample liquid crystal cell No. described above. 1-No. The same material and mixing ratio as used in 4 were used.
- sample liquid crystal cell No. 1 except that alignment film B is used instead of alignment film A.
- Sample liquid crystal cell No. 6 was produced.
- Sample liquid crystal cell no. 5, no. 6 was incident from the front substrate side, and the scattering angle distribution of the light (scattered light) scattered by the liquid crystal layer and emitted to the front substrate side was measured.
- an LCD evaluation apparatus LCD 5200 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics was used.
- the measurement results are shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 8 is the light receiving angle of light scattered by the liquid crystal layer of each cell, and is the absolute value of the angle formed between the light receiving direction and the normal direction of the substrate.
- the vertical axis represents the intensity ratio (transmission intensity ratio) of light scattered by the liquid crystal layer of each cell.
- the transmission intensity ratio is the sample liquid crystal cell No. 5 (cell using alignment film A) is normalized by the scattered light intensity value.
- the sample liquid crystal cell No. No. 6 is the sample liquid crystal cell No. It was found that a brighter white display can be realized with a scattering characteristic better than 5.
- Sample liquid crystal cell no. 5, no. Sample liquid crystal cell No. 7, no. 8 were prepared.
- the transmissivities for light (incident angle: 0 °) incident on the liquid crystal layer from the normal direction of the substrate when no voltage is applied are substantially equal so that the brightness of white display in these cells is substantially equal.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of each cell was adjusted.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer of No. 7 is 4.1 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 8 was 3.4 ⁇ m.
- the transmittance of each cell obtained by the above method was measured while changing the applied voltage using an LCD evaluation device (LCD 5200) manufactured by Otsuka Electronics.
- LCD evaluation device LCD 5200 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics.
- light is incident from the front substrate side along the normal direction of the substrate (incident angle: 0 °), and in the incident light, the light advances in the liquid crystal layer along the normal direction of the substrate and is on the rear substrate side.
- the intensity of light (transmitted light) exiting from was measured.
- the ratio of the intensity of the transmitted light to the intensity of the incident light was determined and designated as “transmittance (%)”.
- the measurement results are shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 9 represents the voltage applied to each cell, and the vertical axis represents the transmittance for light with an incident angle of 0 °.
- sample liquid crystal cell No. 1 using alignment film B was obtained.
- No. 8 is a sample liquid crystal cell No. 1 using the alignment film A. It can be seen that the transmission state is obtained at a voltage lower than 7. This is the sample liquid crystal cell No. No. 8 liquid crystal layer is the sample liquid crystal cell No. This is probably because it is thinner than the liquid crystal layer 7 and can easily switch the state of the liquid crystal layer.
- an alignment film having a predetermined surface energy is selected in order to control the structure of the small chamber in the liquid crystal layer, but the surface of the alignment film is modified using a monomolecular adsorption film or the like. By doing so, the surface energy of the alignment film may be controlled.
- the suitable range of the surface energy of the alignment film should just be the same as the surface energy of a liquid crystal (for example, a difference is 20% or less), and is not limited to the value of the surface energy of the alignment film B mentioned above.
- the configuration of the display device of the present embodiment is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG.
- Plastic substrates may be used as the front and back substrates, and curved substrates may be used.
- flexible substrates 52 and 53 as shown in FIG. 10 may be used.
- the scattering efficiency in the scattering state of the liquid crystal layer can be improved. Therefore, brighter white display than before can be realized.
- the drive voltage can be kept low without reducing the brightness of white display.
- the present invention can be applied to various reflection type liquid crystal display devices and various electric devices using the reflection type liquid crystal display devices.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態における液晶表示装置は、例えば以下のような方法で製造できる。ここでは、真空注入法を用いて液晶層を形成する方法を例に説明する。
