WO2009145191A1 - 忌避剤、刺咬忌避剤、及び節足動物媒介病予防剤 - Google Patents
忌避剤、刺咬忌避剤、及び節足動物媒介病予防剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009145191A1 WO2009145191A1 PCT/JP2009/059609 JP2009059609W WO2009145191A1 WO 2009145191 A1 WO2009145191 A1 WO 2009145191A1 JP 2009059609 W JP2009059609 W JP 2009059609W WO 2009145191 A1 WO2009145191 A1 WO 2009145191A1
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- arthropod
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- repellent
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a repellent, a bite repellent, and an arthropod-borne disease preventive agent, and more specifically, a repellent for preventing arthropods (insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, spiders, etc.), and arthropods TECHNICAL FIELD
- the present invention relates to a bite repellent for preventing bites caused by worms and a preventive for diseases that are transmitted through arthropods.
- Malaria one of the arthropod-borne diseases (insect-borne diseases), is a disease caused by malaria parasites mediated by Anopheles mosquitoes. Although recognition is low in Japan due to the small number of infected people, the WHO (The World World Health Report) estimates that around 300 million to 500 million people will develop in the world every year, with 1.5 to 2.7 million people I'm dead. Until now, regarding malaria, several techniques for preventing or treating infection by taking drugs have been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1). In this way, although malaria can be treated with antimalarial drugs, the fact is that the protozoa causing the disease is becoming ineffective, such as acquiring drug resistance, and the fact is that it is much worse than improved.
- infection of humans with malaria occurs as follows. That is, a mosquito first bites a malaria-infected animal (including a human) and sucks the blood of the infected animal, so that the mosquito body invades and propagates. After a certain period of time (10 to 12 days later), the infected mosquito bites the human, so that the malaria parasite in the mosquito enters the human body and the human is infected with malaria. By creating such an infection ring, the malaria parasite continues to live.
- Mosquitoes insert mouthpieces into the skin and search for blood vessels before sucking animals. This action is technically referred to as “probing” and is simply referred to herein as “bite”. Strictly speaking, “blood sucking” is an action performed after “probing”.
- the present inventors prevent the mosquito from approaching by applying an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide to the skin. Has been found to be able to repel bites by mosquitoes and has led to the present invention.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a drug that prevents arthropods such as mosquitoes from coming close and prevents biting by the arthropods even when approaching them, thereby suppressing microbial infection.
- the characteristic constitution of the repellent according to the present invention is a repellent for keeping arthropods away, and contains chlorine dioxide as an active ingredient.
- the characteristic constitution of the bite repellent according to the present invention is a bite repellent for preventing biting by arthropods, and is characterized by containing chlorine dioxide as an active ingredient.
- This bite repellent can prevent bites by arthropods such as mosquitoes.
- the first characteristic constitution of the arthropod-borne disease preventive agent according to the present invention is a prophylactic agent for arthropod-mediated diseases that are transmitted through the arthropod, and contains chlorine dioxide as an active ingredient. .
- the arthropod-borne disease preventive agent of this configuration can prevent arthropod-mediated diseases such as diseases caused by protozoa and parasites.
- the second characteristic constitution of the arthropod-borne disease preventive agent according to the present invention is that the arthropod-mediated disease is malaria.
- Examples of the vector arthropods in the present invention include insects such as mosquitoes such as Anopheles, Culex, Numaca and Yabuka, flies such as Tsutsue flies, sand flies, flyfish, ab and mekraab, lice and fleas such as coral lice In the case of ticks such as sand turtles, there are ticks, azaleas, and mites.
