WO2009147834A1 - 石綿を含有する固体廃棄物を無害化する方法 - Google Patents

石綿を含有する固体廃棄物を無害化する方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009147834A1
WO2009147834A1 PCT/JP2009/002461 JP2009002461W WO2009147834A1 WO 2009147834 A1 WO2009147834 A1 WO 2009147834A1 JP 2009002461 W JP2009002461 W JP 2009002461W WO 2009147834 A1 WO2009147834 A1 WO 2009147834A1
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Prior art keywords
asbestos
silicate
waste
heating
alkali
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PCT/JP2009/002461
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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手嶋隆裕
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株式会社トクヤマシルテック
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Priority to CN200980114075.XA priority Critical patent/CN102015135B/zh
Publication of WO2009147834A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009147834A1/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/0066—Disposal of asbestos
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
    • A62D3/36—Detoxification by using acid or alkaline reagents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/40—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by heating to effect chemical change, e.g. pyrolysis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
    • A62D2101/41—Inorganic fibres, e.g. asbestos
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/70—Incinerating particular products or waste
    • F23G2900/7005—Incinerating used asbestos
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for detoxifying solid waste containing asbestos.
  • Asbestos naturally occurring fibrous crystalline mineral that has excellent acid resistance, alkali resistance, heat resistance and mechanical strength, and has been used for many years as a building material, electrical product, automobile, household product, etc. It has been used in a wide range of fields.
  • asbestos has been shown to be harmful to the human body, causing lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma, and in recent years, its use has been totally banned. Accordingly, a large amount of waste containing asbestos (hereinafter also referred to as “asbestos-containing waste”) is generated, and how to treat such waste is a big problem.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a method in which aluminum oxide is added to asbestos-containing waste and fired. In this method, firing is performed at a temperature of about 1280 ° C.
  • Patent Document 2 describes a method of reacting and sintering a mixture of asbestos-containing waste and municipal waste incineration ash. In this case, incineration ash is waste produced by incineration of municipal waste. The main component is Ca, Si, Al, Mg, Na, K, P inorganic components.
  • Patent Document 3 describes a method in which an aqueous solution of sodium silicate or potassium silicate is added to asbestos-containing waste to form a dough, which is dried once, and then fired and sintered.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a detoxification method for detoxifying asbestos-containing waste, which suppresses energy costs in the heat treatment process and provides high safety.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is a method for detoxifying waste containing asbestos, and provides a detoxification method with less attack on furnace materials in heat treatment equipment while maintaining low energy cost and high safety. It is to be.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method for detoxifying waste containing asbestos, which allows for a higher degree of detoxification while maintaining low energy costs and high safety. .
  • the present invention relates to a method for treating asbestos-containing waste, which comprises mixing and heating waste containing asbestos with solid alkali silicate.
  • the present invention is a method for treating asbestos-containing waste by mixing and heating waste containing asbestos with solid alkali silicate, wherein the SiO 2 / M 2 O molar ratio (M Represents an alkali metal).
  • the present invention also relates to a treatment agent for detoxifying waste containing asbestos containing solid alkali silicate.
  • the present invention further relates to a silicate fertilizer produced by mixing and heating a waste containing asbestos and a solid alkali silicate.
  • the present invention also relates to a construction material manufactured by mixing and heating a waste material containing asbestos and a solid alkali silicate.
  • B (b) Sodium silicate with a SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio of 1—heating temperature of 600 ° C., (c) SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio 1 sodium silicate—heating temperature 750 ° C., C: (d) SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio 2 sodium silicate—heating temperature 600 ° C., (e) SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio 2 sodium silicate—heating temperature 750 ° C., (f) SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio 2 sodium silicate—heating temperature 1000 ° C.
  • A shows an electron micrograph (magnification: 500 times) of an asbestos yarn subjected to heat treatment without adding sodium silicate ((a): 600 ° C., (b): 750 ° C., (c): 900 ° C. (D): 1000 ° C.),
  • C Photograph showing the inside of the crucible after heating the asbestos yarn at 1200 ° C. for 1 hour in the crucible.
  • A Electron microscope of the mixture after mixing asbestos yarn with sodium silicate having a water content of 20% by weight (SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio 2) and heating in a crucible at 750 ° C. or 900 ° C.
