WO2010013686A1 - 連続鋳造に使用するノズル用耐火物及び連続鋳造用ノズル - Google Patents
連続鋳造に使用するノズル用耐火物及び連続鋳造用ノズル Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010013686A1 WO2010013686A1 PCT/JP2009/063371 JP2009063371W WO2010013686A1 WO 2010013686 A1 WO2010013686 A1 WO 2010013686A1 JP 2009063371 W JP2009063371 W JP 2009063371W WO 2010013686 A1 WO2010013686 A1 WO 2010013686A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
- B22D41/52—Manufacturing or repairing thereof
- B22D41/54—Manufacturing or repairing thereof characterised by the materials used therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
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- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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Definitions
- This invention relates to the nozzle for continuous casting which has arrange
- the “inner hole side layer” is present on the inner hole side of the intermediate layer in the horizontal cross section at any position where the molten steel passage direction (vertical direction) of the continuous casting nozzle is the entire length.
- the refractory layer is generically referred to, and includes the case where the inner hole side layer is composed of a plurality of layers, and the thermal expansion coefficient in that case is the maximum value of any one of the inner hole side layers.
- the “peripheral side layer” is a generic term for the refractory layer existing on the outer peripheral side of the intermediate layer in the cross section, and the outer peripheral side layer is composed of a plurality of layers (for example, AG quality).
- the coefficient of thermal expansion is the minimum value of any one of the outer peripheral layers.
- the outer peripheral side layer and the inner hole side layer are separately formed, and the matrix of the refractory forming each of these layers has no continuity, that is, the mutually independent formed bodies can be deformed.
- the present invention relates to a continuous casting nozzle having a structure fixed with a refractory for an intermediate layer (also referred to as “interpolation type” in the present invention).
- a tubular refractory having an inner hole through which a high-temperature object stays or passes has a temperature gradient between the inner hole side and the outer peripheral side.
- the inner hole side or the outer peripheral side is rapidly heated, and this phenomenon becomes remarkable.
- Such temperature gradients cause stress distortion inside the refractory regardless of whether the refractory is a single layer or multiple layers, and cause damage such as external cracks in the tubular refractory. It is one.
- a refractory constituting a continuous casting nozzle contains a large amount of graphite, or fused silica with a small thermal expansion amount is added or increased. There is a reduction in thermal stress due to high thermal conductivity, low expansion, low elastic modulus and the like.
- increasing the amount of graphite or fused silica decreases oxidation resistance and increases reactivity with molten steel components, and thus has a detrimental effect on wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and the like, particularly on the inner hole side.
- a refractory material having excellent thermal shock resistance is applied to the main body portion of the continuous casting nozzle, that is, the outer peripheral side layer to form the basic skeleton portion of the continuous casting nozzle.
- the life of the continuous casting nozzle has been extended by disposing a refractory material having excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance on the inner hole side layer having the inner hole surface in contact with the flow.
- the immersion nozzle is equipped with a refractory layer containing a CaO component highly reactive with the alumina component on the inner surface of the immersion nozzle. Nozzle applications are being promoted.
- Such a high-performance refractory has a small content of graphite or the like having a large function of relaxing thermal expansion and contains a large amount of refractory aggregate having a high thermal expansion property.
- the difference in thermal expansion between the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer is also due to the increase in thermal gradient due to the increase in the thermal conductivity relative to the outer peripheral side layer of the inner hole side layer due to the reduction of the carbon content.
- the thermal stress caused by it tends to increase more and more, the risk of destruction of the continuous casting nozzle, especially the outer peripheral layer, is further increased.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a continuous casting nozzle including a refractory sleeve containing 20 mass% or more of CaO.
- a fire-resistant bone is applied to the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve or a part or the whole of the inner-hole wall surface of the body to which the sleeve is mounted, or to the joint formed between the inserted sleeve and the inner-hole wall surface.
- the joint structure of the refractory sleeve for the inner hole of the nozzle for continuous casting in which the porosity of the dried joint material adhesive is adjusted to 15 to 90% by applying an adhesive mixed with a binder and a binder is shown.
- the porosity of the joint adhesive is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the solvent and binder constituting the adhesive or changing the filling amount. This is to obtain the stress relaxation ability by the porosity of the mortar, that is, the space in the mortar structure, the degree of which is to increase or decrease or change the filling amount of the solvent and binder constituting the mortar (adhesive). It is something to be adjusted with.
- the mortar layer Even if the inner hole side layer can be fixed to the outer peripheral side layer (the main body of the nozzle for continuous casting) in a predetermined arrangement with such a mortar layer, the mortar layer inevitably has a density. Since the structure is low and the structure is weak, the structure is weak and low in strength. When relieving stress during the heat, the structure can be destroyed by weak external forces such as when handling the nozzle. It becomes difficult to maintain. For this reason, there exists a problem of becoming easy to cause peeling, a shift
- the casting nozzle in which the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer are separated from each other by this separation layer is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 has an adhesive portion with less than 20% between the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer. Even if it is a slight adhesion portion, the cracking stress is transmitted from the inner hole side layer to the outer circumference side layer through this adhesion portion, and therefore, it becomes a starting point of the cracking phenomenon. Further, when the bonded portion is 0%, a basic problem that the inner hole side layer cannot be held as a structure occurs. Furthermore, in a joint of a so-called space such as the separation layer of Patent Document 2, the molten steel easily enters the joint, and the refractory is caused by solidification shrinkage of the molten steel and expansion of the steel during heating when subjected to a temperature change. There arises a problem that a crack occurs or the inner hole side layer is peeled off because the inner hole side layer is not bonded to the outer peripheral side layer.
- the stress relieving layer of the continuous casting nozzle with a highly expanded inner hole side layer has a function to relieve stress due to thermal expansion from the inner hole side layer, and suppresses penetration of molten steel and slag components.
- Such large pores do not exist continuously, and have the properties and shape retaining properties that can obtain the necessary thickness and packed structure in installation work, and do not lead to stress due to thermal expansion of the inner hole side layer It must be strong enough not to break depending on the external force, and it must have a support function that prevents the inner hole side layer from peeling off from the outer peripheral side layer, but a mortar layer that combines these functions has not yet been obtained. .
- An object of the present invention is to provide an interpolated continuous casting nozzle in which a highly functional layer such as high corrosion resistance and high adhesion prevention is arranged on the inner hole side to improve durability. It prevents the outer peripheral layer from being cracked due to the difference in thermal expansion from the outer peripheral layer that is the material, and can fix the inner hole side layer to the outer peripheral layer (the main body of the nozzle for continuous casting) in a predetermined arrangement.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a refractory material (mortar) for an intermediate layer of a continuous casting nozzle having properties and a continuous casting nozzle using the refractory material for the intermediate layer.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a refractory material (mortar) for an intermediate layer of a nozzle for continuous casting having a function of reliably preventing peeling of an inner hole side layer during casting in addition to the above-mentioned properties, and an intermediate layer thereof
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a nozzle for continuous casting using a refractory for the purpose.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a nozzle for continuous casting using a refractory material (mortar) for an intermediate layer suitable when an MgO—CaO-based material is applied to the inner hole side layer.
- a refractory material material for an intermediate layer suitable when an MgO—CaO-based material is applied to the inner hole side layer.
- the present invention is a.
- the hollow refractory aggregate is, containing SiO 2 of 70 wt% or more and the alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides vitreous containing 1% by weight to 10% by weight in total tissue
- (6) It consists of a tubular refractory structure having an inner hole through which molten metal passes in the axial direction, and the thermal expansion of the refractory in the inner hole side layer in a part or all of the region of the tubular refractory structure
- the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer are independent molded bodies, and the molded body of the inner hole side layer is fixed to the molded body of the outer peripheral side layer by an intermediate layer having a contractibility,
- the adhesive strength in the hot in a non-oxidizing atmosphere 1000 ° C. or higher and 1500 ° C.
- K (%) of the intermediate layer satisfies the following formula 1.
- Tm Initial thickness of the intermediate layer at room temperature (mm)
- ⁇ i Maximum coefficient of thermal expansion (%) in the range from room temperature to 1500 ° C. of the refractory on the inner hole side layer
- ⁇ o Thermal expansion coefficient (%) at the temperature at the start of steel passing of the refractory on the outer peripheral side layer (Claim 6)
- the intermediate layer includes 10% by volume to 75% by volume of a hollow refractory aggregate that satisfies a ratio of the average radius R of the grains to the average wall thickness t of the grains of R / t ⁇ 10, and As a proportion of the balance other than the hollow refractory aggregate, one or more of single metals or alloys of Al, Mg, and Si are converted into only those metal components, and the total is 0.5 mass% or more and 15 mass%.
- the inner hole side layer includes a CaO component and a MgO component in a total amount of 80% by mass or more, and a mass ratio of CaO to MgO (CaO / MgO) is 0.2 to 1.5,
- the mass ratio of the CaO content in the inner hole side layer in the inner hole side layer is divided by the mass ratio in the intermediate layer of the total amount of Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and alkali metal oxide in the intermediate layer.
- the failure of the continuous casting nozzle due to cracking or splitting of the outer peripheral layer by the inner hole side layer is caused when the thermal expansion of the inner hole side layer is larger than the thermal expansion of the outer peripheral side layer, particularly the refractory of the inner hole side layer.
- This is noticeably generated when the thermal expansion characteristic (synonymous with the coefficient of linear expansion associated with temperature rise in the present invention) is larger than the thermal expansion characteristic of the refractory on the outer peripheral side layer.
