WO2009133645A1 - 接着性改質基材フィルムおよびハードコートフィルム - Google Patents
接着性改質基材フィルムおよびハードコートフィルム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009133645A1 WO2009133645A1 PCT/JP2008/070903 JP2008070903W WO2009133645A1 WO 2009133645 A1 WO2009133645 A1 WO 2009133645A1 JP 2008070903 W JP2008070903 W JP 2008070903W WO 2009133645 A1 WO2009133645 A1 WO 2009133645A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/0074—Production of other optical elements not provided for in B29D11/00009- B29D11/0073
- B29D11/00788—Producing optical films
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/0427—Coating with only one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/043—Improving the adhesiveness of the coatings per se, e.g. forming primers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/046—Forming abrasion-resistant coatings; Forming surface-hardening coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/056—Forming hydrophilic coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
- C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
- C09J7/29—Laminated material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2433/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2433/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2467/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2475/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2475/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/16—Solid spheres
- C08K7/18—Solid spheres inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/10—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet
- C09J2301/16—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet by the structure of the carrier layer
- C09J2301/162—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet by the structure of the carrier layer the carrier being a laminate constituted by plastic layers only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/40—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components
- C09J2301/408—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components additives as essential feature of the adhesive layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2433/00—Presence of (meth)acrylic polymer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2467/00—Presence of polyester
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2467/00—Presence of polyester
- C09J2467/006—Presence of polyester in the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2475/00—Presence of polyurethane
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an adhesion modified substrate film, particularly an adhesive modified substrate film suitable as a substrate film for a hard coat film mainly used for a display member, and the hard coat film.
- an adhesive modification group that can suppress iris color and has excellent adhesion between the hard coat layer and the base film.
- the present invention relates to a material film and a hard coat film thereof.
- a hard coat film used for a display member such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a plasma display panel (PDP) is configured as a laminated film having a thermoplastic resin film as a base film and further having a hard coat layer.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- PDP plasma display panel
- the display member may be provided with a functional layer containing various dyes in order to develop an optical function.
- PDP includes a near-infrared cut layer containing a near-infrared absorber such as a diimonium compound or a fluorine-containing phthalocyanine compound
- an LCD includes a PVA layer containing an iodine dye
- an electronic paper includes a dye layer containing a color ink.
- these functional dyes are decomposed by ultraviolet rays contained in sunlight, have poor weather resistance, and have a problem that their performance is deteriorated by long-term use. For this reason, the base film which provided the ultraviolet absorptivity by kneading a ultraviolet absorber in a base film may be used.
- thermoplastic resin film that is the base material of the hard coat film.
- biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin films are widely used as base films for various optical functional films from the viewpoint of excellent dimensional stability and chemical resistance.
- thermoplastic resin film since the film surface is highly crystallized, it has a drawback of poor adhesion to various paints, adhesives, inks and the like. For this reason, methods for imparting easy adhesion to the biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin film surface by various methods have been proposed.
- a method of imparting easy adhesion to a thermoplastic resin film by providing an easy adhesion layer containing a resin such as polyester, acrylic, polyurethane, and acrylic graft polyester on the surface of the thermoplastic resin film by a coating method is common.
- a thermoplastic resin film before completion of crystal orientation is subjected to corona discharge treatment directly or as necessary, and then a dispersion obtained by dispersing the resin solution or resin with a dispersion medium is used.
- the aqueous coating solution is applied to the base film, dried, stretched in at least uniaxial direction, and then subjected to heat treatment to complete the crystal orientation of the thermoplastic resin film (so-called in-line coating method)
- in-line coating method a method in which an aqueous or solvent-based coating solution is applied to the film and then dried
- the refractive index (plane direction) is 1.62 to 1.65
- the refractive index of a hard coat layer formed of, for example, an acrylic resin is Usually, it is 1.50 to 1.56 centering on 1.53.
- the easy-adhesion layer located in the middle is generally formed mainly of an acrylic resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, or the like, or a resin obtained by combining them.
- the refractive index of this resin composition layer is usually 1.49 to 1.54.
- interference spots are emphasized because the ratio of the bright line spectral components is high.
- the spread of three-wavelength fluorescent lamps has been rapidly progressing in ordinary households, and the problem of interference spots has become important. Therefore, in applications where interference spots are a problem, the use of functional plastic films based on biaxially oriented polyester films is significantly limited. Otherwise, functional films are used with the problem of interference spots.
- interference spots are observed in most of the antireflection films that are currently mounted.
- the hard coat layer is By making the refractive index, the high refractive index layer can be omitted from the antireflection layer. As a result, the cost can be reduced in the production of the antireflection film. This trend is becoming increasingly widespread due to the recent demand for lower costs.
- the refractive index of the hard coat layer is increased, the difference in refractive index with the easy-adhesion layer becomes larger, so that the problem of the interference spots becomes more obvious.
- the present applicant pays attention to the influence of the variation in the local thickness of the film on the interference spots, and forms an easy-adhesion layer having a solid content coat thickness of 0.1 g / m 2 mainly composed of copolymer polyester and polyurethane.
- the laminated polyester film which reduced the interference fringe by the base film thickness variation by carrying out the calendar process to this film after manufacturing the film which has it, and making the local thickness variation of a film small was disclosed (patent document 1) ).
- the hard coat layer having a relatively high refractive index as described above for example, 1.60 or more
- the interference spots are conspicuous although they have excellent adhesiveness.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a hard coat film in which a hard coat layer having a refractive index of 1.55 to 2.0 is laminated directly on a corona-treated or plasma-treated polyester film surface without using an easy-adhesive coating for the purpose of reducing interference spots. It is disclosed. However, when a hard coat layer is provided directly on a biaxially oriented polyester film, sufficient adhesive strength cannot be obtained.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 an attempt is made to suppress interference spots while maintaining adhesiveness by reducing the coating thickness of the easy adhesion layer.
- Patent Document 3 exemplifies a laminated polyester film having a coating layer composed of a polyester resin and an oxazoline-based crosslinking agent and having no coating thickness of 5 to 30 nm.
- a water-based paint composed of a polyester resin, a melamine-based cross-linking agent, and particles having an average particle diameter of 65 nm is applied to a coating amount of 0.005 to 0.05 g / m 2 after drying to be highly cured.
- a laminated polyester film having a coated layer is described.
- an adhesive layer mainly composed of an acrylic resin may be provided on the side opposite to the hard coat layer.
- a coating layer is provided on the base film, but further, an interface reflection occurs on the opposite surface due to the further coating layer, which may cause interference spots.
- a film using polyethylene terephthalate having a reduced oligomer content as a base film is also disclosed.
- these disclosed films have low oligomer properties, when used as a base film for a hard coat film, a sufficient effect of reducing interference spots was not obtained.
- the organic coating is scattered in the boundary region between the base film and the hard coat layer by applying the coating liquid very thinly so as to be integrated with the hard coat agent when the hard coat film is formed.
- the organic-inorganic composite is interspersed in the boundary region between the base film and the hard coat layer, thereby achieving both sufficient reduction of interference spots and adhesion.
- the adhesion modified layer formed by applying a coating solution containing inorganic particles extremely thin such as the adhesive modified substrate film of the invention 1 of the prior application, has a thin layer thickness. Tends to be smaller. However, the production speed for manufacturing the base film and the processing speed for processing the hard coat film have been increased year by year. Therefore, when the adhesive modified substrate film of the prior invention 1 is subjected to film formation or post-processing at a high speed, the particles in the adhesive modified layer fall off (powder off), and a process such as a guide roll It turned out to have the problem of contamination.
- the problem of the present invention is that adhesion is not noticeable even when viewed from all angles when a hard coat layer is laminated, has excellent adhesiveness, and has less dropout of particles contained in the adhesive modified layer It is in providing a property modified base film. Furthermore, even if it is a case where an adhesive layer is provided in the other surface of a hard-coat layer, this invention is providing the adhesive property modified base film in which interference spots are suppressed as the whole laminated body.
- the present invention in order to reduce the interference spots, a specific resin is applied as thin as possible, and the decrease in the retention of particles due to the small coating thickness is suppressed, so that it is stable for further high-speed processing in the future.
- the present invention aims to provide an adhesion-modified base film capable of obtaining a reduced coefficient of friction.
- the present invention aims to provide an adhesive modified base film for hard coat film that can reduce interference spots as a whole even if a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is provided.
- the present invention aims to provide an adhesion-modified base film that can obtain high transparency even when heat history is applied by processing.
- An adhesive modified base film in which an adhesive modified layer (A) is laminated on at least one side of a base film made of a thermoplastic resin film, wherein the adhesive modified layer (A) is a polyester. Containing at least one kind of resin selected from resin, urethane resin, and acrylic resin, and inorganic particles, the coating amount of the adhesive modification layer (A) is 3 to 12 mg / m 2 , and The adhesive property-modified base film having a maximum diameter average value of a crest portion of a surface protrusion having a height of 100 nm or more on the surface of the adhesion-modified layer (A) of 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the maximum diameter of the crest portion of the surface protrusion is measured with a non-contact type surface roughness meter.
- (2) The said adhesive property modification base film whose difference ((DELTA) micro) of the static friction coefficient ((micro
- (3) The said adhesive property modification base film which consists of a thermoplastic resin film in which the said base film does not contain particle
- the said adhesive property modified base film which consists of a laminated polyester film of 3 or more layers, and the intermediate
- the base film is made of a laminated polyester film in which the a layer is laminated on at least one side of the b layer by a coextrusion method, and the adhesive modified layer (A) is laminated on at least the a layer surface. And the a layer contains 0.05 to 0.1% by mass of inert particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- An adhesive modified base film in which an adhesive modified layer (A) is laminated on one surface of the substrate film, and an applied layer (B) is laminated on the other surface, the coated layer (B ) Is the adhesive modified base film containing a polyester resin and a titanium compound.
- the coating layer (B) is obtained by coating and drying a coating solution (B) containing an aqueous polyester resin, a titanium lactate compound, and a titanium triethanolamate compound,
- a coating solution (B) containing an aqueous polyester resin, a titanium lactate compound, and a titanium triethanolamate compound When the mass of the aqueous polyester resin contained in B) is (a), the mass of the titanium lactate compound is (b), and the mass of the titanium triethanolamate compound is (c), (a) / [(b ) + (C)] is 50/50 to 80/20, and (b) / (c) is 35/65 to 65/35.
- the said adhesive property modification base film in which the said adhesive property modification layer (A) contains copolyester, polyurethane, and inorganic particles When the mass of the aqueous polyester resin contained in B) is (a), the mass of the titanium lactate compound is (b), and the mass of the titanium triethanolamate compound is (c), (a)
- the hard coat layer is A hard coat film having an organic-inorganic composite that is directly laminated on a material film and interspersed in a boundary region between the base film and the hard coat layer.
- the hard coat film, wherein the hard coat layer has a refractive index of 1.60 to 1.65.
- the adhesive property-modified base film of the present invention is a hard coat film
- an adhesion-modified base film for hard coat that has little process contamination even during high-speed processing in post-processing, in other words, has few defects due to the fallout.
- the adhesion-modified base film of the present invention has an extremely thin adhesion-modified layer as it swells and integrates with the hard coat layer when an uncured cured resin is applied. Therefore, when the hard coat layer is laminated on the adhesive modified base film of the adhesive modified base film of the present invention, the hard coat layer is formed directly on the surface of the base film. . That is, when a transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to photograph at a magnification of 50,000 to 200,000, a continuous resin composition layer is not observed at the interface between the base film and the hard coat layer. It is observed that the organic-inorganic composite described later is scattered independently in the boundary region between the base film and the hard coat layer.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the hard coat film of the present invention reduces interference spots due to interface reflection caused by the easy adhesion layer.
- high adhesion can be obtained by the organic-inorganic composite scattered in the boundary region between the base film and the hard coat layer.
- This organic-inorganic composite is observed as surface protrusions having a protrusion height of 100 nm or more due to inorganic particles in the adhesive modified base film before hard coat layer lamination.
- the coating amount of the adhesion modified layer is 20 mg / m 2 or less (for example, the coating layer has a specific gravity of 1.2 and a thickness of about 17 nm or less)
- the retention of inorganic particles is low. Because of its small size, it was difficult to prevent the particles from falling off when the adhesive modified base film was in contact with the guide roll at high speed.
- the present inventor does not simply determine the ease of particle dropping depending on the thickness of the resin layer and the height of the surface protrusion.
- the present inventors have found a new finding that the spread of the ridges of the surface protrusions formed in the shape of a mountain affects the ease of falling off of the inorganic particles, and has led to the present invention.
- the surface protrusion by the inorganic particles has a mountain shape having a predetermined mountain sword.
- the mountain-shaped surface protrusion base portion becomes poor, and the spread of the mountain sword becomes narrow as if it is an acute protrusion.
- the maximum diameter of the surrounding ridge portion centering on a protrusion having a height of 100 nm or more due to the inorganic particles in the present invention is the inorganic particles contained in the adhesive modified layer or aggregates thereof as shown in FIG. Is the maximum diameter of the crest portion in a form in which the resin component spreads in the shape of a crest around one nucleus.
- the ease of removal of the particles of the adhesive modified layer in the adhesive modified base film of the present invention can be determined from the difference between the static friction coefficient ( ⁇ s) and the dynamic friction coefficient ( ⁇ d) of the adhesive modified layer surface. .
- the coating layer has a coating amount that can firmly fix the inorganic particles and there is little or no dropping of the inorganic particles, the static friction coefficient ( ⁇ s) and the dynamic friction coefficient ( ⁇ d) of the film are almost the same or the dynamic friction coefficient is slightly smaller. It is in. However, if the inorganic particles easily fall off, the particles fall off during dynamic friction measurement, and the value of dynamic friction increases rapidly.
- Such a film significantly contaminates the processing equipment in a short time in the manufacturing process and the post-processing process, resulting in deterioration of product quality and productivity.
- Such a phenomenon was hardly a problem in a general coating layer (for example, a coating amount of 50 mg / m 2 or more and an average particle diameter of 20 to 150 nm), but when the coating amount was reduced to the limit. It becomes easy to manifest.
- the thickness of the base film used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but can be arbitrarily determined in the range of 20 to 400 ⁇ m according to the specifications of the application to be used.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the base film is preferably 350 ⁇ m, and more preferably 300 ⁇ m.
- the lower limit of the film thickness is preferably 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 75 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 100 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness is less than 20 ⁇ m, rigidity and mechanical strength tend to be insufficient.
- the film thickness exceeds 400 ⁇ m the absolute amount of foreign matter present in the film increases, and the frequency of optical defects increases.
- disconnecting a film to a predetermined width also deteriorates, and manufacturing cost becomes high. Furthermore, since rigidity becomes strong, it becomes difficult to wind a long film in a roll shape.
- thermoplastic resin constituting the base film polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, syndiotactic polystyrene, norbornene-based polymer, polycarbonate, polyarylate and the like are suitable.
- a resin having a polar functional group such as polyester or polyamide is preferable from the viewpoint of adhesiveness with the adhesive property modified layer.
- polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate or a copolymer mainly composed of these resin components is more preferable, and in particular, a biaxial orientation formed from polyethylene terephthalate. Films are particularly suitable.
- the ratio of the copolymer component is preferably less than 20 mol%. If it is 20 mol% or more, the film strength, transparency, and heat resistance may be inferior.
- the dicarboxylic acid component that can be used as the copolymerization component include aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid and sebacic acid, aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and trimellilot acid. And polyfunctional carboxylic acids such as pyromellilottic acid.
- glycol component examples include fatty acid glycols such as diethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, propylene glycol, and neopentyl glycol; aromatic glycols such as p-xylene glycol; 1,4-cyclohexane Examples include alicyclic glycols such as dimethanol; polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 150 to 20000, and the like.
- the amount of change in film haze ⁇ Hz ( ⁇ Hz post-heating haze ⁇ before heating) when heat-treated at 170 ° C. for 20 minutes.
- the haze is preferably less than 1.5%, preferably 0.5%, more preferably 0.3%.
- the oligomer content of the base film is preferably 0.90% by mass or less. If the oligomer content of the substrate film is 0.90% by mass or less, oligomer precipitation is small even at high temperature treatment, and the amount of change in haze by heating is preferably within the above range.
- the polyester resin may be oxidatively deteriorated and the polyester resin may become yellowish.
- the color b value of the film used for the display member may be required to be 4.0 or less. Therefore, the oligomer content of the base film of the present invention is preferably 0.60% by mass or more, preferably 0.70% by mass or more, more preferably 0.80% by mass or more.
- the film can be suitably used as a high-quality display member such as a liquid crystal display or a plasma display without being yellowish.
- a layer structure of three or more layers using a polyester resin with a low oligomer content in the surface layer is used. It is a desirable embodiment to have a laminated polyester film.
- the layer b is made of a polyester resin having a low oligomer content and the other polyester resins are a layer and c layer
- the film layer structure is a / b, b / a / b, b / A / c / b or b / a / c / a / b.
- the oligomer includes cyclic oligomers mainly composed of cyclic trimers, linear dimers and linear oligomers mainly composed of linear trimers, terephthalic acid, terephthalic acid monoglycol ester, etc. These oligomers mainly consist of cyclic trimers.
- a method for forming such a polyester film layer having a small amount of oligomer is not particularly limited, but as described in JP-A-48-101462, JP-A-49-32973, etc., it is once polymerized.
- low molecular weight substances such as oligomers are reduced in the chip state, and a film is formed using these raw materials, or low molecular weight substances such as oligomers in the chip using a solvent.
- a method of forming a film by removing the film, a method of extracting and removing low molecular weight substances such as oligomers from a biaxially stretched heat-set film using a solvent, and the like can be suitably used.
- the former method of adding a solid phase polymerization operation if the temperature in the extrusion process to the film is high and the time is long, low molecular weight substances such as oligomers with reduced corners increase due to thermal equilibrium. It is preferable to extrude at as low a temperature as possible and in a short time.
- the film layer structure is b / a / b, b / a / c, b / a / c / b. Or b / a / c / a / b or the like.
- the layers a to c may have the same or different polyester resin composition.
- a b / a / b configuration (2 types, 3 layers configuration) is preferable.
- a known ultraviolet absorber can be used.
- the ultraviolet absorber include an organic ultraviolet absorber and an inorganic ultraviolet absorber, and an organic ultraviolet absorber is preferable from the viewpoint of transparency.
- the organic ultraviolet absorber include benzotoazole, benzophenone, cyclic imino ester, and combinations thereof, but are not particularly limited as long as the absorbance is within the range defined by the present invention.
- benzotoazole and cyclic imino ester are particularly preferable.
- the transmittance at a wavelength of 380 nm of the adhesive modified base film of the present invention is preferably 20% or less.