- arthropod-borne diseases Specific examples of arthropod-borne diseases in the present invention (in parentheses are the main vector arthropods), for example, malaria (Anopheles), filariasis (Anopheles, Culex, Numaca, Yabuca), Dengue fever (Yabuka) , Yellow fever (Yabuka), Japanese encephalitis (Kagataakaeka), West Nile fever (Yeka, Yabuca), leishmaniasis (Butterfly flies), African trypanosoma ⁇ African sleep disease> (Tsuet fly), American trypanosoma ⁇ Chagas disease> Loa filariasis (Abu), barbaric disease (Mekurabu, tick), typhoid fever (cold lice), recurrent fever (cold lice, spider mite), plague (a flea that parasitizes on rats), American trypanosoma ⁇ Chagas disease> (Bull turtle), Lyme disease (Ticks), tsut
- Chlorine dioxide is used as a liquid agent, foam agent, etc. using water or other solvent, for example, as a spray agent.
- sodium chlorite eg 1 to 20%
- phosphate buffer eg 1 to 20%
- a surfactant for example, 0.1 to 5%
- liquefied propane gas or the like may be put in a container as a release agent.
- a chlorine dioxide solution was contained in a conventionally known base material, and prepared into a form such as cream, gel, jelly, emulsion, paste, foam, etc. (For example, ointments, creams, lotions, sprays, liniments, etc.).
- the base material to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is pharmaceutically acceptable, lower alcohol such as ethanol and isopropanol, triethanolamine, water, beeswax, jojoba oil, olive oil, cacao oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, Fats and oils such as avocado oil, camellia oil, peanut oil, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, white petrolatum, liquid paraffin, silicone oil, volatile silicone oil, mineral oil such as petrolatum, lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, etc. And higher fatty acids.
- lower alcohol such as ethanol and isopropanol, triethanolamine
- water beeswax
- jojoba oil olive oil, cacao oil, sesame oil
- soybean oil Fats and oils
- a preparation containing 0.01 ppm to 500 ppm, preferably 0.1 ppm to 250 ppm of chlorine dioxide is used once a day. Or use a suitable amount 2-5 times.
- the final pH of the chlorine dioxide solution is preferably 4.5 to 6.5. If it is out of this range, the storage stability is lowered, the pharmacological activity during storage may vary, and the pharmacological activity after long-term storage such as after 2 years may be weakened.
- a more preferable pH range of the chlorine dioxide solution in the present invention is 5.5 to 6.0.
- Preparation Example 1 (Preparation of aqueous chlorine dioxide solution) A chlorine dioxide solution was prepared as follows. That is, 680 ml of water and 80 ml of a 25% sodium chlorite solution are added to 250 ml of 2000 ppm chlorine dioxide dissolved water and stirred, and then the amount of sodium dihydrogen phosphate is adjusted so that the pH of this solution is 5.5 to 6.0. And stirred to obtain 1000 ml of a chlorine dioxide aqueous solution composed of dissolved chlorine dioxide gas, sodium chlorite, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
- ⁇ Malaria parasite> The mouse malaria parasite is currently available (free of charge) from the Department of Medical Zoology at Jichi Medical University (3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimono, Tochigi, Japan). Species such as Plasmodium berghei or P. yoelii are frequently used. It can infect mice and is easy to use for laboratory research because it is not infectious to humans.
- P. falciparum FCR-3 strain ATCC 30932
- P. falciparum Honduras-1 strain ATCC 30935
- RPMI1640 medium pH 7.4
- human malaria parasite was 5% O 2, 5% CO 2 , 90% N 2 , and the temperature was 36.5 ° C. Culture under the conditions of Because it is infectious to humans, it is necessary to be careful of needlestick accidents. In addition, when mosquitoes are infected, a strict containment experiment environment is required so as not to allow mosquitoes to escape.
- Anopheles is currently available (free of charge) from the Department of Medical Zoology at Jichi Medical University (3311-1 Yakuji, Shimono, Tochigi, Japan).
- a malaria-infected mosquito can be obtained by infecting a mouse (such as a Swiss webster mouse) with malaria using the malaria parasite described above and sucking blood of the infected mouse into an anopheles. This can be done by those skilled in the art.
