WO2010000136A1 - 一种合成七氟烷的方法 - Google Patents

一种合成七氟烷的方法 Download PDF

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WO2010000136A1
WO2010000136A1 PCT/CN2009/000750 CN2009000750W WO2010000136A1 WO 2010000136 A1 WO2010000136 A1 WO 2010000136A1 CN 2009000750 W CN2009000750 W CN 2009000750W WO 2010000136 A1 WO2010000136 A1 WO 2010000136A1
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acid
trifluoro
anhydrous aluminum
trifluoromethyl
ethyl ether
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PCT/CN2009/000750
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵志全
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鲁南制药集团股份有限公司
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Priority to EP09771906.6A priority Critical patent/EP2308819B1/en
Priority to US13/001,796 priority patent/US20110105803A1/en
Priority to JP2011515067A priority patent/JP2011526253A/ja
Priority to BRPI0913926A priority patent/BRPI0913926A2/pt
Publication of WO2010000136A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010000136A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C41/00Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C41/01Preparation of ethers
    • C07C41/18Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds
    • C07C41/22Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds by introduction of halogens; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C41/00Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C41/48Preparation of compounds having groups
    • C07C41/50Preparation of compounds having groups by reactions producing groups
    • C07C41/56Preparation of compounds having groups by reactions producing groups by condensation of aldehydes, paraformaldehyde, or ketones
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C43/00Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C43/02Ethers
    • C07C43/03Ethers having all ether-oxygen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C43/04Saturated ethers
    • C07C43/12Saturated ethers containing halogen
    • C07C43/123Saturated ethers containing halogen both carbon chains are substituted by halogen atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C43/00Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C43/30Compounds having groups
    • C07C43/313Compounds having groups containing halogen

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for synthesizing fluoromethyl-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-trifluoropropenyl ether (commonly known as heptafluoroindole).
  • fluorinated ethers have very effective inhalation anesthesia.
  • anesthetics include desflurane (CF3CHFOCHF2), isoflurane (CF3CHC10CHF2), enflurane (C1FCHCF20CHF2), and heptafluoroindole ((CF3)2CHOCH2F).
  • U.S. Patent Nos. 3,683,092 and 3,689,571 disclose the use of sevoflurane as an inhalation anesthetic, and by chloromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-l-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether with an excess of potassium fluoride at 120 ° A method for synthesizing a reaction in which a chloromethyl group is substituted by fluorine in a high boiling point solvent of C.
  • Patent 3,879,502 Methyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-l-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether fluorinated with argon containing 20% fluorine;
  • U.S. Patents 4,250,334 and 4,469,989 Chloromethylation of hexafluoroisopropanol using hydrogen fluoride, formaldehyde and sulfuric acid or other dehydrating agents; and
  • PTC International Application WO 97/25303 hexafluoroisopropanol and bis(fluoromethyl) Ether reaction.
  • German Patent 25 20 962 describes the synthesis of fluoromethyl ether from chloromethyl ether and hydrogen fluoride in the presence of 125-149 and chromium oxyfluoride.
  • Bensoam et al. [Tetrahedron Lett., 1979, 4, 353] describe the synthesis of fluoromethyl ethers by halogen exchange with tetrahydroxyfluorophosphorane.
  • 2,823,969 discloses a process for the preparation of organic fluorides comprising monofluoromethyl ethers by reaction of the corresponding organic chlorides or bromides with a selected hydrofluorinated amine.
  • Hydrofluorinated triethylamine and hydrofluorinated pyridine are specific examples of fluorinating agents used to prepare such organic fluorides, and the yield of fluorides is generally about 40 to 80%.
  • Chinese patent 1244187 improved the process and achieved good results.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,874,901 reports that chloromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-l-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether is reacted with pure potassium fluoride under high temperature and high pressure conditions, but the reaction conversion ratio is higher. low.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,100,434 discloses the use of hexafluoroisopropanol as a starting material to first form chloromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-l-(trifluoromethyl) B in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride and trioxane.
  • a method for preparing heptafluoroindole with a reaction of a metal ether with a metal fluoride in a fluorine-substituted chloromethyl group is referred to benzophenylene glycol.