  • a photograph (magnification: 500 times) is shown ((a) 750 ° C., (b) 900 ° C.).
  • B Electron micrograph of the mixture after mixing asbestos yarn with sodium silicate having a water content of 57% by weight (SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio 2) and heating in a crucible at 900 ° C. for 1 hour. : 500 times).
  • C Photograph showing the inside of a crucible after mixing asbestos yarn with sodium silicate having a water content of 20% by weight (SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio 2) and heating in a crucible at 1200 ° C. for 1 hour. .
  • the asbestos yarn is mixed with sodium silicate having an average particle diameter of 700 ⁇ m or 3.4 mm (both SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio is 2), and heated in a crucible at 900 ° C. for 1 hour.
  • a micrograph (magnification: 500 times) is shown.
  • B Average particle diameter 3.4 mm.
  • the “waste containing asbestos” treated in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a waste containing asbestos, and the above-mentioned “Act on Waste Disposal and Cleaning” and its government are not limited. “Waste asbestos, etc.”, “waste containing asbestos” and “industrial waste containing asbestos” defined in the ministerial ordinance etc. are also included in “waste containing asbestos” of the present invention. Generally, the above-mentioned “waste containing asbestos” is applied to the method of the present invention in a solid form, that is, “solid waste containing asbestos (in this specification,“ asbestos-containing solids ”). Also called “waste”).
  • the above-mentioned asbestos-containing solid waste may contain any component normally classified as asbestos, for example, any component such as chrysotile, amosite, or crocidite.
  • the components other than asbestos in this asbestos-containing solid waste are not particularly limited. For example, if it is building waste, concrete, mortar, various bricks, asphalt, wood, resin, etc. are mixed. However, even if such a component is present, it can be subjected to the detoxification treatment of the present invention without any problem.
  • the asbestos-containing solid waste treated in the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • the asbestos-containing solid waste in the present invention can be collected by any method from the site where the asbestos-containing material was installed, for example, by spraying to prevent asbestos scattering
  • the material may be collected and dismantled by wetting water or the like, and there is no particular limitation on the method for collecting and disassembling asbestos-containing solid waste.
  • the asbestos-containing solid waste in advance in order to facilitate mixing with alkali silicate.
  • the pulverization cost and the like increase accordingly, and the generation of dust tends to occur.
  • the asbestos-containing solid waste can be pulverized using any known pulverizer such as a mill or a crusher. Further, at the time of pulverization, in order to suppress the generation of dust, it can be moistened with water or the like.
  • solid alkali silicate is used as a treating agent for detoxifying solid waste containing asbestos.
  • solid means that solid alkali silicate that is solid at room temperature and normal pressure is used in the form of a solid without changing it into a solution or other phase state, that is, asbestos-containing solid waste is treated. means.
  • the alkali silicate in the present invention either a crystalline alkali silicate or an amorphous alkali silicate can be used.
  • the crystalline alkali silicate is anhydrous or has a water content of about 60% by weight.
  • the amorphous alkali silicate is present in solid form at room temperature and normal pressure when it is anhydrous or has a water content of about 25% by weight or less.
  • Amorphous silicate alkalis and crystalline alkali silicates can be used in appropriate mixture.
  • the detoxification of asbestos-containing waste is promoted using a solid alkali silicate, and since the alkali silicate has a relatively low melting point, the covering effect by the alkali silicate can be obtained even at a lower temperature.
  • the heating temperature can be considerably reduced, and thereby the energy cost can be greatly reduced.
  • the energy cost can be kept low, and the processing operation can be performed safely because there is no fear of a volume increase due to foaming during the heat treatment. Further, by using a solid alkali silicate, it is possible to expect an improvement in storage stability related to the alkali silicate, and a reduction in storage cost and transportation cost.
  • alkali silicates have been conventionally known.
  • any solid alkali silicate can be used without any particular limitation. Examples thereof include the following.
  • Such phyllosilicates are disclosed in EP-B 0 164 514.
  • Preferred phyllosilicates are those wherein M is sodium and x is a value of 2 or 3.