- the stress due to the thermal expansion of the inner hole side layer acts as a radial compressive stress in the horizontal section of the continuous casting nozzle, and the continuous casting nozzle also has an outer peripheral side layer at the end in the long side axial direction.
- the axial compressive stress also acts on the outer peripheral layer.
- the present invention As a means for imparting a function to relieve stress between the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer having such a relationship, in the present invention, at least after the preheating is finished, at least the start of passing the molten steel (in the present invention
- the start of casting in the submerged nozzle and the start of pouring of molten steel into the tundish of the long nozzle are synonymous. The same shall apply hereinafter.
- An intermediate layer having a contractibility is installed at the time.
- the thermal expansion of the inner hole side layer acts as a compressive stress on the intermediate layer without directly acting on the outer peripheral side layer.
- the intermediate layer itself can reduce the stress due to expansion of the inner hole side layer by reducing the thickness in the radial direction or the axial direction according to the compressive stress, in other words, by reducing its volume. It becomes.
- contractibility such a property that the thickness and volume can be reduced is referred to as contractibility.
- the shrinkable target range to be obtained by the intermediate layer will be described below.
- a refractory material having a cylindrical shape and a practically minimum radial structure having an outer peripheral layer of an Al 2 O 3 -graphite material having a maximum tensile strength of 6 MPa and having a practically minimum radial structure (outer periphery)
- the inner diameter of the side layer is 80 mm and the outer diameter of the outer layer is 135 mm
- pressure is applied from the inner wall surface of the pipe, it will break if a pressure of about 2.5 MPa is applied to the inner wall surface by calculation from the equation of the wall pressure cylinder. Will come.
- the intermediate layer itself needs to exhibit deformation behavior. That is, the stress applied from the inner hole side layer to the outer peripheral side layer needs to be stopped to 2.5 MPa or less by deformation (reduction) of the intermediate layer.
- the tensile stress generated in the outer peripheral side layer is 2.5 MPa or less, and in order to further improve safety, the tensile stress should be suppressed to as small as possible.
- the intermediate layer itself needs to exhibit a deformation behavior under such a compressive stress value that results in a tensile stress value.
- the contractibility required for the intermediate layer can be expressed by the contraction rate K (%) of the following equation.
- Tm inner diameter of outer peripheral layer (mm)
- Tm (initial) thickness (mm) of the intermediate layer at room temperature
- ⁇ i Maximum coefficient of thermal expansion (%) in the range from room temperature to 1500 ° C. of the refractory on the inner hole side layer
- ⁇ o Thermal expansion coefficient (%) at the temperature at the start of steel passing of the refractory on the outer peripheral side layer
- Di and Do are the positions of the outer peripheral side surfaces of the inner hole side layer for the planar shape of the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer on the cross section in the direction horizontal to the axial direction of the target portion in the entire area in the axial direction, It means the diameter of the position of the inner hole side surface of the outer peripheral side layer.
- the position of the outer peripheral side surface of the inner hole side layer is Di and the position of the outer peripheral side layer on the same straight line extending radially from the center of the planar shape of the inner hole side layer on the plane. If the position of the side surface of the inner hole is Do, the above equation 1 may be satisfied for the entire shape.
- the contractibility at the end in the axial direction is expressed by the above formula 1 with respect to the planar shape of the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer on the axial section passing through the shaft (the center of the horizontal section nozzle for continuous casting).
- Di is the axial length to the other end with the axially outer side surface position of the inner hole side layer as one end
- Do is the other end with the axial inner side surface position of the outer peripheral side layer as one end. What is necessary is just to substitute with the length of the axial direction of the outer peripheral side layer to a part.
- ⁇ i is the maximum coefficient of thermal expansion (%) in the range from room temperature to 1500 ° C. of the refractory in the inner hole side layer, which means that the maximum value of the refractory in the inner hole side layer is substantially up to the molten steel temperature.
- the outer peripheral layer is the same as the room temperature (temperature of the surrounding environment), and at this time ⁇ o is an expansion coefficient at room temperature, which is a reference point for measuring the thermal expansion coefficient, That is, it can be regarded as almost “zero”, and the above formula 1 becomes the formula 2.
- the shrinkage ratio K that satisfies this expression 2 is the shrinkage ratio that takes into account the most severe conditions, that is, the case where the difference in thermal expansion between the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer is maximized. If it is greater than or equal to the shrinkable rate, the outer peripheral layer will not break, but in order to ensure safety that is less likely to break, the shrinkable rate K that satisfies Equation 2 under all operating conditions is set. preferable.
- K in the formulas 1 and 2 is a target in a non-oxidizing atmosphere in a reducing gas or inert gas atmosphere or in an oxidizing gas atmosphere such as air by applying an antioxidant to the surface.
- the intermediate layer when using an actual continuous casting nozzle is a non-oxidizing atmosphere. (If the target sample is oxidized in the measurement of K, the exact properties cannot be grasped.)
- the shrinkage rate of the refractory for the intermediate layer is preferably 10% or more and 80% or less.
- the expansion allowance of the inner hole side layer can be reduced, but if it is less than 10%, the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer Due to the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion, the thickness of the intermediate layer must be increased, and the wall thickness of the nozzle for continuous casting is limited. As a result, the thickness of the main body material is reduced, causing a problem in strength as a structure. .
- the thickness is greater than 80%, the thickness of the intermediate layer can be designed to be thin, so the above-described problems are unlikely to occur.
- the inner diameter of the outer peripheral layer which is near the minimum size of a commonly used continuous casting nozzle, is approximately ⁇ 80 mm
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the inner hole side layer is 2.0%
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the outer peripheral layer is Assuming a condition of 0.8%, the thickness of the intermediate layer is about 4 mm, the contractibility required for the refractory of the intermediate layer is 10%
- the inner diameter of the outer peripheral layer near the maximum size is about ⁇ 150 mm
- the thickness of the intermediate layer is about 1.2 mm, which is necessary for the refractory of the intermediate layer.
- the contractibility is about 78%.
- the contractibility of the refractory constituting the intermediate layer is mainly obtained by a hollow refractory aggregate which is one of constituent materials of the refractory.
- This hollow refractory aggregate provides shrinkability, and the main mechanisms that relieve stress due to thermal expansion are the following two points.
- the hollow refractory aggregate is pressurized with a stress greater than its breaking strength due to thermal expansion of the inner hole side layer, the wall surface of the hollow refractory aggregate is destroyed and the volume is reduced, and the space volume generated by the destruction is reduced. It becomes an absorption margin for thermal expansion of the inner hole side layer. This process occurs mainly when a load is applied before the softening of the hollow aggregate particles.
- the wall of the hollow refractory aggregate softens (the degree of softening varies depending on the temperature), and when the softened hollow refractory aggregate is pressurized, the volume is easily deformed.
- the space volume generated by the shrinkage and the softening deformation or reduction serves as an absorption margin for the thermal expansion of the inner hole side layer.
- the lower limit value of the shrinkable ratio can be based on a measured value at 1000 ° C.
- the upper limit value can be based on a measured value at 1500 ° C. (both in a non-oxidizing atmosphere).
- the standard of the lower limit of the shrinkable rate can be 1000 ° C.
- the shrinkability of the refractory including the hollow refractory aggregate is almost caused by the destruction of the hollow refractory aggregate (strictly speaking, the refractory
- the shrinkage characteristics of the matrix structure are also slightly added), and the characteristics of this destruction are almost the same in the temperature range from room temperature to about 1000 ° C., and the volatile components in the binder component are sufficiently scattered, so that the carbonaceous bond structure is Completion of the connective structure that forms the basis of the matrix of the refractory is considered to indicate that the contractibility is almost the lower limit, so that evaluation with little variation is possible, and from 1000 ° C. This is because, in the high temperature range of 1500 ° C.
- the softening characteristic of the hollow refractory aggregate is added to the destruction of the hollow refractory aggregate, and the shrinkage rate tends to be higher than 1000 ° C.
- the reason why the upper limit of the shrinkable ratio can be set to 1500 ° C. is that the temperature of the intermediate layer is about 1500 ° C. with respect to the temperature of the molten steel whose inner hole surface is the maximum temperature.
- the contractibility of the present invention can be measured by the following method, and this measured value can be equated with the contractibility.
- a columnar refractory ( ⁇ 20 ⁇ 5 mmt) made of a mixture that has been molded at the same pressure as the molding pressure and has the property of being shrinkable after heat treatment is placed in a carbon-based restraint space having the same shape as the columnar refractory. Then, heat treatment is performed in a predetermined temperature rising pattern in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to eliminate the combustible component, and a cylindrical sample (about ⁇ 20 ⁇ about 5 mmt) is obtained. The columnar sample after this heat treatment is placed between the end faces of two refractory jigs having a shape of ⁇ 20 ⁇ 40 mmL.
- a cylindrical sample guide made of a refractory material having an inner diameter of 20 mm / outer diameter of 50 mm and a height of 78 mm in order to prevent the sample from peeling from the side surface. May be extrapolated to the sample and used as a measurement sample.
- the solvent may penetrate into the open pores of the end face of the refractory test piece, so that the shrinkage rate may change, so that the solvent is soaked in advance, wax treatment, etc. It is preferable to use a refractory test piece that is difficult to penetrate through.
- This measurement sample is placed in a furnace of a material testing machine that can control the temperature, atmosphere, and pressurization rate, heated to a predetermined temperature in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, held until the temperature becomes uniform, and then heated. Start pressure and take measurements. First, the initial thickness t 0 (mm) of the cylindrical sample in a non-pressurized state is measured. Next, after holding the measurement sample at a predetermined temperature, the cylindrical sample is compressed from the up and down direction at a crosshead moving speed of 0.001 to 0.01 mm / sec and pressurized to 2.5 MPa. The displacement amount h 1 (mm) is measured.