本実施形態では、液晶層の散乱特性を高めるために、小部屋の大きさ(すなわち液晶領域の大きさ)を所定の範囲内に制御することが好ましい。上記方法と同様の液晶混合物を用いて液晶層を形成する場合には、液晶領域の大きさは、液晶混合物に対する光の照射条件によって調整することができる。本願発明者らは、光の照射条件と液晶領域の大きさとの関係を検討したので、その方法および結果を以下に説明する。
液晶領域11の液晶配向をより確実に制御するためには、小部屋14は液晶層1の厚さ方向に2層以下となるように配置され、略全ての小部屋14内の液晶領域11の配向が配向膜12、13によって規制されることが好ましい。本願発明者らは、液晶領域11の配置を制御するための液晶セルの作製条件について種々の検討を行った結果、配向膜12、13の特性(表面自由エネルギー)を制御することが重要であるという知見を得た。以下に、液晶セルの作製条件の検討方法および結果を詳しく説明する。
上記表2に示す配向膜AおよびBを用いて、それぞれ、散乱特性評価用の液晶セル(サンプル液晶セルNo.5、サンプル液晶セルNo.6)を作製し、その散乱特性を測定したので、その方法および結果を説明する。
上記表2に示す配向膜Aおよび配向膜Bを用いて、それぞれ、電圧特性評価用の液晶セル(サンプル液晶セルNo.7、サンプル液晶セルNo.8)を作製し、各セルの電圧特性を測定したので、その方法および結果を説明する。
2 背面基板
3 前面基板
4 画素電極
5 薄膜トランジスタ
6 カラーフィルター
7 平坦化膜
8 対向電極
10 壁
11 液晶領域
12、13 配向膜
14 小部屋
16 再帰性反射層
20 ディレクタ
22 液晶分子
24、26 光
52、53 フレキシブル基板
100 液晶表示装置
Claims (15)
- 複数の画素を備えた液晶表示装置であって、
光を透過する透過状態と光を散乱する散乱状態との間で状態が切り替えられ得る液晶層と、
前記液晶層を間に保持する前面基板および背面基板と、
前記液晶層を挟んで配置され、前記液晶層に電圧を印加する一対の電極と、
前記液晶層と前記前面基板および背面基板との間にそれぞれ形成された第1および第2配向膜と
を備え、
前記液晶層は、前記画素のそれぞれに、
連続した壁と、
前記壁によって分離された複数の小部屋と、
それぞれが、前記複数の小部屋のいずれか1つに形成された複数の液晶領域と、
を有し、
前記複数の液晶領域は、前記液晶層に平行な面内にディレクタを有する第1および第2の液晶領域を有しており、前記第1および第2の液晶領域のディレクタは互いに異なる方向を向いている反射型液晶表示装置。 - 前記複数の小部屋のそれぞれと、前記第1および第2配向膜のうちその小部屋に最も近接する配向膜との間には、他の小部屋は存在しない請求項1に記載の反射型液晶表示装置。
- 前記複数の小部屋のそれぞれと、前記第1および第2配向膜との間には、他の小部屋は存在しない請求項1に記載の反射型液晶表示装置。
- 前記複数の液晶領域のそれぞれは、前記第1および第2配向膜のうちいずれか一方と接している請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の反射型液晶表示装置。
- 前記第1および第2配向膜には配向処理が施されていない請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の反射型液晶表示装置。
- 前記第1および第2配向膜の表面自由エネルギーは44mJ/m2以上50mJ/m2以下である請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の反射型液晶表示装置。
- 前記液晶層は、各画素内に0.016個/μm2以上の密度で小部屋を有している請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の反射型液晶表示装置。
- 前記液晶層は、各画素内に1個/μm2以上の密度で小部屋を有している請求項7に記載の反射型液晶表示装置。
- 前記液晶層の液晶材料の誘電異方性は正である請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の反射型液晶表示装置。
- 前記液晶領域はカイラル剤を含んでいない請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の反射型液晶表示装置。
- 前記複数の小部屋の直径が0.6μm以上6μm以下である請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の反射型液晶表示装置。
- 前記液晶領域に含まれる液晶材料の異常光屈折率neと常光屈折率noとの差は0.1以上0.3以下である請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の反射型液晶表示装置。
- 前記液晶層の背面側に設けられた反射層をさらに備える請求項1から12のいずれかに記載の反射型液晶表示装置。
- 前記反射層は再帰性反射層である請求項13に記載の反射型液晶表示装置。
- 前記液晶層の背面側に設けられた光吸収層をさらに備える請求項1から12のいずれかに記載の反射型液晶表示装置。
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BRPI0917100A BRPI0917100A2 (pt) | 2008-08-25 | 2009-08-21 | dispositivo de tela de cristal líquido do tipo reflexão |
US13/060,569 US8482702B2 (en) | 2008-08-25 | 2009-08-21 | Reflection type liquid crystal display device with controlled directors |
CN2009801334172A CN102132198B (zh) | 2008-08-25 | 2009-08-21 | 反射型液晶显示装置 |
EP09809507A EP2322978A4 (en) | 2008-08-25 | 2009-08-21 | REFLEXIFY LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE |
JP2010526524A JPWO2010023851A1 (ja) | 2008-08-25 | 2009-08-21 | 反射型液晶表示装置 |
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EP (1) | EP2322978A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2010023851A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20110038137A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102132198B (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0917100A2 (ja) |
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Cited By (3)
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WO2012053477A1 (ja) * | 2010-10-21 | 2012-04-26 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置 |
WO2021251498A1 (ja) * | 2020-06-11 | 2021-12-16 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 調光シート |
WO2023190936A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-05 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 調光シート |
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JPWO2018021308A1 (ja) * | 2016-07-26 | 2019-05-09 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 調光システム、調光フィルムの駆動方法、車両 |
KR102700941B1 (ko) | 2016-10-21 | 2024-09-02 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 재귀반사층을 갖는 컬러 기판 및 이를 포함하는 표시 장치 |
JP6985024B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-10 | 2021-12-22 | エルジー ディスプレイ カンパニー リミテッド | 液晶表示装置 |
EP3734354A4 (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2021-01-06 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | DIMMING LAYER AND DIMMING WINDOW |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20110038137A (ko) | 2011-04-13 |
US8482702B2 (en) | 2013-07-09 |
EP2322978A4 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
US20110157529A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
CN102132198A (zh) | 2011-07-20 |
EP2322978A1 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
RU2011111283A (ru) | 2012-09-27 |
CN102132198B (zh) | 2013-09-25 |
BRPI0917100A2 (pt) | 2015-11-03 |
JPWO2010023851A1 (ja) | 2012-01-26 |
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