- the basic technique of the experiment is Matsuoka et al. (Matsuoka, H., Yoshida, S., Hirai, M., and Ishii, A. Parasitol. Int. 51, 17-23, 2002), and Arai et al. (Arai, M., Ishii, A. and Matsuoka, H. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
- mice erythrocytes (2 ⁇ 10 6 ) infected with malaria parasite are injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice. Three to five days later, 2-5% of red blood cells infect protozoa, but the mice are anesthetized by intramuscular injection of 0.2 mg xylazine and 2 mg ketamine. The mice are then infected with malaria by letting female mosquitoes suck blood at 20 ° C. for 30 minutes. In this way, a mosquito (Anopheles stephensi) infected with a malaria parasite is prepared.
- erythrocytes (2 ⁇ 10 6 ) infected with malaria parasite are injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice. Three to five days later, 2-5% of red blood cells infect protozoa, but the mice are anesthetized by intramuscular injection of 0.2 mg xylazine and 2 mg ketamine. The mice are then infected with malaria by letting female mosquitoes suck blood at 20 ° C
- malaria-infected mosquitoes are bred using infected mice in the laboratory of Professor Hiroyuki Matsuoka (the inventor of the present application) at the Jichi Medical University (331-1-1, Yakushiji, Shimono, Tochigi, Japan) This can be used only when the present invention is added to the test (limited to experiments in this laboratory).
- mice Twenty-four mice were anesthetized and divided into two groups. That is, 11 out of 24 mice (mouse numbers 1 to 11) were sprayed on the skin as a comparison control group, and the remaining 13 mice (mouse numbers 21 to 33) were prepared in Preparation Example 1 as a chlorine dioxide group.
- the aqueous chlorine dioxide solution was sprayed onto the skin.
- the back of the mouse was shaved with a clipper for animals, and water (comparative control group) and chlorine dioxide solution were sprayed on the back with an area of about 3 cm in diameter.
- the chemical solution is applied uniformly to the skin surface. The level of application is such that the skin surface is uniformly moistened.
- each mouse was placed on a transparent container (tube) (one mouse was placed on each tube).
- each tube preliminarily infected with malaria (Plasmodium berghei) (London, Imperial College in September 1992, and later used for experiments at Mie University and Jichi Medical University in Japan) Anopheles Stephensi (introduced from London, Imperial College in September 1992. Since then, it has been used for experiments in Mie University, Jichi Medical University, Nagasaki University, and Kagawa University in Japan) [Table 1] It was released at a rate of 5% to give a chance to bite malaria-infected mosquitoes. Infected mosquitoes are placed in a 50 ml plastic test tube, covered with gauze, and fasted for 24 hours.
- a chlorine dioxide gas is generated by a conventionally known method, and a 150 ppm (2.2 mM) chlorine dioxide aqueous solution (sodium chlorite and sodium dihydrogen phosphate are not included) obtained by bubbling this into water is used.
- a 150 ppm (2.2 mM) chlorine dioxide aqueous solution sodium chlorite and sodium dihydrogen phosphate are not included
- the results were almost the same as the results using Preparation Example 1 (see [Table 1] below).
- Table 1 6 out of 11 mice in the control group developed malaria (incidence 54.5%), whereas 13 mice in the chlorine dioxide group Since only one animal has developed malaria (onset rate: 7.7%), it is clear that an aqueous chlorine dioxide solution can prevent malaria infection.