  • beta - and delta - Two both sodium silicate Na 2 Si 2 O 5 ⁇ H 2 O are preferred, wherein, beta - sodium disilicate, for example, a method described in International Patent Application Publication No. 91/08171 Can be obtained by: Beta-sodium disilicate is commercially available under the name TM SKS-7, and sodium delta-disilicate is commercially available under the name TM SKS-6 (Clariant GmbH product).
  • Crystalline phyllosilicate sodium expressed by the formula xNa 2 O * ySiO 2 * zP 2 O 5: Where the x: y ratio is 0.35-0.6, the x: z ratio is 1.75-1200, and the y: z ratio is 4-2800.
  • This type of sodium silicate is described in German Offenlegungsschrift DE-A 196 01 063. These phosphorus-containing phyllosilicates having a high crystallinity and a very high calcium binding ability can also be preferably used in the present invention.
  • M I is an alkali metal
  • E is an element of the fourth main group of the periodic table
  • X is an element of the fifth main group
  • Z is an element of the sixth main group, and Fits to: 0.25 ⁇ a ⁇ 6.25 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ b ⁇ 5.63 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 2.81 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 5.63 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 15.3.
  • a preferred crystalline alkali metal phyllosilicate contains a certain amount of phosphorus, sulfur and / or carbon.
  • Highly alkaline crystalline sodium silicate represented by the formula Na 2 O * xSiO 2 * yH 2 O: Where x is a number from 1.2 to 2.1 and y is a number from 0 to 20.
  • This highly alkaline crystalline sodium silicate consists of layered sodium disilicate in a proportion of 70-98% by weight and the following formula Na 2 O * vSiO 2 * wH 2 O in a proportion of 2-30% by weight. [Wherein v is a number from 0.05 to 2 and w is a number from 0 to 20].
  • a hardly soluble alkali metal silicate comprising an alkali metal phyllosilicate in a finely distributed form in the environment of a non-phyllosilicate alkali metal silicate represented by the formula xM I 2 O ⁇ ySiO 2 : Where M l is an alkali metal and y / x is (1.9 to 500): 1.
  • This alkali metal silicate has the following formula aM I 2 O ⁇ bM II O ⁇ cX 2 O 3 ⁇ dZ 2 O 5 ⁇ eSiO 2 ⁇ fH 2 O [Wherein M I is an alkali metal, M II is an alkaline earth metal, X is an element of the third main group of the periodic table, and Z is an element of the fifth main group, and Fits to: 0.5 ⁇ a ⁇ 1; 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5; 0 ⁇ c / e 0.05; 0 ⁇ d / e ⁇ 0.25; 1.9 ⁇ e ⁇ 4; 0 ⁇ f ⁇ 20] It corresponds to.
  • an alkali silicate represented by the following formula is used among others.
  • M is an alkali metal, preferably sodium and / or potassium
  • a is a real number from 0.5 to 2
  • b is a real number from 0.5 to 3
  • a and b are 0.5 ⁇ b / a ⁇ 5, preferably 1 ⁇ b / a ⁇ 3.5, particularly preferably 1.5 ⁇ b / a ⁇ 2.5
  • n is determined by a, b and M above
  • alkali silicate it is a real number below the upper limit value which can maintain solid at normal temperature and pressure.
  • n is a real number from 0 to 9.
  • b / a in the above formula represents a molar ratio of SiO 2 to M 2 O, that is, a SiO 2 / M 2 O molar ratio (M represents an alkali metal).
  • sodium silicate and potassium silicate which are common alkali silicates, often contain impurities derived from raw materials and production equipment, but in the present invention, commercially available sodium silicate (for example, Japanese silicate) Any sodium silicate or potassium silicate containing the same level of impurities as Koso Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (sodium metasilicate) can be used without any problem.
  • sodium silicate or potassium silicate it is preferable that the component contained other than sodium silicate or potassium silicate is 3% by weight or less on a dry basis.
  • the present inventors further investigated the relationship between the erosion of the furnace material generated during the heat treatment and the asbestos detoxifying action of the alkali silicate, and the SiO 2 / M 2 O molar ratio of the alkali silicate was If it is less than 1, the effect of alkali erosion on the furnace material starts to appear, and on the other hand, when the SiO 2 / M 2 O molar ratio exceeds 3.5, the action of alkali silicate is reduced due to the decrease in alkali content, and asbestos is harmless. I found out that there is a tendency to become inadequate. Therefore, the SiO 2 / M 2 O molar ratio of the alkali silicate is preferably 1 to 3.5.