- the transmittance at 380 nm is preferably 15% or less, and more preferably 5% or less. If the said transmittance
- concentration of the said ultraviolet absorber and the thickness of a base film are adjusted suitably.
- the transmittance in the present invention is measured by a method perpendicular to the plane of the adhesive modified base film optical laminated film, and is measured using a spectrophotometer (for example, Hitachi U-3500 type). be able to.
- the adhesiveness-modified base film used in the present invention is required to have a high degree of transparency, it is preferable that the base film does not substantially contain particles that cause a decrease in transparency.
- substantially contain no particles means, for example, in the case of inorganic particles, a content of 50 ppm or less, preferably 10 ppm or less, most preferably less than the detection limit when inorganic elements are quantified by fluorescent X-ray analysis. Means quantity. This means that even if particles are not actively added to the base film, contaminants derived from foreign substances and raw material resin or dirt adhering to the line or equipment in the film manufacturing process will be peeled off and mixed into the film. It is because there is a case to do.
- a laminated polyester containing inert particles only in the surface layer can be used as the base film.
- a polyester film having a laminated structure in which an a layer containing inert particles is laminated on at least one side of the b layer by a coextrusion method it is preferable to use a polyester film having a laminated structure in which an a layer containing inert particles is laminated on at least one side of the b layer by a coextrusion method.
- the base film of the present invention may have a two-layer structure or a multilayer structure of three or more layers.
- the layer structure in the film thickness direction is b / a, a / b / a, a / b.
- Configurations such as / c, a / b / c / a, or a / b / c / b / a are conceivable.
- Each of the layers a to c may have the same or different configuration of the polyester resin, but in order to suppress the occurrence of curling due to the bimetal configuration, the polyester resin of each layer has the same configuration.
- the adhesion modifying layer is laminated on the surface of the a layer as described later, it is preferable that the a layer containing the inert particles constitutes at least one surface layer of the base film.
- the inert particles contained in layer a include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, amorphous silica, spherical silica, crystalline glass filler, kaolin, talc, titanium dioxide, alumina, silica-alumina composite oxide particles, barium sulfate, Inorganic particles such as calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, zeolite, molybdenum sulfide, mica, crosslinked polystyrene particles, crosslinked acrylic resin particles, crosslinked methyl methacrylate particles, benzoguanamine / formaldehyde condensate particles, melamine / formaldehyde condensate particles And heat-resistant polymer fine particles such as polytetrafluoroethylene particles.
- silica particles, particularly amorphous silica having a refractive index relatively close to that of the resin component are suitable.
- the average particle size of the inert particles contained in the layer a is preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.5 to 7 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 2 to 5 ⁇ m. If the average particle diameter of the inert particles is 1.0 ⁇ m or more, it is preferable because the surface of the a layer can be provided with a concavo-convex structure suitable for imparting slipperiness. On the other hand, if the average particle diameter of the inert particles is 10 ⁇ m or less, it is preferable because high transparency is maintained.
- the content of the inert particles in the layer a is desirably 0.005 to 0.1% by mass, preferably 0.008 to 0.07%, and more preferably 0.01 to 0%. .05%.
- the content of the inert particles is 0.005% by mass or more, it is preferable because the surface of the a layer can be provided with a concavo-convex structure suitable for imparting slipperiness. On the other hand, if the content of the inert particles is 0.1% by mass or less, it is preferable because high transparency is maintained.
- the thickness of the a layer containing inert particles is desirably 3 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m in total thickness in all the base film layers.
- the thickness of the a layer is 3 ⁇ m or more, the inert particles are held in the a layer, and stable slipperiness is easily obtained even under high-speed processing.
- the thickness of B layer is 30 micrometers or less, it is preferable at the point of transparency.
- the thickness of the a layer can be measured by determining the boundary based on the difference in the content density of the inert particles when the base film is observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Moreover, in the case of film manufacture, it can also obtain
- the average particle diameter of the inert particles is measured by the following method. Take a photograph of the particles with an electron microscope, measure the maximum diameter of 300-500 particles at a magnification such that the size of one smallest particle is 2-5 mm, and calculate the average value as the average primary particle size or Average particle diameter. Moreover, when calculating
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the center plane average roughness (SRa) on the surface of the B layer side of the adhesion-modified base film having the above structure is preferably 0.005 to 0.05 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.01 to 0.03 ⁇ m.
- the ten-point average roughness (SRz) is desirably 0.5 to 2.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.8 to 1.5 ⁇ m.
- inert particles may be appropriately contained in the layer a.
- the a layer contains substantially no inert particles.
- thermoplastic resin of the present invention can contain various additives in addition to the catalyst within a range not impeding the effects of the present invention.
- additives include inorganic particles, heat-resistant polymer particles, alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, phosphorus compounds, antistatic agents, ultraviolet absorbers, light-resistant agents, flame retardants, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, Examples thereof include an antigelling agent and a surfactant.
- an unoriented sheet obtained by melt extrusion or solution extrusion of a thermoplastic resin is stretched in a uniaxial direction in a longitudinal direction or a width direction as necessary, or sequentially in a biaxial direction.
- a biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin film that is biaxially stretched or simultaneously biaxially stretched and subjected to heat setting treatment is preferred.
- the method for producing a base film will be described in detail below, using a polyester as a raw material for the base film as a representative example.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the polyester pellet used as the film raw material is preferably in the range of 0.45 to 0.70 dl / g.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the polyester can be measured at 30 ° C. by dissolving the polyester in a mixed solvent of phenol (6 parts by mass) and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (4 parts by mass).
- the filter medium used for high-precision filtration of the molten resin is not particularly limited, but in the case of a stainless steel sintered filter medium, the removal performance of aggregates and high melting point organic substances mainly composed of Si, Ti, Sb, Ge, Cu Excellent and suitable.
- the filter particle size (initial filtration efficiency 95%) of the filter medium used for high-precision filtration of the molten resin is preferably 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the filter particle size of the filter medium exceeds 15 ⁇ m, removal of foreign matters of 20 ⁇ m or more tends to be insufficient.
- the polyester pellets After sufficiently drying the polyester pellets in a vacuum, the polyester pellets are supplied to an extruder, melt-extruded into a sheet at 270 to 295 ° C., and cooled and solidified to obtain an unoriented cast film.
- the obtained cast film is stretched 2.5 to 5.0 times in the longitudinal direction with a roll heated to 80 to 120 ° C. to obtain a uniaxially oriented polyester film.
- a coating solution is applied to both sides of the uniaxially oriented polyester film as described later.
- both ends of the film are gripped by clips, guided to a hot air zone heated to 80 to 180 ° C., and stretched 2.5 to 5.0 times in the width direction after drying.
- a heat treatment zone of 220 to 240 ° C., and heat treatment is performed to complete crystal orientation.
- a relaxation treatment of 1 to 12% may be performed in the width direction or the longitudinal direction as necessary.
- the base film is a surface activity such as corona discharge treatment, glow discharge treatment, flame treatment, ultraviolet irradiation treatment, electron beam irradiation treatment, ozone treatment, etc. within the range not impairing the object of the present invention.
- the treatment may be performed.
- Adhesive modified layer (A) The adhesiveness-modified base film of the present invention is formed by laminating an adhesiveness-modified layer (A) on at least one side of the base film.
- the adhesive property modified layer (A) of the present invention contains at least one resin selected from polyester resins, urethane resins, and acrylic resins, and inorganic particles.
- the polyester resin, acrylic resin, and urethane resin that constitute the adhesion modified layer (A) of the present invention have adhesion to both the base film and the hard coat layer, and are organic solvents contained in the hard coat agent. Swells moderately.
- the above-described resins may be used alone or in combination of two different resins, for example, a polyester resin and a urethane resin, a polyester resin and an acrylic resin, or a urethane resin and an acrylic resin.
- the base film used as the base material is a polyester base film
- copolymerization is performed as a main resin component constituting the composite. It preferably contains polyester and polyurethane.
- the copolyester alone has sufficient adhesion to the polyester base film, but may be inferior to the adhesion to the hard coat layer. Further, since it is a relatively brittle resin, it tends to cause cohesive failure with respect to impact during cutting.
- polyurethane alone is relatively excellent in adhesion to the hard coat layer, but is inferior in adhesion to the polyester base film. Furthermore, it is inferior to blocking resistance at the time of winding an adhesive property modification base film in roll shape. Therefore, the hard coat film manufactured using the adhesive modified base film having the adhesive modified layer (A) made of polyurethane alone may have poor quality.
- the base film In order to avoid such problems, it is necessary to make the base film contain a large amount of particles, to make the composite contain particles having a large particle size, or to increase the content of particles constituting the composite. Become. As a result, the haze of the film increases, which is not preferable as a base film for a hard coat film that has a particularly strong demand for transparency.
- the adhesive modification layer (A) of the present invention comprises a coating process for continuously coating at least one surface of the thermoplastic resin film that travels the coating liquid (A), a drying process for drying the coating liquid, and then at least uniaxially.
- An adhesive modified base film provided with an adhesive modified layer (A) is produced by continuously forming through a stretching process of stretching and a heat fixing process of thermally stretching the stretched film. Can do.
- At least one crosslinking agent selected from an epoxy-based crosslinking agent, a melamine-based crosslinking agent, and an oxazoline-based crosslinking agent is mixed in the coating liquid (A) and heat-treated to form an appropriate crosslinked structure. May be.
- the coating liquid for forming the adhesion modified layer (A) is used as the coating liquid (A), and the coating liquid for forming the coating layer (B) described later formed on the other surface is used as the coating liquid. Distinguishable from (B) (note that the notation in the embodiment follows a separate instruction).
- the material used for the coating solution (A) is a resin and a dispersion medium or a solvent.
- the coating liquid (A) is preferably aqueous.
- inorganic particles are used in addition to the resin component.
- a surfactant in combination, and additives such as a surfactant, an antistatic agent, an ultraviolet absorber, an organic lubricant, an antibacterial agent and a photooxidation catalyst can be used as necessary.
- a catalyst may be added to the coating liquid (A) in order to promote the thermal crosslinking reaction of the resin, such as inorganic substances, salts, organic substances, alkaline substances, acidic substances, and metal-containing organic compounds.
- Various chemical substances can be used.
- the coating liquid (A) is prepared by dispersing or dissolving the resin in a dispersion medium or a solvent under stirring, and then, in addition to the inorganic particle dispersion liquid prepared as described below, a surfactant, and various kinds as required. Additives are used in combination and diluted to the desired solids concentration.
- the coating liquid (A) in order to uniformly disperse the resin component and particles of the coating liquid (A), it is preferable to finely filter the coating liquid (A) in order to remove foreign matters such as coarse particle aggregates and dust in the process. .
- filter medium for finely filtering the coating liquid (A) there is no particular limitation on the type of filter medium for finely filtering the coating liquid (A) as long as it has the above-mentioned performance, and examples thereof include a filament type, a felt type, and a mesh type.
- the material of the filter medium for finely filtering the coating liquid (A) is not particularly limited as long as it has the above performance and does not adversely affect the coating liquid (A). For example, stainless steel, polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, etc. Is mentioned.
- the filter medium for microfiltration of the coating liquid (A) is preferably a filter medium having a filtration particle size (initial filtration efficiency: 95%) of 25 ⁇ m or less, more preferably a filter medium having a filtration performance of 10 ⁇ m or less. Most preferred is a method in which filters having different filtration performance are used in combination.
- a filter medium having a filtration particle size exceeding 25 ⁇ m is used, removal of coarse aggregates tends to be insufficient. Therefore, the coarse aggregate that could not be removed by filtration spreads due to the orientation stress in the uniaxial or biaxial orientation process after coating and drying, and is recognized as an aggregate of 100 ⁇ m or more, which tends to cause optical defects.
- the resin constituting the composite it is preferable from the viewpoint of adhesiveness to use polyester resins, particularly copolymerized polyesters (PEs) and polyurethane resins, particularly polyurethane (PU).
- the composite resin may be a combination of the above copolyester and a third resin other than polyurethane. Moreover, you may use a crosslinking agent together.
- polyester resin polyester resin
- an aromatic dicarboxylic acid component and ethylene glycol and branched glycol as the constituent components as the glycol component.
- the branched glycol include 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, and 2-methyl-2-butyl-1,3- Propanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-isopropyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-n-hexyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-n-butyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-n-hexyl-1,3-propanedii
- the lower limit of the molar ratio of the branched glycol component is preferably 10 mol%, more preferably 20 mol%, still more preferably 30 mol% with respect to the total glycol component.
- the upper limit is preferably 90 mol%, more preferably 80 mol%. If necessary, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol or the like may be used in combination.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acid component terephthalic acid or isophthalic acid is most preferable.
- Other aromatic dicarboxylic acids particularly aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as diphenylcarboxylic acid and 2,6-naltalenedicarboxylic acid may be added and copolymerized within a range of 10 mol% or less with respect to the total dicarboxylic acid component. Good.
- a polyester resin When a polyester resin is used as an aqueous coating liquid, a water-soluble or water-dispersible polyester resin is used.
- the polyurethane that can be included in the composite as the polyurethane-based resin is preferably a heat-reactive polyurethane resin, and examples thereof include water-soluble or water-dispersible polyurethane in which a terminal isocyanate group is blocked with an active hydrogen group (hereinafter referred to as a block). .
- Examples of the blocking agent for the isocyanate group include bisulfites, phenols, alcohols, lactams, oximes and esters such as dimethyl malonate, diketones such as methyl acetoacetate, mercaptans, ureas, and imidazoles. And acid imides such as succinimide, amines such as diphenylamine, imines, and carbamates such as 2-oxazolidine.
- the water-soluble or water-dispersible polyurethane preferably has a hydrophilic group in the molecule.
- a compound having a hydrophilic group in the compound having at least one active hydrogen atom in the molecule to be used or a compound having hydrophilicity in the above-mentioned blocking agent examples include taurine, dimethylolpropionic acid, polyester polyol having carboxylic acid group or sulfonic acid group, polyoxyalkylene polyol, etc. Is mentioned.
- examples of the hydrophilic compound in the blocking agent include bisulfites and phenols containing a sulfonic acid group.
- the blocking agent When heat energy is applied to the resin during drying or heat setting during film production, the blocking agent is released from the isocyanate group, so the resin fixes a water-dispersible copolyester resin mixed in a self-crosslinked stitch. And reacts with the terminal groups of the resin.
- the water-soluble or water-dispersible polyurethane those using a hydrophilic compound as a blocking agent are preferable. These polyurethanes are poor in water resistance because the resin in the coating liquid preparation is hydrophilic, but when the thermal reaction is completed by coating, drying and heat setting, the hydrophilic group of the urethane resin, that is, the blocking agent is released, A coating film with good water resistance is obtained.
- the chemical composition of the urethane prepolymer used in the polyurethane resin includes (1) a compound having at least two active hydrogen atoms in the molecule and a molecular weight of 200 to 20,000, and (2) two or more in the molecule. (3) A compound having a terminal isocyanate group obtained by reacting an organic polyisocyanate having an isocyanate group and, if necessary, (3) a chain extender having at least two active hydrogen atoms in the molecule.
- a compound having a molecular weight of 200 to 20,000 having at least two active hydrogen atoms in the molecule of (1) is that two or more hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, Particularly preferred compounds include an amino group or a mercapto group, and examples thereof include polyether polyol and polyester polyol.
- polyester polyol examples include polyvalent saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid and maleic anhydride, or the carboxylic acid anhydride, and ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol.
- Polyvalent saturated and unsaturated alcohols such as neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol and trimethylolpropane, polyalkylene ether glycols such as relatively low molecular weight polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, or alcohols thereof Can be obtained by condensation.
- polyesters obtained from lactones and hydroxy acids polyesters obtained by adding ethylene oxide or propylene oxide or the like to previously produced polyesters can also be used.
- organic polyisocyanate (2) examples include isomers of toluylene diisocyanate, aromatic diisocyanates such as 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, aromatic aliphatic diisocyanates such as xylylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and 4,4. -Addition of alicyclic diisocyanates such as dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, aliphatic diisocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate and 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, or one or more of these compounds to trimethylolpropane, etc. Examples include polyisocyanates obtained.
- Examples of the chain extender having at least two active hydrogen atoms in the molecule (3) include glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol, glycerin, triglyceride, and the like.
- Polyols such as methylolpropane and pentaerythritol, diamines such as ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, and piperazine, amino alcohols such as monoethanolamine and diethanolamine, thiodiglycols such as thiodiethylene glycol, or water Is mentioned.
- a urethane prepolymer In order to synthesize a urethane prepolymer, it is usually 150 ° C. or lower by a single-stage or multi-stage isocyanate polyaddition method using the above (1) and (2), and further, if necessary, the above (3).
- the reaction is preferably performed at a temperature of 70 to 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to several hours.
- the ratio of the isocyanate group of (2) to the active hydrogen atom of (1) and (3) can be freely selected as long as it is 1 or more, but free isocyanate groups remain in the obtained urethane prepolymer. is required.
- the content of free isocyanate groups may be 10% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the urethane prepolymer to be obtained.
- 7 In consideration of the stability of the aqueous solution of the urethane polymer after blocking, 7 It is preferable that it is below mass%.
- the obtained urethane prepolymer is preferably blocked with a terminal isocyanate group using bisulfite.
- the urethane prepolymer is mixed with an aqueous bisulfite solution, and the reaction is allowed to proceed with good stirring for about 5 minutes to 1 hour.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 60 ° C. or lower.
- the reaction mixture is diluted with water to an appropriate concentration to obtain a heat-reactive water-soluble urethane resin composition.
- the composition is adjusted to an appropriate concentration and viscosity when used.
- the bisulfite as a blocking agent is dissociated to regenerate active terminal isocyanate groups.
- a polyurethane polymer is produced by a polyaddition reaction that occurs within or between molecules of the prepolymer, or has the property of causing addition to other functional groups.
- the water-dispersible or water-soluble acrylic resin when an acrylic resin is used for the composite is, for example, an acrylate and / or methacrylate resin, or an acrylic resin having an unsaturated double bond such as styrene, and the like.
- examples thereof include a copolymer with a copolymerizable aliphatic compound or aromatic compound.
- a water-dispersible acrylic-styrene random copolymer resin by emulsion polymerization is most preferable as the acrylic-styrene copolymer resin excellent in hydrophilicity as the adhesive modified layer (A) having excellent adhesion to the hard coat layer.
- the water-dispersible acrylic-styrene copolymer resin is firmly bonded to the base film, it is effective to use 10 to 90% by mass of a copolymer polyester resin in addition to the copolymer resin. It is.
- the water-dispersible sulfonic acid metal base-containing polyester copolymer resin is mixed in the water-dispersible acrylic-styrene copolymer resin coating liquid (A) and applied to the base film.