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Abstract
Description
本発明における媒介節足動物としては、例えば、昆虫では、ハマダラカ、イエカ、ヌマカ、ヤブカなどの蚊類、ツエツエバエ、サシチョウバエ、ブユ、アブ、メクラアブなどのハエ類、コロモシラミなどのシラミ類、ノミ類、サシガメ類など、ダニ類では、マダニ、つつがむし、ヒメダニなどが挙げられる。
本発明における節足動物媒介病の具体例としては(括弧内は主な媒介節足動物である)、例えば、マラリア(ハマダラカ)、フィラリア症(ハマダラカ、イエカ、ヌマカ、ヤブカ)、デング熱(ヤブカ)、黄熱(ヤブカ)、日本脳炎(コガタアカイエカ)、西ナイル熱(イエカ、ヤブカ)、リーシマニア症(サシチョウバエ)、アフリカトリパノソーマ<アフリカ睡眠病>(ツエツエバエ)、アメリカトリパノソーマ<シャガス病>(サシガメ)、ロア糸状虫病(アブ)、野兎病(メクラアブ、マダニ)、発疹チフス(コロモシラミ)、回帰熱(コロモジラミ、ヒメダニ)、ペスト(ネズミに寄生するノミ)、アメリカトリパノソーマ<シャガス病>(サシガメ)、ライム病(マダニ)、つつがむし病(ツツガムシ)、ダニ脳炎(マダニ)、日本紅斑熱(マダニ)などが挙げられるが、これによって限定されるものではない。
二酸化塩素は水または他の溶媒を用いて液剤、フォーム剤などとし、例えばスプレー剤として用いる。また、水溶液として用いる場合には、二酸化塩素の濃度を安定にするため、亜塩素酸ナトリウム(例えば1~20%)、リン酸緩衝液(例えば1~20%)(例えばpH4~7)を添加してもよい。また、液剤を皮膚に塗布した場合の液剤の浸潤拡散を容易にするため、液剤に界面活性剤(例えば0.1~5%)を加えてもよい。さらには、スプレーのしやすさを考え、放出剤として、液化プロパンガス等を容器に入れてもよい。
その使用量は、環境(気温や湿度など)によって異なるので一概には言えないが、通常、二酸化塩素濃度として0.01ppm~500ppm、好ましくは0.1ppm~250ppm含む製剤を、1日あたり1回もしくは2~5回適量使用する。なお、二酸化塩素液剤の最終的なpHは4.5~6.5とすることが好ましい。この範囲から外れると保存安定性が低下し、保存中の薬理活性が変動したり、例えば2年後といった長期保存後の薬理活性が弱くなる可能性がある。本発明における二酸化塩素液剤のさらに好ましいpH範囲は5.5~6.0である。
次のようにして二酸化塩素液剤を調製した。すなわち、二酸化塩素ガス2000ppm溶存水250mlに水680mlと亜塩素酸ナトリウム25%溶液80mlを加えて撹拌し、次にこの溶液のpHが5.5~6.0となる量のリン酸二水素ナトリウムを加えて撹拌し、溶存二酸化塩素ガス、亜塩素酸ナトリウム、及びリン酸二水素ナトリウムからなる二酸化塩素水溶液1000mlを得た。
以下に、二酸化塩素を用いたマラリア感染予防実験の結果を挙げるが、その前に、この実験に用いたマラリア原虫とハマダラカ(Anopheles stephensi mosquito)の入手方法およびマラリア感染蚊の作製方法を紹介する。
マウスマラリア原虫は、現在、自治医科大学(日本国栃木県下野市薬師寺3311-1)の医動物学部門より(無償で)入手できる。Plasmodium bergheiあるいはP.yoeliiなどの種が頻用されている。マウスに感染させることができ、ヒトへの感染性がないため実験室での研究に使用しやすい。
ハマダラカは、現在、自治医科大学(日本国栃木県下野市薬師寺3311-1)の医動物学部門より(無償で)入手できる。
上記したマラリア原虫を用いてマウス(スイスウェブスターマウスなど)をマラリアに感染させ、その感染マウスの血をハマダラカに吸血させることにより、マラリア感染蚊を得ることができる。これは当業者であれば十分に行える。詳述すると、実験の基本的な手技はMatsuokaら(Matsuoka, H., Yoshida, S., Hirai, M., and Ishii, A. Parasitol. Int. 51, 17-23, 2002)、および Araiら(Arai, M., Ishii, A. and Matsuoka, H. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 70, 139-143, 2004)の手技に従う。まずマラリア原虫に感染した赤血球(2×106個)をマウスの腹腔内に注射する。3日後に2-5%の赤血球が原虫に感染するが、このマウスを0.2mgのキシラジン(xylazine)と2mgのケタミン(ketamine)を筋注することにより麻酔をかける。次にこのマウスをメスの蚊に20℃において30分間吸血させることにより、蚊をマラリアに感染させる。このようにしてマラリア原虫に感染した蚊(Anopheles stephensi)を用意する。これは5%果糖と0.05%のp-aminobenzoic acidをしみこませた濾紙を飼料として用い、26℃、50-70%の湿度、14時間明、10時間暗の部屋で飼育する。これにより、マラリア感染蚊を得ることができる。
