WO2009147859A1 - 燃料電池発電システム、及び燃料電池発電システムの運転方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池発電システム、及び燃料電池発電システムの運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009147859A1 WO2009147859A1 PCT/JP2009/002534 JP2009002534W WO2009147859A1 WO 2009147859 A1 WO2009147859 A1 WO 2009147859A1 JP 2009002534 W JP2009002534 W JP 2009002534W WO 2009147859 A1 WO2009147859 A1 WO 2009147859A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/48—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04425—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1258—Pre-treatment of the feed
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell power generation system including a hydrogen generation device that generates a hydrogen-containing gas from fossil fuel or the like, and an operation method of the fuel cell power generation system.
- Ordinary odorous components such as CH 3 SCH 3 and (CH 3 ) 3 CSH are generally added to city gas and propane gas supplied from existing infrastructure at a volume concentration of about several ppm. Has been. This is to detect a gas leak from the piping of the infrastructure line.
- the sulfur compounds contained as these odorous components are poisoning components of the catalyst used in the hydrogen generator. Therefore, in order to suppress the influence of sulfur poisoning of the catalyst, it is necessary to remove the sulfur compound from the raw material before supplying the raw material such as city gas or propane gas to the hydrogen generator.
- Patent Document 1 proposes that the sulfur compound in the raw material is adsorbed and removed by an adsorption / removal unit using a zeolite-based adsorption / removal agent for the purpose of removing the sulfur compound from the raw material.
- Patent Document 2 by the present applicant describes that a removable adsorption removing unit is applied to a power generation system (fuel cell power generation system) using a fuel cell, and is based on the accumulated passage amount of the raw material gas. It has been proposed to determine the replacement time of the adsorption removal unit.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a method in which a plurality of fuel cell power generation systems installed in each home or facility are networked to determine the replacement timing of the adsorption removal unit.
- raw material containing an organic compound and an odorous component containing at least carbon and hydrogen as constituent elements, such as propane gas and city gas
- adsorption removal unit using an adsorption removal agent.
- the zeolite-based adsorption / removal agent also adsorbs hydrocarbon components in addition to sulfur components (including sulfur compounds) in the raw material.
- the adsorption rate of the hydrocarbon component of a new adsorption / removal agent through which almost no raw material passes is remarkably high.
- the adsorption removal unit hardly adsorbs the hydrocarbon component, so the accumulated flow rate (circulation amount) of the raw material to be passed is large. As it becomes, the adsorption rate of the hydrocarbon component decreases. Therefore, the fuel cell power generation is achieved by maintaining the target flow rate of the raw material against the generated power of the fuel cell set according to the high adsorption rate of the hydrocarbon component at the time of operation immediately after using the new adsorption removal unit (adsorption removal agent).
- the flow rate of the raw material supplied to the hydrogen generator relative to the generated power of the fuel cell becomes excessive with the increase in the integrated amount of the raw material supplied to the adsorption removal unit. That is, with the increase in the integrated amount of raw material supplied to the adsorption removal unit, there is a problem that excessive hydrogen is supplied to the power generated by the fuel cell, resulting in wasted energy.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell power generation system in which an excessive flow rate of the raw material supplied to the hydrogen generator is suppressed.
- a fuel cell power generation system of the present invention is a fuel cell power generation system that generates power using a hydrogen-containing gas generated from a raw material containing a hydrocarbon component and an odorous component, and a raw material supply unit that controls the flow rate of the raw material
- a water supply unit that supplies water, an adsorption removal unit that passes the raw material and adsorbs the odorous component contained in the raw material, a raw material that has passed through the adsorption removal unit, and the water supply unit
- a reformer that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction with supplied water, a fuel cell that generates electric power using the hydrogen-containing gas as a fuel, and the supply supplied from the raw material supply unit to the adsorption removal unit
- An operation control unit configured to reduce the flow rate of the raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit to the adsorption removal unit, which is set with respect to the generated power of the fuel cell as the integrated flow rate of the raw material increases.
- the fuel cell further includes an integrated flow rate measuring unit that measures an integrated flow rate of the raw material, and the operation control unit is configured to increase the cumulative flow rate of the raw material measured by the integrated flow rate measuring unit. The flow rate of the raw material set for the generated power of the battery is reduced.
- the fuel cell further includes an integrated power amount measuring unit that measures the integrated power amount of the fuel cell, and the operation control unit increases the integrated power amount of the fuel cell measured by the integrated power amount measuring unit. Accordingly, the flow rate of the raw material set for the power generated by the fuel cell is decreased.
- the operation control unit gradually decreases the flow rate of the raw material set for the generated power of the fuel cell.
- the amount of decrease in the flow rate of the raw material is determined based on the adsorption characteristics for the hydrocarbon component of the adsorption removal unit.
- the adsorption removing unit may have an adsorption removing agent mainly composed of zeolite.