- polyester constituting the water-dispersible sulfonic acid metal base-containing polyester copolymer resin include, for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, poly-1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate. .
- the polyester may be copolymerized with 30 mol% or less, preferably 15 mol% or less of the acid component or glycol component, if necessary, or at such a molar ratio, the acid component and glycol component. It may be blended with polyester obtained from
- a water-dispersible or water-soluble urethane resin preferably water-dispersible urethane resin
- a water-dispersible acrylic-styrene copolymer resin is mixed with a water-dispersible sulfonic acid metal base-containing polyester copolymer resin.
- a blocked isocyanate resin having three or more functional groups By adding a blocked isocyanate resin having three or more functional groups, a cross-linking reaction between the water-dispersible acrylic-styrene copolymer resin and the water-dispersible sulfonic acid metal group-containing polyester copolymer resin results in The blocking resistance of the coating film surface can be improved without reducing the adhesiveness.
- the coating liquid (A) containing the above components is applied to at least one surface of the base film and dried.
- a water-dispersible acrylic-styrene copolymer resin preferably a random copolymer resin of acrylate and / or methacrylate resin and styrene
- a water-dispersible sulfonic acid metal group-containing polyester copolymer as a water-dispersible polyester copolymer resin.
- a coating liquid (A) containing a resin in which a polymer resin is blended at a mass ratio of 3: 2 to 1: 1 in terms of solid content the solid content concentration is 4 to 15% by mass and the viscosity is 4 to 60 cps (B-type viscosity). Measured at 25 cps).
- crosslinking agents such as isocyanate, an epoxy, an oxazoline, a melamine, can be used.
- the solvent broadly includes not only a solution for dissolving a resin but also a dispersion medium used for dispersing the resin in a particulate form.
- various solvents such as an organic solvent and an aqueous solvent can be used.
- the solvent used in the coating solution (A) is preferably a mixed solution in which water and alcohols such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol are mixed in a range of 10 to 50% by mass in the total coating solution (A). Further, it is preferably 20 to 40% by mass. Furthermore, if it is less than 10 mass%, you may mix in the range which can dissolve organic solvents other than alcohol. However, the total of alcohols and other organic solvents in the coating liquid (A) is preferably less than 50% by mass.
- the addition amount of the organic solvent is less than 50% by mass with respect to the total solvent, the drying property is improved during coating and drying, and the appearance of the adhesive modified layer (A) is improved as compared with the case of water alone.
- the addition amount of the organic solvent is 50% by mass or more with respect to the total solvent, the evaporation rate of the solvent is increased, and the concentration change of the coating liquid (A) is likely to occur during coating. As a result, the viscosity of the coating liquid (A) increases and the applicability is lowered, which may cause poor appearance of the coating film. Furthermore, due to the volatilization of the organic solvent, there is a high risk of fire and the like.
- the type of the surfactant is not particularly limited as long as good coating properties can be obtained.
- a fluorosurfactant is suitable for obtaining good coatability with a small amount of addition.
- the addition amount is preferably 0.001 to 0.018% by mass based on the coating solution (A).
- the haze of the substrate film is preferably 1.5% or less.
- the haze exceeds 1.5%, when the film is used for a display member or the like, the screen sharpness is lowered, which is not preferable.
- the base film is substantially free of particles.
- scratches resistance, handling property when winding into a roll or unwinding sliding property, running property, blocking property, air escape of accompanying air during winding, etc.
- inorganic particles are contained in the adhesion modified layer (A).
- the adhesiveness-modified base film of the present invention can impart slipping property, winding property, and scratch resistance while maintaining high transparency.
- Examples of the inorganic particles contained in the adhesive modified layer (A) include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, amorphous silica, crystalline glass filler, kaolin, talc, titanium dioxide, alumina, silica-alumina composite oxide particles, sulfuric acid Inorganic particles such as barium, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, zeolite, molybdenum sulfide, mica, crosslinked polystyrene particles, crosslinked acrylic resin particles, crosslinked methyl methacrylate particles, benzoguanamine / formaldehyde condensate particles, melamine / formaldehyde condensate Examples thereof include heat-resistant polymer particles such as particles and polytetrafluoroethylene particles.
- silica particles are preferable because the resin component and the refractive index are relatively close, and a highly transparent film can be easily obtained.
- the shape of the particles is not particularly limited, but particles that are nearly spherical are preferred from the viewpoint of imparting easy slipperiness.
- the content of the particles in the total amount of the adhesive modified layer (A) is preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 15% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 10% by mass or less.
- the content of the particles in the composite exceeds 20% by mass, the transparency is deteriorated and the adhesiveness of the film tends to be insufficient.
- the lower limit of the content of the particles is preferably 0.1% by mass, more preferably 1% by mass, and particularly preferably 3% by mass with respect to the composite layer.
- the composite may contain two or more kinds of particles having different average particle diameters, or the same kind of particles having different average particle diameters may be contained.
- a filter medium is arranged so that the coating solution (A) is precisely filtered immediately before coating. It is preferable to do.
- the average particle size of the particles A as a main component is preferably 20 to 150 nm, more preferably 40 to 60 nm.
- the average particle size of the particles B is preferably 160 to 1000 nm, particularly preferably 200 to 800 nm.
- the average particle size of the particle B is less than 160 nm, scratch resistance, slipping property, and winding property may be deteriorated.
- Particle B (average particle size: 160 to 1000 nm) is preferable because aggregates having a primary average particle size of 40 to 60 nm by dry silica are difficult to fall off. This is presumably because, in the film-forming process, after applying the adhesive modified layer (A), a flat and stable shape can be obtained by passing through the stretching process and the heat setting process. Further, from the viewpoint of scratch resistance, it is preferable to use particles having a ratio of the average particle size in the aggregated state to the average particle size of primary particles of 4 times or more.
- the average primary particle size and average particle size of the particles are measured by the following method. Take a photograph of the particles with an electron microscope, measure the maximum diameter of 300-500 particles at a magnification such that the size of one smallest particle is 2-5 mm, and calculate the average value as the average primary particle size or Average particle diameter. Moreover, when calculating
- the adhesive modified layer (A) of the present invention contains inorganic particles having an appropriate particle size as described above, and the surface of the adhesive modified layer (A) has a protrusion height of 100 nm or more due to the inorganic particles.
- the density of surface protrusions with a height of 100 nm or more is 10 pieces / mm 2 or more, 1000 when measured with a non-contact type surface roughness meter. It is preferable that the number is 2 / mm 2 or less. If it is less than 10 pieces / mm 2 , the coefficient of friction becomes large, and surface scratches that cause optical defects may increase. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1000 pcs / mm 2 , the haze increases and the amount of particles falling off increases, which is not preferable.
- the present invention by forming surface protrusions having an inorganic particle height of 100 nm or more on the adhesion modified layer (A), not only easy lubricity but also a hard coat film, which will be described later, A structure in which the inorganic composite is scattered in the boundary region between the base film and the hard coat layer can be formed.
- adhesion between the base film and the hard coat layer can be imparted.
- Such organic-inorganic composites are considered to improve the adhesion due to the fact that the composite imparts a kind of anchor function and the effect of increasing the area of the boundary layer surface.
- the hard coat film of the present invention has an excellent interference spot reducing effect, but the organic-inorganic composite derived from the surface protrusion has an interference spot reducing effect by exhibiting a light scattering effect due to its shape. thinking. It is assumed that the light scattering effect due to the protrusions here is due to the effect of compensating for variations in interference spots due to the in-plane optical anisotropy of the biaxially stretched film (the property that the refractive index varies depending on the observation angle). . Therefore, the adhesiveness-modified base film of the present invention can exhibit a practical interference spot reducing effect when observed from any angle during hard coat lamination.
- the present invention in order to obtain an excellent effect of reducing interference spots, it is preferable to uniformly disperse a part of the particles in an appropriately aggregated state. As a result, a light scattering effect can be obtained even when the difference in refractive index between the hard coat and the base film is 0.02 or more, so that a practical interference spot reduction effect can be obtained from all angles. .
- a specific method for obtaining an appropriate aggregate will be described later.
- the maximum diameter average value of the crests of the surface protrusions having a height of 100 nm or more formed on the surface of the adhesive modified layer (A) is 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the adhesion-modified base film of the present invention is extremely thin so that when the hard coat layer is laminated, the base film and the hard coat layer are directly laminated. ).
- the resin layer thickness is thin, the crest portion of the surface protrusion formed in a mountain shape is likely to be small, and the particles are likely to fall off.
- the maximum diameter average value of the crests of the surface protrusions having a height of 100 nm or more is 10 ⁇ m or more, preferably 11 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 15 ⁇ m or more, thereby increasing the particle retention.
- the maximum average diameter of surface protrusions having a height of 100 nm or more is 10 ⁇ m or more, powder falling is suppressed, process contamination is reduced, and stable surface friction characteristics are obtained.
- the crest portion of the surface protrusion is the base portion of the surface protrusion, and specifically, when measured with a non-contact type surface roughness shape, the average height within one field of view (measurement range) or more.
- This refers to the part that is raised in a convex shape.
- the contour lines formed on the concentric circles centering on the surface protrusions The color classification above the average height corresponds to the mountain sword.
- the maximum diameter of the crest portion means the maximum value of the distance between two points where the average height line in one field of view (measurement range) and the cross-sectional profile intersect when a cross-sectional image of one surface protrusion is observed. .
- the maximum diameter in the circular color segment having an average height that encloses the apex of the surface protrusion when measured in the contour line display mode, it corresponds to the maximum diameter in the circular color segment having an average height that encloses the apex of the surface protrusion.
- the length direction of the circular color segment of the average height so that both ends of the cursor pass through the position of the maximum height of the surface protrusion on the cross section movement screen Move to.
- the distance between two intersections where the cross-sectional profile curve of the surface protrusion obtained and the average height line in the measurement field intersect is read and taken as the maximum diameter of the crest portion.
- the average value of the maximum diameter of the crest portion is preferably obtained as an average value when the maximum diameter of the crest portion is measured for 20 or more arbitrarily selected surface protrusions having a height of 100 nm or more.
- a non-contact type surface roughness meter a non-contact three-dimensional shape measuring device manufactured by Micromap, a non-contact roughness measuring device using a laser, or the like can be used.
- the particles in order to make the maximum diameter average of the crests of surface protrusions with a height of 100 nm or more 10 ⁇ m or more, formation of appropriate aggregates of inorganic particles and coating of the inorganic particles with the resin of the coating liquid (A) It is desirable to do.
- the particles in order to form an appropriate aggregate of particles and to further reduce the dropping of the particles and the particle aggregates, when adding the particles in the coating liquid (A) preparation stage, the particles have an affinity for the particles in advance. It is desirable to perform a pretreatment for coating with a high resin.
- the resin having a high affinity with the particles is not particularly limited, but it is preferable from the viewpoint of affinity to coat with the same resin as a part of the main component of the resin contained in the adhesion modified layer (A).
- the polarity of the polar group of the resin to be coated is opposite to the polarity of the inorganic particles to be coated, it is preferable because the affinity with the inorganic particles is high and the coating is relatively strong.
- the higher the flexibility of the resin the higher the retention of inorganic particles.
- a flexible resin having a glass transition point of 60 ° C. or lower is preferable for holding inorganic particles.
- An example of a preferred embodiment is a polyurethane-based resin rich in flexibility as the resin to be coated and silica particles as the particles.
- the relationship between the resin to be coated and the inorganic particles is an electrically negative / positive combination.
- inorganic particles are added in advance to a water containing a resin having a high affinity for inorganic particles, or to an organic solvent or a mixed solution thereof as a dispersion having a concentration of 0.01% by mass or more and less than 5% by mass. If it is less than 0.01% by mass, a sufficient amount of coated inorganic particles may not be obtained. If it is 5% by mass or more, an unnecessarily large aggregate is likely to be generated, which is not preferable.
- the concentration of the resin having high affinity is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and less than 25% by mass. If it is less than 0.1% by mass, a sufficient coating effect may not be obtained. If it is 25% by mass or more, an excessively large aggregate is likely to be generated, which is not preferable.
- the obtained dispersion is stirred under a condition of 20 ° C. or higher and lower than 50 ° C. to coat the inorganic particles or the aggregate of the inorganic particles with a resin having a high affinity for the inorganic particles. If it is less than 20 ° C., it takes time for coating, and if it exceeds 50 ° C., the resin may deteriorate (discolor), which is not preferable.
- the stirrer include a powder dissolver (TK homojetter M type), and dispersion conditions are 5000 rpm or more, preferably 10,000 rpm or more, stirring time 1 hour or more, preferably 3 hours with respect to 10 kg of the dispersion. Less than is preferable. If it is less than 1 hour, a sufficient covering effect may not be obtained, and if it is dispersed for 3 hours or more, the effect may not be greatly changed.
- a crosslinking agent is added to the coating liquid (A), and then a heat treatment is performed to give the resin a crosslinked structure.
- a crosslinking agent at least one selected from an epoxy crosslinking agent, a melamine crosslinking agent, an oxazoline crosslinking agent, and an isocyanate crosslinking agent may be used.
- the crosslinking agent can be selected in consideration of the affinity with the copolymerized polyester resin used in the coating solution (A) and the wet heat resistance. Excessive crosslinking is not preferred because it may impair the appropriate swelling property.
- the above-mentioned crosslinking agent is preferably 5 to 40% by mass, more preferably 10 to 30% by mass, based on the total amount (100% by mass) of the copolymer polyester resin and the crosslinking agent in the composite. It is preferable to contain.
- the content of the cross-linking agent exceeds 40% by mass, the composite becomes brittle and can withstand high-speed cutting in a processing step after forming a functional layer such as a hard coat layer or a diffusion layer made of an acrylate resin. In some cases, sufficient adhesion cannot be obtained.
- the content of the crosslinking agent is less than 5% by mass, it may be difficult to obtain durability required in recent years.
- a catalyst may be added as necessary in order to promote crosslinking.
- the step of applying the coating solution (A) is preferably an in-line coating method that is applied during the manufacturing process of the film. More preferably, it is applied to the base film before the crystal orientation is completed.
- the solid concentration in the coating liquid (A) is preferably 2% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 1% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of the solid content concentration is preferably 0.1% by mass, and more preferably 0.3% by mass.
- the coating amount when not dried is preferably 2 g / m 2 or more and less than 10 g / m 2 . If the wet coating amount is less than 2 g / m 2 and the designed dry coating amount (coating amount of the adhesive modification layer (A)) is to be obtained, it is necessary to increase the solid content concentration of the coating liquid (A). . When the solid content concentration of the coating liquid (A) is increased, the viscosity of the coating liquid (A) is increased, so that streaky coating spots are easily generated. On the other hand, when the wet coating amount is 10 g / m 2 or more, it is easy to be affected by the drying wind in the drying furnace, and coating spots are likely to occur. In order to prevent defects due to dust adhesion, it is preferable to apply the coating liquid (A) in a clean environment having a cleanness of class 5000 or less.
- the coating amount (final coating amount after drying) of the adhesion modified layer (A) of the present invention needs to be 3 to 12 mg / m 2 . If the coating amount is too large, an independent adhesive modification layer (A) having a low refractive index is formed between the hard coat layer having a high refractive index and the base film when the hard coat layer is laminated. Interference spots are easily noticeable. If the coating amount is too small, not only the inorganic particles are easily removed, but also practical adhesiveness may not be obtained.
- Coating layer (B) As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a coating layer (B) containing a polyester resin and a titanium compound can be provided on the other side. In this case, the laminated structure is in the order of coating layer (B) / base film / adhesiveness modified layer (A).
- the coating layer (B) is preferably obtained by applying the coating liquid (B) to the base film and then drying.
- the coating liquid applied to obtain the coating layer (B) is defined as “coating liquid (B)”.
- the coating solution (B) used for forming the coating layer (B) is an aqueous coating solution mainly composed of a polyester resin, particularly an aqueous polyester resin, a water-soluble titanium compound, and an aqueous solvent.
- the titanium compound contained in the coating liquid (B) can undergo a crosslinking reaction with the aqueous polyester resin, and a more uniform film is preferably generated by the crosslinking reaction.
- the crosslinking reaction is accelerated by heat when the base film is stretched, and as a result, the above-described titanium compound may be decomposed by heat, and is not necessarily in the same state as in the coating solution in the resulting coating layer (B). Is not necessarily included.
- the refractive index of the coating layer (B) can be increased by increasing the composition ratio of the titanium compound as compared with the case of the aqueous polyester resin alone. Thereby, even if the adhesive layer which has acrylic resin as a main component is laminated
- Increasing the refractive index of the coating layer (B) can also be achieved by including metal fine particles, but by including the metal fine particles, the stretchability of the coating layer and the space between the hard coat layer and the base film can be achieved. Adhesion decreases.
- the aqueous polyester resin used in the present invention may introduce an active site such as a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group into its molecular chain, but the ester bond site undergoes a reversible reaction at a high temperature even if it is not particularly introduced. In this case, a crosslinking reaction occurs, and as a result, a dense film is obtained.
- the titanium compound used in the present invention is preferably a water-soluble titanium compound because it is used as an aqueous coating solution.
- a water-soluble titanium compound a water-soluble titanium chelate compound, a water-soluble titanium acylate compound, a water-soluble zirconium chelate compound, or a water-soluble zirconium acylate compound can be suitably used.
- water-soluble titanium chelate compounds include diisopropoxybis (acetylacetonato) titanium, isopropoxy (2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediolato) titanium, diisopropoxybis (triethanolaminato) titanium, di -N-butoxybis (triethanolaminato) titanium, hydroxybis (lactato) titanium, ammonium salt of hydroxybis (lactato) titanium, ammonium ammonium beloxocitrate and the like.
- examples of the water-soluble titanium-acylate compound include oxotitanium-bis (monoammonium oxalate), and examples of the water-soluble zirconium compound include zirconium tetraacetylacetonate and zirconium acetate.
- a titanium lactate compound and a titanium triethanolamate compound from the viewpoints of pH adjustment of the coating solution, refractive index adjustment of the coating layer, and adhesion.
- the aqueous polyester resin of the coating layer (B) is involved in adhesion with the base film. Therefore, when the mass of the aqueous polyester resin contained in the coating layer is (a) and the mass of the titanium compound is (d), the value of (a) / (d) is preferably 50/50 or more. When the value is 50/50 or more, the transparency required for optical use is improved, and the adhesion with the adhesive layer formed on the coating layer is improved. Further, the value of (a) / (d) is preferably 80/20 or less, in which case the titanium compound is sufficiently cross-linked and the refractive index is improved, so that the adhesiveness under high temperature and high humidity is increased. (Moisture and heat resistance) is improved, and the effect of suppressing iris-like colors under a fluorescent lamp is sufficient.