  • the method has the following technical problems: (1) The first reaction process is a three-phase reaction, and the reaction process is solidified, which is extremely difficult to stir, thereby causing the phenomenon of material charging to occur during the post-treatment, and there is a safety hazard; (2) The reaction product ⁇ chloromethyl 2, 2, 2-trifluoro-l-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether ⁇ is not high in purity and contains many impurities. ,
  • PCT International Application WO2008037039 describes the direct reaction of hexafluoroisopropanol (C 3 H 2 F 6 0, HFIP) with formaldehyde equivalents, strong acids and chlorinating agents to form the heptafluoroindole intermediate chloromethyl 2, 2, Preparation of 2-trifluoro-l-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether.
  • the method has the following technical problems: (1) The conversion rate of hexafluoroisopropanol is low, and the unreacted hexafluoroisopropanol needs to be recovered and purified by adjusting the pH value, thereby increasing the manufacturing cost; (2) the reaction The product contains more impurities and is difficult to purify (such as P3), which ultimately leads to more sevoflurane impurities.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the deficiencies of current sevoflurane synthesis processes, the present invention provides a hexafluoroantimony synthesis process that overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for synthesizing heptafluoroquinone.
  • the synthesis method provided by the invention improves the yield of heptafluororuthenium, reduces the production cost, and simplifies the production process.
  • the present invention provides a method of synthesizing heptafluoroquinone.
  • the method utilizes hexafluoroisopropanol as a raw material, and reacts with trioxane or paraformaldehyde in the presence of an acid to form a dihexafluoroisopropanol formal derivative; the dihexafluoroisopropanol formal derivative is further and The aluminum trihalide is reacted to form halomethyl 2, 2, 2-trifluoro-l-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether, which is then reacted with a metal fluoride to form heptafluoroindole.
  • the method for synthesizing sevoflurane is as follows: b n
  • the reaction process of hexafluoroisopropanol with paraformaldehyde or paraformaldehyde is carried out in an acid environment, and the acid may be a strong acid, preferably sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, pity acid, chlorosulfonic acid or fluorosulfonic acid.
  • the acid may be a strong acid, preferably sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, pity acid, chlorosulfonic acid or fluorosulfonic acid.
  • the bishexafluoroisopropanol formal derivative formed by the reaction of hexafluoroisopropanol with paraformaldehyde or paraformaldehyde is as shown in formula (I):
  • n is a natural number ⁇
  • the main component of the bishexafluoroisopropanol formal derivative prepared by reacting hexafluoroisopropanol with paraformaldehyde or paraformaldehyde is dihexafluoroisopropanol diformal and/or double Hexafluoroisopropanol triformal.
  • the reaction of the dihexafluoroisopropanol formal derivative with the anhydrous aluminum trihalide can be carried out without a solvent or in the presence of a solvent.
  • the solvent to be used is preferably one or more of an ether, an ester or a halogenated hydrocarbon, more preferably one or more of tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform or dichloromethane.
  • the anhydrous aluminum trihalide in the reaction of the dihexafluoroisopropanol formal derivative with the anhydrous aluminum trihalide is anhydrous aluminum trichloride, anhydrous aluminum tribromide or anhydrous aluminum triiodide.
  • X is Cl, Br or I.
  • the activated metal fluoride with a halomethyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-mono-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether in the presence of an activating agent.
  • the activator is preferably ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol or 18-crown-6, more preferably triethylene glycol.
  • the reaction of a halomethyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-l-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether with a metal fluoride can be carried out in the absence of a solvent or in the presence of a solvent.
  • the solvent used is preferably a high boiling inert solvent, more preferably acetamide, sulfolane or N,N-dimethylamide.
  • the metal fluoride in the reaction of halomethyl 2, 2, 2-trifluoro-l-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether with a metal fluoride is preferably potassium fluoride, sodium fluoride or fluorinated. Ammonium.
  • the method for synthesizing heptafluoroindole comprises the steps of: a) condensing a reaction of hexafluoroisopropanol with a solution of paraformaldehyde or paraformaldehyde in the presence of an acid, and having a reaction temperature of 0 r ⁇ 100 ° C, the reaction time is 4 ⁇ 48 hours, after the reaction is stopped, the reaction system is subjected to static stratification to remove the acid, and then the temperature is lowered to -5 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C, crystallization for 1 to 8 hours with stirring, and filtered.
  • the solid retentate is allowed to stand for drying after being dried; the filtrate is unconverted hexafluoroisopropanol, trimeric acid or paraformaldehyde solution, which can be directly reused after filtration.