- Core drilling of ⁇ 20mm from the outer peripheral side layer to the central axis at right angles to the refractory central axis, and an integrated inner hole and outer peripheral side of about ⁇ 20mm including the inner hole side layer, intermediate layer and outer peripheral side layer A core sample with a curvature is obtained.
- the shrinkage ratio of the intermediate layer is such that the upper and lower surfaces of the core sample are processed horizontally and bonded to a refractory jig so that they can be uniformly pressed, or a refractory jig with the same curvature as the upper and lower surfaces of the core sample.
- the sample for measurement is smaller than the size, it is possible to measure and convert the conditions such as the unit area, unit length, etc. to the same extent as described above by calculation.
- the initial thickness t 0 (mm) of the intermediate layer in the pressure state is accurately measured, the displacement amount h 1 of the intermediate layer is measured in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at a predetermined temperature, and the intermediate layer has no intermediate layer.
- the displacement amount h 2 of the blank value to calculate the measured Kachijimi rate K.
- the contractibility for stress relaxation can be obtained mainly by the hollow refractory aggregate in the intermediate layer as described above.
- the size of the contractibility is substantially equal to the volume ratio of the hollow refractory aggregate in the refractory for the intermediate layer. That is, when the intermediate layer contains 10% by volume or more and 75% by volume or less of the hollow refractory aggregate, the shrinkable ratio can satisfy the requirement of 10% or more and 80% or less at 1000 ° C.
- the matrix portion other than the hollow refractory aggregate also has a slight contractibility, but by including 10% by volume or more and 75% by volume or less of the hollow refractory aggregate, there is no difference in the contractibility of the matrix portion. It becomes possible to obtain a stable design contractibility.
- the volume% of the hollow refractory aggregate is the volume calculated from the average particle density and the weight of the hollow refractory aggregate (that is, the volume of the hollow refractory aggregate itself, the volume of closed pores in the aggregate, and the unevenness of the aggregate surface.
- the method for calculating the volume% of hollow refractory aggregate is the most accurate method based on the raw material density used during blending, but it is based on the two-dimensional information of the hollow refractory aggregate from micrographs.
- the numerical value of the volume fraction of the hollow refractory aggregate can be substituted by image analysis such as a line segment method.
- the volume when the container is filled with each of the hollow refractory aggregate and the remaining matrix part can be used.
- the hollow refractory aggregate used in the present invention has a space inside and the outer wall is formed by a wall.
- the compressive strength is less than 1000 ° C. (it can be evaluated at room temperature because there is almost no change to room temperature).
- the ratio (R / t) of the average radius R of the hollow refractory aggregate to the average wall thickness t (R / t) needs to be 10 or more.
- R / t is preferably 60 or less. If it exceeds 60, the hollow refractory aggregate may be destroyed by the mechanical impact such as the handling of the nozzle for continuous casting in which the intermediate layer of the present invention is installed or the stability of the intermediate layer may be impaired. This is because it becomes larger.
- the average radius refers to a value obtained by simply averaging the maximum dimension and the minimum dimension of the projection or the cross section near the center of the hollow refractory aggregate particles alone, or a weighted average value of a plurality of arbitrary points.
- the size of the hollow refractory aggregate satisfying the above R / t ratio (average radius R of the grains) is also distributed uniformly in the intermediate layer to make the contractible behavior in the intermediate layer uniform. It is better to be fine.
- the upper limit of the size of such a hollow refractory aggregate particle is a relative value that varies depending on the thickness of the layer (intermediate layer) of the refractory to be installed, its installation (construction) method, and the like. That is not appropriate.
- the lower limit thickness of the intermediate layer is about 1 mm (generally during installation) In consideration of the workability, quality, etc., as well as the rational structure of the nozzle for continuous casting, etc., it is about several millimeters. It is difficult to uniformly disperse the hollow refractory aggregate in the layer having such a thickness as the diameter increases.
- the maximum radius of the hollow refractory aggregate particles is preferably 250 ⁇ m or less.
- the minimum radius of the hollow refractory aggregate is preferably 2.5 ⁇ m or more.
- the minimum radius is less than 2.5 ⁇ m, it is preferable in terms of uniformity, but the pressure strength tends to be high, and the ratio of not breaking at a compressive stress of 2.5 MPa or less increases, and the shrinkable amount tends to decrease. This is not preferable.
- the maximum radius means that one side of the mesh passes through a mesh having a set radius particle diameter, or is classified by a method corresponding thereto, and the minimum radius is , One in which one side of the mesh does not pass through a mesh having a diameter of a set radius particle, or one classified by a method equivalent thereto.
- the outer shape of the hollow refractory aggregate is spherical or rounded. Since the hollow refractory aggregate is spherical or rounded, the aggregate particles are in point contact with each other, and the stress is less variable than in the case of a wide contact surface (here 2.5 MPa or less) The wall of the hollow refractory aggregate breaks down, and it is easy to obtain stable pressure resistance. Also, when the mortar-shaped intermediate layer is filled or applied in the gap between the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer (continuous casting nozzle body), the fluidity of the intermediate layer in the gap is As a result, it is not necessary to use an excessive amount of solution, and segregation can be reduced. When using a large amount of a liquid containing a large amount of volatile components for the purpose of providing fluidity necessary to obtain workability during filling, there is a risk of lowering the adhesion and strength of the refractory in the intermediate layer. .
- a hollow refractory aggregate containing vitreous material known by a name such as a glass balloon, a silica balloon, and a shirasu balloon is particularly preferable.
- the chemical composition of the hollow refractory aggregate containing the vitreous material is a vitreous material containing 70% by mass or more of SiO 2 and 1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less of alkali metal oxide and alkaline earth metal oxide in total.
- the balance (parts other than SiO 2 , alkali metal and alkaline earth metal oxides) is composed of a neutral oxide or an acidic oxide component other than SiO 2 , specifically the balance
- the aluminosilicate system is the best, which consists of Al 2 O 3 .
- the softening point is 1000 to 1400 ° C. (where “softening” is outside of fracture under pressure of 2.5 MPa or less) This is a state in which the shape is deformed.), And the intermediate layer is likely to be softened and deformed in a high temperature range, so that the amount of heat shrinkage is increased.
- such a hollow refractory aggregate exhibits a contractibility due to brittle fracture at a pressure of 2.5 MPa or less in a low temperature range before softening, that is, less than about 1000 ° C., but alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metals.
- a glassy composition containing 1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less in total, it becomes easy to soften and deform in a high temperature range of about 1000 ° C. to 1500 ° C. (molten steel temperature), thereby reducing its volume. Thus, it can contribute to the development of stress absorption function and hot strength.
- the total of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides is more than 10% by mass, or when SiO 2 is 70% by mass or more, alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides
- the total amount is more than 10% by mass, a problem in producing a hollow raw material arises from the viscosity of the molten glass, or a problem occurs in the adhesive force for holding the inner hole side layer because the high temperature viscosity is low.
- SiO 2 is less than 70% by mass and the total amount of alkali metal oxides is less than 1% by mass, or when SiO 2 is 70% by mass or more and the total amount of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides is 1% by mass. If it is less than%, the viscosity of the glass composition tends to be too high, causing problems in the production of hollow raw materials, softening deformation behavior at high temperatures, and lowering the adhesive strength to retain the inner hole side refractory layer There is a problem to do.
- composition of the hollow refractory aggregate in the present invention volatile matter and combustible materials in a non-oxidizing atmosphere are not included. Specifically, a sample after heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere of about 600 ° C. or higher is used as a reference.
- Such hollow refractory aggregates exist as aggregates having a volume in the refractory structure before the volume is reduced by breaking or softening due to stress. Compared to the above, it is possible to significantly reduce the expression and maintenance of high strength as an intermediate layer, a high stress dispersion function, and the intrusion or passage of fluid such as molten metal or air from the outside. That is, it can also contribute to the stability of the layer itself described later, the stability of the layer structure of the nozzle for continuous casting, and the like.
- Such an intermediate layer should not cause misalignment, delamination, breakage, etc. of the inner hole side layer due to the external force received at each stage of conveying and installing the continuous casting nozzle, preheating and steel passing. is required.
- a mortar that simply has a large amount of space in the matrix structure of the refractory destroys the structure after shrinkage, causing weakening of the intermediate layer itself and a decrease in adhesive strength, leading to the collapse of the layer itself. .
- the risk of causing peeling or destruction of the inner hole side layer, intrusion of molten steel or the like between the layers becomes extremely high.
- the shrinkability of the refractory material of the intermediate layer of the present invention is realized mainly by the destruction, deformation, etc. of the hollow refractory aggregate, so that the matrix structure portion has higher strength and denseness than the mortar of the prior art. is there. Therefore, the weakening of the structure (decrease in fracture strength) and the decrease in adhesive strength are greatly suppressed.
- the temperature is 1000 ° C. or higher and 1500 ° C. (molten steel temperature) or lower.
- the heat in a non-oxidizing atmosphere is deformed by softening, and the stress is relieved by them to prevent breakage of the continuous casting nozzle.
- the shape as an aggregate constituting the refractory skeleton of the intermediate layer is maintained.
- the hollow refractory aggregate When the hollow refractory aggregate is broken or softened, the hollow refractory aggregate is deformed by breaking or deforming the wall of only the portion subjected to compressive stress from the surrounding matrix etc. toward the inside of the aggregate particle. Reduce the volume.