- the titanium compound is a titanium lactate compound and a titanium triethanolamate compound.
- the mass of the titanium lactate compound is (b)
- the mass of the titanium triethanolaminate compound is When (c), (d) is preferably the same as [(b) + (c)].
- the value of (b) / (c) is preferably 35/65 to 65/35.
- the pH of the coating solution (B) becomes almost neutral (pH 6 to 8).
- the technical significance of including both the titanium lactate compound and the titanium triethanolamate compound in the coating layer (B) is as follows. If only one titanium compound is used, the pH of the coating solution (B) tends to be largely biased to acidic or basic. When an isocyanate curable acrylic resin-based pressure-sensitive adhesive is laminated on the coating layer (B) obtained from the coating solution (B) that is largely biased to basicity, uneven curing tends to occur in the thickness direction of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. When pasting to the front of the display, the reworkability at the time of poor pasting is reduced. The reduction in reworkability (reworkability) means that the remaining amount of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer increases from the front surface of the display during peeling.
- the pH of the coating solution (B) is acidic or basic with only one titanium compound.
- basic compounds such as amine, ammonia and sodium hydroxide when acidic
- acidic compounds such as carboxylic acid, hydrochloric acid and sulfonic acid when basic.
- the compatibility of the coating layer (B) with the titanium compound and the aqueous polyester resin is reduced, and as a result, the coating film becomes non-uniform and the effect of suppressing iris color with the adhesive layer is reduced. Furthermore, since the adhesiveness is lowered, it is unsuitable for the use in this case.
- the polyester resin after plasticizing a polyester resin in a heated butyl cellosolve, when the polyester resin reaches a dispersed state when hot water is further added, the polyester resin is regarded as an aqueous polyester resin.
- a hydrophilic group such as a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, or an ether group into the molecular chain of the polyester resin.
- sulfonic acid groups are preferable from the viewpoint of coating film properties and adhesion.
- the sulfonic acid compound is more preferably 1 to 10 mol% in the total acid component of the polyester.
- the polyester resin does not exhibit water and the compatibility with the water-soluble titanium compound also decreases, so that it becomes difficult to obtain a uniform and transparent coating layer.
- the amount of sulfonic acid group exceeds 10 mol%, it becomes easy to be inferior to the adhesiveness (humidity heat resistance) under high temperature and high humidity.
- the water-based polyester resin preferably has a glass transition temperature of 40 ° C. or higher.
- the acid component of the aqueous polyester resin is preferably composed mainly of an aromatic group such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, or naphthalenedicarboxylic acid.
- the glycol component is preferably a glycol having a relatively small carbon number such as ethylene glycol, propane glycol, 1,4-butanediol, or neopentyl glycol, or an aromatic system such as an ethylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A.
- a rigid component such as biphenyl or a dicarboxylic acid component or diol component having a high refractive index atom such as bromine or sulfur may be used as a raw material for the polyester resin as long as the physical properties of the film do not deteriorate.
- the glass transition temperature of the aqueous polyester resin is 40 ° C. or higher, the adhesiveness (humidity heat resistance) under high temperature and high humidity is sufficient.
- the refractive index of the polyester resin is also improved, the refractive index of the coating layer (B) is also improved. As a result, it is easy to sufficiently suppress the iris-like color under the fluorescent lamp.
- the coating layer (B) also contains a titanium lactate compound and a titanium triethanolaminate compound.
- a representative example of the water-soluble titanium lactate compound is bis (lactato) oxotitanium.
- a typical example of a water-soluble titanium triethanolamate compound is diisopropoxybis (triethanolaminato) titanium.
- a resin other than the above-described main components for example, an acrylic resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, an alkyd resin, a vinyl resin such as polyvinyl alcohol, or the like is used in a range that does not affect the effects of the present invention. It doesn't matter. Further, the combined use of the crosslinking agent is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is not affected.
- crosslinking agents examples include adducts of urea, melamine, benzoguanamine, and the like with formaldehyde, amino resins such as alkyl ether compounds composed of these adducts and alcohols having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, polyfunctional epoxy compounds, Examples thereof include a polyfunctional isocyanate compound, a blocked isocyanate compound, a polyfunctional aziridine compound, and an oxazoline compound.
- the coating layer (B) preferably also contains silica particles.
- the presence of silica particles improves blocking resistance and handling properties.
- silica particles commercially available colloidal silica particles or the like can be used as appropriate.
- the content of silica particles in the coating layer (B) is preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight.
- a known anionic surfactant or nonionic surfactant is used to improve the wettability to the film and coat the coating solution (B) uniformly. It is preferable to add an appropriate amount of a surfactant.
- aqueous coating solution (B) inorganic and / or heat-resistant polymer particles, antistatic agents, ultraviolet rays are used in order to impart other functions such as handling properties, antistatic properties, and antibacterial properties to the film.
- Additives such as an absorbent, an organic lubricant, an antibacterial agent, and a photo-oxidation catalyst can be contained.
- the solvent used for the coating liquid (B) may be mixed with alcohols such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol in addition to water in a range of less than 50% by mass with respect to the total coating liquid (B). Furthermore, if it is less than 10 mass%, you may mix in the range which can melt
- the coating amount of the finally obtained coating layer (B) is preferably adjusted according to the refractive index of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to be applied, but specifically 0.02 to 0.5 g / m. 2 , more preferably 0.05 to 0.3 g / m 2 , and even more preferably 0.07 to 0.2 g / m 2 .
- the coating amount of the coating layer (B) is 0.02 g / m 2 or more, the effect on the adhesiveness becomes remarkable, and the effect of suppressing the iris color under a fluorescent lamp tends to be sufficient.
- the coating amount is 0.5 g / m 2 or less, the effect of suppressing the iris color under a fluorescent lamp tends to be sufficient.
- Hard coat film (a) Hard coat layer
- the curable resin constituting the hard coat layer is preferably an ionizing radiation curable resin.
- the ionizing radiation curable resin include the following resins.
- the ionizing radiation curable resin is preferably a resin having an acrylate functional group, and particularly preferably a polyester acrylate or a urethane acrylate.
- the polyester acrylate is composed of a polyester polyol oligomer acrylate or methacrylate (hereinafter, acrylate and / or methacrylate may be referred to as (meth) acrylate), or a mixture thereof.
- urethane (meth) acrylate is comprised from what formed the oligomer which consists of a polyol compound and a diisocyanate compound into (meth) acrylate.
- Monomers constituting (meth) acrylate include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, butoxyethyl ( And (meth) acrylate and phenyl (meth) acrylate. *
- a polyfunctional monomer in combination.
- the polyfunctional monomer trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, hexanediol (meth) acrylate, tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, dipenta
- examples include erythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, and neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate.
- polyester polyol oligomers examples include adipic acid and glycol (ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, butylene glycol, polybutylene glycol, etc.) and triol (glycerin, trimethylolpropane, etc.), sebacic acid, glycol and triol. And a polyadipate polyol and a polysebacate polyol which are condensation products.
- some or all of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids can be replaced with other organic acids.
- isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, or phthalic anhydride can be used as a component that increases the hardness of the hard coat layer.
- the hard coat agent When the hard coat agent is formed on the surface of the base film, it may be diluted with a diluent as necessary in order to improve the leveling property.
- a diluent include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, octane, nonane and decane, and ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone and diisopropyl ketone. What is necessary is just to select the compounding quantity of a diluent suitably so that it may become a suitable viscosity.
- Examples of the inorganic fine particles to be included in the hard coat layer include inorganic oxides such as amorphous silica, crystalline glass filler, silica, zirconium oxide, titanium dioxide, and alumina, silica-alumina composite oxide particles, and magnesium carbonate. , Aluminum hydroxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, kaolin, talc, barium sulfate, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, zeolite, molybdenum sulfide, and mica.
- the hard coat film of the present invention it is desirable to provide a hard coat layer having a refractive index of 1.60 to 1.65.
- an antireflection layer composed of a high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer or a high refractive index layer / medium refractive index layer / low refractive index layer is laminated on the surface of the hard coat layer, the refractive index of the hard coat layer
- the refractive index of the hard coat layer By increasing the refractive index within the above range, the high refractive index layer can be omitted from the antireflection layer. As a result, cost can be reduced.
- the average particle size of the inorganic fine particles is preferably 5 to 100 nm from the viewpoint of easy slipping and transparency.
- a commercial product is available for the high refractive index hard coating agent containing such inorganic fine particles.
- an ultraviolet curable resin (Desolite; Z7400B, Z7410B) manufactured by JSR Corporation may be used.
- an appropriate amount of inorganic fine particles having a high refractive index may be added to the acrylate resin to adjust the refractive index in the range of 1.60 to 1.65.
- the ionizing radiation curable resin is cured by irradiation with ultraviolet rays or electron beams.
- ultraviolet rays use an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a low-pressure mercury lamp, a carbon arc, or a metal halide lamp, and irradiate ultraviolet rays with an energy of 100 to 3000 mJ / m 2 in a wavelength region of 100 to 400 nm, preferably 200 to 400 nm. Irradiate.
- a scanning or curtain type electron beam accelerator is used to irradiate an electron beam having an acceleration voltage of 1000 keV or less, preferably 100 to 300 keV and having a wavelength region of 100 nm or less.
- the thickness of the hard coat layer may be determined in accordance with the use within the range of 0.1 to 30 ⁇ m. More preferably, it is 1 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the hard coat layer is within the above range, the hardness of the surface of the hard coat layer is high and scratches are hardly caused. Furthermore, the hard coat layer is difficult to become brittle, and the hard coat layer is hardly cracked when the hard coat film is folded.
- another optical functional layer can be laminated on the surface opposite to or on the surface of the hard coat film of the present invention.
- At least one optical functional layer selected from a hard coat layer, a light diffusing layer, a prismatic lens layer, an electromagnetic wave absorbing layer, a near infrared ray blocking layer, and a transparent conductive layer is provided on the surface opposite to the hard coat layer.
- Laminated optical functional film is provided on the surface opposite to the hard coat layer.
- the hard coat layer is laminated on the surface of the adhesive modified layer (A) of the adhesive modified base film of the present invention, the hard coat layer is directly laminated on the base film,
- An organic-inorganic composite (hereinafter also simply referred to as “composite”) is dotted in the boundary region between the base film and the hard coat layer.
- the organic-inorganic composite has a structure in which inorganic particles are embedded in at least one selected from a polyester resin, a urethane resin, and an acrylic resin.
- the composite is prepared by forming an ultrathin section of the hard coat film of the present invention and observing it at a magnification of 50,000 to 200,000 times using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). It can be confirmed that it exists independently in the boundary region with the hard coat layer.
- the composite has a structure in which inorganic particles are embedded in at least one resin composition selected from polyester resins, urethane resins, and acrylic resins. In the TEM observation image, the contrast density can be observed according to the electron density. Inorganic particles have a high electron density and appear dark, whereas resin compositions selected from polyester resins, urethane resins, and acrylic resins have a low electron density and appear light.
- the composite is observed as a structure in which the resin composition observed to be equivalent to the base film and lighter than the base film surrounds the periphery of the inorganic particles observed deeply.
- one independent complex comprises one inorganic particle or one inorganic particle aggregate.
- ruthenium staining When observing at least one resin composition selected from polyester resin, urethane resin, and acrylic resin contained in the organic-inorganic composite with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), ruthenium staining, osmium staining, phosphotungstic acid It is preferable to perform a dyeing process such as dyeing.
- ruthenium dyeing can suitably dye polyester resin and urethane resin.
- Each constitution of the organic-inorganic composite can be discriminated from the stained image by the above staining. Further, each component of the organic-inorganic composite can be suitably determined by local elemental analysis (SEM / EDX or the like).
- the resin composition constituting the adhesion modified layer (A), that is, the resin composition constituting the organic-inorganic composite is, for example, the application surface of the adhesion modified substrate film, It can be specified by analyzing the hard coat layer / substrate film interface by infrared spectroscopy or the like.
- the composite is present in the boundary region between the base film and the hard coat layer.
- the boundary region refers to the vicinity of the interface between the base film and the hard coat layer.
- the composite is observed at the boundary where the base film and the hard coat layer are in contact with each other.
- Each of the composites is preferably present in contact with both the base film and the hard coat layer.
- the composite is scattered in the boundary region between the base film and the hard coat layer.
- the fact that the composites are scattered means that when the hard coat film of the present invention is observed by TEM, the plurality of composites are not all connected but discretely existed. That is, a composite comprising inorganic particles surrounded by a resin composition exists independently, and a plurality of inorganic particles are continuously connected by a resin composition between a base film and a hard coat layer. It does not have a structure.
- the structure connected continuously refers to a state in which organic substances are recognized as a resin composition layer at the boundary between the base film and the hard coat layer.
- the boundary between the base film and the hard coat layer of the hard coat film is the organic-inorganic composite. It is important that the resin composition layer of at least one resin selected from polyester resin, urethane resin, and acrylic resin as constituent components is not observed.
- the resin composition layer when observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with a magnification of 50,000 to 200,000, the thickness of the resin layer in the boundary region is below the observation limit, It means a state that is observed equivalent to a base film without a resin composition layer.
- the boundary between the hard coat layer and the base layer is 10 nm or less, preferably 5 nm or less. This is because the deposition of the staining agent may be observed at the boundary between the hard coat layer and the base material layer due to artifacts during dyeing.
- the distance between two adjacent composites in the boundary region is not particularly limited, but a distance of 100 to 1000 nm is desirable.
- the coating liquid (A) containing the resin and inorganic particles constituting the composite is applied very thinly on the base film and dried, and then the hard coat layer is formed.
- coating and drying the hard-coat agent which consists of curable resin for forming can be mentioned.
- the resin constituting the composite is at least partially swollen by the hard coat agent for forming the hard coat layer and integrated with the resin of the hard coat layer.
- the coating layer is integrated with the resin of the hard coat layer to such an extent that the presence cannot be found by TEM observation. That is, when observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with a magnification of 50,000 to 200,000, the thickness of the resin composition layer in the boundary region is below the observation limit.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the resin constituting the composite remains around the inorganic particles, and as a result, the composite is embedded between the base film and the hard coat layer.
- an independent “layer” for bonding the base film and the hard coat layer was provided, whereas in the present invention, the idea was completely changed, and the base film was scattered by interspersing the composite. And a hard coat layer were adhered. This makes it possible to significantly reduce interference groups while maintaining sufficient adhesion.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a hard coat film in which a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is further laminated on the surface of the coating layer (B).
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is further laminated on the surface of the coating layer (B).
- an acrylic resin is the main component and further an isocyanate-based curing agent is added from the viewpoints of adhesion and reduction of interference spots.
- an adhesive layer it can be suitably used as a laminated film integrated with various members.
- the acrylic resin contained in such an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer for example, the following embodiments are preferable.
- the acrylic resin is preferably a (meth) acrylic acid ester homopolymer or a copolymer thereof.
- the acrylate ester used as the monomer of the acrylic resin include those having an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n -Propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, n-octyl (Meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, etc. are mentioned. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- monomers having an unsaturated double bond for example, monomers such as olefins and vinyls (excluding acrylics) such as ethylene, vinyl acetate, Styrene or the like can also be contained as a copolymerization component. These other monomers having an unsaturated double bond can be contained in the range of 20% by weight or less.
- the (meth) acrylic resin coexists with a monomer having a functional group together with the (meth) acrylic ester.
- the (meth) acrylic acid ester and the monomer having a functional group are copolymerized to obtain a (meth) acrylic resin having a functional group.
- the functional group and a crosslinking agent described later react to crosslink the (meth) acrylic resin.
- Examples of the monomer having a functional group include aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acids having a carboxyl group such as (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, and crotonic acid.
- the aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid is preferably contained in the (meth) acrylic resin in an amount of 5% by weight or less, preferably 3.5% by weight or less. In the case of more than 5% by weight, adhesive residue tends to occur after peeling.
- Other monomers having a functional group include those having a hydroxyl group such as (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl ester, (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxypropyl ester, 2-hydroxyvinyl ether, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, aminoethyl (meth) acrylate, those having an amino group such as dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate, those having an epoxy group such as glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, others, acrylonitrile and acrylamide These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- hydroxyl group such as (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl ester, (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxypropyl ester, 2-hydroxyvinyl ether, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, aminoethyl (meth) acrylate, those having an amino
- the total content of monomers having functional groups is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 20% by weight in the (meth) acrylic resin.
- a monomer having an amide group such as acrylamide because peeling of the adhesive and firing can be prevented.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer contains a crosslinking agent.
- a crosslinking agent polyfunctional isocyanate-based tolylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, trimethylolpropane modified tolylene diisocyanate, etc., polyfunctional epoxy such as ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol glycidyl ether, etc. N, N-hexamethylene-1,6-bis (1-aziridinecarboxamide), which is a cross-linking agent, trimethylolpropane-tri- ⁇ -aziridinylpropionate, etc.
- Examples thereof include acetylacetone complexes, peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, and melamine crosslinking agents. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 5% by weight.
- the (meth) acrylic resin preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 200,000 to 2,000,000, more preferably 500,000 to 2,000,000, still more preferably 700,000 to 1,500,000.
- a weight average molecular weight is the result measured by the gel permeation chromatography method.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer includes a plasticizer, an adhesive property modifier such as a silane coupling agent, a colorant for cancer, an inorganic filler such as silica, titanium dioxide, alumina, metal powder, metal oxide powder, Resin fine particles or the like may be contained, and each is used in an appropriate amount depending on the purpose.
- the thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to be formed can be appropriately set in the range of 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- adhesion-modified base film and the hard coat film of the present invention will be described using examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is naturally not limited to these examples. Moreover, the physical properties and properties of the adhesion-modified base film and the hard coat film described in the examples were evaluated using the following methods.
- Adhesiveness (%) (1 ⁇ number of peeled pieces / 100 pieces) ⁇ 100 Adhesion (%) is 90-100% Adhesion (%) is 80-89% ⁇ An adhesion (%) of 0 to 79% was evaluated as x.
- the center of the rank divided into three is adopted. For example, if ⁇ and ⁇ are two people each and ⁇ is one, ⁇ , ⁇ is one and ⁇ and ⁇ are two each, ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ are two each and ⁇ is 1. In the case of names, ⁇ is adopted.
- ⁇ In both of the hard coat agents (A) and (B), no iris color is observed even when observed from all angles.
- ⁇ Either or both of the hard coat agents (A) and (B), a slight iris color can be seen depending on an angle.