  • the method for synthesizing heptafluoroindole is as follows: a) a condensation reaction of hexafluoroisopropanol with a solution of paraformaldehyde or paraformaldehyde in the presence of an acid at a reaction temperature of 35 ° C ⁇ 45 ° C., the reaction time is 4 to 6 hours, after the reaction is stopped, the reaction system is subjected to static layering to remove the acid, and then the temperature is lowered to -5 to 0 ° C, and the mixture is crystallized for 4 to 8 hours with stirring, and filtered to obtain a solid.
  • the retentate is allowed to stand for drying; the filtrate is unconverted hexafluoroisopropanol, paraformaldehyde or paraformaldehyde solution, which can be directly reused after filtration.
  • the present invention provides a process for preparing a monohalogenated methyl ether from a hexafluoroisopropanol formal derivative using hexafluoroisopropanol, followed by a process for preparing heptafluoroindole, which has not been described so far.
  • the method has the following advantages: (1) After the reaction, the unreacted hexafluoroisopropanol and polyoxymethylene solution can be directly reused after being filtered, thereby reducing the recovery and purification operation; (2) the intermediate dihexafluoroisopropanol condensation Formaldehyde derivatives are solid, easy to purify, store and transport, and easy to remove low boiling impurities; (3) The whole process is well stirred, easy to operate, non-hazardous, intermediate halomethyl 2, 2, 2-trifluoro-1 - (Trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether has higher purity and higher yield; (4) The method for preparing sevoflurane provided by the invention has low raw material consumption, simplified operation and control, less waste of three wastes, and cost Low, high conversion rate, easy to react and stable.
  • Step 1) Preparation of intermediate: Example 1 336 g of hexafluoroisopropanol, 90 g of paraformaldehyde, and 15 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid were added to the reaction flask, heated to 40 ° C to 45 V with stirring, and reacted for 6 hours, allowed to stand.
  • Example 2 336 g of hexafluoroisopropanol, 90 g of acetal, and 15 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid were placed in a reaction flask, stirred and heated to 35 ° C to 40 ° C for about 4 hours, allowed to stand for separation, concentrated sulfuric acid was removed, and stirred.
  • Example 3 336 g of hexafluoroisopropanol, 90 g of paraformaldehyde, and 45 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid were placed in a reaction flask, stirred and heated to 0 ° C to 5 ° C for 48 hours, allowed to stand for stratification, concentrated hydrochloric acid was removed, and the mixture was cooled to a standstill. At about -5 ° C, crystallization was carried out for 8 hours, and the filtrate was filtered, and the filtrate was 162.9 g. The filtrate was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) to confirm a mixture of hexafluoroisopropanol and trioxane, which was directly filtered as a reaction.
  • GC gas chromatography
  • the stock solution was reused; the solid residue obtained by filtration was dried and weighed to 235.6 g.
  • Example 4 336 g of hexafluoroisopropanol, 90 g of acetal, and 15 ml of concentrated phosphoric acid were added to a reaction flask, and the mixture was heated to 95 ° C to 100 ° C for 4 hours with stirring, and allowed to stand for stratification, removing concentrated phosphoric acid, stirring and cooling to After about 5 ° C, the crystal was decanted for 1 hour, filtered, and the filtrate was 172.7 g. The filtrate was detected by gas chromatography (GC) and confirmed to be a mixture of hexafluoroisopropanol and paraformaldehyde, which can be directly filtered as a reaction solution.
  • GC gas chromatography
  • Example 7 123.6 g of the solid obtained in Example 1 was added to a reaction flask, 100 ml of chloroform was added, dissolved, and anhydrous aluminum tribromide (168.5 g) was added in portions at 0-5 V, and the temperature was maintained at 55 ° C to 60 ° C. The reaction was carried out at °C for 4 hours, cooled to 0 °C, added dropwise with 10% dilute hydrobromic acid (550 ml), and allowed to stand for separation.
  • Example 8 123.6 g of the solid obtained in Example 1 was added to a reaction flask, 100 ml of dichloromethane was added, and after dissolution, anhydrous aluminum triiodide (257.5 g) was added in portions at 0-5 ° C, and the temperature was maintained at 0.
  • Example 9 500.0 g of chloromethyl 2, 2, 2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether, 140.0 g of highly active anhydrous potassium fluoride 500.0 g of acetamide and 60.0 g of triethylene glycol were added to a 100 mL single-mouth bottle with a magnetic stirring and reflux device, heated to 85 Torr, and refluxed for 6 hours. After completion of the reaction, 388.1 g of crude sevoflurane was distilled, yield 84.0. %, purity: 97.8% (GC method).