- the deformation due to the breakage or softening of the hollow refractory aggregate does not cause a large local deformation in the matrix structure because small particles of the hollow refractory aggregate are dispersed in the tissue, and the conventional high porosity. Unlike the mortar, the matrix structure is not destroyed to such an extent that the shape retention cannot be maintained.
- the hollow refractory aggregate remains in an adhesive state with the surrounding tissue, i.e., without generating voids in the surrounding tissue of the hollow refractory aggregate, and as an aggregate in an refractory structure without destruction. It can exist while maintaining the form.
- the intermediate layer hardly generates pores or spaces on the contact surface with the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer, and receives an external force due to the expansion of the inner hole side layer while maintaining a healthy dense structure. The adhesion between the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer can always be maintained.
- the refractory for the intermediate layer of the present invention is a single metal or alloy of Al, Si, Mg as a balance other than the hollow refractory aggregate of 10 volume% or more and 75 volume% or less in the total amount of the balance. 1 type or multiple types (specific metal) of these is converted into only those metal components, and 0.5 mass% or more and 15 mass% or less in total, and carbon contains 2 mass% or more and 99.5 mass% or less.
- composition of the hollow refractory aggregate in the present invention volatile matter and combustible materials in a non-oxidizing atmosphere are not included. Specifically, a sample after heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere of about 600 ° C. to 800 ° C. is used as a reference.
- the specific metal and carbon are dispersed and coexisted in the remainder, so that in addition to carbon bonds derived from resins etc. used for the purpose of bonding between ordinary constituent materials of refractory or shape retention.
- the strength and adhesiveness of the intermediate layer as a refractory at a temperature lower than about 800 ° C. are primarily borne by carbon bonds derived from the resin or the like.
- a high temperature of about 800 ° C. or higher, particularly about 1000 ° C. or higher carbides produced by the reaction of specific metals with carbon, and the connective structure of oxides produced by the above deposits are added to carbon bonds derived from resins, etc. To strengthen the bond.
- the structure of the matrix structure other than the hollow refractory aggregate is not significantly damaged even if the hollow refractory aggregate is reduced due to destruction or deformation.
- the recombination tissue is formed, and the connective tissue of the matrix of the intermediate layer itself is regenerated or strengthened. This also contributes to an improvement in adhesive strength between the layer and the outer peripheral side layer. As a result, the adhesive strength is improved without decreasing at a high temperature of about 1000 ° C. or higher.
- the effect of the present invention by such a hollow refractory aggregate, a specific metal and carbon, etc. can be provided with a large or large size space before the start of receiving steel, and only has bonds derived from the initial resin. This is an advantage that is decisively different from the prior art such as mortar in a form that promotes the destruction of the tissue with shrinkage.
- the intermediate layer is 0.01 MPa or more between the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer and in a non-oxidizing atmosphere of 1000 ° C. or more and 1500 ° C. (molten steel temperature) or less. It is preferable to have an adhesive strength of 1.5 MPa or less.
- middle layer itself has the intensity
- the adhesive strength is less than 0.01 MPa
- the ability to hold the inner hole side layer is small, so local melting damage occurs in the inner hole side layer due to impact at the start of steel passing, changes in molten steel flow velocity, etc. If you do, there is a possibility of peeling off.
- the adhesive strength exceeds 1.5 MPa
- the intermediate layer internal structure is in a high strength state at the same level as the adhesive strength, and the contractibility of the intermediate layer is impaired. It becomes easy to propagate to an outer peripheral side layer, without thermal expansion being relieved, and it becomes easy to cause the crack of an outer peripheral side layer especially.
- This adhesive strength can be evaluated as the compressive shear strength S.
- the compressive shear strength S is obtained by placing a tubular sample having a three-layer structure in which an inner-hole side layer 2 is embedded in an outer peripheral side layer 3 (4) via an intermediate layer 1 on a table 8. After being uniformly heated and held in between, only the upper surface portion of the inner hole side layer 2 is compressed within the range of the moving speed of the crosshead 9 from 0.001 to 0.1 mm / sec, and the maximum load P (N) The displacement is measured and obtained by the following equation 4.
- S (Pa) P / A Formula 4
- A represents the adhesion area (m 2 ) of the inner hole side layer to the intermediate layer.
- the shape of the sample is not particularly limited as long as it is tubular, and can be cut out from an actual nozzle and measured. However, since the maximum load P increases as the adhesion area A increases, the sample height is preferably within 100 mm.
- the minimum temperature during measurement is 1000 ° C., and the atmosphere is a non-oxidizing atmosphere. 1000 ° C is the temperature at which the volatile components in the organic binder component are sufficiently scattered to complete the carbonaceous connective structure, exhibit stable contractibility and adhesion, and the reaction to deposit of specific metals begins. This is because of the temperature.
- the content of the specific metal exceeds 15% by mass in the balance, the strength and adhesiveness of the intermediate layer will be strengthened, but on the other hand, the structure of the bonded portion by the metal carbide bond is as a refractory. Since the intermediate layer strength of the entire tissue is increased, the contractibility may be impaired, and the required contractibility may be difficult to obtain. In addition, there is a risk that the specific metal melts from the temperature rising process and flows away from the original location in the matrix, and it may be difficult to obtain uniform strength and adhesive strength throughout the layer. Furthermore, partial collapse of the matrix structure, formation of gaps between layers, and the like are also caused, and intrusion of molten steel or the like easily occurs in a space or the like generated thereby.
- the content of the specific metal is less than 0.5% in the remainder, the improvement of the strength of the intermediate layer itself and the improvement of the adhesive strength of 0.01 MPa or more in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 1000 ° C. cannot be obtained or segregated. This is likely to cause destruction of the intermediate layer, peeling of the inner hole side layer, and intrusion of molten steel.
- the specific metals are limited to Al, Si, and Mg components.
- Al and Mg have a high affinity with oxygen, and trap oxygen and have corrosion resistance such as Al 2 O 3 and MgO. This is because Si forms a SiC having excellent strength and corrosion resistance by reacting with carbon in the intermediate layer in a high temperature range of about 1300 ° C. or higher.
- the purity of these specific metals is preferably as high as possible from the viewpoint of reactivity and dispersibility, but may be of low purity as long as the reactivity is not hindered (indicating that each of the specific metal components is the main component) And can be used as long as they are commercially available (industrially produced and generally distributed).
- the particle size of the specific metal is preferably as small as possible from the viewpoint of reactivity and dispersibility.
- the smaller the particle size the greater the risk of handling and the more likely oxidation in the air occurs. Therefore, the lower limit value of the particle size is preferably about 5 ⁇ m, and the upper limit value is preferably about 300 ⁇ m. Since the surface area is suddenly increased at 20 ⁇ m or less, the reactivity is increased, and the dispersibility is further increased, 20 ⁇ m or less is more preferable.
- the carbon component for reacting with the specific metal needs to be 15% by mass or more and 99.5% by mass or less as a proportion of the total amount of the remaining part of the intermediate layer.
- the carbon source it is possible to use various pitches, carbon black, graphite, carbon fibers, and the like, including thermosetting resins such as phenol resins that retain carbon when the temperature rises, and a plurality of these may be combined.
- thermosetting resins such as phenol resins that retain carbon when the temperature rises
- the carbon source includes carbon such as carbon black as small as possible, amorphous carbon derived from a connective tissue, etc. It is preferable that fine carbon ") be included.
- organic adhesives and resins such as vinyl acetate resins, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, and polyester resins can also be used.
- the refractory matrix structure of the intermediate layer includes the above-mentioned fine carbon, which is responsible for basic strength and adhesion, as well as graphite and carbon fibers that form a base material for forming a continuous connective structure and matrix structure skeleton.
- Etc. hereinafter simply referred to as “skeleton base carbon”.
- graphite has a flat crystal shape in addition to its layered crystal structure, so it can obtain a flexible and continuous three-dimensional structure, and carbon fiber can also obtain a similar three-dimensional structure. Since it is possible, it is more preferable.
- the specific ratio of the fine carbon and the skeleton base carbon is the ratio of the 15% by mass or more and 99.5% by mass or less of the total carbon, and the effect of increasing the three-dimensional continuity with a large aspect ratio.
- the proportion of the skeleton base carbon such as graphite or carbon fiber is preferably 70% by mass to 95% by mass. If it is less than 70% by mass, the three-dimensional continuity may be lowered and flexibility may be impaired. On the other hand, if the amount is more than 95% by mass, local damage may occur due to the low adhesive strength.
- the components include the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer. Therefore, it is necessary to select a refractory aggregate mainly composed of components that do not cause low melting or volatilization disappearance at casting temperature.
- the strength of the refractory is reduced to such an extent that the hot adhesive strength is reduced or the compressibility is impaired by excessive sintering. Is not preferable.
- the inside of the refractory is exposed to a strong reducing atmosphere, for example, in a volatile component such as SiO 2 component that does not form a stable mineral with other components, the loss of the carbon component is caused. Since the component itself volatilizes and disappears, it is not preferable.
- the aggregates that can be selected include Al 2 O 3 , MgO, ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 .MgO-based spinel, etc., so that the contact portion between the intermediate layer and the inner hole side layer does not generate a low-melt material.
- these components are appropriately selected according to the material of the inner hole side layer.
- the inner hole side layer is a refractory containing CaO
- a MgO-quality refractory aggregate is suitable
- the inner hole side layer is mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 or MgO.