- X A clear iris-like color is observed in either or both of the hard coat agents (A) and (B)
- Coating amount of adhesive modified layer (A) and coating layer (B) Cut out to 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm area from the adhesive modified base film obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples, 10 sample films It was created. Wipe the adhesive modified layer (A) surface or the coating layer (B) surface of the sample film with a cloth soaked with a mixed organic solvent of methyl ethyl ketone / toluene 1/1, and measure the weight before and after wiping (Shimadzu Corporation) In order to minimize the influence of dust, AUW120D (manufactured by KK) was used, and the measurement was performed in an environment of class 1000. It converted into per square meter from the measured weight difference, and computed the application quantity (mg / m ⁇ 2 >).
- the organic solvent is not limited to this as long as it can remove the adhesion modified layer (A) and the coating layer (B).
- the coating amount may be measured using a fluorescent X-ray apparatus based on a calibration curve prepared in advance.
- a sample film was cut out to an area of 20 cm ⁇ 10 cm from the same adhesive property modified base film, and the longitudinal direction end portion was fixed to a flat metal plate with the adhesive modified layer (A) side up with an adhesive tape. .
- the measurement surface of the metal rectangular parallelepiped with the sample film attached thereon was placed in contact, and the static friction coefficient ( ⁇ s) and dynamic friction coefficient ( ⁇ d) were measured under the conditions of a pulling speed of 200 mm / min, 23 ° C. and 65% RH. .
- RTM-100 made by Toyo BALDWIN was used for the measurement, and the static friction coefficient ( ⁇ s) and dynamic friction coefficient ( ⁇ d) were measured according to JIS. The calculation was made according to K-7125, and the difference ( ⁇ ) was obtained.
- Adhesive modified layer (A) surface of the adhesive modified base film obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples The non-contact three-dimensional shape measuring device manufactured by Micromap Using TYPE550, the surface shape of a visual field (measurement range) of 83.2 ⁇ 83.2 ⁇ m was measured under the following measurement conditions. Measurement condition: wave mode Objective lens: 50 times Subsequently, in the contour line display mode, an image in which the measurement surface is color-coded according to the height was displayed. At this time, surface correction (quaternary function correction) was performed to remove the waviness of the surface shape.
- the average height within the measurement range is set to 0 nm
- the maximum height is set to 100 nm
- the minimum height is set to -100 nm
- the protrusions with a height of 100 nm or more are displayed in red.
- the number of surface protrusions having a height of 100 nm or more per square millimeter was counted.
- the cross-sectional profile display mode of the same measurement visual field was displayed.
- the cursor was pinched at both ends so as to be along the long direction of the surface protrusion having a height of 100 nm or more and so that the cursor passed through the highest height position of the surface protrusion.
- the height scale was adjusted to display the entire surface protrusion.
- the cross-sectional profile display screen is displayed so as to be height (+40 nm to ⁇ 5 nm) ⁇ width (0 mm to 0.05 mm) as shown in FIG. 3, and the cross-sectional profile and the average height line within the measurement range are 0 nm in height.
- the distance between the two intersections where the line intersected was read, and the maximum diameter of the ridge portion was measured. The measurement was repeated for 30 protrusions, and the average value was obtained.
- the surface layer of the substrate film contains inert particles, the area of the substrate film having no large unevenness is measured for the size of the surface protrusions of the surface protrusions of 100 nm or more by the above measurement.
- the hard coat film sample coated with the hard coat agent (A) obtained in the examples and comparative examples is a visible light curable resin (manufactured by JEOL Datum, D -800) and cured by exposure to visible light at room temperature.
- an ultrathin section having a thickness of about 70 to 100 nm was prepared using an ultramicrotome equipped with a diamond knife, and stained in ruthenium tetroxide vapor for 30 minutes.
- TEM 2010, manufactured by JEOL Ltd. the stained ultrathin section was observed for the cross section of the hard coat layer and examined for the presence of an independent organic-inorganic composite. Note that the magnification of the photograph is set as appropriate in the range of 10,000 to 100,000 times. In Example 1 of the present invention, the magnification was 80,000 times (acceleration voltage 200 kv).
- Polyester resin, oligomer content of adhesive modified substrate film Weigh polyester resin or adhesive modified substrate film to 0.1 g, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro Dissolve in 3 ml of a mixed solvent of -2-propanol / chloroform (2/3 (volume ratio)). Add 20 ml of chloroform to the resulting solution and mix uniformly. 10 ml of methanol is added to the resulting mixture to reprecipitate the linear polyester. The mixture is then filtered, and the precipitate is washed with 30 ml of a mixed solvent of chloroform / methanol (2/1 (volume ratio)) and further filtered. The filtrate obtained is concentrated to dryness on a rotary evaporator. Add 10 ml of dimethylformamide to the concentrated dry product to obtain a cyclic oligomer measurement solution. This measurement solution is quantified using LC100 type high performance liquid chromatography manufactured by Yokogawa Electric Corporation.
- Color b * value of the adhesive modified base film The adhesive modified base film was cut into 50 mm squares, and 10 sheets of each were overlapped to prepare 5 sets of samples. A color meter ZE2000 manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. was used as a measuring device, and a color b * value was measured in a reflection mode in accordance with JIS K 7105 “Plastic Optical Properties Test Method” color and color difference. The measurement was performed 5 times, and the average value was defined as the color b * value of the adhesive modified base film.
- the same operation was performed 150 times continuously at intervals of 2 ⁇ m in the width direction of the film, that is, over 0.3 mm in the width direction of the film, and the data was taken into the analyzer.
- the center plane average roughness (SRa) and the ten-point average roughness (SRz) were determined using an analyzer.
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive solution was prepared by blending 1 part and further adding ethyl acetate to adjust the solid content concentration to 20%.
- the said adhesive solution was apply
- an adhesive layer was formed.
- Example 1 Preparation of coating solution (A-1) A coating solution (A-1) for obtaining the adhesion modified layer (A) was prepared according to the following method. (Synthesis of copolymer polyester resin) Dimethyl terephthalate (95 parts by mass), dimethyl isophthalate (95 parts by mass), ethylene glycol (35 parts by mass), neopentyl glycol (145 parts by mass), zinc acetate (0.1 parts by mass) and antimony trioxide (0. 1 part by mass) was charged into a reaction vessel, and a transesterification reaction was performed at 180 ° C. over 3 hours.
- Synthesis of copolymer polyester resin Dimethyl terephthalate (95 parts by mass), dimethyl isophthalate (95 parts by mass), ethylene glycol (35 parts by mass), neopentyl glycol (145 parts by mass), zinc acetate (0.1 parts by mass) and antimony trioxide (0. 1 part by mass) was charged into a reaction vessel, and a transesterification reaction was
- the urethane prepolymer solution was brought to 40 ° C., then, 45.5 parts by mass of a 20% by mass aqueous sodium bisulfite solution was added, and the mixture was reacted at 40-50 ° C. for 30 minutes while vigorously stirring.
- the aqueous solution of the self-crosslinking polyurethane resin containing the isocyanate group diluted with emulsified water and blocked with sodium bisulfite having a solid content of 20% by mass (B) Got.
- the glass transition temperature was 45 ° C.
- Preparation of coating solution (A-1) 28.9 parts by mass of the obtained particle dispersion, 1.1 parts by mass of an aqueous dispersion of 15% by mass of the copolyester (A), 40 parts by mass of water, 30 parts by mass of isopropyl alcohol, and fluorine-based nonionic surfactant 0.02 parts by mass of a 10% by mass aqueous solution of the agent and 0.03 parts by mass of a catalyst (dibutyltin laurate) were mixed.
- the pH of the coating solution was adjusted to 6.2 with a 5% by weight aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and the solution was finely filtered with a felt type polypropylene filter having a filtration particle size (initial filtration efficiency: 95%) of 10 ⁇ m. -1) was prepared.
- the obtained cast film was heated to 95 ° C. with a heated roll group and an infrared heater, and then stretched 3.5 times in the longitudinal direction with a roll group having a peripheral speed difference to obtain a uniaxially oriented PET film.
- the coating solution (A-1) was finely filtered with a felt type polypropylene filter medium having a filtration particle size (initial filtration efficiency: 95%) of 10 ⁇ m, and applied to one side of a uniaxially oriented PET film by a roll coating method.
- the film was guided to a hot air zone having a temperature of 125 ° C. and stretched 4.3 times in the width direction.
- the film was treated at a temperature of 225 ° C. for 30 seconds, and further subjected to a relaxation treatment of 3% in the width direction.
- An adhesion-modified polyester film having m 2 and a film thickness of 125 ⁇ m was obtained.
- Hard coat agent (A) Organic / inorganic hybrid hard coating agent (Desolite Z7410B manufactured by JSR Corporation; solid content concentration: 50% by mass) mainly composed of ultraviolet curable acrylate monomer, zirconium oxide ultrafine particles, and methyl ethyl ketone.
- the refractive index of the hard coat layer thus obtained was 1.65.
- Hard coat agent (B) Titanium dioxide fine particles (manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd., TTO-55B), carboxylic acid group-containing monomer (manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd., Aronics M-5300) and cyclohexanone are dispersed by a sand grinder mill, and the weight average particle size is A dispersion of 55 nm titanium dioxide fine particles was prepared.
- dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., DPHA
- photo radical polymerization initiator Ciba Geigy, Irgacure 184; total amount of monomers (dipentaerythritol hexa) 5 mass%) was mixed with respect to the total amount of acrylate and anionic monomer), and the refractive index of the hard coat layer was adjusted to 1.60.
- Example 2 In preparation of the coating solution for the adhesion modified layer (A), a water-dispersible acrylic-styrene copolymer resin (Nippon Shokubai Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used instead of the 15% by mass aqueous dispersion of the copolymerized polyester (A) used in Example 1.
- the adhesion modified layer (A) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating liquid (A-2) using an aqueous dispersion of 15% by mass of Acryset 270E) manufactured by Co., Ltd. was used.
- Example 3 An adhesive modified polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating amount of the adhesive modified layer (A) was changed to 9 mg / m 2 .
- Example 4 An adhesive modified polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating amount of the adhesive modified layer (A) was changed to 3 mg / m 2 .
- Example 5 An adhesive modified polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating amount of the adhesive modified layer (A) was changed to 12 mg / m 2 .
- Example 6 In the preparation of the coating solution for the adhesion-modified layer (A), Example 1 was used except that spherical silica having an average particle size of 65 nm was used as the particle A and the coating solution (A-3) to which the particle B was not added was used. In the same manner, an adhesive modified polyester film was obtained.
- Example 7 In the preparation of the coating solution for the adhesion modified layer (A), the coating solution (A-4) was used except that the stirring time of the dispersion of the polyurethane resin (B) and the particles A and B was 3 hours. 1 was used to obtain an adhesion-modified polyester film.
- Example 8 In preparation of the coating solution for the adhesion modified layer (A), instead of 0.8 part by mass of the polyurethane resin (B), a polyurethane resin having a glass transition point of 35 ° C. (Takelac W-511 (manufactured by Mitsui Takeda Chemical)) An adhesion-modified polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating solution (A-5) prepared using 0.4 part by mass was used.
- Example 9 In the preparation of the coating solution for the adhesion modified layer (A), the coating solution (A-6) was used except that the stirring time of the dispersion of the polyurethane resin (B) and the particles A and B was 0.5 hours. In the same manner as in Example 1, an adhesion-modified polyester film was obtained.
- Example 1 An adhesive modified polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating liquid (A-1) was not applied, that is, the adhesive modified layer (A) was not formed. .
- the obtained film had high frictional resistance, and the coefficient of friction could not be measured.
- Example 2 The adhesive modified polyester film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating solution for the adhesive modification layer (A) was the coating solution (A-7) shown below and the coating amount was 100 mg / m 2. Obtained.
- 0.3 parts by mass of a 10% by mass aqueous solution of a fluorine-based nonionic surfactant 2.3 parts by mass of a 20% by mass aqueous colloidal silica dispersion having an average particle diameter of 40 nm as particles A, and an average particle as particles B 0.5 parts by mass of a 3.5 mass% aqueous dispersion of dry silica having a diameter of 200 nm (average primary particle diameter of 40 nm) was added.
- the pH of the coating solution was adjusted to 6.2 with a 5% by weight aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and the solution was precisely filtered with a felt type polypropylene filter having a filtration particle size (initial filtration efficiency: 95%) of 10 ⁇ m. 7) was prepared.
- Example 3 The coating amount of 7 mg was applied in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the coating solution for the adhesion modified layer (A) was changed to the coating solution (A-8) shown below, that is, the pretreatment at the time of particle addition was not performed. An adhesive modified polyester film of / m 2 was obtained.
- the pH of the coating solution was adjusted to 6.2 with a 5% by weight aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and the solution was precisely filtered with a felt type polypropylene filter having a filtration particle size (initial filtration efficiency: 95%) of 10 ⁇ m. 8) was adjusted.
- the pH of the coating solution was adjusted to 6.2 with a 5% by weight aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and the solution was precisely filtered with a felt type polypropylene filter having a filtration particle size (initial filtration efficiency: 95%) of 10 ⁇ m. 8) was adjusted.
- the coating solution for the adhesion modified layer (A) was the same as the coating solution (A-10) shown below, that is, a coating solution containing no particles, and the coating layer (B) was not provided.
- an adhesion modified polyester film having an application amount of 15 mg / m 2 was obtained.
- the obtained film had high frictional resistance, and the coefficient of friction could not be measured.
- the pH of the coating solution was adjusted to 6.2 with a 5% by weight aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and the solution was precisely filtered with a felt type polypropylene filter having a filtration particle size (initial filtration efficiency: 95%) of 10 ⁇ m. 10) was adjusted.
- Example 10 (1) Production of PET resin (M1) The temperature of the esterification reaction can was increased, and when it reached 200 ° C, a slurry consisting of 86.4 parts by mass of terephthalic acid and 64.4 parts by mass of ethylene glycol was charged. While stirring, 0.017 parts by mass of antimony trioxide and 0.16 parts by mass of triethylamine were added as catalysts. Next, the pressure was increased and the pressure esterification reaction was performed under the conditions of a gauge pressure of 3.5 kgf / cm 2 and 240 ° C.
- the inside of the esterification reaction vessel was returned to normal pressure, and 0.071 part by mass of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate and then 0.014 part by mass of trimethyl phosphate were added. Furthermore, the temperature was raised to 260 ° C. over 15 minutes, and 0.012 part by mass of trimethyl phosphate and then 0.0036 part by mass of sodium acetate were added. After 15 minutes, the obtained esterification reaction product was transferred to a polycondensation reaction can, gradually heated from 260 ° C. to 280 ° C. under reduced pressure, and subjected to a polycondensation reaction at 285 ° C.
- the obtained PET resin (M1) After completion of the polycondensation reaction, it is filtered through a NASRON filter with a 95% cut diameter of 5 ⁇ m, extruded into a strand from a nozzle, and cooled and solidified using cooling water that has been filtered (pore diameter: 1 ⁇ m or less) in advance. And cut into pellets.
- the obtained PET resin (M1) had an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dl / g, an oligomer content of 0.97% by mass, and contained substantially no inert particles and internally precipitated particles.
- PET resin (M2) A PET resin (M2) having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.47 dl / g was obtained by changing the polycondensation reaction time using the same method as for the PET resin (M1).
- PET resin (M1) and PET resin (M3) were each dried under reduced pressure (1 Torr) at 135 ° C. for 6 hours, and then PET resin (M1) was used as the raw material for the A layer.
- PET resin (M3) was supplied to two extruders as a raw material for the B layer, and each was melted at 285 ° C. Casting drum with surface temperature of 30 ° C. using casting method, laminating with 2 types 3 layers (a / b / a) merging block with a layer as outermost layer and b layer as intermediate layer, and extruding into a sheet form from the die The film was wound and solidified by cooling to form an unstretched film.
- Example 11 In Example 10, adhesion was performed in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the amount of each extruder was adjusted so that the thickness ratio of the outermost layer (a layer) was 40% of the total thickness. Modified polyester film was obtained.
- Example 12 an adhesive-modified polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the raw material for the a layer was a PET resin (M1), and the type 1 was a three-layer structure.
- M1 PET resin
- Example 13 an adhesive-modified polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the raw material for the a layer was a PET resin (M3), and the type 1 three-layer structure was used.
- Example 14 (1) Production of Adhesive Modified Base Film 10 parts by weight of dried UV absorber (2,2 ′-(1,4-phenylene) bis (4H-3,1-benzoxazinon-4-one) Then, 90 parts by weight of PET resin pellets containing no particles (intrinsic viscosity 0.62 dl / g) were mixed, and a kneading extruder was used to prepare a masterbatch (A) containing an ultraviolet absorber. It was 285 ° C.
- UV absorber 2,2 ′-(1,4-phenylene) bis (4H-3,1-benzoxazinon-4-one
- Example 15 80 parts by weight of PET resin pellets having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dl / g not containing particles and 20 parts of an ultraviolet absorber-containing master batch (A) as a raw material for the intermediate layer of the base film, a layer, b layer, c layer
- An adhesive modified polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the thickness ratio was 5: 90: 5 and the thickness of the adhesive modified polyester film was 100 ⁇ m.
- Example 16 80 parts by weight of PET resin pellets having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dl / g and 14 parts of UV-absorbing master batch (A) as a raw material for the intermediate layer of the base film and a layer, b layer, c layer
- An adhesive modified polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the thickness ratio was 5: 90: 5 and the thickness of the adhesive modified polyester film was 50 ⁇ m.
- Example 17 80 parts by weight of PET resin pellets having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dl / g not containing particles and 8 parts of a UV absorber-containing masterbatch (A) as a raw material for the intermediate layer of the base film, a layer, b layer, c layer
- An adhesive modified polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the thickness ratio was 5: 90: 5 and the thickness of the adhesive modified polyester film was 50 ⁇ m.
- Example 18 80 parts by weight of PET resin pellets having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dl / g and 6 parts of a UV absorber-containing masterbatch (A) as a raw material for the intermediate layer of the base film and a layer, b layer, c layer
- An adhesive modified polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the thickness ratio was 5: 90: 5 and the thickness of the adhesive modified polyester film was 50 ⁇ m.
- Example 19 80 parts by weight of PET resin pellets having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dl / g not containing particles and 20 parts of an ultraviolet absorber-containing master batch (A) as a raw material for the intermediate layer of the base film, a layer, b layer, c layer
- An adhesive modified polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the thickness ratio was 5: 90: 5 and the thickness of the adhesive modified polyester film was 38 ⁇ m.
- Example 20 The raw material for the intermediate layer of the base film is 83 parts by weight of PET resin pellets containing no particles and having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dl / g and 17 parts of a masterbatch containing ultraviolet absorber (A), and a layer, b layer, c layer
- An adhesive modified polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the thickness ratio was 5: 90: 5 and the thickness of the adhesive modified polyester film was 25 ⁇ m.