  • Example 10 388.1 g of the heptafluoroguanidine crude product was added to a rectification apparatus for rectification to obtain 345.8 g of a sevoflurane-qualified product, and the purity was 99.998% (GC method).
  • Example 10 520.0 g of bromomethyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-l-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether, 130.0 g of highly active anhydrous potassium fluoride, 500.0 g of sulfolane and 60.0 g of triethylene glycol were added to a 1000 mL single-mouth bottle with magnetic stirring and reflux device, and the mixture was heated to 85 ° C for 6 hours. After the reaction was completed, 334.4 g of sevoflurane crude product was obtained by distillation.
  • Example 11 620.0 g of iodomethyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-l-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether, 125.0 g of highly active anhydrous potassium fluoride, 500.0 g of hydrazine, hydrazine-dimethylformamide, and 60.0 g of triethylene glycol was added to a 100 mL single-mouth bottle with magnetic stirring and reflux device, heated to 85 ° C, and refluxed for 6 hours. After the reaction was completed, 331.7 g of crude sevoflurane was distilled, yield 82.4%, purity: 98.3% (GC law).

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Description

一种合成七氟烷的方法 技术领域 本发明涉及一种合成氟甲基一 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一 (三氟申基) 乙基醚(俗称七氟 垸) 的方法。 背景技术 近年來己发现, 氟化醚具有十分有效的吸入麻醉性。 这类麻醉剂包括地氟烷 (CF3CHFOCHF2)、 异氟垸 (CF3CHC10CHF2)、 安氟醚 ( C1FCHCF20CHF2 ) 和七氟垸 ( (CF3 ) 2CHOCH2F )。 由于七氟垸的麻醉诱导期和苏醒期均短——这是吸入麻醉剂的 理想特性, 使之它成为一种优良的吸入麻醉剂。 美国专利 3683092与 3689571披露了使用七氟烷作为吸入麻醉剂,及通过氯甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚与过量的氟化钾, 在 120 °C的高沸点溶剂中, 以 氟取代氯甲基的反应的合成方法。 这些专利还公幵了通过六氟异丙醇和硫酸二甲酯与氢 氧化钠溶液的反应, 随后用三氟化溴氟化所得的甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚生产七氟垸的方法。 美国专利 4328376公开了在从类似于美国专利 3689571中所 述方法中产生的副产品烯烃中分离七氟垸的方法。 七氟垸的其他合成路线参见下列的专利出版物: 美国专利 3897502—甲基 2, 2, 2 一三氟一 1一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚用含 20%氟的氩氟化; 美国专利 4250334与 4469898 一利用氟化氢、 甲醛和硫酸或其他脱水剂进行六氟异丙醇的氯甲基化反应; 和 PTC国际 申请 WO 97/25303—六氟异丙醇与双 (氟甲基) 醚反应。