- the operation method of the fuel cell power generation system of the present invention is an operation method of a fuel cell power generation system that generates power using a hydrogen-containing gas generated from a raw material containing a hydrocarbon component and an odorous component, and the fuel cell power generation
- the system includes a raw material supply unit that controls a flow rate of the raw material, a water supply unit that supplies water, an adsorption removal unit that passes the raw material and adsorbs the odorous component contained in the raw material, and the adsorption A reformer that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction between the raw material that has passed through the removal unit and water supplied from the water supply unit, and a fuel cell that generates electricity using the hydrogen-containing gas as a fuel.
- the raw material supply unit set for the generated power of the fuel cell is supplied to the adsorption removal unit.
- the flow rate of the raw material set for the generated power of the fuel cell is decreased.
- the flow rate of the raw material set for the generated power of the fuel cell is decreased as the integrated power amount of the fuel cell increases.
- the flow rate of the raw material set for the generated power of the fuel cell is decreased stepwise.
- the amount of decrease in the flow rate of the raw material is determined based on the adsorption characteristics for the hydrocarbon component of the adsorption removal unit.
- the flow rate of the raw material supplied to the hydrogen generator is increased as the integrated amount of the raw material supplied to the adsorption removal unit increases. Excessiveness is suppressed and energy saving is improved.
- the present inventors have measured the adsorption characteristics of the hydrocarbon component in the adsorption removal unit, and will explain the method and measurement results.
- the measurement was performed using a new adsorption / removal section filled with a zeolite-based adsorption / desulfurization agent with little contact with the raw material.
- the amount of adsorbing desulfurizing agent filled in the adsorption removing unit was about 400 g (dry weight).
- the city gas 13A supplied from the gas infrastructure line 6 of Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. was used as a raw material which passes an adsorption removal part.
- Table 1 shows the composition of 13A of Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. used in this measurement (see MSDS provided by Osaka Gas Co., Ltd.).
- the adsorption removal unit was installed in the hydrogen generator, and the raw material that passed through the adsorption removal unit was supplied to the reformer of the hydrogen generator.
- a hydrogen-containing gas was generated by a reforming reaction between the raw material and water.
- the generated hydrogen-containing gas was supplied to a fuel cell to generate power.
- the target value of the generated power of the fuel cell was set to 1 kW (at the time of 1 kW power generation), and the above raw material was circulated through the adsorption removal unit at 4 NL / min (0 ° C., 1 atm conversion) at a normal 13 A flow rate.
- flow rate ratio The ratio (hereinafter simply referred to as “flow rate ratio”) was determined.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing a change in flow rate ratio with respect to the flow time or the flow rate (integrated flow rate) of raw materials.
- the flow rate ratio gradually approaches 1 as the integrated flow rate of the raw material circulated through the adsorption removal unit increases. This means that as the integrated flow rate of the raw material increases, the amount of the hydrocarbon component in the raw material adsorbed by the adsorption removal unit decreases. When the integrated flow rate further increases and reaches a predetermined amount, the flow rate ratio becomes approximately 1. This is presumably because the adsorption amount for the hydrocarbon component in the adsorption removal unit was saturated.
- the integrated flow rate required to saturate the adsorption amount for the hydrocarbon component is referred to as “adsorption saturation flow rate”. From this measurement result, it can be seen that the adsorption saturation circulation amount of the adsorption removal unit used here is, for example, about 700 L.
- the raw material (pre-desulfurization raw material sample) N0 before passing through the adsorption removing unit was analyzed. Thereafter, the raw material is passed through the adsorption removal unit at the same flow rate as above, and when the integrated flow rate of the raw material that has passed through the adsorption removal unit reaches 240L, 480L, and 720L, The raw materials (raw material samples after desulfurization) N1, N2 and N3 were analyzed.
- the quantitative analysis of the raw material sample N0 before desulfurization and the raw material samples N1 to N3 after desulfurization was performed using gas chromatography after sampling the raw materials.
- the analysis (qualitative analysis) of the component of these raw material samples was performed by the method similar to the combustible gas component analysis of the city gas generally used, description of the method is abbreviate
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relative concentrations of the hydrocarbon components (methane, ethane, propane and butane) contained in the raw material sample N0 before desulfurization and the raw material samples N1 to N3 after desulfurization.
- the “relative concentration” is a ratio of the concentration of each hydrocarbon component contained in each raw material sample to the concentration of the hydrocarbon component contained in the raw material sample N0 before desulfurization.
- components with 2 or more carbon atoms (ethane, propane, butane) generate a larger amount of hydrogen per volume than methane, so when these components are adsorbed, they contain more hydrogen than the volume reduction rate due to adsorption. Gas generation is reduced.