- Example 22 10 dried UV absorbers, 2- (5-chloro (2H) -benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-methyl-6- (tert-butyl) phenol (TINUVIN 326, manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) Part by weight and 90 parts by weight of PET resin pellets (inherent viscosity: 0.62 dl / g) containing no particles were mixed, and an ultraviolet absorbent-containing master batch (C) was prepared using a kneading extruder. The extrusion temperature at this time was 285 ° C.
- PET resin pellets having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dl / g and containing 10 parts of a UV absorber-containing masterbatch (C) as a raw material for an intermediate layer of a base film are vacuum-dried at 135 ° C. for 6 hours (1 Torr ),
- An adhesion-modified polyester film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 16 except that these two polymers were used.
- Example 23 (1) Production of Adhesive Modified Base Film A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin pellet A containing no inert particles and having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dl / g as a raw material for the b layer is obtained at 135 ° C. 6 It was dried under reduced pressure (1 Torr) for a period of time. Subsequently, the dried PET pellets were supplied to the A layer extruder (1). As a raw material for the B layer, the above-described resin pellet A and resin pellet B having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dl / g containing 1500 ppm of irregular-shaped massive silica particles having an average particle size of 2.3 ⁇ m are mixed at a ratio of 80:20.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the dried PET pellets were supplied to the B layer extruder (2). After the polymer supplied to the extruder is melted at 285 ° C., each is filtered with a filter medium having a filtration particle size (initial filtration efficiency of 95%) of 15 ⁇ m, and laminated so as to be a layer / b layer / a layer, After adjusting the discharge rate of the extruder so that the lamination ratio is 5: 90: 5, it is extruded in a layer form from a T die at 285 ° C., and is solidified closely to a rotary cooling roll at 25 ° C. to obtain an unstretched PET film. It was.
- the obtained unstretched PET film was heated to 95 ° C. with a heated roll group and an infrared heater, and then stretched 3.5 times in the longitudinal direction with a roll group having a peripheral speed difference to obtain a uniaxially oriented PET film.
- the coating liquid (A-1) is microfiltered with a filter medium having a filtration particle size (initial filtration efficiency: 95%) of 10 ⁇ m, and uniaxially by a roll coating method so that the coating amount after drying becomes 7 mg / m 2. It applied to one side of an oriented PET film.
- this uniaxially stretched PET film was guided to a clip-type transverse stretching machine, stretched 4.0 times in the transverse direction at 130 ° C, then heat-set at 230 ° C, and then 3% relaxed in the transverse direction at 200 ° C.
- an adhesive modified base film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m was obtained.
- Hard coat agent Organic / inorganic hybrid hard coating agent (Desolite Z7410B manufactured by JSR Corporation; solid content concentration: 50% by mass) mainly composed of ultraviolet curable acrylate monomer, zirconium oxide ultrafine particles, and methyl ethyl ketone.
- the refractive index of the hard coat layer thus obtained was 1.65.
- Example 24 In Example 23, the same procedure as in Example 23 was used, except that resin pellet C having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dl / g and containing 1500 ppm of irregular-shaped massive silica particles having an average particle size of 3.5 ⁇ m was used instead of resin pellet B. Thus, an adhesion-modified base film was obtained.
- Example 25 In Example 23, the same procedure as in Example 23 was used, except that instead of the resin pellet B, a resin pellet D having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.62 dl / g and containing 1500 ppm of irregular-shaped massive silica having an average particle size of 4.0 ⁇ m was used. The adhesion modified substrate film was obtained by this method.
- Example 26 an adhesion-modified base film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 23 except that the ratio of resin pellet A and resin pellet B was mixed at 90:10.
- coating liquid (B-1) 13.74 parts by mass of aqueous copolymerized polyester dispersion (A), 2.51 parts by mass of a 44% by mass solution of bis (lactato) oxotitanium, diisopropoxybis (triethanol (Aminato) 1.38 parts by mass of an 80% by mass solution of titanium, 41.37 parts by mass of water, and 40.00 parts by mass of isopropyl alcohol were mixed. 50 parts by mass and 0.50 parts by mass of an aqueous dispersion of colloidal silica fine particles (average particle size 80 nm) were added to prepare a coating liquid (B-1). The pH of this coating solution (B-1) was 6.4.
- Example 2 Production of Adhesive Modified Substrate Film
- the coating liquid (A-1) was applied to one side of a uniaxially oriented PET film and the coating liquid (B-1) was applied to the opposite side. Except that, an adhesive modified polyester film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 32 The coating solution for obtaining the coating layer (B) was the same as in Example 27 except that the coating solution (A-5) used in Example 8 was used and the coating amount was 100 mg / m 2. A quality polyester film was obtained.
- the adhesive modified base film of the present invention has less process contamination due to powder falling, and when laminating a hard coat layer and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, while maintaining practical adhesion, particularly under a three-wavelength fluorescent lamp Since there are few interference spots, it is useful from the viewpoint of improving visibility as a member for display applications such as a liquid crystal display, plasma display, ITO, and organic EL display.
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Abstract
Description
(1)熱可塑性樹脂フィルムからなる基材フィルムの少なくとも片面に接着性改質層(A)が積層された接着性改質基材フィルムであって、前記接着性改質層(A)はポリエステル系樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂から選ばれる少なくとも1種の樹脂、ならびに無機粒子を含有し、前記接着性改質層(A)の塗布量が3~12mg/m2であり、且つ、前記接着性改質層(A)表面の高さ100nm以上の表面突起の山スソ部の最大径平均値が10μm以上である接着性改質基材フィルム。
なお、該表面突起の山スソ部の最大径は非接触式表面粗さ計で測定する。
(2)前記接着性改質層(A)面どうしの静摩擦係数(μs)と動摩擦係数(μd)の差(Δμ)が0.20以下である前記接着性改質基材フィルム。
(3)前記基材フィルムが粒子を実質的に含有しない熱可塑性樹脂フィルムからなる前記接着性改質基材フィルム。
(4)前記基材フィルムが3層以上の積層ポリエステルフィルムからなり、前記基材フィルム中のオリゴマー含有量が0.60質量%以上、0.90質量%以下である前記接着性改質基材フィルム。
(5)前記基材フィルムは3層以上の積層ポリエステルフィルムからなり、中間層には紫外線吸収剤を含む前記接着性改質基材フィルム。
(6)前記基材フィルムがb層の少なくとも片面にa層が共押出法により積層された積層ポリエステルフィルムからなり、からなり、少なくとも前記a層面に接着性改質層(A)が積層されており、前記a層は平均粒径1~10μmの不活性粒子を0.05~0.1質量%含有する前記接着性改質基材フィルム。
(7)前記基材フィルムの一方の面に接着性改質層(A)、他方の面に塗布層(B)が積層された接着性改質基材フィルムであって、前記塗布層(B)はポリエステル系樹脂とチタン化合物とを含有する前記接着性改質基材フィルム。
(8)前記塗布層(B)が、水性ポリエステル樹脂とチタンラクテート化合物とチタントリエタノールアミネート化合物とを含有する塗布液(B)を塗布、乾燥してなるものであって、前記塗布液(B)に含まれる水性ポリエステル樹脂の質量を(a)、チタンラクテート化合物の質量を(b)、および、チタントリエタノールアミネート化合物の質量を(c)とするとき、(a)/[(b)+(c)]が50/50~80/20であり、かつ、(b)/(c)が35/65~65/35である前記接着性改質基材フィルム。
(9)前記接着性改質層(A)が共重合ポリエステルとポリウレタンと無機粒子とを含む前記接着性改質基材フィルム。
(10)前記接着性改質基材フィルムの前記接着性改質層(A)面に未硬化の硬化型樹脂を塗布することによりハードコート層を積層したときに、前記ハードコート層が前記基材フィルムに直接積層され、前記基材フィルムと前記ハードコート層との境界領域に点在する有機-無機複合体を有するハードコートフィルム。
(11)前記ハードコート層の屈折率が1.60から1.65である前記ハードコートフィルム。
好ましい実施態様としては、上記効果に加え、ハードコート処理加工、及びその前後の加工処理において、加温処理が施されても、高い透明性と優れた干渉斑低減がえられ、かつ高い接着性を有するハードコートフィルムを得ることができる。
好ましい実施態様としては、上記効果に加え、ディスプレイ部材として用いた場合、近赤外線吸収剤、ヨウ素色素、カラー色素などの光学機能性色素の劣化を抑制することができる。
好ましい態様としては、上記効果に加え、ハードコート層の反対側に粘着剤層を設けても、積層体全体として干渉斑の低減が図られる。
本発明で用いる基材フィルムの厚さは、特に制限しないが、20~400μmの範囲で、使用する用途の規格に応じて任意に決めることができる。基材フィルムの厚みの上限は、350μmが好ましく、300μmがより好ましい。一方、フィルム厚みの下限は、50μmが好ましく、さらに好ましくは75μmであり、特に好ましくは100μmである。フィルム厚みが20μm未満では、剛性や機械的強度が不十分となりやすい。一方、フィルム厚みが400μmを超えると、フィルム中に存在する異物の絶対量が増加するため、光学欠点となる頻度が高くなる。また、フィルムを所定の幅に切断する際のスリット性も悪化し、製造コストが高くなる。さらに、剛性が強くなるため、長尺のフィルムをロール状に巻き取ることが困難になりやすい。
本発明の接着性改質基材フィルムの好ましい態様として、加熱加工による透明性の低下を防ぐ場合は、170℃で20分間熱処理したときのフィルムヘイズ変化量ΔHz(ΔHz=加熱後ヘイズ-加熱前ヘイズ)が1.5%未満、好ましくは0.5%、より好ましくは0.3%とすることが好ましい。この場合、基材フィルムのオリゴマー含有量は、0.90質量%以下であることが好ましい。基材フィルムのオリゴマー含有量が0.90質量%以下であれば、高温化の処理でもオリゴマーの析出が少なく、加熱によるヘイズ変化量が上記範囲内になり好ましい。
また、本発明で用いる接着性改質基材フィルムは高度な透明性が要求されるため、基材フィルム中には、透明性を低下させる原因となる粒子を実質的に含有させないことが好ましい。
粒子を電子顕微鏡で写真を撮り、最も小さい粒子1個の大きさが2~5mmとなるような倍率で、300~500個の粒子の最大径を測定し、その平均値を平均一次粒径または平均粒径とする。また、接着性改質基材フィルムの接着性改質層中の粒子の平均粒径を求める場合は、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用いて、倍率12万倍で接着性改質基材フィルムの断面を撮影し、複合体の粒子の最大径を求めることができる。凝集体からなる粒子の平均粒径は、接着性改質基材フィルムの接着性改質層の断面を、光学顕微鏡を用いて倍率200倍で200個以上撮影し、その最大径を測定する。
本発明の熱可塑性樹脂には、本発明の効果を妨げない範囲で、触媒以外に各種の添加剤を含有させることができる。添加剤として、例えば、無機粒子、耐熱性高分子粒子、アルカリ金属化合物、アルカリ土類金属化合物、リン化合物、帯電防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、耐光剤、難燃剤、熱安定剤、酸化防止剤、ゲル化防止剤、界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
本発明の接着性改質基材フィルムは、基材フィルムの少なくとも片面に接着性改質層(A)を積層してなる。本発明の接着性改質層(A)は、ポリエステル系樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂から選ばれた少なくとも1種の樹脂、ならびに無機粒子を含有する。本発明の接着性改質層(A)を構成するポリエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ウレタン樹脂は、基材フィルムおよびハードコート層の両方に対して接着性を有し、ハードコート剤に含まれる有機溶剤に適度に膨潤する。上述の樹脂は単独で用いてもよいし、異なる2種の樹脂、例えば、ポリエステル樹脂とウレタン樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂とアクリル樹脂、あるいはウレタン樹脂とアクリル樹脂を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本明細書において、接着性改質層(A)を形成とする為の塗布液を塗布液(A)とし、他方の面に形成する後述の塗布層(B)を形成する塗布液を塗布液(B)と区別する(なお、実施例での表記は別途指示に従う)。本発明の接着性改質層(A)を塗布法を用いて形成する場合、塗布液(A)に用いる材料は、樹脂及び分散媒あるいは溶媒である。本発明において、塗布液(A)は、水性であることが好ましい。また、本発明では、樹脂成分以外に、無機粒子を併用する。さらに、界面活性剤を併用することが好ましく、必要に応じて、及び界面活性剤、帯電防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、有機潤滑剤、抗菌剤、光酸化触媒などの添加剤を用いることができる。
本発明において、複合体を構成する樹脂として、ポリエステル系樹脂、特に共重合ポリエステル(PEs)とポリウレタン系樹脂、特にポリウレタン(PU)を用いるのが接着性の観点から好ましい。この場合、塗布液(A)中の共重合ポリエステル(PEs)とポリウレタン(PU)の固形分基準の質量比は、(PEs)/(PU)=70/30~30/70が好ましく、特に好ましくは60/40~40/60である。なお、複合体の樹脂は、前記の共重合ポリエステルとポリウレタン以外の第3の樹脂を併用することもできる。また、架橋剤を併用してもかまわない。