Okazaki等人在氟化学(Fluorine Chem. 1974, 4(4), 387)中描述了一种得到氟甲基醚 的电化学氟化反应。 德国专利25 20 962介绍了在 125 -149 与氟氧化铬存在下, 由氯 甲基醚与氟化氢合成氟甲基醚。 Bensoam等人 [Tetrahedron Lett., 1979, 4, 353]介绍了通 过与四羟基氟正膦的卤交换合成氟甲基醚。德国专利 2823 969公开一种通过相应的有机 氯化物或溴化物与特选的氢氟化胺反应制备包括一氟代甲基醚的有机氟化物的方法。 氢 氟化三乙胺与氢氟化吡啶是用来制备这样的有机氟化物的氟化剂的具体例子, 氟化物的 产率一般约为 40~80%。 中国专利 1244187改进了该工艺, 获得了较好的结果。 另外, 美国专利 4874901报道了在高温与高压的条件下, 氯甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1 一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚与纯氟化钾反应, 但反应转化率较低。 美国专利 6100434报道了使用六氟异丙醇为原料, 在无水三氯化铝及三聚甲醛存在 下首先生成氯甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚, 后者与金属氟化物以氟取 代氯甲基的反应的制备七氟垸的方法。 该法存在下列技术难题: (1 ) 第一歩反应过程为 三相反应, 反应过程中固化, 极难搅拌, 从而造成后处理时易发生冲料现象, 存在安全 隐患; (2 )第一步反应产物{氯甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚 }纯度不高, 杂质较多。 、
PCT国际申请 WO2008037039描述了以六氟异丙醇 (C3H2F60, HFIP) 为原料, 与 甲醛等价物、 强酸和氯化剂直接反应生成七氟垸中间体氯甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一 (三 氟甲基) 乙基醚的制备方法。 该法主要存在下列技术难题: (1 )六氟异丙醇转化率较低, 未反应完全的六氟异丙醇需通过调节 pH值后进行回收、 纯化, 增加了制造成本; (2 ) 反应产物中的杂质较多, 难于纯化 (如其中的 P3 ), 最终导致七氟烷杂质较多。 发明内容 鉴于目前七氟烷合成方法存在的缺陷, 本发明提供一种克服了所述缺陷的七氟垸合 成方法。 本发明的目的在于提供一种七氟垸合成方法。 与现有技术相比较, 本发明提供的合 成方法提高了七氟垸产率、 降低了生产成本、 简化了生产工艺。 本发明提供一种合成七氟垸的方法。 该方法利用六氟异丙醇为原料, 在酸存在下与 三聚甲醛或多聚甲醛反应生成双六氟异丙醇缩甲醛衍生物; 该双六氟异丙醇缩甲醛衍生 物再与无水三卤化铝反应生成卤甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚, 然后与 金属氟化物反应, 生成七氟垸。 在本发明中, 合成七氟烷的方法如下图所示:
Figure imgf000004_0001
b n
Figure imgf000004_0002
在本发明中, 六氟异丙醇与三聚甲醛或多聚甲醛反应过程是在酸环境中进行, 该酸 可为强酸, 优选为硫酸、 盐酸、 憐酸、 氯磺酸、 氟磺酸中的一种或多种。 六氟异丙醇与三聚甲醛或多聚甲醛反应生成的双六氟异丙醇缩甲醛衍生物如式 (I) 所示:
Figure imgf000004_0003
( I) 工 ζ' ( I) 中, n为自然数< 式 (I) 化合物的代表性实例包括 n=2 (即双六氟异丙醇二缩甲醛)、 n=3 (即双六 氟异丙醇三缩甲醛) 等。 在本发明中, 由六氟异丙醇与三聚甲醛或多聚甲醛反应制备出的双六氟异丙醇缩甲 醛衍生物的主要成分是双六氟异丙醇二缩甲醛和 /或双六氟异丙醇三缩甲醛。 在本发明中, 双六氟异丙醇缩甲醛衍生物与无水三卤化铝反应可以没有溶剂或存在 溶剂的条件下进行。 如果存在溶剂, 所使用的溶剂优选为醚、 酯或卤代烃中的一种或几 种, 更优选为四氢呋喃、 乙醚、 乙酸乙酯、 氯仿或二氯甲垸的一种或多种。 在本发明中, 双六氟异丙醇缩甲醛衍生物与无水三卤化铝反应中的无水三卤化铝是 无水三氯化铝、 无水三溴化铝或无水三碘化铝。 在本发明中, 双六氟异丙醇缩甲醛衍生物与无水三卤化铝反应生成的卤甲基 2, 2,
2—三氟 _ 1一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚如式 (II) 所示:
Figure imgf000004_0004
( II ) 式 (II) 中, X为 Cl、 Br或 I。 式(II)化合物的代表性实例包括 X=C1 (即氯甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一(三氟甲基) 乙基醚)、 X=Br (即溴甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1— (三氟甲基) 乙基醚) 和 X=I (即碘甲 基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚)。 在本发明中, 优选在活化剂存在下, 活化金属氟化物与卤甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚反应。 所述活化剂优选为乙二醇、 二甘醇、 三甘醇或 18-冠醚 -6, 更 优选为三甘醇。 