- Al 2 O 3 , MgO, Al 2 O 3 —MgO-based spinel are preferably Al 2 O 3 , MgO, Al 2 O 3 —MgO-based spinel.
- the MgO purity of the refractory aggregate in such other components is 90% or more, it is also suitable for the case where the inner hole side layer is an Al 2 O 3 system or a ZrO 2 system, Since it can respond
- the particle size of the refractory aggregate constituting such other components is 0.5 mm or less when the lower limit thickness of the intermediate layer is 1 mm in order to improve the dispersibility and the uniformity of the above-described functions in the intermediate layer. It is preferable that
- the case where the corrosion resistance of the intermediate layer is required means that the molten steel or the like is prevented from coming into direct contact with the outer peripheral side layer which is inferior in corrosion resistance when a defect portion of the inner hole side layer occurs due to various actions during operation. This is to prevent this, and in such a case, the intermediate layer itself also has corrosion resistance, wear resistance and the like.
- the refractory for the intermediate layer of the present invention has inner holes such as an immersion nozzle, an open nozzle, a ladle long nozzle, a sliding nozzle (hereinafter referred to as “SN”), an SN upper nozzle, and an SN lower nozzle (also referred to as a collector).
- inner holes such as an immersion nozzle, an open nozzle, a ladle long nozzle, a sliding nozzle (hereinafter referred to as “SN”), an SN upper nozzle, and an SN lower nozzle (also referred to as a collector).
- the material of the inner hole side layer of such a continuous casting nozzle does not need to be particularly limited, and the characteristics required for the continuous casting nozzle according to the operation of each continuous casting, specifically, Refractories containing Al 2 O 3 , MgO, ZrO 2 , etc. having properties suitable for each purpose, such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance of the inner holes, and prevention of inclusions such as Al 2 O 3 in the inner holes (It may contain graphite or other components) can be used as appropriate.
- there is no need to limit the outer peripheral side layer as well and since the outer peripheral side layer is usually a part constituting the main body of the continuous casting nozzle, a general Al 2 O 3 -graphite or mold powder part is used.
- a refractory containing high corrosion-resistant ZrO 2 or the like may be used in part or in whole.
- the use of the refractory for the intermediate layer of the present invention is such that the thermal expansion coefficient of the refractory in the inner hole side layer is the refractory in the outer layer in the inner hole side layer and outer periphery side layer. It is suitable in the case of a combination larger than the thermal expansion coefficient. Even if the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer are the same material and have the same thermal expansion characteristics, the temperature gradient and the thermal shock are naturally large enough to destroy the continuous casting nozzles composed of these refractories. Can be used.
- the present inventors have found that there is a unique condition when a CaO—MgO-based refractory is further disposed as the inner hole side layer.
- the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer are kept fixed, and the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer are A measure was taken to prevent damage to the outer peripheral side layer due to thermal expansion of the inner hole side layer without creating a space for the molten metal to enter.
- the composition of the CaO—MgO refractory disposed as the inner hole side layer was specified. That is, a CaO—MgO system containing a CaO component and a MgO component in a total amount of 80% by mass or more as the inner hole side layer and having a mass ratio of CaO to MgO (CaO / MgO) of 0.2 to 1.5. Place refractory.
- the alumina clogging prevention function is sufficiently exerted by arranging the inner hole side layer that balances the function of maintaining poor adhesion by the CaO component and the function of maintaining corrosion resistance by the MgO component.
- the CaO component reacts with the alumina-based deoxidation product in the steel that is in contact with the inner hole surface by the molten steel flow to generate a CaO—Al 2 O 3 -based low melt at the contact interface. It is possible to easily flow down into the mold by the molten steel flow, and the alumina clogging phenomenon in the nozzle can be prevented.
- the CaO component is increased, the continuous supply of the CaO component from the refractory to the molten steel is performed, so the amount of erosion loss on the refractory side increases and the amount of inclusions in the steel increases to improve the steel quality. Reduce.
- the MgO component is advantageous in terms of resistance to melting because it does not produce a low melt with the alumina component, but the increase in the MgO component is disadvantageous for the alumina clogging phenomenon.
- the mass ratio of CaO / MgO and the total amount of the components (CaO + MgO) are important parameters that affect the erosion resistance and the hard adhesion of alumina.
- the molten steel flow velocity and the alumina content in the steel have an influence on the operational aspect against the erosion resistance and the blocking prevention effect. In general, when the molten steel flow rate is increased, the adhesion is reduced, and a tendency of erosion occurs. As the concentration of alumina in the steel is higher, alumina is more likely to adhere under certain conditions. In short, it is necessary to design a material in a composition range in which adhesion and melting loss are balanced in consideration of such operating conditions and molten steel types.
- the composition of the inner hole side layer was specified as described above. That is, when the mass ratio (CaO / MgO) of the CaO component amount to the MgO component amount is lower than 0.2, a continuous casting from the inner hole side material layer is possible under general casting conditions with a molten steel flow velocity of 5 t / min or less. Therefore, it becomes impossible to supply a CaO component, and it becomes impossible to maintain difficult adhesion. On the other hand, if CaO / MgO is larger than 1.5, the supply of CaO from the inner hole side layer is intense and the amount of erosion of the inner hole side layer itself increases, resulting in an increase in the amount of inclusions in the steel. Furthermore, by making the total amount of the CaO component and the MgO component 80% by mass or more, it becomes possible to balance the corrosion resistance and the melt resistance.
- the balance other than the CaO component and the MgO component is preferably composed of a refractory material other than the CaO component and the MgO component, particularly a carbonaceous refractory material, in order to maintain the balance between the above-described corrosion resistance and fusing resistance (adhesion prevention).
- a carbonaceous refractory material is used for the balance, if the total amount of the CaO component and the MgO component is less than 80%, the amount of the carbon component in the balance increases, so the phenomenon of carbon dissolution in the molten steel becomes significant. There arises a problem that the melt damage of the hole side layer becomes too large, the life is shortened, and the amount of inclusions in the steel is also increased.
- Dolomite clinker synthetic doloma raw material, magnesia raw material, calcia raw material, etc. can be used as the CaO component source and MgO component source of the refractory in the inner hole side layer.
- the CaO component in the calcined dolomite clinker is continuously present in the clinker and is preferable from the viewpoint of continuous supply of CaO.
- the particle size is preferably 0.1 mm to 3 mm. If a large amount of MgO—CaO fine powder finer than 0.1 mm is used, digestion is likely to occur, which causes problems in terms of quality stability and volume stability. If it is larger than 3 mm, segregation phenomenon in terms of the component and particle size of the molded body tends to occur, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of homogeneity.
- the intermediate layer applied to such a CaO—MgO-based inner hole side layer contains 10% by volume to 75% by volume of hollow refractory aggregate after heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 600 ° C.
- the total amount of the remainder is 100% by mass, one or more of Al, Ca, Mg single metals or alloys are converted into only those metal components and 0.5 in total.
- the mass ratio in the inner hole side layer of the CaO content in the inner hole side layer is that containing not less than 15% by mass and not more than 15% by mass, and not less than 2% by mass and not more than 99.5% by mass of carbon.
- a value obtained by dividing the total amount of Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and alkali metal oxide in the intermediate layer by the mass ratio in the intermediate layer is 10 or more.
- the total amount of CaO and MgO components is 80% by mass or more, and the mass ratio of CaO to MgO (CaO / MgO) is 0.2 to 1.5.
- a CaO—Al 2 O 3 —SiO 2 -based reactant is generated particularly in a long-time operation, and the reaction of the inner pore side layer occurs in the reaction.
- the CaO component is consumed, the function of capturing Al 2 O 3 inclusions in the molten steel is reduced, the adhesive part with such an intermediate layer becomes stronger than necessary, and the part is contracted, etc. This is because deformation of the inner hole side layer causes non-uniform tensile stress in the inner hole side layer, and the possibility of causing destruction (cracking) of the inner hole side layer is increased.
- the refractory as other components excluding the above-mentioned hollow refractory aggregate, carbon and specific metals
- the aggregate particles it is preferable to use MgO, Al 2 O 3 —MgO-based spinel aggregate, and the content in other components is 50% by mass or more (including 100% by mass). It is preferable to adjust so that.
- the first reason is to use a combination of materials that hardly cause mutual reactions such as excessive sintering and melting at the boundary between the inner hole side layer and the intermediate layer.
- the inner hole side layer containing a CaO / MgO mass ratio (CaO / MgO) of 0.2 to 1.5 and containing a CaO component and MgO component of 80% by mass or more in total, the content of MgO A magnesia or spinel (spinel containing Al 2 O 3 and MgO) refractory aggregate adjusted to be 80% by mass or more (including 100% by mass) of a refractory aggregate, It is less likely to cause mutual reaction with the refractory in the hole side layer, and is optimal.
- the second reason is that the Al 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —C, Al 2 O 3 —C, ZrO 2 —C, or MgO—C refractories generally used as the outer peripheral layer are used. This is because mutual reactions are unlikely to occur.
- the third reason is that MgO is less likely to react with the glass component, silica component, etc. in the hollow refractory aggregate than other, for example, alumina-silica refractory fine particles. is there.
- the outer peripheral side layer may be any refractory such as Al 2 O 3 —C, ZrO 2 —C, or MgO—C, and Al 2 O contained therein.
- 3 , ZrO 2 , MgO and C are not limited in their respective composition ratios and existence forms.
- the refractory of the present invention is particularly durable by disposing a high-functional layer such as high corrosion resistance and high adhesion prevention on the inner hole side.