- the volume of the raw material is reduced by about 4% as described above, but this is reduced by about 10% when converted into the amount of hydrogen gas that can be generated on a volume basis. Therefore, if the generated power is set based on the initial flow rate before the raw material is passed through the adsorption removal unit, the fuel cell generates power, and if the operation is continued with that setting, the amount of hydrogen required for the fuel cell is actually More than the amount of hydrogen gas generated. As a result, it can be seen that the power generation state becomes unstable, or the amount of hydrogen off-gas supplied to the combustion section of the hydrogen generator increases, and more heat is required for the reforming reaction.
- the present invention has been made based on the above-described measurement results and examination results.
- the flow rate of the raw material supplied to the fuel cell power generation system from the outside is required for the generated power of the fuel cell. It is set so that the amount of hydrogen can be obtained.
- the raw material flow rate set for the generated power of the fuel cell is decreased as the integrated flow rate of the raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit to the adsorption removal unit increases. As a result, even when a new adsorption removal unit is used, an optimal amount of hydrogen-containing gas can be reliably supplied from the reformer to the fuel cell in accordance with the generated power.
- a fuel cell power generation system is a system that generates power using a hydrogen-containing gas generated using a raw material containing a hydrocarbon component as a fuel.
- the raw material also includes an odorous component, and an adsorption removing unit is used to remove the odorous component.
- the adsorption removing unit preferably has an adsorption desulfurization agent mainly composed of zeolite. If a zeolite-based adsorptive desulfurization agent is used, it can be desulfurized at room temperature and is easy to handle.
- This fuel cell power generation system includes a raw material supply unit that controls the flow rate of a raw material supplied from the outside, a water supply unit that supplies water, and a reformer that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction between the raw material and water. And a fuel cell.
- a raw material supply unit that controls the flow rate of a raw material supplied from the outside
- a water supply unit that supplies water
- a reformer that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction between the raw material and water.
- a fuel cell a fuel cell.
- the integrated flow rate of the raw material refers to the integrated amount of the raw material supplied to the adsorption removal unit after the supply of the raw material to the new adsorption removal unit is started. Therefore, even if the system is repeatedly stopped and restarted, as long as the same adsorption removal unit is used, the integrated flow rate is not reset but is added.
- the “raw material flow rate” set for the generated power of the fuel cell is appropriately set according to the target value of the generated power. For example, when the target value of generated power is 1 kW (also simply referred to as “1 kW power generation”), the raw material flow rate (for example, 4 NL / min) necessary to obtain an output of 1 kW, and the amount of hydrogen generated by the hydrogen generator It is set based on the power generated by the fuel cell.
- the adsorption removal unit when operating with a new adsorption removal unit, a certain period after the start of supply of raw materials to the adsorption desulfurization unit, that is, the adsorption removal unit has a non-negligible amount other than odorous components.
- the flow rate of the raw material that passes through the adsorption removal unit is decreased with the increase in the integrated flow rate of the raw material after starting the supply of the raw material from the raw material supply unit to the adsorptive desulfurization unit.
- the raw material flow rate is adjusted to an initial value set in advance according to the generated electric power, and then the raw material flow rate set for the generated electric power is reduced as the integrated flow rate of the raw material increases.
- the operation performed while reducing the target value of the raw material flow rate with respect to the generated power of the fuel cell is continued until the integrated flow rate of the raw material supplied to the adsorption removal unit reaches a preset amount (predetermined integrated flow rate). . After the integrated flow rate of the raw material supplied to the adsorption removal unit reaches a predetermined integrated flow rate, it is not necessary to reduce the raw material flow rate in consideration of the adsorption characteristics for the hydrocarbon component of the adsorption removal unit.
- the raw material corresponding to the adsorption amount can be supplied, so that the hydrogen-containing gas amount necessary for the power generation of the fuel cell can be secured.
- the appropriate amount of hydrogen is contained by reducing the raw material flow rate and stopping the reduction of the raw material flow rate after the adsorption amount is saturated. Since the amount of gas can be supplied to the fuel cell, efficient operation in which energy is effectively used can be performed. Further, it is possible to suppress the increase in the steam carbon ratio and the decrease in the generation amount of the hydrogen-containing gas due to the adsorption of the hydrocarbon component by the adsorption removing unit, so that the reformer can be operated stably. .
- the above-mentioned “predetermined integrated flow rate” is preferably set based on the flow rate of raw material (adsorption saturated flow rate) necessary to saturate the adsorption amount of hydrocarbon components. Since the adsorption saturation circulation amount varies depending on the type and amount of the adsorbent contained in the adsorption removal unit, the adsorption rate for the hydrocarbon component contained in the raw material of the adsorption removal unit to be used can be measured, and can be obtained in advance from the result. .
- the flow rate set for the generated power of the fuel cell with the increase in the integrated flow rate of the raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit to the adsorption removal unit. Is increased from the initial set flow rate.
- the above-mentioned “increase in the integrated raw material flow rate” is directly related to the increase in the integrated raw material flow rate itself, and is correlated (proportional to) the integrated raw material flow rate. ) It includes both cases where it is an indirect meaning indicating an increase in a physical quantity (for example, an accumulated operation time of the fuel cell power generation system, an accumulated power generation amount of the fuel cell, etc.).