24匹のマウスに麻酔をかけ二群に分けた。すなわち、24匹のうち11匹(マウス番号1~11)を比較対照群として皮膚に水をスプレーし、また残りの13匹(マウス番号21~33)を二酸化塩素群として上記調製例1で調製した二酸化塩素水溶液を皮膚にスプレーした。なお、マウスの背部の毛を動物用バリカンにより剃り、その背中に直径3cm程度の面積で水(比較対照群)ならびに二酸化塩素液をスプレーした。この時、皮膚面に薬液が均一に塗布されるようにする。塗布のレベルは皮膚面が均一に湿潤する程度とする。その後、マウスを1匹ずつ透明の容器(チューブ)の上においた(チューブ1個につきマウス1匹を載せた。)。なお、各チューブには予めマラリア(Plasmodium berghei)(1992年9月にLondon, Imperial College より導入。以後、日本国の、三重大学・自治医科大学で実験に使用している)に感染したハマダラカAnopheles stephensi(1992年9月にLondon, Imperial College より導入。以後、日本国の、三重大学・自治医科大学・長崎大学・香川大学で継代し実験に使用している。)を下記[表1]の割合で放しておき、マラリア感染蚊に刺咬のチャンスを与えた。感染蚊は、予め50mlのプラスチック試験管に入れてガーゼでふたをし、24時間絶食しておく。15分間の観察期間において、マウスに刺咬した蚊の数を数えた結果、比較対照群が88匹中42匹であり(刺咬率:47.7%)、二酸化塩素群が101匹中6匹(刺咬率:5.9%)であった。この差は統計学的に有意であった(危険率p<0.001)。蚊は、明らかに二酸化塩素群のマウスを忌み嫌い、刺咬していないことがわかる。マラリア感染の判断は次のようにして行う。すなわち、プロービング後、各マウスの尾部より0.5μlの血液を採取し、プレパラートガラスに薄層としギムザ染色後顕微鏡検査に供することによりマラリア感染の有無を見る。
Claims (4)
- 節足動物を寄せ付けないための忌避剤であって、二酸化塩素を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする忌避剤。
- 節足動物による刺咬を防ぐための刺咬忌避剤であって、二酸化塩素を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする刺咬忌避剤。
- 節足動物を媒介にして感染する節足動物媒介病の予防剤であって、二酸化塩素を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする節足動物媒介病予防剤。
- 前記節足動物媒介病がマラリアであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の節足動物媒介病予防剤。
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JP2010514494A JP5582405B2 (ja) | 2008-05-26 | 2009-05-26 | 忌避剤、刺咬忌避剤、及び節足動物媒介病予防剤 |
CN200980118927.2A CN102046013B (zh) | 2008-05-26 | 2009-05-26 | 驱避剂、叮咬驱避剂和节肢动物媒介病预防剂 |
US12/994,458 US20110183004A1 (en) | 2008-05-26 | 2009-05-26 | Repelling agent, bite repelling agent and arthropod-borne disease preventive agent |
HK11109189.9A HK1154758A1 (en) | 2008-05-26 | 2011-08-31 | Repellent, biting repellent and preventive for arthropod-borne diseases |
US14/605,878 US20150140126A1 (en) | 2008-05-26 | 2015-01-26 | Repelling agent, bite repelling agent and arthropod-borne disease preventive agent |
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US12/994,458 A-371-Of-International US20110183004A1 (en) | 2008-05-26 | 2009-05-26 | Repelling agent, bite repelling agent and arthropod-borne disease preventive agent |
US14/605,878 Division US20150140126A1 (en) | 2008-05-26 | 2015-01-26 | Repelling agent, bite repelling agent and arthropod-borne disease preventive agent |
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JPH0881580A (ja) * | 1993-02-12 | 1996-03-26 | Stephen T Wellinghoff | 二酸化塩素発生ポリマー包装フィルム |
JPH08165207A (ja) * | 1993-02-12 | 1996-06-25 | Southwest Res Inst | 重合体殺生物組成物とその製造方法 |
JP2000191422A (ja) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-07-11 | Minoru Toyoshima | 害虫忌避剤 |
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JPH1081503A (ja) * | 1996-09-04 | 1998-03-31 | Chisso Corp | 二酸化塩素水の製造方法及びその装置 |