  • the SiO 2 / M 2 O molar ratio is most preferably 1.5 to 2.5, especially 2 in view of the ability to treat asbestos-containing waste, the effect of coating with alkali silicate and the effect on the heating furnace .
  • the solid alkali silicate in the present invention for example, a powder, granule or pellet can be used. From the viewpoint of easy mixing, it is preferable to use a powdery or granular material.
  • binder means particles having an average particle diameter in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 1 mm
  • granular means particles having an average particle diameter of more than 1 mm and less than 50 mm.
  • the shape is not particularly limited as long as it has a diameter within the above range.
  • the average particle diameter is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 20 mm.
  • larger particles may be easier to handle, but in order to mix more uniformly, those having a small average particle size are advantageous, and therefore average particles of 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm are preferred.
  • those having a diameter for example, those having an average particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m to 1 mm are more preferable.
  • a powdery alkali silicate having an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m to 1 mm when used, the mixing unevenness confirmed after the heat treatment is reduced, and furthermore, a powder having an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, particularly 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
  • the silicate-like alkali when used, the asbestos-containing waste and the alkali silicate react very uniformly, so no mixing unevenness is observed after the heat treatment and the degree of asbestos structure loss may increase. found. Accordingly, it is particularly preferable to use a powdery alkali silicate having an average particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m to 1 mm, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle size of the powdered or granular alkali silicate can be measured by a particle size measuring method using an analytical sieve.
  • Particle size measurement using an analytical sieve can be performed according to a screening test method for chemical products of JIS K0069. Specifically, several sieves are stacked so that the sieve with a large mesh is in the upper stage, and the powder or granules are put into the uppermost stage sieve and vibrated manually or by a machine. Thereafter, the weight distribution of the amount of powder or granules remaining on each sieve is measured to calculate the weight distribution, and the particle diameter when the integrated value of weight% is 50% is expressed as an average particle diameter ( ⁇ m or mm). .
  • a hydrate or anhydride as the alkali silicate (in this specification, an alkali silicate having a moisture content of 1% by weight or less is referred to as “anhydride” and a silicate having a moisture content greater than 1% by weight. Any of the alkalis can be used. It is also confirmed in the present invention that the higher the water content of the alkali silicate used, the more remarkable the melting of asbestos fibers and the accompanying fusion of asbestos fibers, and the further reduction of the harmfulness of waste after heat treatment. It was done.
  • the alkali silicate cannot maintain a solid state if its water content becomes too high.
  • a crystalline alkali silicate usually up to about 60% by weight depending on its chemical composition.
  • an amorphous alkali silicate it changes from a solid to a viscous liquid as the water content increases, but normally the solid form is maintained up to about 25% by weight.
  • an alkali silicate having a water content of 10 to 25% by weight for example, a water content of 15 to 25% by weight, from the viewpoint of energy cost and easy and uniform mixing.
  • a crystalline alkali silicate in that the particles are more difficult to consolidate and have excellent handleability even at the same moisture content.
  • an amorphous alkali silicate and a crystalline alkali silicate may be appropriately mixed and used.
  • the “moisture content” is the ratio of the moisture desorbed by igniting a solid alkali silicate (720 ° C.) to the weight of the silicate alkali (including moisture and contaminants) before ignition.
  • the amount of desorbed water can be determined by measuring by the Karl Fischer measurement method using the water vaporization method defined in JIS K0068 chemical product moisture measurement method.
  • ordinary alkali silicates often contain only moisture as a component that is desorbed under the above-mentioned ignition conditions, in such solid alkali silicates, even if the moisture content is not determined by the Karl Fischer method, The water content can be calculated substantially and simply by measuring the weight change before and after.
  • the measurement method will be described.
  • the moisture content is measured by the Karl Fischer measurement method, an apparatus defined in JIS K0068 is used.