- the fuel cell power generation system is operated while measuring the operation time (integrated operation time) of the fuel cell or the integrated power amount of the fuel cell, and the raw material flow rate set for the generated power of the fuel cell based on the measured value
- a motion control unit for adjusting the motion.
- the same adsorption removal unit is used for the operation time (integrated operation time) of the fuel cell power generation system or the integrated power amount of the fuel cell, even if the system is repeatedly stopped and restarted, as in the case of the integrated flow rate of raw materials. As long as this is done, the integrated value is not reset but is added.
- the adsorption characteristic is defined as a change in the adsorption rate with respect to the operation time of the fuel cell power generation system or a change in the adsorption rate with respect to the accumulated power generation amount of the fuel cell.
- the relationship between the operation time, the integrated flow rate, or the integrated power amount and the reduction amount (or rate of decrease) of the raw material flow rate is tabulated based on the adsorption characteristics for the hydrocarbon component of the adsorption removal unit to be used. May be input in advance to the unit.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 includes a reformer 1 that generates a hydrogen-containing gas, a fuel cell 8 that generates power using the hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the reformer 1, and the reformer 1 to the fuel cell 8.
- a hydrogen gas supply path 12 for supplying hydrogen gas, an off-gas path 14 for supplying anode off-gas discharged from the fuel cell 8 to the combustion section 2 of the reformer 1, and a combustion gas supply path 15 are provided.
- the hydrogen gas supply path 12 is provided with a sealing portion 9 that seals the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas from the reformer 1, and the sealing portion 9 is connected to the reformer bypass path 11 and the fuel cell bypass path 13. ing.
- the fuel cell 8 includes a fuel cell air blower 17 that supplies air as an oxygen-containing gas, and a power detection unit 20 that detects the generated power of the fuel cell 8. Since other configurations are the same as those of a general solid polymer fuel cell, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the reformer 1 passes through a hydrocarbon-based raw material containing a sulfur component, and adsorbs and removes the sulfur component contained in the raw material, and the flow rate of the raw material supplied to the adsorption / removal unit 5 (raw material)
- a raw material supply unit 4 for controlling the flow rate) and a water supply unit 3 for supplying water are connected.
- the reformer 1 in the present embodiment is an apparatus that generates a hydrogen-containing gas using the raw material after passing through the adsorption removal unit 5 and the water (reaction is water vapor) supplied from the water supply unit 3. Yes, the reforming reaction of the raw material and steam proceeds, the steam reforming section equipped with a Ru-based catalyst, and the carbon monoxide and steam in the hydrogen-containing gas produced in the steam reforming section are subjected to a shift reaction, From the air supply unit 19 for supplying air to the hydrogen-containing gas after passing through the shift unit, the shift unit including a Cu—Zn-based catalyst for reducing the carbon monoxide concentration of the hydrogen-containing gas, And a selective oxidation section having a Ru-based catalyst that mainly oxidizes and removes carbon monoxide remaining in the hydrogen-containing gas after passing through the shift section using the supplied air.
- the configurations of the steam reforming unit, the shift unit, and the selective oxidation unit are the same as the general configuration, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the reformer 1 is also provided with a combustion unit (for example, a burner) 2 for supplying combustion heat as a heating source for supplying reaction heat necessary for the reforming reaction in the steam reforming unit, and an ignition source for the combustion unit 2.
- a combustion unit for example, a burner
- An igniter (not shown in detail), a flame rod (not shown in detail) for detecting the combustion state of the combustion unit 2, and a combustion fan 18 for supplying fuel air to the combustion unit 2.
- the combustion gas burned in the combustion unit 2 is supplied to the combustion unit 2 through the combustion gas supply path 15.
- the hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reformer 1 is supplied to the fuel cell 8 via the hydrogen gas supply path 12.
- the hydrocarbon-based raw material supplied to the adsorption removing unit 5 may be a raw material containing an organic compound composed of at least carbon and hydrogen such as hydrocarbon, for example, city gas mainly composed of methane, natural gas, LPG or the like.
- a gas infrastructure line 6 of city gas is used as a raw material supply source, and the adsorption removal unit 5 is connected to the gas infrastructure line 6.
- the adsorption removal unit 5 has a shape that can be attached to and detached from the connection unit 7 arranged on the upstream side and the downstream side, and the adsorption amount with respect to the sulfur component of the adsorption removal unit 5 is saturated by use for a certain period of time. Is reduced, it is replaced with a new adsorption removal unit.
- the adsorption / removal unit 5 in the present embodiment is filled with a zeolite-based adsorption / removal agent that adsorbs a sulfur compound, which is an odorous component in city gas.
- the water supply unit 3 in this embodiment has a pump having a flow rate adjusting function.