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JP2003093391A (ja) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-02 | Yoshikazu Shirai | 蚊に刺されやすさ度判定プログラム |
US7157412B2 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2007-01-02 | Advanced Medical Optics, Inc. | Alkylamine as an antimicrobial agent in ophthalmic compositions |
US20100084604A1 (en) * | 2007-03-15 | 2010-04-08 | Taiko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Composition for stabilizing chlorine dioxide |
CN101124982B (zh) * | 2007-09-03 | 2010-12-08 | 中盐东兴盐化股份有限公司 | 一种抗蝇蛆腌制盐 |
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2009
- 2009-05-26 TW TW098117469A patent/TWI522042B/zh active
- 2009-05-26 CN CN200980118927.2A patent/CN102046013B/zh active Active
- 2009-05-26 TW TW104131465A patent/TWI607705B/zh active
- 2009-05-26 JP JP2010514494A patent/JP5582405B2/ja active Active
- 2009-05-26 WO PCT/JP2009/059609 patent/WO2009145191A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-05-26 US US12/994,458 patent/US20110183004A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2011
- 2011-08-31 HK HK11109189.9A patent/HK1154758A1/xx unknown
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2015
- 2015-01-26 US US14/605,878 patent/US20150140126A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JPS6312226A (ja) * | 1986-06-30 | 1988-01-19 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | 園芸ハウスの清浄化方法 |
JPH0881580A (ja) * | 1993-02-12 | 1996-03-26 | Stephen T Wellinghoff | 二酸化塩素発生ポリマー包装フィルム |
JPH08165207A (ja) * | 1993-02-12 | 1996-06-25 | Southwest Res Inst | 重合体殺生物組成物とその製造方法 |
JP2000191422A (ja) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-07-11 | Minoru Toyoshima | 害虫忌避剤 |
JP2004049202A (ja) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-02-19 | Sukegawa Chemical Co Ltd | 二酸化塩素並びに二酸化塩素剤により除菌した飲料水の家畜への給与 |
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WO2012108480A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-10 | 2012-08-16 | 大幸薬品株式会社 | 殺虫剤、及び殺虫方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TWI522042B (zh) | 2016-02-21 |
TWI607705B (zh) | 2017-12-11 |
TW201600013A (zh) | 2016-01-01 |
US20110183004A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
HK1154758A1 (en) | 2012-05-04 |
JPWO2009145191A1 (ja) | 2011-10-13 |
JP5582405B2 (ja) | 2014-09-03 |
CN102046013A (zh) | 2011-05-04 |
TW201000013A (en) | 2010-01-01 |
CN102046013B (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
US20150140126A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
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