- the inner layer of the inner hole side layer caused by the CaO component is more than necessary. Without causing strong adhesion, it is possible to solve the problems that lead to breakage (cracking) of the inner hole side layer, such as dropping or displacement of the inner hole side layer due to insufficient adhesion, and stable for a long time.
- the continuous casting operation can be performed.
- characteristics required for the continuous casting nozzle according to the specific operating conditions of individual continuous casting specifically, for example, wear resistance of the hot water portion
- a variety of refractory materials with characteristics suitable for each purpose, such as the corrosion resistance of the inner holes and the prevention of inclusions such as inclusions of Al 2 O 3 in the inner holes, can be used appropriately for each required part. And their combinations can be greatly expanded. As a result, it can contribute to extending the life of nozzles for continuous casting, improving the quality of steel, stable operation, and resource saving.
- the manufacturing method of the refractory of this invention is shown.
- the refractory material of the present invention itself includes a hollow refractory aggregate, carbon, a specific metal, and other constituents
- the refractory material particles constituting the constituents are mixed, and the mixture includes organic materials such as phenol resin and vinyl acetate.
- Forming a binder having such a strength as to give a cohesiveness or adhesiveness between grains by making the admixture wet, such as a resin based resin, and having a shape-retaining property as a molded product after curing Then, an appropriate amount necessary for shape retention is added and kneaded to obtain a kneaded product.
- the kneaded product is poured into a space provided in advance, filled and molded by an appropriate method such as blowing, and dried at an appropriate temperature of about 110 ° C. to 600 ° C. according to the properties of the binder, It can be obtained by heat treatment such as baking. Details will be described below.
- the carbonaceous particles, oxide particles, and metal particles derived from scaly graphite, earthy graphite, carbon black, pitch, resin, etc. in the total amount other than the hollow refractory aggregate As a single metal or an alloy (specific metal) of Al, Si, Mg, converted into only those metal components, a total of 0.5 to 15% by mass, and 2% of carbon % And 99.5% by mass or less, and the remainder is blended so as to be composed of a refractory aggregate (including zero) other than the specific metal and carbon.
- the particle size of this raw material is such that the maximum particle size of the raw material particle size used is 0.5 mm or less in order to make the compressibility of the refractory in the intermediate layer more uniform and to make it a mortar with excellent coating workability. Is preferred.
- the amount of the hollow refractory aggregate is calculated from the relationship between the thermal expansion coefficient of the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer and the thickness of the refractory material of the intermediate layer, What is necessary is just to determine by adjusting the ratio of a hollow refractory aggregate and another structural raw material.
- the ratio of the constituents such as the hollow refractory aggregate and the remaining refractory aggregate is the mass ratio in the inner hole side layer of the CaO content in the combined inner hole side layer, and the Al 2 O 3 in the intermediate layer.
- the mixing ratio of each raw material may be adjusted so that the value obtained by dividing the total amount of SiO 2 and alkali metal oxide by the mass ratio in the intermediate layer is 10 or more.
- the blend is wetted to give the mixture a cohesiveness or adhesion between grains, such as phenolic resin, vinyl acetate, and other organic resins.
- a binder having a strength sufficient to have a suitable amount for the molding is added in an appropriate amount, and they are kneaded using a mixer such as a mortar mixer to form a mortar shape.
- a mixer such as a mortar mixer to form a mortar shape.
- the amount of the phenolic resin and other organic resin used may be adjusted according to the required workability within a range of about 40 parts by mass or more and 90 parts by mass or less when the powder mixture is 100 parts by mass. .
- the mortar-like admixture is filled into a space previously provided between the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer by an appropriate method such as application, fitting, pouring, or blowing on one or both surfaces. Then, the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer are integrated. And shape retention ability and interlayer fixing ability are expressed by performing heat processing, such as drying and baking, at an appropriate temperature according to the properties of the binder, such as 110 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less.
- Such an intermediate layer refractory is practically used mainly as a part of a continuous casting nozzle structure as described below as a manufacturing process of a continuous casting nozzle structure as described later, as a single unit continuous casting nozzle of a product. Get as a form.
- molding using molds, etc., firing in a dry or non-oxidizing atmosphere, forming as a part of any shape such as a cylinder, etc., and assembling and using as a part of a continuous casting nozzle Is also possible.
- the inner hole side layer is manufactured as a single refractory molded body separately from the continuous casting nozzle body.
- the inner hole side layer only needs to be prepared in advance as a refractory molded body, and the manufacturing method is not particularly limited.
- An example of the case where the inner hole side layer includes a CaO component and an MgO component will be described below.
- a refractory material containing a CaO component and a MgO component for example, a fine powder material of calcined dolomite and a fine powder material of MgO clinker are heat-treated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 600 ° C., and then the CaO component and MgO component in the refractory molded body Is contained in an amount of 80% by mass or more, and the content ratio of each raw material is adjusted so that the mass ratio of CaO to MgO (CaO / MgO) is 0.2 to 1.5.
- These fine powder raw materials are subjected to a heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere such as phenol resin at 600 ° C., and then a binder component having a binding function and a liquid molding aid for obtaining a wet state suitable for molding, etc. In some cases, it can also function as a molding aid) and is mixed uniformly with a mixer to obtain a molding clay.
- a non-oxidizing atmosphere such as phenol resin at 600 ° C.
- the obtained soil is molded with an appropriate molding machine such as CIP (Cold Isostatic Press), hydraulic press, friction press or the like, and dried at a temperature of about 150 ° C. or higher or heat-treated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Thereafter, the outer peripheral surface and the like are processed into a suitable shape for mounting on a nozzle body for continuous casting separately prepared as a single unit by an ordinary general manufacturing method or the like, if necessary. It should be noted that general digestion measures for raw materials and molded articles may be appropriately performed according to individual conditions such as raw materials and production.
- a space having a predetermined thickness as an intermediate layer is formed between the molded body as the inner hole side layer formed in advance as a single unit and the outer peripheral side layer as the continuous casting nozzle body formed in advance as a single unit.
- the space is filled with the refractory material of the present invention to form an intermediate layer, which is a nozzle having a multilayer structure.
- the refractory material of the present invention applied to the intermediate layer has a mud-like irregular shape that can be filled in order to fill a narrow space between the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer.
- a liquid resin is externally applied to 100 parts by mass of powder mixed with a hollow refractory aggregate, a carbon raw material as a solid, and a refractory material as another component.
- An amount of about 40 parts by weight to 90 parts by weight is added and kneaded.
- the refractory for the intermediate layer provided with workability is applied to the outer peripheral surface of the inner hole side layer in which the spacer is installed so that a space with a predetermined intermediate layer thickness can be formed, or the inner hole surface of the outer peripheral side layer.
- the inner hole side layer is inserted inside the outer peripheral side layer (the main body of the nozzle for continuous casting).
- the space between the outer peripheral surface of the inner hole side layer and the inner hole surface of the outer peripheral side layer is equal to the thickness of the refractory layer of the intermediate layer.
- an intermediate layer refractory with improved fluidity is poured into a space of a predetermined thickness provided between the outer peripheral side layer and the inner hole side layer. It can also be filled by such a method.
- the continuous casting nozzle after being filled with the refractory for the intermediate layer is subjected to heat treatment such as drying and firing to cure the refractory for the intermediate layer and fix the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer.
- This curing may be performed at an appropriate temperature according to the characteristics of the binder contained in the refractory material of the intermediate layer, which is about room temperature to 600 ° C.
- a vinyl type when used, it may be dried at about 150 ° C., and when a phenol resin is used, it is preferably 200 ° C. or higher.
- it may be fired in a non-oxidizing atmosphere of about 1000 to 1300 ° C., for example. In this way, the molded body of the continuous casting nozzle of the present invention can be obtained.
- the hollow refractory aggregate used for the refractory for the intermediate layer is not crushed by the external force during installation on the outer peripheral side layer of the inner hole side layer as described above, the thickness of the intermediate layer is reduced by the construction work. Necessary contractibility is not impaired by being excessively small or absorbing the solvent. Furthermore, since this hollow refractory aggregate is formed in a balloon shape, there are few edge parts like crushed grains and it has a rounded outer shape, which improves the fluidity of the refractory in the mud intermediate layer In other words, it is possible to obtain an effect, that is, to reduce the amount of liquid phase to form a dense matrix structure.
- the refractories for the intermediate layer are intended to retain the shape of the intermediate layer itself, impart strength between room temperature and hot during use, and ensure the moldability of the soil.
- the inner hole side layer contains MgO-CaO, especially CaO that exists in a single form (not a solid solution or compound)
- the work caused by the hydration of the CaO component therein In order to prevent the body from collapsing, it is necessary to use a material that does not contain moisture and that does not release moisture during the heating process.
- a binder suitable for such conditions non-aqueous phenol resins, furan resins, tars, melamine resins, epoxy resins, vinyl acetate resins using alcohol as a solvent, and the like can be used.
- the molded body of the nozzle for continuous casting after such processing as filling and heating can be processed in the same manner as the processing steps for a general continuous casting nozzle, such as the outer periphery and other molding processes, and the application of an antioxidant. it can.
- a continuous casting nozzle having an intermediate layer having a shrinkable structure and a continuous structure in which the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer are integrated can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 shows an immersion nozzle as an example of the continuous casting nozzle of the present invention.
- 1 is an intermediate layer
- 2 is an inner hole side layer made of a refractory based on MgO-CaO
- 3 is an alumina-graphite layer that forms the main body of a continuous casting nozzle
- 4 is an outer periphery side.
- 5 is an inner hole
- 6 is a molten steel inflow hole
- 7 is a discharge hole.