- the raw material supply unit 4 is disposed in a raw material supply path 10 that connects the adsorption removal unit 5 and the reformer 1, and controls the flow rate of the raw material supplied to the reformer 1 to adsorb from the gas infrastructure line 6.
- the flow rate of the raw material supplied to the removal unit 5 is controlled.
- the raw material supply unit 4 only needs to be able to control the flow rate of the raw material supplied to the adsorption removal unit 5 and may be disposed on the downstream side of the raw material supply unit 4.
- the raw material supply unit 4 has a booster pump, and the flow rate of the raw material supplied to the adsorption removal unit 5 can be adjusted by controlling, for example, input current pulses, input power, and the like.
- the operation control unit 16 is a control unit that controls the operation of the reformer 1 and the power generation operation of the fuel cell 8.
- the supply amount of raw material supplied from the raw material supply unit 4 to the reformer 1 water
- the amount of water supplied from the supply unit 3 to the reformer 1 is controlled.
- the operation control unit 16 stores operation information such as the operation sequence of the reformer 1 and the fuel cell 8 by using a semiconductor memory, a CPU, etc., calculates an appropriate operation condition according to the situation, The operating conditions can be instructed to the configuration required for the operation of the supply unit 3, the raw material supply unit 4, and the like.
- a function for calculating the operation time of the fuel cell 8 a function for calculating the integrated material flow rate from the current pulse, input power and operation time of the material supply unit 4 (function of the integrated flow rate measuring unit), and detection by the power detection unit 20 It has a function of calculating the integrated power amount from the generated power and operating time of the fuel cell.
- the operation control unit 16 may include an input unit for inputting an operation instruction signal for the reformer 1, an exchange signal for the adsorption removal unit 5, and the like.
- the input unit includes a touch panel, and a maintenance contractor or a user may input a driving instruction signal or an exchange signal from the touch panel as necessary.
- you may further provide the replacement signal output part which outputs the replacement
- the exchange signal may be output based on, for example, a signal input to the input unit by the maintenance company of the reformer 1.
- a desulfurization unit replacement detection unit for detecting the replacement of the adsorption removal unit 5 is provided in a mechanism (for example, the connection unit 7) that holds the adsorption removal unit 5, and the desulfurization unit replacement detection unit When the exchange is detected, an exchange signal can be generated by the exchange signal output unit and output to the operation control unit 16.
- a valve or the like installed in the gas flow path of the reformer 1 is appropriately closed, and gas leakage from each gas flow path or the like The operation of checking for the presence or absence of is performed. When there is no gas leak, the reformer 1 is started. In response to a command from the operation control unit 16, the raw material that has passed through the reformer 1 is supplied to the combustion unit 2 and ignited in the combustion unit 2 to start heating.
- the water supply unit 3 is operated to supply water to the reformer 1, and the reforming reaction between water and the raw material is started.
- city gas (13A) mainly composed of methane is used as a raw material.
- the amount of water supplied from the water supply unit 3 is controlled so that water vapor is about 3 moles per 1 mole of carbon atoms in the average molecular formula of the city gas (steam carbon ratio (S / C) is 3). degree).
- S / C steam carbon ratio
- a steam reforming reaction is performed in the steam reforming section, a shift reaction is performed in the shift section, a selective oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide is performed in the selective oxidation section, and the generated hydrogen-containing gas is passed through the hydrogen gas supply path 12.
- the fuel cell 8 is supplied.
- the concentration of carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas is, for example, reduced to about 20 ppm or less in volume concentration (dry gas base) when supplying hydrogen-containing gas to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the operation control unit 16 controls the operation of the raw material supply unit 4 so that the raw material is supplied to the adsorption removal unit 5 at a flow rate set in advance with respect to the amount of hydrogen-containing gas necessary for power generation of the fuel cell 8. Adjust so that. At this time, the operation of the fuel cell air blower 17 is also controlled to supply air necessary for power generation of the fuel cell 8.
- the supply of the raw material and water to the reformer 1 is stopped, and the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas to the fuel cell 8 is stopped.
- the temperature of each catalyst layer of the steam reforming section, the shift section, and the selective oxidation section of the reformer 1 is lowered.
- the raw material is supplied to the reformer 1, and the hydrogen-containing gas staying inside the gas path of the reformer 1 is replaced with the raw material.
- the hydrogen-containing gas substituted from the inside of the reformer 1 is passed through the combustion unit 2 and burned.
- the combustion gas burned in the combustion section 2 includes a fuel cell among the raw material supplied from the gas infrastructure line 6, the hydrogen-containing gas generated in the reformer 1, and the hydrogen-containing gas supplied to the fuel cell 8. Hydrogen off-gas discharged from 8 anodes can be used. Each of these combustion gases is sent to the combustion unit 2 through the combustion gas path 15.