  • a sample generally about 1 g is precisely weighed, and the sample is introduced into a heating furnace (720 ° C.) in which an inert gas containing no moisture (for example, nitrogen, argon, etc.) is flowed at 100 ml / min. Titration is started after 3 minutes, and the water content is calculated from the titration result.
  • an inert gas containing no moisture for example, nitrogen, argon, etc.
  • a sample (generally about 10 g) is precisely weighed in an empty-baked crucible and heated in a heating furnace at 720 degrees for 10 minutes.
  • the weight of the sample after heating is measured to determine the amount of weight loss after heating, and the water content may be determined assuming that all of this weight loss is due to moisture desorption.
  • the asbestos-containing solid waste and the alkali silicate can be mixed by any conventionally known method related to the mixing of the solids.
  • the alkali silicate is powdered or granular
  • the whole powder or granule can be mixed.
  • rotary cylinder type mixer, V type mixer, rocking rotary type mixer, ribbon type mixer, paddle type mixer, rotary saddle type mixer, conical screw type mixer, biaxial planetary stirring type Mixing can be performed using a mixer, a rotating container mixer with a roller, a rotating container mixer with stirring, a rotating disk mixer, or the like.
  • the mixing ratio when mixing the asbestos-containing solid waste and the alkali silicate is appropriately adjusted.
  • the asbestos-containing solid waste contains components other than asbestos
  • the asbestos-containing solid waste can exhibit any of acidic, neutral or basic depending on components other than the asbestos.
  • the alkali silicate reacts with the acid to produce silica, which does not contribute to the melting of the asbestos, so that a larger amount of alkali silicate is required. .
  • the heating temperature is preferably at least 750 ° C. or higher. This is because if the heating temperature is less than 750 ° C., the progress of the reaction may be reduced.
  • the upper limit of the heating temperature only depends on the upper limit of the allowable temperature of the heating furnace to be used, and is not particularly limited. However, if it is too high, the deterioration of heat treatment equipment and energy accompanying an increase in the attack on the furnace furnace material will occur. Generally, for example, it is sufficient to carry out at a temperature of 750 ° C. to 1500 ° C. because there is a concern about an increase in cost.
  • the detoxification of asbestos-containing waste is promoted by alkali silicate, and since the alkali silicate has a relatively low melting point, the covering effect by the alkali silicate can be obtained even at a lower temperature.
  • a sufficient detoxification effect can also be achieved by heat treatment at a temperature of, for example, 750 ° C. to 1100 ° C.
  • the heat treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C., preferably at a temperature of 850 ° C. to 950 ° C. Particularly preferred.
  • the heating time depends on the heating temperature and the type of heating furnace used, in general, sufficient detoxification can be achieved by performing a heat treatment for 1 minute to 100 hours. In many cases, the heat treatment is performed for about 10 minutes to 10 hours.
  • the mixture of asbestos-containing solid waste and alkali silicate is preferably heated in a heating furnace maintained at a high temperature.
  • a heating furnace maintained at a high temperature.
  • Either a direct type or an indirect type can be used as the heating method of the heating furnace, and either fuel or electricity can be used as the heat source.
  • these heating furnaces include hand furnaces, stalker furnaces, fluidized bed furnaces, kiln furnaces, muffle furnaces, solid melting furnaces, and the like.
  • the waste detoxified by the method of the present invention can be subjected to post-treatment and disposal methods similar to general slag that does not contain heavy metals. Moreover, since the main component is a silicate, the application to a silicate fertilizer is also considered.
  • the molten alkali silicate coats the waste containing asbestos, and at the same time, the alkali in the alkali silicate attacks the asbestos, so that the needle-like fiber structure of asbestos harmful to the human body is lost.
  • the detoxification of the waste is achieved.
  • the detoxified components are composed mainly of asbestos and sodium silicate, so they are highly safe and can be safely disposed of. Or, depending on circumstances, it can be effectively used again for construction materials and the like.
  • Example 1 a plurality of examples, comparative examples and reference examples of the present invention including Example 1 are shown, but the present invention is not limited in any way by these examples and is specified by the claims. Needless to say, it is something.
  • Electric furnace KBF-894N manufactured by Koyo Lindberg Co., Ltd.