例えば、複合体にポリエステル系樹脂として共重合ポリエステルを用いる場合、芳香族ジカルボン酸成分と、グリコール成分としてエチレングリコールと分岐状グリコールを構成成分とすることが好ましい。前記の分岐状グリコールとは、例えば、2,2-ジメチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、2-メチル-2-エチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、2-メチル-2-ブチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、2-メチル-2-プロピル-1,3-プロパンジオール、2-メチル-2-イソプロピル-1,3-プロパンジオール、2-メチル-2-n-ヘキシル-1,3-プロパンジオール、2,2-ジエチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、2-エチル-2-n-ブチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、2-エチル-2-n-ヘキシル-1,3-プロパンジオール、2,2-ジ-n-ブチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、2-n-ブチル-2-プロピル-1,3-プロパンジオール、及び2,2-ジ-n-ヘキシル-1,3-プロパンジオールなどが挙げられる。
ポリウレタン系樹脂として複合体が含み得るポリウレタンは、熱反応型ポリウレタン樹脂が好ましく、例えば、末端イソシアネート基を活性水素基で封鎖(以下ブロックと言う)した、水溶性または水分散性ポリウレタンなどが挙げられる。
複合体にアクリル系樹脂を用いる場合の水分散性または水溶性のアクリル樹脂とは、例えば、アクリレートおよび/またはメタクリレート樹脂、あるいは、これらと、スチレンなどの不飽和二重結合を有する、アクリル樹脂と共重合可能な脂肪族化合物または芳香族化合物との共重合体が挙げられる。ハードコート層に対する接着性の優れた接着性改質層(A)として親水性に優れたアクリル-スチレン共重合樹脂として、乳化重合による水分散性アクリル-スチレンランダム共重合樹脂が最も好ましい。
本発明においては、溶媒とは、樹脂を溶解する液だけではなく、樹脂を粒子状に分散させるために用いる分散媒も広義的に含むものである。本発明を実施するためには、有機溶媒、水性溶媒等の各種溶媒を用いることができる。
前記の水性塗布液(A)を熱可塑性樹脂フィルム(基材フィルム)の表面に塗布する際には、該フィルムへの濡れ性を向上させ、塗布液(A)を均一に塗布するために一般に界面活性剤が使用することが好ましい。
透明性が高度に要求される光学機能性フィルムとしてハードコートフィルムや該フィルムを使用する際は、基材フィルムのヘイズは1.5%以下であることが好ましい。ヘイズが1.5%を超えると、フィルムをディスプレイ部材等に用いた場合、画面の鮮明度が低下するので好ましくない。
粒子を電子顕微鏡で写真を撮り、最も小さい粒子1個の大きさが2~5mmとなるような倍率で、300~500個の粒子の最大径を測定し、その平均値を平均一次粒径または平均粒径とする。また、接着性改質基材フィルムの接着性改質層(A)中の粒子の平均粒径を求める場合は、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用いて、倍率12万倍で接着性改質基材フィルムの断面を撮影し、複合体の粒子の最大径を求めることができる。凝集体からなる粒子の平均粒径は、接着性改質基材フィルムの接着性改質層(A)の断面を、光学顕微鏡を用いて倍率200倍で300~500個撮影し、その最大径を測定する。
携帯電話、PDA、モバイル型コンピュータのように、情報端末を屋外で使用する機会が増えている。さらに、カーナビゲーションなどに用いられるタッチパネルのように、夏場に高温になる車内で使用される材料も増えている。したがって、このような高温、高湿の過酷な環境下でも品質変化が少ないハードコートフィルム、すなわち、耐湿熱接着性に優れたフィルムが、このような用途では要望されている。
前記の塗布液(A)を塗布する工程は、該フィルムの製造工程中に塗布するインラインコート法が好ましい。さらに好ましくは、結晶配向が完了する前の基材フィルムに塗布する。塗布液(A)中の固形分濃度は、2質量%以下であることが好ましく、特に好ましくは1質量%以下である。固形分濃度の下限は0.1質量%が好ましく、さらに好ましくは0.3質量%である。該塗布液(A)が塗布されたフィルムは、配向および熱固定のためにテンターに導かれ、そこで加熱されて、熱架橋反応により安定な被膜を形成し、接着性改質基材フィルムとなる。
本発明の好ましい実施態様として、さらにもう片面に、ポリエステル系樹脂とチタン化合物とを含有する塗布層(B)を設けることができる。この場合、積層構造としては、塗布層(B)/基材フィルム/接着性改質層(A)という順序になる。
、ジイソプロポキシビス(トリエタノールアミナト)チタン 、ジ-n-ブトキシビス(トリエタノールアミナト)チタン 、ヒドロキシビス(ラクタト)チタン 、ヒドロキシビス(ラクタト)チタン
のアンモニウム塩、チタン ベロキソクエン酸アンモニウム塩等が挙げられる。
前記チタン化合物1種のみでは塗布液(B)のpHが酸性、または塩基性に大きく偏る傾向にある。塩基性に大きく偏った塗布液(B)から得られた塗布層(B)上にイソシアネート硬化型アクリル樹脂系粘着剤を積層した場合、粘着層の厚み方向に硬化むらが生じやすくなり、結果として、ディスプレイ前面へ貼り付ける際に、貼り付け不良時の再作業性が低下する。再作業性(リワーク性)が低下するということは、剥離時に粘着剤層がディスプレイ前面から残存量が多くなるという問題が生じることである。また、酸性に大きく偏った塗布液(B)から得られた塗布層(B)上にイソシアネート硬化型アクリル樹脂系粘着剤を積層した場合、粘着剤の硬化阻害を起こしやすく同様に前記リワーク性が低下する。前記チタン化合物1種のみでは塗布液(B)のpHが酸性、または塩基性である。液のpH調整のため、酸性の場合はアミン、アンモニア、水酸化ナトリウム等の塩基性化合物、塩基性の場合はカルボン酸、塩酸、スルホン酸等の酸性化合物の添加によるpHを調整することが可能であるが、その場合は塗布層(B)がチタン化合物と水性ポリエステル樹脂との相溶性が低下し、その結果、塗膜が不均一となり粘着層との虹彩状色彩の抑制効果が低下し、さらに密着性が低下することから、本件の用途には不適である。
(a)ハードコート層
ハードコート層を構成する硬化型樹脂としては、電離放射線硬化型樹脂が好ましい。電離放射線硬化型樹脂としては、例えば、下記の樹脂が挙げられる。
(A)ハードコート層とは反対面に、ハードコート層、光拡散層、プリズム状レンズ層、電磁波吸収層、近赤外線遮断層、透明導電層から選択される、少なくとも1層の光学機能層を積層した光学機能性フィルム。
(b)ハードコート層の上に、反射防止層または防汚層を積層した光学機能性フィルム。
本発明の接着性改質基材フィルムの接着性改質層(A)表面上にハードコート層を積層した際、ハードコート層は基材フィルムに直接積層され、基材フィルムとハードコート層との境界領域には有機-無機複合体(以下、単に「複合体」とも表記する。)が点在する。有機-無機複合体は、ポリエステル樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、アクリル樹脂から選ばれる少なくとも1種の中に無機粒子が埋め込まれた構造をもつ。
本発明の好ましい実施態様としては、塗布層(B)表面にさらに粘着剤層を積層したハードコートフィルムである。本発明に用いられる粘着剤としては、密着性および干渉斑低減の点から、アクリル系樹脂を主成分とし、さらにイソシアネート系硬化剤を添加することが望ましい。かかる粘着剤層を設けることにより、各種部材と一体化した積層フィルムとして好適にもちいることができる。また、粘着剤層中には、必要に応じて、近赤外吸収剤などの色素を添加してもかまわない。このようなアクリル系粘着剤層に含有するアクリル系樹脂については、例えば、以下の態様が好ましい。
両面テープを貼り付けた厚さ5mmのガラス板に、実施例及び比較例で得られたハードコート剤(A)を塗布したハードコートフィルムのハードコート層を表側とし、反対面を貼り付けた。次いで、ハードコート層を貫通して、基材フィルムに達する100個の升目状の切り傷を、隙間間隔2mmのカッターガイドを用いて付けた。次いで、粘着テープ(ニチバン社製、405番;24mm幅)を升目状の切り傷面に貼り付けた。貼り付け時に界面に残った空気を消しゴムで押して、完全に接着させた後、粘着テープを勢いよく垂直に引き剥がして下記の式から接着性を目視により求めた。なお、1個の升目内で部分的に剥がれているものも、剥がれた個数に含めた。
接着性(%)=(1-升目の剥がれた個数/100個)×100
接着性(%)が90~100%を◎
接着性(%)が80~89%を○
接着性(%)が0~79%を×、とした。
実施例及び比較例で得られたハードコート剤(A)または(B)を塗布したハードコートフィルムを10cm×15cmの面積に切り出し、試料フィルムを作成した。得られた試料フィルムのハードコート層とは反対面に、黒色光沢テープを貼り合わせた。この試料フィルムのハードコート面を上面にして、3波長形昼白色蛍光灯(ナショナル パルック、F.L 15EX-N 15W)を光源として、斜め上方より反射光を目視で観察した。目視で観察した結果を、下記の基準でランク分けをする。なお、観察は該評価に精通した5名で行ない、最も多いランクを評価ランクとする。仮に、2つのランクで同数となった場合には、3つに分かれたランクの中心を採用した。例えば、○と△が各2名で×が1名の場合は△を、○が1名で△と×が各2名の場合には△を、○と×が各2名で△が1名の場合には△を、それぞれ採用する。
○:ハードコート剤(A)と(B)の両方とも、あらゆる角度からの観察でも虹彩状色彩が見られない。
△:ハードコート剤(A)と(B)のいずれか、もしくは両方で、ある角度によっては僅かに虹彩状色彩が見られる。
×:ハードコート剤(A)と(B)のいずれか、もしくは両方で、はっきりとした虹彩状色彩が観察される
実施例及び比較例で得られた接着性改質基材フィルムから10cm×10cmの面積に切り出し、10枚の試料フィルムを作成した。試料フィルムの接着性改質層(A)面、または塗布層(B)面をメチルエチルケトン/トルエン=1/1の混合有機溶剤を染み込ませた布で拭き取り、拭き取り前後の重量を精密天秤(島津製作所社製AUW120D)を用い、埃の影響を最小限にするために、クリーン度、クラス1000の環境下で測定した。測定した重量差から平方メートル当たりに換算し、塗布量(mg/m2)を算出した。
なお、有機溶剤は接着性改質層(A)および塗布層(B)を除去できるものであればこれに限定されない。
また、塗布量の測定は、予め作成した検量線に基づき、蛍光X線装置を用いて測定してもよい。
実施例及び比較例で得られた接着性改質基材フィルムから8cm×5cmの面積に切り出し、試料フィルムを作成した。これを大きさ6cm×5cmの底面を有する重さ4.4kgの金属製直方体底面に接着性改質層(A)面が外側になるように固定した。この時、試料フィルムの5cm幅方向と金属直方体の5cm幅方向を合わせ、試料フィルムの長手方向の一辺を折り曲げ、金属直方体の側面に粘着テープで固定した。
次いで、同じ接着性改質基材フィルムから20cm×10cmの面積に試料フィルムを切り出し、平らな金属板に接着性改質層(A)面を上にして長手方向端部を粘着テープで固定した。この上に試料フィルムを貼り付けた金属製直方体の測定面を接するように置き、引っ張りスピード200mm/分、23℃、65%RH条件下で静摩擦係数(μs)及び動摩擦係数(μd)を測定した。測定には東洋BALDWIN社製 RTM-100を用い、静摩擦係数(μs)及び動摩擦係数(μd)はJIS
K-7125に準拠して算出し、その差(Δμ)を求めた。
実施例及び比較例で得られた接着性改質基材フィルムの接着性改質層(A)表面をマイクロマップ社製非接触3次元形状測定装置TYPE550を用い、83.2×83.2μmの視野(測定範囲)の表面形状を以下の測定条件で測定した。
測定条件:waveモード
対物レンズ:50倍
次いで等高線表示モードにて、測定面が高さによって色分けされた画像を表示させた。この時、表面形状のうねりを除去するため面補正(4次関数補正)を行った。等高線表示モードでは、測定範囲内の平均高さを0nmとし、高さ最高値を100nm、高さ最低値を-100nmに設定し、高さ100nm以上の突起部分が赤色に表示されるように表示させ、1平方ミリ当たりの高さ100nm以上の表面突起の数を数えた。
基材フィルムの表層に不活性粒子を含有する場合は、基材フィルムに由来する大きな凹凸がない領域について、上記の測定により100nm以上の表面突起の山スソの大きさの測定し、表面突起の山スソ部の最大径平均値が10μm以上であった場合を○とした。
尚、同等かそれ以上の機能を有する測定機であればレーザーを使用した非接触粗さ測定器であっても良い。
JIS K 7142に基づき、アッベ屈折率計を用いて測定を行った。
実施例及び比較例で得られたハードコート剤(A)を塗布したハードコートフィルムの試料を可視光硬化型樹脂(日本電子データム社製、D-800)に包埋し、室温で可視光にさらして硬化させた。得られた包埋ブロックから、ダイアモンドナイフを装着したウルトラミクロトームを用いて70~100nm程度の厚みの超薄切片を作製し、四酸化ルテニウム蒸気中で30分間染色した。この染色された超薄切片を、透過型電子顕微鏡(日本電子株式会社製、TEM2010)を用いて、ハードコート層の断面を観察し、独立した有機-無機複合体の有無を調べた。なお、写真の拡大倍率は、10,000~100,000倍の範囲で適宜設定する。なお、本発明の実施例1では、拡大倍率を80,000倍(加速電圧200kv)とした。
JIS-K7121に準拠し、示差走査熱量計(セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社製、DSC6200)を使用して、-100℃~300℃の温度範囲にわたって10℃/minで昇温させ、DSC曲線から得られたガラス転移開始温度をガラス転移温度とした。
接着性改質基材フィルムを50mm四方に切り出し、JIS K 7105「プラスチックの光学的特性試験方法」ヘイズ(曇価)に準拠して加熱前ヘイズを測定した。測定器には、日本電色工業社製NDH-300A型濁度計を用いた。測定後、フィルムを170℃に加熱したオーブン内にセットし、20分間経過後フィルムを取り出す。その加熱後フィルムを上記と同様の方法でヘイズを測定し、加熱後ヘイズを得る。この加熱前後ヘイズ差をΔHzとする。
ΔHz=加熱後ヘイズ-加熱前ヘイズ
ポリエステル樹脂、または接着性改質基材フィルムを0.1gに秤量し、1,1,1,3,3,3―ヘキサフルオロ―2―プロパノール/クロロホルム(2/3(容量比))の混合溶媒3mlに溶解する。得られた溶液にクロロホルム20mlを加えて均一に混合する。得られた混合液にメタノール10mlを加え、線状ポリエステルを再沈殿させる。次いで、この混合液を濾過し、沈殿物をクロロホルム/メタノール(2/1(容量比))の混合溶媒30mlで洗浄し、さらに濾過する。得られた濾液をロータリーエバポレーターで濃縮乾固する。濃縮乾固物にジメチルホルムアミド10mlを加え、環状オリゴマー測定溶液とする。この測定溶液を横河電機(株)社製LC100型の高速液体クロマトグラフィーを使用して定量する。
接着性改質基材フィルムを50mm四方に切り出し、それぞれ10枚ずつ重ね合わせて、5セットのサンプルを作成した。測定器には、日本電色工業社製Color Meter ZE2000を用い、JIS K 7105「プラスチックの光学的特性試験方法」色、色差に準拠して反射モードにてカラーb*値を測定した。測定は5回行い、平均値を接着性改質基材フィルムのカラーb*値とした。
分光光度計(日立製作所製、U-3500型)を用い、空気層を標準として波長300~500nm領域の光線透過率を測定して、波長380nmにおける透過率を求めた。
ポリエステル0.1gをフェノール/テトラクロロエタン(容積比3/2)の混合溶液25g中に溶解させ、30℃にてオストワルド粘度計を用いて測定した。
基材フィルムに用いる不活性粒子を走査型電子顕微鏡(日立製作所製、S-51O型)で観察し、粒子の大きさに応じて適宜倍率を変え、写真撮影したものを拡大コピーした。次いで、ランダムに選んだ少なくとも200個以上の粒子について各粒子の外周をトレースし、画像解析装置にてこれらのトレース像から粒子の円相当径を測定し、これらの平均を平均粒子径とした。
JIS-K7105に準じ、濁度計(NHD2000、日本電色工業製)を使用して、基材フィルムのヘイズ、全光線透過率を測定した。
表層(a層)に不活性粒子を含有する密着性改質基材フィルムのa層側表面を、触針式三次元粗さ計(SE-3AK、株式会社小阪研究所社製)を用いて、針の半径2μm、荷重30mgの条件下に、フィルムの長手方向にカットオフ値0.25mmで、測定長1mmにわたり、針の送り速度0.1mm/秒で測定し、2μmピッチで500点に分割し、各点の高さを三次元粗さ解析装置(SPA-11)に取り込ませた。これと同様の操作をフィルムの幅方向について2μm間隔で連続的に150回、すなわちフィルムの幅方向0.3mmにわたって行い、解析装置にデータを取り込ませた。次に解析装置を用いて中心面平均粗さ(SRa)、十点平均粗さ(SRz)を求めた。
(粘着剤層の形成)
酢酸エチル中に、モノマーベースで35%となるように2-エチルヘキシルアクリレート100部およびアクリル酸3部を共重合して重量平均分子量50万(ポリスチレン換算)のアクリル系ポリマーを含有する溶液を得た。この溶液に、アクリル系ポリマー(乾燥重量)100部に対してエポキシ系架橋剤(三菱ガス化学(株)製,テトラッドC)4部およびイソシアネート系架橋剤(日本ポリウレタン工業(株)製,コロネートL)1部を配合し、さらに酢酸エチルを加え固形分濃度を20%に調整した粘着剤溶液を調製した。当該粘着剤溶液を、実施例、比較例で得られた接着性改質基材フィルムの塗布層(B)表面上に乾燥膜厚が25μmになるように塗布し、140℃で2分間乾燥して、粘着剤層を形成した。
JIS-Z-0237法に準拠し、対SUS板にフィルム片を貼合わせ手動により180°引きはがし試験を行い、SUS板上の状態を目視観察し、下記の基準で判断した。
◎:SUS板上に付着物および痕跡があらゆる視角からでも観察されない。
○:SUS板上に付着物はみられないが、痕跡がある視角では観察される。
△:SUS板上に付着物がある視角では観察される
×:SUS板上に付着物が観察される
上記(3)の評価対象の粘着剤層を有する接着性改質基材フィルムについて、上記(2)と同様の方法により、粘着剤層側から見た干渉斑を観察した。次いで粘着剤層を除去した後に干渉斑を再び観察した。粘着剤層の有無に伴って、観察される干渉斑が変化するか否かについて下記の様に評価した。
粘着剤層が有ることによって
◎:あらゆる角度からの観察でも虹彩状色彩が観察されない
〇:ある角度によっては僅かに虹彩状色彩が観察される
△:僅かに虹彩状色彩が観察される
×:はっきりとした虹彩状色彩が観察される
(1)塗布液(A-1)の調合
接着性改質層(A)を得るための塗布液(A-1)を以下の方法に従って調製した。
(共重合ポリエステル樹脂の合成)
ジメチルテレフタレート(95質量部)、ジメチルイソフタレート(95質量部)、エチレングリコール(35質量部)、ネオペンチルグリコール(145質量部)、酢酸亜鉛(0.1質量部)および三酸化アンチモン(0.1質量部)を反応容器に仕込み、180℃で3時間かけてエステル交換反応を行った。次に、5-ナトリウムスルホイソフタル酸(6.0質量部)を添加し、240℃で1時間かけてエステル化反応を行った後、250℃で減圧下(10~0.2mmHg)、2時間かけて重縮合反応を行い、数平均分子量が19,500で、ガラス転移温度が62℃である共重合ポリエステル樹脂(A)を得た。
得られた共重合ポリエステル系樹脂300質量部とブチルセロソルブ140質量部を160℃で3時間撹拌し粘稠な溶融液を得、この溶融液に水を徐々に添加し1時間後に均一な淡白色の固形分濃度15%の水分散液を得た。
アジピン酸//1.6ーヘキサンジオール/ネオペンチルグリコール(モル比:4//2/3)の組成からなるポリエステルジオール(OHV:2000eq/ton)100質量部と、キシリレンジイソシアネートを41.4質量部混合し、窒素気流下、80~90℃で1時間反応させた後、60℃まで冷却し、テトラヒドロフラン70質量部を加えて溶解し、ウレタンプレポリマー溶液(NCO/OH比:2.2、遊離イソシアネート基:3.30質量%)を得た。引き続き、前記のウレタンプレポリマー溶液を40℃にし、次いで、20質量%の重亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液を45.5質量部加えて激しく撹拌を行いつつ、40~50℃で30分間反応させた。遊離イソシアネート基含有量(固形分換算)の消失を確認した後、乳化水で希釈し、固形分20質量%の重亜硫酸ソーダでブロックしたイソシアネート基を含有する自己架橋型ポリウレタン系樹脂水溶液(B)を得た。ガラス転移温度は45℃であった。
水16.3質量部、イソプロピルアルコール11.6質量部の混合溶液に粒子Aとして平均粒径40nmの球状シリカの20質量%水分散液を0.16質量部、粒子Bとして平均粒径200nm(平均一次粒径40nm)の乾式法シリカの3.5質量部の水分散液を0.037質量部添加し、さらに固形分20質量%のポリウレタン系樹脂(B)0.8質量部を添加し、次いでこの分散液を30℃、1時間撹拌して粒子分散液を得た。この時、攪拌機としては粉体溶解機(T.K.ホモジェッターM型)を用い、分散条件は分散液10kgに対し回転数10000rpmとした。
得られた粒子分散液28.9質量部、共重合ポリエステル(A)の15質量%の水分散液を1.1質量部、水40質量部、イソプロピルアルコール30質量部、フッ素系ノニオン型界面活性剤の10質量%水溶液を0.02質量部、触媒(ジブチルチンラウレート)0.03質量部をそれぞれ混合した。が次いで、5質量%の重曹水溶液で塗布液のpHを6.2に調整し、濾過粒子サイズ(初期濾過効率:95%)が10μmのフェルト型ポリプロピレン製フィルターで精密濾過し、塗布液(A-1)を調製した。
原料ポリマーとして、粒子を含有していない、固有粘度が0.62dl/g(フェノール:1,1,2,2-テトラクロルエタン=6:4混合溶媒で溶解し30℃で測定)のポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)樹脂ペレットを135℃で6時間減圧乾燥(1Torr)した。次いで、乾燥後のPET樹脂ペレットを押し出し機に供給し、約285℃でシート状に溶融押し出して、表面温度20℃に保った金属ロール上で急冷固化し、キャストフィルムを得た。この際、溶融樹脂中の異物を除去する濾材として、濾過粒子サイズ(初期濾過効率:95%)が15μmのステンレス製焼結濾材を用いた。
得られた接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムの接着性改質層(A)面に下記ハードコート剤(A)または(B)をドライ厚みで3μmとなるように塗布し、80℃で3分間乾燥させた。次いで、高圧水銀灯で1000mJ/cm2の条件下で紫外線を照射し、樹脂を硬化させ、ハードコート層を形成させた。
紫外線硬化型アクリレートモノマー、酸化ジルコニウム超微粒子、メチルエチルケトンを主成分とする、有機/無機ハイブリッド系ハードコート剤(JSR株式会社製、デソライト Z7410B;固形分濃度:50質量%)。これより得られたハードコート層の屈折率は1.65であった。
二酸化チタン微粒子(石原産業(株)製、TTO-55B)、カルボン酸基含有モノマー(東亞合成(株)製、アロニクスM-5300)およびシクロヘキサノンを、サンドグラインダーミルにより分散し、重量平均粒子径が55nmの二酸化チタン微粒子の分散液を調製した。