- the raw material flow rate is set in advance with respect to the generated power of the fuel cell 8, and the operation control unit is configured to reduce the raw material flow rate that passes through the adsorption removal unit 5 as the operation time of the fuel cell 8 elapses. 16 controls the operation of the raw material supply unit 4. More specifically, in order to avoid a shortage of hydrogen-containing gas in the fuel cell 8, the necessary raw material flow rate for the generated power of the fuel cell 8 is set in consideration of the amount of raw material adsorbed by the adsorption removal unit 5. Set in advance.
- the operation control unit 16 controls the operation of the raw material supply unit 4 so as to reduce the flow rate of the raw material that passes through the adsorption removal unit 5 in response to the decrease in the amount of adsorption of the hydrocarbon component by the adsorption removal unit 5.
- the adsorption time increases with the passage of the operation time of the fuel cell 8. You may reduce the raw material flow rate which lets the removal part 5 pass. Thereby, the effect similar to the above is acquired.
- the raw material flow rate set in accordance with the generated power of the fuel cell 8 when the first operation is started using the new adsorption removal unit is preset as an initial value.
- the preset value is decreased by being adsorbed by the adsorption removing unit 5 based on the result of obtaining the adsorption characteristic of the adsorption removing unit 5 with respect to the hydrocarbon component by the measurement as described above with reference to FIG.
- it is determined to compensate for the amount of raw material.
- the flow rate of the raw material that passes through the adsorption removal unit 5 is reduced.
- the reduction amount at this time may also be set in advance based on the adsorption characteristics of the adsorption removal unit 5. Good.
- the raw material flow rate at the start of operation is set to 4.8 NL / min.
- the raw material flow rate is decreased from 4.8 NL / min with the passage of the operation time.
- the raw material flow rate is increased by about 10% in order to secure the hydrogen-containing gas necessary for 1 kW power generation from the above measurement results.
- the raw material flow rate at the start of the operation is too much. Therefore, the flow rate is controlled to 4.4 NL / min, which is a flow rate reduced by 10% from the raw material flow rate at the start of operation.
- the total amount of decrease up to the above point may be 10%.
- the amount of the hydrocarbon component adsorbed on the adsorptive desulfurization agent 5 tends to be saturated. That is, after the adsorption removal unit 5 is replaced, when the reformer 1 is operated and the raw material is allowed to flow to the adsorption removal unit 5 for a certain period of time, the adsorption amount of the hydrocarbon component by the adsorption removal unit 5 becomes small. The flow rate of the raw material after passing is stabilized.
- the raw material flow rate is a normal raw material flow rate, for example, 4 NL /
- the operation of decreasing the raw material flow rate that passes through the adsorption removal unit 5 becomes unnecessary (except for the increase / decrease factor of the raw material flow rate other than using the new adsorption removal unit 5).
- the above-mentioned “normal raw material flow rate” is a flow rate set according to a target value of generated power in the power generation operation of the fuel cell power generation system after the adsorption of hydrocarbon components by the adsorption removal unit 5 is saturated. It is.
- the setting example of the raw material flow rate when the integrated flow rate is about 240 L has been described, but similarly, the target value of the generated power immediately after replacement of the adsorption removal unit 5 or when the integrated flow rate is different from about 240 L.
- the value of the raw material flow rate with respect to can also be appropriately set from the measurement result of the raw material adsorption amount in the adsorption removal unit 5.
- the ratio of reducing the raw material flow rate may be set, for example, by setting several cumulative flow rates of raw materials as a guideline, and the raw material flow rate may be decreased at a predetermined rate each time the cumulative flow rate is reached.
- the relationship between the integrated flow rate of the raw material and the amount of adsorption in the adsorption removing unit 5 may be expressed as a function to correspond.
- the zeolite-based adsorptive desulfurization agent used in the adsorptive removal unit 5 is not particularly limited, but the adsorption characteristics with respect to hydrocarbon components in the raw material vary depending on the type. Therefore, when using the adsorption / removal unit 5 with different types of zeolite-based adsorptive desulfurization agents, the adsorption characteristics of the adsorption / removal unit 5 with respect to hydrocarbon components are measured in advance by the same method as described above, for example. It is preferable to control the raw material flow rate based on the obtained adsorption characteristics.
- the raw material flow rate is preferably an amount that completely complements the hydrocarbon component adsorbed by the adsorption removing unit 5, but the amount that is completely complemented may be somewhat different. Even when the production amount of the hydrogen-containing gas slightly deviates from the set value, it may be within a range where the operation of the fuel cell 8 is stably performed, and the raw material flow rate may be determined within such a range.
- the raw material flow rate that passes through the adsorption removal unit for a certain period from the start of operation of the system may be decreased as the cumulative operation time of the fuel cell increases.
- the accumulated operation time may be measured, and the raw material flow rate may be controlled based on the measured value.
- other parameters correlated with the accumulated operation time may be measured.