在本发明中, 卤甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚与金属氟化物反应可 在没有溶剂或存在溶剂的条件下进行。 如果存在溶剂, 所使用的溶剂优选为高沸点惰性 溶剂, 更优选为乙酰胺、 环丁砜或 N,N-二甲酰胺。 在本发明中, 卤甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚与金属氟化物反应中 的金属氟化物优选为氟化钾、 氟化钠或氟化铵。 在本发明的一个实施方案中, 七氟垸的合成方法包括如下步骤: a)在酸存在下, 六氟异丙醇与三聚甲醛或多聚甲醛溶液发生缩合反应, 反应温 '度为 0r~100°C , 反应时间为 4〜48小时, 反应停止后, 反应体系经静止分层除去酸, 再降温 至 -5°C~5°C, 搅拌下析晶 1~8小时, 过滤, 得到固体截留物, 晾干后备用; 滤液为未转 化完全的六氟异丙醇、 三聚甲酸或多聚甲醛溶液, 经过滤后可直接重复使用。 b) 将 a) 中所得的截留物与无水三卤化铝混合, 0°C~60°C下反应 4〜48小时, 得卤 甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚。 c)在活化剂存在下,活化金属氟化物与 b)中所得的卤甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一(三 氟甲基) 乙基醚反应, 得到七氟垸粗品(按照中国专利 ZL200510071849.9进行操作, 在 此通过引用方式, 将其全文并入本文。), 精馏, 得到纯化的七氟烷。 在本发明的另一个实施方案中, 合成七氟垸的方法步骤如下: a)在酸存在下, 六氟异丙醇与三聚甲醛或多聚甲醛溶液发生缩合反应, 反应温度为 35°C〜45°C., 反应时间为 4〜6小时, 反应停止后, 反应体系经静止分层除去酸, 再降温 至 -5〜0°C , 搅拌下析晶 4〜8小时, 过滤, 得到固体截留物, 晾干后备用; 滤液为未转 化完全的六氟异丙醇、 三聚甲醛或多聚甲醛溶液, 经过滤后可直接重复使用。 b ) 将 a) 中所得的截留物与无水三卤化铝混合, 25 °C〜35 °C下反应 10〜15小时, 得卤甲基 2, 2 , 2—三氟一 1一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚。 c )在活化剂存在下,活化金属氟化物与 b )中所得的卤甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一(三 氟甲基) 乙基醚反应, 得到七氟垸粗品 (按照中国专利 ZL200510071849.9进行操作), 精馏, 得到纯化的七氟烷。 本发明提供的, 使用六氟异丙醇经双六氟异丙醇缩甲醛衍生物制备一卤代甲基醚, 继而制备七氟垸的方法, 是迄今未被介绍过的方法。 该方法具备如下优点: (1 )反应后, 未反应的六氟异丙醇、聚甲醛溶液经过滤后可直接重复使用, 减少了回收纯化操作; (2 ) 中间体双六氟异丙醇缩甲醛衍生物为固体, 易于纯化、 储藏及搬运, 且容易除去低沸点 的杂质; (3 ) 整个工艺搅拌良好, 操作简便, 无危险, 中间体卤甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1 - (三氟甲基) 乙基醚的纯度较高, 收率较高; (4 )本发明所提供的制备七氟烷的方法, 具有原材料消耗低、 操作简化可控、 三废排放少、 成本低、 转化率高、 反应条件易于实. 现等优点, 适合于大规模工业生产。 具体实施方式 下面的实施例可以使本专业技术人员更全面理解本发明, 但不以任何方式限制本发 明。 歩骤 1 ) : 中间体的制备: 实施例 1 将六氟异丙醇 336g、三聚甲醛 90g、浓硫酸 15ml加入反应瓶中,搅拌加热到 40°C〜 45 V, 反应 6小时, 静置分层, 除去浓硫酸, 搅拌降温到 0°C左右, 析晶 4小时, 过滤, 滤液为 149.6g, 该滤液经气相色谱(GC )检测,确认为六氟异丙醇及三聚甲醛的混合物, 可经简单过滤后直接作为反应原液重复使用; 过滤所得截留物固体经干燥, 称重为 255.5g, 经 GC检测, 该截留物中, 双六氟异丙醇三缩甲醛(n=3 )含量为 41 %, 双六氟 异丙醇二缩甲醛 (n=2 ) 含量为 53 %, 双六氟异丙醇一缩甲醛 (n=l ) 含量为 <0.5 %。 实施例 2 将六氟异丙醇 336g、三聚甲醛 90g、浓硫酸 15ml加入反应瓶中,搅拌加热到 35 °C〜 40°C, 反应约 4小时, 静置分层, 除去浓硫酸, 搅拌降温到 0°C左右, 析晶 4小时, 过 滤, 滤液为 178.8g, 该滤液经气相色谱(GC )检测, 确认为六氟异丙醇及三聚甲醛的混 合物, 可经简单过滤后直接作为反应原液重复使用; 过滤所得截留物固体经干燥, 称重 为 250.1g, 经 GC检测, 该截留物中, 双六氟异丙醇三缩甲醛 (n=3 ) 含量为 42%, 双 六氟异丙醇二缩甲醛(n=2)含量为 52%, 双六氟异丙醇一缩甲醛(n=l )含量为 <0.5 %。 