  • Example 5 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that heating was performed at 750 ° C. (Example 5) or 1200 ° C. (Example 6) instead of heating at 900 ° C. (In the case of heating at 1200 ° C., As the electric heating furnace, an ultra-high temperature electric furnace KB-2030D manufactured by Motoyama Co., Ltd. was used).
  • Examples 7-9 instead of heating at 900 ° C., the same operation as in Example 2 was performed except that heating was performed at 600 ° C. (Example 7), 750 ° C. (Example 8), or 1200 ° C. (Example 9).
  • an oxidation atmosphere ultra-high temperature electric furnace KB-2030D manufactured by Motoyama Co., Ltd. was used as an electric heating furnace.
  • Examples 10-13 Similar to Example 3 except heating at 600 ° C. (Example 10), 750 ° C. (Example 11), 1000 ° C. (Example 12) or 1200 ° C. (Example 13) instead of heating at 900 ° C. The operation was performed (in the case of heating at 1000 ° C. and 1200 ° C., an oxidation atmosphere ultra-high temperature electric furnace KB-2030D manufactured by Motoyama Co., Ltd. was used as an electric heating furnace).
  • Example 14 The same operation as in Example 4 was performed except that heating was performed at 1200 ° C. (Example 14) instead of heating at 900 ° C. (Note that as an electric heating furnace, an ultra-high temperature electric furnace KB-2030D manufactured by Motoyama Co., Ltd.) It was used).
  • Comparative Example 1 0.5 g of asbestos yarn used in Example 1 was put in a crucible having a capacity of 50 ml, and the crucible was covered and charged in an electric heating furnace (Electric furnace KBF-894N manufactured by Koyo Lindberg Co., Ltd.). And heated at 900 ° C. for 1 hour. Then, it stood to cool to room temperature and observed the inside of a crucible visually. As a result, the asbestos yarn in the crucible was slightly shrunk and was in a stiff state. When the crucible contents after the heat treatment were taken out and observed with a scanning electron microscope, the needle-like fiber structure was not lost (FIG. 4-B (c)).
  • Comparative Example 2 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that 1.66 g of an aqueous solution containing 30% sodium silicate having a SiO 2 / M 2 O molar ratio of 2 was used as sodium silicate. When the crucible was charged in an electric furnace and heated, foaming occurred rapidly and the contents overflowed from the crucible, so the test was stopped.
  • Comparative Example 3 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that 0.5 g of anhydrous silicic acid (SiO 2 / M 2 O molar ratio corresponds to infinity) was used as sodium silicate. As in Comparative Example 1, the asbestos yarn in the crucible was slightly shrunk and was in a stiff state. When the asbestos ribbon after the heat treatment was observed with a scanning electron microscope, the needle-like fiber structure was not lost.
  • anhydrous silicic acid SiO 2 / M 2 O molar ratio corresponds to infinity
  • Comparative Examples 4-7 Similar to Comparative Example 1 except heating at 600 ° C. (Comparative Example 4), 750 ° C. (Comparative Example 5), 1000 ° C. (Comparative Example 6) or 1200 ° C. (Comparative Example 7) instead of heating at 900 ° C. The operation was performed (in the case of heating at 1000 ° C. and 1200 ° C., an oxidation atmosphere ultra-high temperature electric furnace KB-2030D manufactured by Motoyama Co., Ltd. was used as an electric heating furnace).
  • Table 2 summarizes the state of asbestos after heat treatment when heat treatment is performed at various temperatures using various alkali silicates.
  • Example 15 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that 0.5 g of powdered sodium silicate JIS-1 (powder obtained by drying water glass and having a water content of 20% by weight) was used as sodium silicate.
  • Example 16 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that 0.5 g of sodium metasilicate ⁇ 9 hydrate (water content: 57% by weight) was used as sodium silicate.
  • Example 17 The same operation as in Example 15 was performed except that heating was performed at 750 ° C. (Example 17) or 1200 ° C. (Example 18) instead of heating at 900 ° C. (In the case of heating at 1200 ° C., As the electric heating furnace, an ultra-high temperature electric furnace KB-2030D manufactured by Motoyama Co., Ltd. was used).