- Example A when an external force of 2.5 MPa was applied to the hollow refractory aggregate, the average radius R of the hollow refractory aggregate and the ratio of the average radius R to the average wall thickness t of the grain (R / t) is the result of an experiment investigating the effect of t) on the destruction.
- Table 1 shows the configuration and experimental results of each sample of Example A.
- the sample was selected from those that are generally available on the market and dispersed in water, and then the floating particles were selected, classified, and dried at 110 ° C.
- the composition of the test sample SiO 2 of 70 wt% or more, alkali metal oxides and less than 10 mass% 1 mass% or more in total of alkaline earth metal oxides, Al 2 O 3 of 5 to 20 mass% And a glassy structure.
- the size of the sample is 2.5 ⁇ m (preferred minimum radius), 250 ⁇ m (preferred maximum radius), and 35 ⁇ m between them, and each particle is divided into a group of a plurality of particle groups having different wall thicknesses. Classification was performed to obtain samples having different R / t ratios.
- the test method is as follows.
- the sample 10 is filled into a cylindrical metal container 11 having an inner diameter of 60 mm so as to have an initial height of 10 mm, and a pressurizing machine (upper liner 12). And the lower liner 13) are pressurized to a static pressure of 2.5 MPa, and then the sample 10 in the container 11 is taken out, dispersed in 1 liter of water, floated, and settled. What separated and floated was collect
- the crushing rate (%) is obtained by subtracting the total weight of the floating portion from the total weight of the sample 8 initially filled in the cylindrical metal container 11 (hereinafter referred to as “initial total weight”). A value obtained by dividing the value by the above-mentioned initial total weight was displayed as a percentage.
- the crushing rate of the hollow refractory aggregate is 90% or more, and the requirement for obtaining the required contraction rate It was. Further, in this test method, the fragments of particles broken by pressurization are filled in the spaces between the particles, and the fragments perform a stress distribution function. It can be considered that it becomes difficult to destroy, and some remains without being destroyed. Therefore, it can be determined that particles exhibiting a crushing rate of 90% or higher have the same or higher level of fracture characteristics in the refractory structure.
- Example B is a result of investigating the influence of the volume ratio of the hollow refractory aggregate in the refractory on the shrinkability and the adhesive strength, and the result of conducting a simulation test of molten steel casting by heating the inner hole It is.
- Table 2 shows the configuration of each sample of Example B and the experimental results.
- the hollow refractory aggregate is a powder having the same composition as that used in Example A, a hollow particle having an average radius R of 35 ⁇ m, a wall thickness of 1 ⁇ m, and a crushing rate of 99% at 2.5 MPa.
- the body (Example 3) was used.
- the composition of the remainder excluding the hollow refractory aggregate was the same in all examples.
- the shrinkage rate was measured by the following method. Two test pieces for adhesion having a shape of ⁇ 20 ⁇ 50 mmL, Al 2 O 3 of about 75% by mass, and C of about 25% by mass are manufactured by the same manufacturing method (same molding pressure, The method shown in the means for solving the above-mentioned problems by placing each blended sample in a mortar shape between the planes of the two test specimens for adhesion to each other, by drying, firing, etc.) Then, a measurement sample was molded and dried. For this measurement sample, the contractibility at 1000 ° C. and 1500 ° C. (both in a nitrogen gas atmosphere) was measured.
- the adhesion strength was measured by the following method. Al 2 O 3 is about 55% by mass, C is about 30% by mass, and SiO 2 is about 14% by mass by the same manufacturing method (same molding pressure, drying, firing, etc.) as a normal continuous casting nozzle.
- a refractory material generally used for a continuous casting nozzle body which is a cylinder corresponding to the outer peripheral side layer with an inner diameter of ⁇ 95 ⁇ 100 mmL, MgO is about 49 mass%, CaO is 44 mass%, and C is 4
- a cylinder corresponding to the inner hole side layer having an outer diameter of ⁇ 90 ⁇ 100 mmL is made of dolomite refractory material of mass%, and each blended sample in the form of mortar is placed between these two cylinders with a thickness of 2.5 mm. The sample was dried and a ring-shaped sample for measurement was obtained. With respect to this ring-shaped measurement sample, the adhesive strength at 1000 ° C. and 1500 ° C. (both in a nitrogen gas atmosphere) was measured by the method described with reference to FIG.
- the cylindrical sample for the inner hole heating test was produced by the following method. First, a cylindrical and tubular molded body was molded by CIP. This molded body was subjected to a drying treatment at 200 ° C. and a heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 1000 ° C., and a sleeve made of a dolomite carbon material having an outer diameter of 90 mm, an inner diameter of 70 mm, and a height of 750 mm was manufactured by outer peripheral processing. The thermal expansion amount of the material at 1500 ° C. was 1.32%.
- the sleeve Al 2 O 3 is about 55 wt%, C is from about 30 wt%, the thermal expansion amount at SiO 2 is about 14 wt% of Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -C material (1500 ° C. 0.55 %)
- This refractory for the intermediate layer comprises graphite fine powder, Al—Mg alloy powder, MgO fine powder, pitch powder, and hollow refractory aggregate (hollow glass aggregate) as a contractible source, and is a liquid phenolic resin. Were used as a workability imparting agent and a binder. A 200 ° C. drying treatment was applied to obtain a cylindrical sample for heating the inner hole.
- the inner hole heating test was conducted as follows. From the upper part of the flange part toward the lower part, a combustion gas of propane and oxygen was passed through the inner hole part, and rapid heating was performed from the inner hole part. The cylindrical sample was heated under the condition that the outer surface temperature of the central portion of the cylindrical sample reached 1400 ° C. in 1 hour and held at 1400 ° C. for 1 hour (this rapid heating is relatively severe considering actual operation). Thereafter, the heating was stopped and the mixture was allowed to cool to 300 ° C. or lower. This heat treatment was repeated, and the states of the inner hole side layer and the outer peripheral side layer were observed.
- Example C the effect of the ratio of the specific metal in the refractory material including the hollow refractory aggregate on the contractibility and the adhesive strength was investigated by experiment, and in each case, the molten steel by inner hole heating was used for each example. This is a result of comparison with a casting simulation test.
- Table 3 shows the configuration and experimental results of each sample of Example C.
- the hollow refractory aggregate particles having the same composition and particle size distribution as those used in Example B were used.
- the composition of the remainder other than the hollow refractory aggregate except for the specific metal was the same in all examples, and the amount of the specific metal was added to the composition.
- Example D the effect of the proportion of carbon in the balance other than the hollow refractory aggregate on the compressibility and the adhesive strength was experimentally investigated, and a simulation test of molten steel casting by inner hole heating was performed. It is a result.
- Table 4 shows the configuration and experimental results of each sample of Example D.
- the same composition and particle size distribution as those used in Examples B and C were used.
- the specific metal amount and the phenol resin solution (converted as C remaining after heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at 1000 ° C.) are basically fixed (except for the case where the carbon amount is 99.5% by mass or more).
- the amount of carbon was changed by substituting the fine powder of MgO (MgO purity: 95 mass% to 98 mass%, the same in other examples) with the fine graphite powder.
- Example E shows the results of an experiment investigating the influence of the total amount and mass ratio of CaO and MgO in the refractory for the inner hole side layer on melting loss and adhesion.
- Each sample was immersed in low-carbon aluminum killed steel held at 1550 to 1570 ° C. for 120 minutes, and the thickness of the alumina deposit on the sample surface after pulling and the amount of erosion of the sample itself were measured. For comparison, a common Al 2 O 3 -graphite material was also tested.
- Table 5 shows the configuration of each sample of Example D and the experimental results.
- Examples 30 to 32, 34, 35, 37, and 38 were in a preferable preferable range in which the amount of melt loss and the amount of adhered alumina were balanced.
- Example 28 which is a general AG material, the adhesion of alumina occurred although no melting phenomenon occurred. In this Example 28, there is a possibility that a blocking problem may occur.
- the CaO / MgO ratio was 1.7, and the melting loss was large.
- the CaO / MgO ratio was 0.1, and the alumina adhesion was large.
- the total amount of (CaO + MgO) was 75%, and the amount of erosion loss of the sample increased due to the effect of the carbon amount.
- the physical properties as in Examples 28, 29, 33, 36 and 39 may cause problems in long-time operation.
- the physical properties of the examples are preferable.
- the inner-hole side layer contains a CaO component and a MgO component in a total amount of 80% by mass or more, and the mass ratio of CaO to MgO (CaO / MgO) is 0.2 to 1.5.
- the mass ratio in the inner hole side layer of the CaO content in the inner hole side layer is the mass in the intermediate layer of the total amount of Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and alkali metal oxide in the intermediate layer. It is the result of investigating the influence which the value divided
- Table 6 shows the configuration of each sample of Example F and the experimental results.
- Example 32 in Table 5 containing 16% by mass of CaO component and 79% by mass of MgO component and having a mass ratio of CaO to MgO (CaO / MgO) of 0.2 was used.
- the hollow refractory aggregate particles having the same composition and particle size distribution as those used in Examples B to D were used.
- Al 2 O 3 is mainly obtained by changing the content ratio of the hollow refractory aggregate based on the composition of the remaining portion (matrix) except the hollow refractory aggregate of Example 7. The total amount of SiO 2 and alkali metal oxide was adjusted.
- the mass ratio in the inner hole side layer of the CaO content in the inner hole side layer is the mass of the total amount of Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and alkali metal oxide in the intermediate layer in the intermediate layer.