实施例 3 将六氟异丙醇 336g、 多聚甲醛 90g、 浓盐酸 45ml加入反应瓶中, 搅拌加热到 0°C〜 5°C反应 48小时, 静置分层, 除去浓盐酸, 搅拌降温到 -5°C左右, 析晶 8小时, 过滤, 滤液为 162.9g, 该滤液经气相色谱(GC)检测,确认为六氟异丙醇及三聚甲醛的混合物, 可经简单过滤后直接作为反应原液重复使用; 过滤所得截留物固体经干燥, 称重为 235.6g, 经 GC检测, 该截留物中, 双六氟异丙醇三缩甲醛(n=3 )含量为 49%, 双六氟 异丙醇二缩甲醛 (n=2) 含量为 44%, 双六氟异丙醇一缩甲醛 (n=l ) 含量为 <0.2%。 实施例 4 将六氟异丙醇 336g、三聚甲醛 90g、浓磷酸 15ml加入反应瓶中,搅拌加热到 95°C〜 100°C反应 4小时, 静置分层, 除去浓磷酸, 搅拌降温到 5°C左右, 析晶 1小时, 过滤, 滤液为 172.7g, 该滤液经气相色谱(GC)检测,确认为六氟异丙醇及三聚甲醛的混合物, 可经简单过滤后直接作为反应原液重复使用; 过滤所得截留物固体经干燥, 称重为 230.7g, 经 GC检测, 该截留物中, 双六氟异丙醇三缩甲醛(n=3 )含量为 38%, 双六氟 异丙醇二缩甲醛 (n=2) 含量为 55%, 双六氟异丙醇一缩甲醛 (n=l ) 含量为 <0.9%。
歩骤 2 ): 中间体的氯甲基化- 实施例 5 取实施例 1所得的 123.6g固体加入反应瓶中, 加热到 40°C~45°C, 固体熔解, 降温 到 20°C~25°C, 分批加入无水三氯化铝 (84.5g), 保温 25°C~30°C反应 10小时, 降温到 0°C左右,滴加 10%稀盐酸 (500ml)处理,静置分层,有机层依次用 5%NaOH水溶液 (100ml X 2)、 水 (100ml X 2)洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 得氯甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一1 _ (三氟甲基) 乙基醚 111.6g, 纯度: 98.7% (GC法)。 取实施例 1所得的 123.6g固体加入反应瓶中, 并加入 100毫升二氯甲烷, 于 0°C下 分批加入无水三氯化铝 (84.5g), 保温 30°C~35°C反应 15小时, 降温到 0°C, 滴加 10% 稀盐酸 (530ml)处理, 静置分层, 有机层依次用 5 %NaOH 水溶液 (100ml X 2)、 水 (100ml X 2)洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 过滤, 将滤液精馏, 除去二氯甲烷得氯甲基 2, 2, 2—三 氟一 1一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚 113.3g, 纯度: 98.1% (GC法)。 实施例 7 将实施例 1所得的 123.6 g固体加入反应瓶中,加入 100毫升氯仿,溶解后于 0-5 V 下分批加入无水三溴化铝 (168.5 g), 保温 55°C~60°C反应 4小时, 降温到 0 °C, 滴加 10%稀氢溴酸 (550 ml)处理, 静置分层, 有机层依次用5%NaOH水溶液(100 ml X 2)、 水 (100 ml X 2)洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 精馏除去氯仿得溴甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一 (三氟 甲基) 乙基醚共 126.6g, 纯度: 98.8% (GC法)。 实施例 8 将实施例 1所得的 123.6 g固体加入反应瓶中, 加入 100毫升二氯甲垸, 溶解后于 0-5 °C下分批加入无水三碘化铝 (257.5 g), 保温 0°C~5°C反应 48小时, 降温到 0 °C, 滴加 10%稀氢碘酸 (600 ml)处理,静置分层,有机层依次用 5%NaOH水溶液 (100 ml X 2)、 水 (100 ml X 2)洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 精馏除去二氯甲烷得碘甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟 _ 1一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚共 146.7 g, 纯度: 98.2% (GC法)。 歩骤 3 ): 七氟烷的制备: 实施例 9 将氯甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟 _ 1— (三氟甲基)乙基醚 500.0g、高活性无水氟化钾 140.0g、 乙酰胺 500.0g和三甘醇 60.0g加入一带有磁力搅拌与回流装置的 lOOOmL单口瓶中, 加 热到 85Ό, 回流反应 6小时, 反应完毕, 蒸馏得 388.1g七氟垸粗产物, 收率 84.0%, 纯 度: 97.8% (GC法)。 将 388.1g七氟垸粗产物加入到精馏装置中进行精馏, 得到七氟烷合格品 345.8g, 纯 度: 99.998% (GC法)。 