- the integrated flow rate of the raw material that has passed through the adsorption removal unit 5 may be measured, and the raw material flow rate that passes through the adsorption removal unit may be reduced based on the measured value.
- the integrated flow rate of the raw material supplied to the adsorption removing unit 5 may be measured by installing an integrated flow rate measuring unit including a dry or wet integrated flow meter.
- the operation control unit 16 controls the operation of the integrated flow rate measurement unit so as to start measurement of the integrated flow rate, and when the measured integrated flow rate reaches a preset amount, the raw material flow rate is the raw material at the normal time. It is preferable to control the raw material supply unit 4 so as to obtain a flow rate.
- the integrated flow rate measuring unit may be configured to calculate the integrated flow rate from the raw material flow rate and the operation time.
- the raw material flow rate may be directly measured using a flow meter, or may be estimated from an operation instruction value (input power or input frequency) of the raw material supply unit 4.
- the integrated power amount of the fuel cell 8 may be measured by the integrated power amount measurement unit, and the raw material flow rate that passes through the adsorption removal unit 5 may be reduced based on the measured value of the integrated power amount.
- the power detection unit 20 may detect the generated power of the fuel cell, and the operation control unit may calculate the integrated flow rate from the generated power and the operation time.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of a control pattern of the raw material flow rate in the fuel cell power generation system of the present embodiment, where the horizontal axis is the time (operation time) T from the start of operation of the system, and the vertical axis is the raw material flow rate. Represents. Examples A1 and A2 shown in FIG. 4 show the change over time in the raw material flow rate when the system operation is started for the first time using a new adsorptive desulfurization section.
- start-up period the period until a predetermined generated power (for example, 300 W) is output (0 ⁇ T ⁇ T 0 , hereinafter referred to as “start-up period”), the temperature of the reformer rises. to adjust, thereby suppressing material flow to a 1.
- start-up period a predetermined generated power
- the flow rate is increased to a flow rate b 1 necessary to obtain a target value (for example, 1 kW) of generated power.
- the flow rate b 1 is a value set in advance based on the generated power and the adsorption characteristics of the adsorption removal unit.
- the raw material flow rate is linearly decreased from the flow rate b 1 to b 2 until the operation time T reaches a predetermined time t.
- the raw material flow rate is linearly decreased. However, as in Example A2, the raw material flow rate may be decreased stepwise to the raw material flow rate b2.
- the raw material flow rate is a flow rate a 2 (a 2 ⁇ a 1 ) during the start-up period, After the generated power is output (T ⁇ T 0 ), the flow rate is controlled to be b2.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the control method.
- the ratio of the raw material flow rate to the target value of the generated power is adjusted by sending a command to the raw material supply unit to control the raw material flow rate.
- a new adsorptive desulfurization section is installed and the system is started (step S1).
- a command is sent to the raw material supply unit, and the raw material flow rate M is set to a preset flow rate f (step S2).
- the integrated flow rate measurement unit disposed on the upstream side of the adsorptive desulfurization unit is reset, and measurement of the integrated flow rate of the raw material supplied to the adsorptive desulfurization unit is started (step S3). Note that step S3 may be performed before step S2 or may be performed simultaneously.
- the value of the integrated flow rate measured by the integrated flow rate measuring unit is read (step S4).
- step S4 is executed every 5 minutes, and the ratio x of the amount of decrease in the raw material flow rate with respect to the preset flow rate f is determined from the integrated flow rate value read in step S4 each time (step S5). ), A command is sent to the material supply unit to decrease the material flow rate (step S6). The raw material flow rate at this time is f ⁇ (1 ⁇ x). Thereafter, step S4 is executed again.
- the ratio x is set to be a constant value after the value of the integrated flow rate read in step S4 reaches a predetermined integrated flow rate (a value set based on the adsorption saturation flow rate). .
- the value of the integrated flow rate is read at a predetermined timing, and the rate of decrease in the raw material flow rate is updated based on the value, so that the amount of adsorption of hydrocarbon components in the adsorptive desulfurization section decreases.
- an optimal amount of raw material can be supplied to the reformer.
- the present invention when a new adsorption removal unit is used, it is possible to suppress an excessive increase in the flow rate of the raw material supplied to the hydrogen generator as the integrated amount of the raw material supplied to the adsorption removal unit increases. It is useful as a household fuel cell power generation system.