  • Table 3 summarizes the state of asbestos after heating (electron microscope or visual observation results) when heat treatment was performed at various temperatures using alkali silicates having different moisture contents. Examples 3, 11, and 13 have already been described in Table 2, but are also described in Table 3 for easy comparison between the moisture contents.
  • Examples 19 and 20 The same operation as in Example 1 except that 0.5 g of Ecolayer granules (average particle size 700 ⁇ m) (Example 19) or Ecolayer coarse particles (average particle size 3.4 mm) (Example 20) is used as sodium silicate. Went.
  • Electric heating furnace Electric furnace KBF-894N manufactured by Koyo Lindberg Co., Ltd.
  • As the electric heating furnace an ultra-high temperature electric furnace KB-2030D in an oxidizing atmosphere manufactured by Motoyama Co., Ltd. was used.
  • Reference Example 5 Put 5g of fire bricks (chamotte bricks) (diameter 2-10mm) in a 50ml crucible, cover the crucible and put it in an electric heating furnace (Motoyama oxidizing atmosphere ultra high temperature electric furnace KB-2030D) And heated in the electric furnace at 1200 ° C. for 7 hours. Then, it stood to cool to room temperature and observed the state in a crucible visually.
  • an electric heating furnace Motoyama oxidizing atmosphere ultra high temperature electric furnace KB-2030D
  • an electric heating furnace Motoyama oxidizing atmosphere ultra high temperature electric furnace KB- 2030D
  • an electric heating furnace super high temperature electric furnace KB-2030D manufactured by Motoyama
  • Table 5 summarizes the results of visual observation inside the crucible in Reference Examples 1 to 13.

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JP2014237069A (ja) * 2013-06-05 2014-12-18 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 石綿を含む廃棄物の無害化方法
PL422697A1 (pl) * 2017-08-30 2019-03-11 Jerzy Dora Sposób unieszkodliwiania azbestu i/lub materiałów zawierających azbest
KR102046866B1 (ko) * 2018-01-26 2019-11-20 주식회사 모노리스 일메나이트 또는 탄소계 물질을 이용한 석면 함유 물질의 무해화 방법
CN113843257B (zh) * 2021-09-22 2023-06-20 西南科技大学 一种石棉废物的无害化处理方法、无石棉物料及其应用

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JPS62237984A (ja) * 1986-04-08 1987-10-17 Meisei Kogyo Kk 石綿含有物の廃棄処理方法
JPH09110514A (ja) * 1995-10-13 1997-04-28 Ado Ceramics Kenkyusho:Kk 石綿原料焼結体とその製造方法
JP2007131656A (ja) * 2005-11-08 2007-05-31 Clay Baan Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk アスベスト類に対する防塵材及び処理方法
JP2008049211A (ja) * 2006-04-03 2008-03-06 Daiwa Chishitsu Kenkyusho:Kk 廃アスベスト無害化方法、廃アスベスト無害化装置およびオンサイト式廃アスベスト無害化システム
JP2008105011A (ja) * 2006-09-29 2008-05-08 Nichias Corp 石綿含有材料の飛散防止方法、石綿含有材料の廃材処理方法、石綿廃材の溶融処理方法、石綿廃材処理品及び石綿溶融処理品

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JPH10212146A (ja) * 1997-01-24 1998-08-11 Akutoron Group Kk セメント混和剤およびその応用

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JPS62237984A (ja) * 1986-04-08 1987-10-17 Meisei Kogyo Kk 石綿含有物の廃棄処理方法
JPH09110514A (ja) * 1995-10-13 1997-04-28 Ado Ceramics Kenkyusho:Kk 石綿原料焼結体とその製造方法
JP2007131656A (ja) * 2005-11-08 2007-05-31 Clay Baan Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk アスベスト類に対する防塵材及び処理方法
JP2008049211A (ja) * 2006-04-03 2008-03-06 Daiwa Chishitsu Kenkyusho:Kk 廃アスベスト無害化方法、廃アスベスト無害化装置およびオンサイト式廃アスベスト無害化システム
JP2008105011A (ja) * 2006-09-29 2008-05-08 Nichias Corp 石綿含有材料の飛散防止方法、石綿含有材料の廃材処理方法、石綿廃材の溶融処理方法、石綿廃材処理品及び石綿溶融処理品

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