实施例 10 将溴甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一1一(三氟甲基)乙基醚 520.0g、高活性无水氟化钾 130.0g、 环丁砜 500.0g和三甘醇 60.0g加入一带有磁力搅拌与回流装置的 lOOOmL单口瓶中, 口 热到 85°C, 回流反应 6小时, 反应完毕, 蒸馏得 334.4g七氟烷粗产物, 收率 83.6%, 纯 度: 98.7% (GC法)。 将 334.4g七氟烷粗产物加入到精馏装置中进行精馏, 得到七氟垸合格品 292.9g, 纯 度: 99.997% (GC法)。 实施例 11 将碘甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一(三氟甲基)乙基醚 620.0g、高活性无水氟化钾 125.0g、 Ν,Ν-二甲酰胺 500.0g和三甘醇 60.0g加入一带有磁力搅拌与回流装置的 lOOOmL单口瓶 中,加热到 85°C,回流反应 6小时,反应完毕,蒸馏得 331.7g七氟烷粗产物,收率 82.4%, 纯度: 98.3% (GC法)。 将 331.7g七氟烷粗产物加入到精馏装置中进行精馏, 得到七氟垸合格品 286.1g, 纯 度: 99.997% (GC法)。 本发明所述制备七氟烷的方法产品纯度高, 收率高, 引入杂质易于被出去, 原料回 收提纯工艺简单, 原料消耗量少, 适合于大规模工业生产。 由于已经根据其特殊的实施方案描述了本发明, 某些修饰和等价变化对于精通此领 域的技术人员是显而易见的且包括在本发明的范围内。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种七氟垸的合成方法, 其特征在于该方法包括以下歩骤:
1 ) 在酸的存在下, 六氟异丙醇与三聚甲醛或多聚甲醛溶液发生缩合反应, 制备固体双 六氟异丙醇缩甲醛衍生物;
2) 将所得双六氟异丙醇缩甲醛衍生物中加入无水三卤化铝进行反应,制备卤甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟—1— (三氟甲基) 乙基醚; 和
3 ) 将金属氟化物与 2 )所得卤甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一 (三氟甲基) 乙基醚反应制备七 院。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中步骤 1)所采用的酸为硫酸、 盐酸、 磷酸、 氯磺酸和 氟磺酸中的一种或多种;歩骤 3 )中的金属氟化物是在活化剂的存在下被活化的金属 氟化物。
3. 如权利要求 2所述的方法, 其中歩骤 1)是在 0°C~100°C的温度下进行, 反应时间为 4〜48小时; 步骤 2) 是在 0°C~60°C的温度下进行, 反应时间为 4~48小时。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的方法, 其中步骤 1)反应后, 再降温至 -5°C~5°C并搅拌析晶 1~8 小时。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中步骤 1)所制备得到的双六氟异丙醇缩甲醛衍生物结 构为下式:
Figure imgf000010_0001
其中 n为大于等于 1的整数。
6. 如权利要求 5所述的方法, 其中步骤 1)所制备得到的双六氟异丙醇缩甲醛衍生物的 主要成分是双六氟异丙醇二缩甲醛和 /或双六氟异丙醇三缩甲醛。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中歩骤 2)中双六氟异丙醇缩甲醛衍生物与无水三卤化 铝是在溶剂中进行反应, 所述溶剂为醚、 酯和卤代烃中的一种或几种。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中步骤 2)所采用的无水三卤化铝是无水三氯化铝、 无 水三溴化铝或无水三碘化铝。
9. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中步骤 2)所得的卤甲基 2, 2, 2—三氟一 1一 (三氟甲 基) 乙基醚结构为下式的化合物: CF3
其中, X为 Cl、 Br或 I中的一种。
10. 如权利要求 2所述的方法, 其中步骤 3 ) 中的活化剂为乙二醇、 二甘醇、 三甘醇或 18-冠醚 -6。
1 1. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中歩骤 3 ) 是在高沸点惰性溶剂中进行。
12. 如权利要求 11 所述的方法, 其中所述高沸点惰性溶剂选自乙酰胺、 环丁砜或 Ν,Ν- 二甲酰胺。
13. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中歩骤 3 )中的金属氟化物选自氟化钾、氟化钠或氟化
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CO6341607A2 (es) 2011-11-21
HK1126182A1 (en) 2009-08-28
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