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Abstract
Description
<燃料電池発電システムの構成>
燃料電池発電システム100は、水素含有ガスを生成させる改質器1と、改質器1から供給された水素含有ガスを用いて発電を行う燃料電池8と、改質器1から燃料電池8へ水素ガスを供給する水素ガス供給経路12と、燃料電池8で排出されるアノードオフガスを改質器1の燃焼部2に供給するオフガス経路14と、燃焼ガス供給経路15とを備えている。水素ガス供給経路12には、改質器1から水素含有ガスの供給を封止する封止部9が設けられ、封止部9は改質器バイパス経路11及び燃料電池バイパス経路13に接続されている。また、複数の電磁弁を組み合わせた構成(詳細説明は省略する)により、水素ガス供給経路12、改質器バイパス経路11から供給されるガスの流通を切り替え機能も有する。燃料電池8は、酸素含有ガスとしての空気を供給する燃料電池空気ブロア17と、燃料電池8の発電電力を検出する電力検出部20を備えている。その他の構成については、一般的な固体高分子型の燃料電池と同様なので、詳細な説明を省略する。
次に、改質器1の通常時の運転動作を説明する。
次に、原料をほとんど通過させていない新しい吸着除去部5を用いる場合の、燃料電池発電システム100の運転方法を説明する。
2 燃焼部
3 水供給部
4 原料供給部
5 吸着除去部
6 ガスインフラライン
7 接続部
8 燃料電池
9 ガス切り替え部
10 原料供給経路
11 改質器バイパス経路
12 水素ガス供給経路
13 燃料電池バイパス経路
14 オフガス経路
15 燃焼ガス供給経路
16 運転制御部
17 燃料電池空気ブロア
18 燃焼ファン
19 空気供給部
20 電力検出部
100 燃料電池発電システム
Claims (11)
- 炭化水素成分および付臭成分を含む原料から生成される水素含有ガスを用いて発電を行う燃料電池発電システムであって、
前記原料の流量を制御する原料供給部と、
水を供給する水供給部と、
前記原料を通過させて、前記原料に含まれる前記付臭成分を吸着する吸着除去部と、
前記吸着除去部を通過させた原料および前記水供給部から供給される水との改質反応により水素含有ガスを生成する改質器と、
前記水素含有ガスを燃料として用いて発電する燃料電池と、
前記原料供給部から前記吸着除去部に供給される前記原料の積算流量の増加に伴って、前記燃料電池の発電電力に対して設定される、前記原料供給部より前記吸着除去部に供給される前記原料の流量を減少させる運転制御部とを備える燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記原料の積算流量を計測する積算流量計測部をさらに備え、
前記運転制御部は、前記積算流量計測部によって計測された前記原料の積算流量の増加に伴って、前記燃料電池の発電電力に対して設定される前記原料の流量を減少させる請求項1に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記燃料電池の積算電力量を計測する積算電力量計測部をさらに備え、
前記運転制御部は、前記積算電力量計測部によって計測された前記燃料電池の積算電力量の増加に伴い、前記燃料電池の発電電力に対して設定される前記原料の流量を減少させる請求項1に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記運転制御部は、前記燃料電池の発電電力に対して設定された前記原料の流量を段階的に減少させる請求項2または3に記載の燃料電池発電システム。
- 前記原料の流量の減少量は、前記吸着除去部の炭化水素成分に対する吸着特性に基づいて定められる請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の燃料電池発電システム。
- 前記吸着除去部は、ゼオライトを主成分とする吸着除去剤を有する請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の燃料電池発電システム。
- 炭化水素成分および付臭成分を含む原料から生成される水素含有ガスを用いて発電を行う燃料電池発電システムの運転方法であって、
前記燃料電池発電システムは、
前記原料の流量を制御する原料供給部と、
水を供給する水供給部と、
前記原料を通過させて、前記原料に含まれる前記付臭成分を吸着する吸着除去部と、
前記吸着除去部を通過させた原料および前記水供給部から供給される水との改質反応により水素含有ガスを生成する改質器と、
前記水素含有ガスを燃料として用いて発電する燃料電池と
を備え、
前記原料供給部から前記吸着除去部に供給される前記原料の積算流量の増加に伴い、前記燃料電池の発電電力に対して設定された、前記原料供給部から前記吸着除去部に供給される前記原料の流量を減少させる燃料電池発電システムの運転方法。 - 前記燃料電池発電システムの運転時間の経過に伴い、前記燃料電池の発電電力に対して設定された前記原料の流量を減少させる、請求項7記載の燃料電池発電システムの運転方法。
- 前記燃料電池の積算電力量の増加に伴い、前記燃料電池の発電電力に対して設定された前記原料の流量を減少させる、請求項7記載の燃料電池発電システムの運転方法。
- 前記燃料電池の発電電力に対して設定された前記原料の流量を段階的に減少させる請求項7から9のいずれかに記載の燃料電池発電システムの運転方法。
- 前記原料の流量の減少量は、前記吸着除去部の炭化水素成分に対する吸着特性に基づいて定められる請求項7から10のいずれかに記載の燃料電池発電システムの運転方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9099709B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 |
US20110229778A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
EP2211413A1 (en) | 2010-07-28 |
EP2211413A4 (en) | 2013-05-01 |
JPWO2009147859A1 (ja) | 2011-10-27 |
JP5276018B2 (ja) | 2013-08-28 |
EP2211413B1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
CN101689667B (zh) | 2012-07-25 |
CN101689667A (zh) | 2010-03-31 |
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