- the adhesive strength must be 0.1 MPa or more and 1.5 MPa or less. I understand.
- Intermediate layer (a layer made of a refractory for the intermediate layer of the present invention) 2
- Inner hole side layer 3
- Alumina-graphite layer forming the main body of the continuous casting nozzle in the outer peripheral side layer 4
- Zirconia-graphite layer forming the powder part of the continuous casting nozzle in the outer peripheral side layer 5
- Inner hole 6
- Molten steel inflow hole 7
- Discharge hole 8 units
- Crosshead 10
- Container 12 Upper liner (pressurizing jig by lowering) 13
- Lower liner (Jig for pressurization by ascending)
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Abstract
Description
内孔側層と外周側層とは独立した成形体であって、前記内孔側層の成形体は可縮性を有する中間層により外周側層の成形体に固定されており、
中間層と前記内孔側層の成形体及び前記外周側層の成形体との1000℃以上1500℃以下の非酸化性雰囲気の熱間における接着強度が0.01MPa以上1.5MPa以下であり、
かつ、
中間層の可縮率K(%)が、次の式1を満足することを特徴とする連続鋳造用ノズル。
K ≧ (Di×αi-Do×αo)/(2×Tm) … 式1
Di:内孔側層の外径(mm)
Do:外周側層の内径(mm)
Tm:中間層の室温における初期厚み(mm)
αi:内孔側層の耐火物の室温から1500℃までの範囲における最大の熱膨張率(%)
αo:外周側層の耐火物の通鋼開始時の温度における熱膨張率(%)
(請求項6)
前記内孔側層は、CaO成分とMgO成分をその合量で80質量%以上含み、CaOとMgOとの質量比(CaO/MgO)が0.2~1.5であって、
前記内孔側層中のCaO含有量の当該内孔側層における質量割合を、前記中間層中のAl2O3、SiO2及びアルカリ金属酸化物の合量の当該中間層における質量割合で除した値が10以上である請求項6に記載の連続鋳造用ノズル(請求項8)。
である。
K ≧ (Di×αi-Do×αo)/(2×Tm) … 式1
Di:内孔側層の外径(mm)
Do:外周側層の内径(mm)
Tm:中間層の室温における(初期)厚み(mm)
αi:内孔側層の耐火物の室温から1500℃までの範囲における最大の熱膨張率(%)
αo:外周側層の耐火物の通鋼開始時の温度における熱膨張率(%)
K ≧ Di×αi/(2×Tm) … 式2
K = (h1-h2)/t0 ×100 (%) … 式3
またこのR/tは60以下が好ましい。60を超えると、本発明の中間層の施工時やこの中間層を設置した連続鋳造用ノズルのハンドリング等の機械的な衝撃でも中空耐火骨材が破壊して中間層の安定性を損なう可能性が大きくなるからである。
S(Pa)=P/A … 式4
ここで、Aは内孔側層の中間層への接着面積(m2)を表す。
本発明の耐火物自体は、中空耐火骨材、炭素、特定金属、他の構成物を含む場合はその構成物を成す耐火材料粒子を混和し、その混和物にフェノール樹脂、酢酸ビニル系等有機系樹脂等の、前記混和物を湿潤状態にして粒相互の凝集性又は接着性を付与すること及びそれらの硬化後に成形体としての保形性を有する程度の強度を有する結合材を、その成形及び保形に必要な適宜な量を添加して混練して混練物を得る。次にその混練物を、予め設けた空間に流し込み、吹き込み等の適宜な方法で充填して成形し、110℃以上600℃以下程度の、結合材等の特性に応じた適宜の温度で乾燥、焼成等の加熱処理をすることで得ることができる。以下詳細に述べる。
実施例Aは、中空耐火骨材に2.5MPaの外力を加えた場合に、中空耐火骨材の平均半径R、及び平均半径Rとその粒の平均の壁の厚みtとの比(R/t)が、その破壊に及ぼす影響を実験により調査した結果である。
実施例Bは、耐火物中に占める中空耐火骨材の体積割合が、可縮性及び接着強度に及ぼす影響を実験により調査した結果、並びに内孔加熱による溶鋼の鋳造のシミュレーション試験を行った結果である。
実施例Cは、中空耐火骨材を含む耐火物中に占める特定金属の割合が、可縮性及び接着強度に及ぼす影響を実験により調査した結果、並びに併せて各例につき内孔加熱による溶鋼の鋳造のシミュレーション試験との対比を行った結果である。
実施例Dは、中空耐火骨材以外の残部中に占める炭素の割合が、可縮性及び接着強度に及ぼす影響を実験により調査した結果、並びに内孔加熱による溶鋼の鋳造のシミュレーション試験を行った結果である。
実施例Eは、内孔側層用の耐火物中のCaOとMgOの合量及びその質量比が、溶損及び付着に及ぼす影響を実験により調査した結果を示す。
実施例Fは、内孔側層がCaO成分とMgO成分をその合量で80質量%以上含み、CaOとMgOとの質量比(CaO/MgO)が0.2~1.5である連続鋳造用ノズルにおいて、前記内孔側層中のCaO含有量の当該内孔側層における質量割合を、中間層中のAl2O3、SiO2及びアルカリ金属酸化物の合量の当該中間層における質量割合で除した値が、接着強度に及ぼす影響を調査した結果、並びに内孔加熱による溶鋼の鋳造のシミュレーション試験を行った結果である。
2 内孔側層
3 外周側層のうち連続鋳造用ノズルの本体をなすアルミナ-黒鉛質の層
4 外周側層のうち連続鋳造用ノズルのパウダー部をなすジルコニア-黒鉛質の層
5 内孔
6 溶鋼流入孔
7 吐出孔
8 台
9 クロスヘッド
10 供試料(中空耐火骨材)
11 容器
12 上部ライナー(下降による加圧用治具)
13 下部ライナー(上昇による加圧用治具)
Claims (9)
- 粒の平均半径Rと前記粒の平均の壁の厚みtの比がR/t≧10を満たす中空耐火骨材を10体積%以上75体積%以下含む連続鋳造用ノズルの中間層用の耐火物。
- 前記中空耐火骨材が、SiO2を70質量%以上、かつアルカリ金属酸化物及びアルカリ土類金属酸化物を合計で1質量%以上10質量%以下含むガラス質の組織を含む請求項1に記載の連続鋳造用ノズルの中間層用の耐火物。
- 中空耐火骨材以外の残部の総量に占める割合として、Al、Si、Mgの単体金属若しくは合金の1種又は複数種を、それらの金属成分のみに換算して合計で0.5質量%以上15質量%以下、炭素を2質量%以上99.5質量%以下含む請求項1又は請求項2に記載の連続鋳造用ノズルの中間層用の耐火物。
- 2.5MPaの加圧下の可縮率が10%以上80%以下である請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の連続鋳造用ノズルの中間層用の耐火物。
- 1000℃以上1500℃以下の非酸化性雰囲気の熱間において、連続鋳造用ノズルに使用する耐火物と0.01MPa以上1.5MPa以下の接着強度を備える請求項1から請求項4のいずれかに記載の連続鋳造用ノズルの中間層用の耐火物。
- 溶融金属が通過する内孔を軸方向に有する管状の耐火物構造体からなり、この管状の耐火物構造体の一部又は全部の領域で、内孔側層の耐火物の熱膨張がその半径方向外側の外周側層の耐火物の熱膨張よりも大きい連続鋳造用ノズルにおいて、
内孔側層と外周側層とは独立した成形体であって、前記内孔側層の成形体は可縮性を有する中間層により外周側層の成形体に固定されており、
中間層と前記内孔側層の成形体及び前記外周側層の成形体との1000℃以上1500℃以下の非酸化性雰囲気の熱間における接着強度が0.01MPa以上1.5MPa以下であり、
かつ、
中間層の可縮率K(%)が、次の式1を満足することを特徴とする連続鋳造用ノズル。
K ≧ (Di×αi-Do×αo)/(2×Tm) … 式1
Di:内孔側層の外径(mm)
Do:外周側層の内径(mm)
Tm:中間層の室温における初期厚み(mm)
αi:内孔側層の耐火物の室温から1500℃までの範囲における最大の熱膨張率(%)
αo:外周側層の耐火物の通鋼開始時の温度における熱膨張率(%) - 前記中間層として、請求項1から請求項5のいずれかに記載の中間層用の耐火物を使用した請求項6に記載の連続鋳造用ノズル。
- 前記中間層は、粒の平均半径Rと前記粒の平均の壁の厚みtの比がR/t≧10を満たす中空耐火骨材を10体積%以上75体積%以下含み、かつ当該中空耐火骨材以外の残部に占める割合として、Al、Mg、Siの単体金属若しくは合金の1種又は複数種を、それらの金属成分のみに換算して合計で0.5質量%以上15質量%以下、炭素を2質量%以上99.5質量%以下含み、
前記内孔側層は、CaO成分とMgO成分をその合量で80質量%以上含み、CaOとMgOとの質量比(CaO/MgO)が0.2~1.5であって、
前記内孔側層中のCaO含有量の当該内孔側層における質量割合を、前記中間層中のAl2O3、SiO2及びアルカリ金属酸化物の合量の当該中間層における質量割合で除した値が10以上である請求項6に記載の連続鋳造用ノズル。 - 前記中間層の耐火物内の中空耐火骨材が、SiO2を70質量%以上、アルカリ金属酸化物及びアルカリ土類金属酸化物を合計で1質量%以上10質量%以下を含むガラス質の組織を含む請求項8に記載の連続鋳造用ノズル。
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