前記の二酸化チタン微粒子の分散液に、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート(日本化薬(株)製、DPHA)と、光ラジカル重合開始剤(チバガイギー社製、イルガキュア184;モノマーの合計量(ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレートとアニオン性モノマーの合計量)に対し5質量%)とを混合し、ハードコート層の屈折率が1.60になるように調整した。
接着性改質層(A)の塗布液調製において、実施例1で用いた共重合ポリエステル(A)の15質量%の水分散液の代わりに水分散性アクリル-スチレン共重合樹脂(日本触媒化学(株)社製のアクリセット270E)の15質量%の水分散液を用いた塗布液(A-2)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、接着性改質層(A)の塗布量7mg/m2、フィルム厚さ125μmの接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
接着性改質層(A)の塗布量を9mg/m2に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
接着性改質層(A)の塗布量を3mg/m2に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
接着性改質層(A)の塗布量を12mg/m2に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
接着性改質層(A)の塗布液調製において、粒子Aとして平均粒径65nmの球状シリカを用い、粒子Bを添加しなかった塗布液(A-3)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
接着性改質層(A)の塗布液調製において、ポリウレタン系樹脂(B)と粒子A,Bの分散液の撹拌時間を3時間とした塗布液(A-4)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
接着性改質層(A)の塗布液調製において、ポリウレタン系樹脂(B)0.8質量部の代わりにガラス転移点35℃のポリウレタン系樹脂(タケラックW-511(三井タケダケミカル社製))0.4質量部を用いて調整した塗布液(A-5)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
接着性改質層(A)の塗布液調製において、ポリウレタン系樹脂(B)と粒子A,Bの分散液の撹拌時間を0.5時間とした塗布液(A-6)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
実施例1において、塗布液(A-1)を塗布しない、つまり接着性改質層(A)を形成させなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様の方法で接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。得られたフィルムは摩擦抵抗が大きく、摩擦係数は測定できなかった。
接着性改質層(A)の塗布液を下記に示す塗布液(A-7)とし、塗布量を100mg/m2とした以外は実施例1と同様の方法で接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
実施例1で得られた共重合ポリエステル(A)を固形分濃度30質量%とした以外は実施例1と同様にして得た共重合ポリエステル(A)の水分散液を7.5質量部と固形分濃度20質量%のポリウレタン系樹脂(B)水溶液を11.3質量部、触媒としてジブチルチンラウレートを0.02質量部、水を37.9質量部およびイソプロピルアルコールを39.6質量部、それぞれ混合した。さらに、フッ素系ノニオン型界面活性剤の10質量%水溶液を0.3質量部、粒子Aとして平均粒径40nmのコロイダルシリカの20質量%水分散液を2.3質量部、粒子Bとして平均粒径200nm(平均一次粒径40nm)の乾式法シリカの3.5質量%水分散液を0.5質量部添加した。次いで、5質量%の重曹水溶液で塗布液のpHを6.2に調整し、濾過粒子サイズ(初期濾過効率:95%)が10μmのフェルト型ポリプロピレン製フィルターで精密濾過し、塗布液(A-7)を調製した。
接着性改質層(A)の塗布液を下記に示す塗布液(A-8)とした、すなわち粒子添加時の前処理を行わなかった以外は実施例1と同様の方法で塗布量を7mg/m2の接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
得られた共重合ポリエステル(A)の15質量%の水分散液を1.1質量部、固形分濃度20質量%のポリウレタン系樹脂(B)を0.8質量部、触媒としてジブチルチンラウレートを0.02質量部、水を56.3質量部およびイソプロピルアルコールを41.6質量部、それぞれ混合した。さらに、フッ素系ノニオン型界面活性剤の10質量%水溶液を0.02質量部、粒子Aとして平均粒径40nmの球状シリカの20質量%水分散液を0.16質量部、粒子Bとして平均粒径200nm(平均一次粒径40nm)の乾式法シリカの3.5質量部の水分散液を0.037質量部添加した。次いで、5質量%の重曹水溶液で塗布液のpHを6.2に調整し、濾過粒子サイズ(初期濾過効率:95%)が10μmのフェルト型ポリプロピレン製フィルターで精密濾過し、塗布液(A-8)を調整した。
接着性改質層(A)の塗布液を下記に示す塗布液(A-9)とした以外は実施例1と同様の方法で塗布量を7mg/m2の接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
実施例1で得られた共重合ポリエステル樹脂(A)の30質量%水分散液を22.9質量部、メチル化メラミン系架橋剤(住友化学社製、スミマールM-100)の固形分20質量%の水分散液を2.3質量部、水を39.7質量部、およびイソプロピルアルコールを37.5質量部、それぞれ混合した。さらに、フッ素系ノニオン型界面活性剤の10質量%水溶液を0.6質量部、粒子Aとして平均粒径40nmの球状シリカの20質量%水分散液を2.3質量部、粒子Bとして平均粒径200nm(平均一次粒径40nm)の乾式法シリカの3.5質量部の水分散液を0.5質量部添加した。次いで、5質量%の重曹水溶液で塗布液のpHを6.2に調整し、濾過粒子サイズ(初期濾過効率:95%)が10μmのフェルト型ポリプロピレン製フィルターで精密濾過し、塗布液(A-8)を調整した。
接着性改質層(A)の塗布液を下記に示す塗布液(A-10)、すなわち粒子を含有しない塗布液とし、さらに塗布層(B)を設けなかった以外は実施例1と同様の方法で塗布量を15mg/m2の接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。得られたフィルムは摩擦抵抗が大きく、摩擦係数は測定できなかった。
実施例1で得られた共重合ポリエステル樹脂(A)の30質量%水分散液を22.9質量部、メチル化メラミン系架橋剤(住友化学社製、スミマールM-100)の固形分20質量%の水分散液を2.3質量部、水を42.0質量部、およびイソプロピルアルコールを38.0質量部、それぞれ混合した。さらに、フッ素系ノニオン型界面活性剤の10質量%水溶液を0.6質量部添加した。次いで、5質量%の重曹水溶液で塗布液のpHを6.2に調整し、濾過粒子サイズ(初期濾過効率:95%)が10μmのフェルト型ポリプロピレン製フィルターで精密濾過し、塗布液(A-10)を調整した。
(1)PET樹脂(M1)の製造
エステル化反応缶を昇温し、200℃に到達した時点で、テレフタル酸を86.4質量部及びエチレングリコールを64.4質量部からなるスラリーを仕込み、攪拌しながら触媒として三酸化アンチモンを0.017質量部及びトリエチルアミンを0.16質量部添加した。次いで、加圧昇温を行いゲージ圧3.5kgf/cm2、240℃の条件で、加圧エステル化反応を行った。その後、エステル化反応缶内を常圧に戻し、酢酸マグネシウム4水和物0.071質量部、次いでリン酸トリメチル0.014質量部を添加した。さらに、15分かけて260℃に昇温し、リン酸トリメチル0.012質量部、次いで酢酸ナトリウム0.0036質量部を添加した。15分後、得られたエステル化反応生成物を重縮合反応缶に移送し、減圧下260℃から280℃へ徐々に昇温し、285℃で重縮合反応を行った。
PET樹脂(M1)と同様の方法を用い、重縮合反応時間を変更することで、固有粘度0.47dl/gのPET樹脂(M2)を得た。
PET樹脂(M2)を予め160℃で予備結晶化させた後、温度220℃の窒素雰囲気下で固相重合し、固有粘度0.63dl/g、オリゴマー含有量は0.26質量%のPET樹脂(M3)を得た。
PET樹脂(M1)、PET樹脂(M3)をそれぞれ135℃で6時間減圧乾燥(1Torr)した後、PET樹脂(M1)をA層の原料とし、PET樹脂(M3)をB層の原料として、2台の押出機に供給し、各々を285℃で溶融した。a層を最外層、b層を中間層として、2種3層(a/b/a)合流ブロックにて積層し口金よりシート状にして押し出し、キャスト法を用いて表面温度30℃のキャスティングドラムに巻きつけて冷却固化し、未延伸フィルムを作った。また、最外層(a層)の厚さの比率は全厚みに対して20%となるように各押し出し機の吐出量を調整した。係る未延伸フィルムを用いた以外は実施例1と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
実施例10において、最外層(a層)の厚さの比率を全厚みに対して40%となるように各押し出し機の吐出量を調整する以外は、実施例10と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
実施例10において、a層の原料をPET樹脂(M1)とし、1種3層構成にすること以外は実施例10と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
実施例10において、a層の原料をPET樹脂(M3)とし、1種3層構成にすること以外は実施例10と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
(1)接着性改質基材フィルムの製造
乾燥させた紫外線吸収剤(2,2’-(1,4-フェニレン)ビス(4H-3,1-ベンズオキサジノン-4-オン)10重量部、粒子を含有しないPET樹脂ペレット(固有粘度が0.62dl/g)90重量部を混合し、混練押出機を用い、紫外線吸収剤含有マスターバッチ(A)を作製した。この時の押し出し温度は285℃であった。
基材フィルムの中間層用原料として粒子を含有しない固有粘度が0.62dl/gのPET樹脂ペレット80重量部と紫外線吸収剤含有マスターバッチ(A)20部とし、a層、b層、c層の厚さの比は5:90:5のままで接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムの厚さを100μmとした以外は実施例14と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
基材フィルムの中間層用原料として粒子を含有しない固有粘度が0.62dl/gのPET樹脂ペレット80重量部と紫外線吸収剤含有マスターバッチ(A)14部とし、a層、b層、c層の厚さの比は5:90:5のままで接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムの厚さを50μmとした以外は実施例14と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
基材フィルムの中間層用原料として粒子を含有しない固有粘度が0.62dl/gのPET樹脂ペレット80重量部と紫外線吸収剤含有マスターバッチ(A)8部とし、a層、b層、c層の厚さの比は5:90:5のままで接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムの厚さを50μmとした以外は実施例14と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
基材フィルムの中間層用原料として粒子を含有しない固有粘度が0.62dl/gのPET樹脂ペレット80重量部と紫外線吸収剤含有マスターバッチ(A)6部とし、a層、b層、c層の厚さの比は5:90:5のままで接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムの厚さを50μmとした以外は実施例14と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
基材フィルムの中間層用原料として粒子を含有しない固有粘度が0.62dl/gのPET樹脂ペレット80重量部と紫外線吸収剤含有マスターバッチ(A)20部とし、a層、b層、c層の厚さの比は5:90:5のままで接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムの厚さを38μmとした以外は実施例14と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
基材フィルムの中間層用原料として粒子を含有しない固有粘度が0.62dl/gのPET樹脂ペレット83重量部と紫外線吸収剤含有マスターバッチ(A)17部とし、a層、b層、c層の厚さの比は5:90:5のままで接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムの厚さを25μmとした以外は実施例14と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
乾燥させた紫外線吸収剤、2,2´-メチレンビス(4-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチル)-6-(2H-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)フェノール(旭電化社製、LA31)を10重量部と、粒子を含有しないPET樹脂ペレット(固有粘度が0.62dl/g)90重量部を混合し、混練押出機を用い、紫外線吸収剤含有マスターバッチ(B)を作製した。この時の押し出し温度は285℃であった。
乾燥させた紫外線吸収剤、2-(5-クロロ(2H)-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)-4-メチル-6-(tert-ブチル)フェノール(チバ・スペシャリティ・ケミカルズ社製 TINUVIN 326)を10重量部と、粒子を含有しないPET樹脂ペレット(固有粘度が0.62dl/g)90重量部を混合し、混練押出機を用い、紫外線吸収剤含有マスターバッチ(C)を作製した。この時の押し出し温度は285℃であった。
(1)接着性改質基材フィルムの製造
b層用原料として、不活性粒子を含有していない、固有粘度が0.62dl/gのポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)樹脂ペレットAを、135℃で6時間減圧乾燥(1Torr)した。次いで、乾燥後のPETペレットをA層用押出機(1)に供給した。B層用原料として、上述の樹脂ペレットAと、平均粒径2.3μmの不定形塊状シリカ粒子を1500ppm含有した、固有粘度0.62dl/gの樹脂ペレットBを、80:20の比率で混合した後、135℃で6時間減圧乾燥(1Torr)した。次いで、乾燥後のPETペレットをB層用押出機(2)に供給した。押出機に供給したポリマーを、285℃に溶融した後、それぞれ濾過粒子サイズ(初期濾過効率95%)が15μmの濾過材でろ過し、a層/b層/a層となるように積層し、積層比が5:90:5となるように押出機の吐出量を調整した後、285℃でTダイスから層状に押出し、25℃の回転式冷却ロールに密着固化させて未延伸PETフィルムを得た。
得られた接着性改質基材フィルムの接着性改質層面に下記ハードコート剤をドライ厚みで3μmとなるように塗布し、80℃で3分間乾燥させた。次いで、高圧水銀灯で1000mJ/cm2の条件下で紫外線を照射し、樹脂を硬化させ、ハードコート層を形成させた。
紫外線硬化型アクリレートモノマー、酸化ジルコニウム超微粒子、メチルエチルケトンを主成分とする、有機/無機ハイブリッド系ハードコート剤(JSR株式会社製、デソライト Z7410B;固形分濃度:50質量%)。これより得られたハードコート層の屈折率は1.65であった。
実施例23において、樹脂ペレットBの代わりに、平均粒径3.5μmの不定形塊状シリカ粒子を1500ppm含有した、固有粘度0.62dl/gの樹脂ペレットCを使用した以外は実施例23と同様の方法で接着性改質基材フィルムを得た。
実施例23において、樹脂ペレットBの代わりに、平均粒径4.0μmの不定形塊状シリカを1500ppm含有した、固有粘度0.62dl/gの樹脂ペレットDを使用した以外は実施例23と同様の方法で接着性改質基材フィルムを得た。
実施例23において、樹脂ペレットAと樹脂ペレットBの比率を90:10にて混合した以外は実施例23と同様の方法で接着性改質基材フィルムを得た。
共重合ポリエステル水分散液(A)13.74質量部、ビス(ラクタト)オキソチタンの44質量%溶液2.51質量部、ジイソプロポキシビス(トリエタノールアミナト)チタンの80質量%溶液1.38質量部、水41.37質量部およびイソプロピルアルコール40.00質量部をそれぞれ混合し、さらにフッ素系ノニオン型界面活性剤の10質量%水溶液を0.50質量部、コロイダルシリカ微粒子(平均粒径80nm)水分散液を0.50質量部添加し、塗布液(B-1)を調製した。この塗布液(B-1)のpHは6.4であった。また、水性ポリエステル樹脂の質量(a)、チタンラクテート化合物の質量(b)および、チタントリエタノールアミネート化合物の質量(c)において
(a)/[(b)+(c)]=65.1/34.9
(b)/(c)=50/50
であった。
実施例1において、一軸配向PETフィルムに前記の塗布液(A-1)を片面に、反対面には前記の塗布液(B-1)を塗布した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
塗布層(B)の塗布液調製において、下記の配合比になるように調製した塗布液(B-2)を用いた以外は実施例27と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
(a)/[(b)+(c)]=65.1/34.9
(b)/(c)=60.2/39.8
塗布層(B)の塗布液調製において、下記の配合比になるように調整した塗布液(B-3)を用いた以外は実施例27と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
(a)/[(b)+(c)]=65.1/34.9
(b)/(c)=39.9/60.1
塗布層(B)の塗布液調製において、下記の配合比になるように調製した塗布液(B-4)を用いた以外は実施例27と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
(a)/[(b)+(c)]=50.0/50.0
(b)/(c)=50.1/49.9
塗布層(B)の塗布液調製において、下記の配合比になるように調製した塗布液(B-5)を用いた以外は実施例27と同様の方法で、接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
(a)/[(b)+(c)]=80.0/20.0
(b)/(c)=50.1/49.9
塗布層(B)を得るための塗布液を実施例8で用いた塗布液(A-5)を用い、塗布量を100mg/m2とした以外は実施例27と同様の方法で接着性改質ポリエステルフィルムを得た。
Claims (11)
- 熱可塑性樹脂フィルムからなる基材フィルムの少なくとも片面に接着性改質層(A)が積層された接着性改質基材フィルムであって、
前記接着性改質層(A)はポリエステル系樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂から選ばれる少なくとも1種の樹脂、ならびに無機粒子を含有し、
前記接着性改質層(A)の塗布量が3~12mg/m2であり、
前記接着性改質層(A)表面の高さ100nm以上の表面突起の山スソ部の最大径平均値が10μm以上である接着性改質基材フィルム。 - 前記接着性改質層(A)面どうしの静摩擦係数(μs)と動摩擦係数(μd)の差(Δμ)が0.20以下である請求項1記載の接着性改質基材フィルム。
- 前記基材フィルムが粒子を実質的に含有しない熱可塑性樹脂フィルムからなる請求項1記載の接着性改質基材フィルム。
- 前記基材フィルムが3層以上の積層ポリエステルフィルムからなり、前記基材フィルム中のオリゴマー含有量が0.60質量%以上、0.90質量%以下である請求項1記載の接着性改質基材フィルム。
- 前記基材フィルムは3層以上の積層ポリエステルフィルムからなり、中間層には紫外線吸収剤を含む請求項1記載の接着性改質基材フィルム。
- 前記基材フィルムがb層の少なくとも片面にa層が共押出法により積層された積層ポリエステルフィルムからなり、少なくとも前記a層面に接着性改質層(A)が積層されており、前記a層は平均粒径1~10μmの不活性粒子を0.05~0.1質量%含有する請求項1記載の接着性改質基材フィルム。
- 前記基材フィルムの一方の面に接着性改質層(A)、他方の面に塗布層(B)が積層された接着性改質基材フィルムであって、前記塗布層(B)はポリエステル系樹脂とチタン化合物とを含有する請求項1記載の接着性改質基材フィルム。
- 前記塗布層(B)が、水性ポリエステル樹脂とチタンラクテート化合物とチタントリエタノールアミネート化合物とを含有する塗布液(B)を塗布、乾燥してなるものであって、
前記塗布液(B)に含まれる水性ポリエステル樹脂の質量を(a)、チタンラクテート化合物の質量を(b)、および、チタントリエタノールアミネート化合物の質量を(c)とするとき、
(a)/[(b)+(c)]が50/50~80/20であり、かつ、
(b)/(c)が35/65~65/35である
請求項7に記載の接着性改質基材フィルム。 - 前記接着性改質層(A)が共重合ポリエステルとポリウレタンと無機粒子とを含む、請求項1に記載の接着性改質基材フィルム。
- 請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の接着性改質基材フィルムの前記接着性改質層(A)面に未硬化の硬化型樹脂を塗布することによりハードコート層を積層したときに、前記ハードコート層が前記基材フィルムに直接積層され、前記基材フィルムと前記ハードコート層との境界領域に点在する有機-無機複合体を有するハードコートフィルム。
- 前記ハードコート層の屈折率が1.60から1.65である請求項10に記載のハードコートフィルム。
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