WO2009122948A1 - 下型、下型の製造方法、ガラスゴブの製造方法、及びガラス成形体の製造方法 - Google Patents
下型、下型の製造方法、ガラスゴブの製造方法、及びガラス成形体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009122948A1 WO2009122948A1 PCT/JP2009/055734 JP2009055734W WO2009122948A1 WO 2009122948 A1 WO2009122948 A1 WO 2009122948A1 JP 2009055734 W JP2009055734 W JP 2009055734W WO 2009122948 A1 WO2009122948 A1 WO 2009122948A1
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- Prior art keywords
- lower mold
- coating layer
- glass
- molded body
- molten glass
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
- C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
- C03B11/08—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses
- C03B11/084—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses material composition or material properties of press dies therefor
- C03B11/086—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses material composition or material properties of press dies therefor of coated dies
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/10—Forming beads
- C03B19/1005—Forming solid beads
- C03B19/101—Forming solid beads by casting molten glass into a mould or onto a wire
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/03—Press-mould materials defined by material properties or parameters, e.g. relative CTE of mould parts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/10—Die base materials
- C03B2215/11—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/10—Die base materials
- C03B2215/12—Ceramics or cermets, e.g. cemented WC, Al2O3 or TiC
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/14—Die top coat materials, e.g. materials for the glass-contacting layers
- C03B2215/16—Metals or alloys, e.g. Ni-P, Ni-B, amorphous metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/14—Die top coat materials, e.g. materials for the glass-contacting layers
- C03B2215/20—Oxide ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/14—Die top coat materials, e.g. materials for the glass-contacting layers
- C03B2215/22—Non-oxide ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/30—Intermediate layers, e.g. graded zone of base/top material
- C03B2215/32—Intermediate layers, e.g. graded zone of base/top material of metallic or silicon material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/30—Intermediate layers, e.g. graded zone of base/top material
- C03B2215/34—Intermediate layers, e.g. graded zone of base/top material of ceramic or cermet material, e.g. diamond-like carbon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lower mold for receiving dropped molten glass droplets, a method for manufacturing the lower mold, a method for manufacturing a glass gob using the lower mold, and a method for manufacturing a glass molded body using the lower mold. .
- glass optical elements have been widely used as lenses for digital cameras, optical pickup lenses for DVDs, camera lenses for mobile phones, coupling lenses for optical communication, and the like.
- a glass molded body produced by press molding a glass material with a molding die has been used frequently.
- the reheat press method is a method in which a glass preform (preliminary body) having a predetermined mass and shape prepared in advance is heated together with a mold and pressure-molded, and does not require equipment such as a glass melting furnace. It is widely implemented.
- the droplet forming method is a method in which a molten glass droplet is dropped on a lower mold heated to a predetermined temperature, and the dropped molten glass droplet is pressure-formed with the lower mold and the upper mold to obtain a glass molded body. is there.
- This method is notable because it is possible to produce a glass molded body directly from molten glass droplets without the need to repeat heating and cooling of the lower mold and upper mold, etc., so that the time required for one molding can be greatly shortened. Is the way.
- the present invention has been made in view of the technical problems as described above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lower mold that can satisfactorily prevent the occurrence of air accumulation and has excellent durability, and It is to provide a method for producing a lower mold, and to provide a method for producing a glass gob and a glass molded body using the lower mold.
- the present invention has the following features.
- the lower mold for receiving the dropped molten glass droplets, A base material, an intermediate layer formed on the base material, and a coating layer formed on the intermediate layer, The surface of the coating layer has been subjected to a roughening treatment to increase the arithmetic average roughness (Ra),
- the lower mold characterized in that the surface of the coating layer has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 0.01 ⁇ m or more and an average length (RSm) of roughness curve elements of 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower mold manufacturing method for receiving the dropped molten glass droplets Forming an intermediate layer on the substrate; Forming a coating layer on the intermediate layer; Applying a roughening treatment to the surface of the coating layer to increase the arithmetic average roughness (Ra),
- the surface of the coating layer after the roughening treatment has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 0.01 ⁇ m or more and an average length (RSm) of roughness curve elements of 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- a step of dropping molten glass droplets on the lower mold A step of cooling and solidifying the molten glass droplet dropped on the lower mold, 5.
- a step of dropping molten glass droplets on the lower mold In the method for producing a glass molded body, the step of pressure-molding the dropped molten glass droplets with the lower mold and the upper mold facing the lower mold,
- the said lower mold is a lower mold of any one of said 1 to 4, The manufacturing method of the glass forming body characterized by the above-mentioned.
- the upper mold has a base material, an intermediate layer formed on the base material, and a coating layer formed on the intermediate layer, 8.
- the surface of the coating layer is brought into a predetermined surface state by the roughening treatment, so that it is possible to secure a flow path of the air that has entered the recess, and the occurrence of air accumulation is improved. Can be prevented. Moreover, since the intermediate layer provided between the base material and the coating layer can prevent the base material from being deteriorated due to the surface roughening treatment, it is excellent in durability.
- the method for producing a glass gob of the present invention since the molten glass droplet is dropped on the lower mold of the present invention, a glass gob without an air pool can be produced at a low cost. Furthermore, according to the method for producing a glass molded body of the present invention, the molten glass droplet is dropped on the lower mold of the present invention, and the molten glass droplet dropped is pressure-formed with the lower mold and the upper mold. A glass molded body free from air accumulation can be produced at low cost.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a lower mold 10.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the state of the molten glass droplet 20 dripped at the lower mold
- FIG. It is the schematic diagram which showed the detail of the A section of FIG.2 (b).
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the lower mold of the present embodiment.
- a lower mold 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a base material 13, an intermediate layer 12 formed on the base material 13, and a coating layer 14 formed on the intermediate layer 12.
- the surface 15 of the coating layer 14 is subjected to a roughening process that increases the arithmetic average roughness (Ra).
- the coating layer 14 is formed on the intermediate layer 12, and the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) is applied to the surface 15 of the formed coating layer 14. Manufacture by increasing the roughening treatment.
- the material of the base material 13 can be selected without considering the ease of roughening and the durability when roughened.
- materials that can be preferably used include, for example, various heat-resistant alloys (such as stainless steel), super hard materials mainly composed of tungsten carbide, various ceramics (such as silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and aluminum nitride), and composite materials including carbon. Is mentioned.
- the material of the coating layer 14 is not particularly limited.
- various metals chromium, aluminum, titanium, etc.
- nitrides chromium nitride, aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, boron nitride, etc.
- oxides chromium oxide, aluminum oxide
- a metal layer made of at least one of chromium, aluminum, and titanium is particularly preferable.
- Chromium, aluminum and titanium all have the advantage that they can be easily deposited and can be easily roughened by etching, and the surface is oxidized by heating in the atmosphere, forming a stable oxide layer. There is a feature that is. Chromium, aluminum, and titanium oxides all have low standard generation free energy (standard generation Gibbs energy) and are very stable, so they do not react easily even when they come into contact with hot molten glass droplets. Has great advantages.
- the thickness of the coating layer 14 only needs to have a thickness sufficient to obtain a desired surface roughness by the roughening treatment after film formation, and is usually preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more. On the other hand, if the coating layer 14 is too thick, defects such as film peeling may easily occur. Therefore, the thickness of the coating layer 14 is preferably in the range of 0.05 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- the intermediate layer 12 formed between the base material 13 and the coating layer 14 has a function of preventing the base material 13 from being deteriorated by the influence of an etching solution or the like when the surface roughening treatment is performed on the coating layer 14. have. Therefore, the intermediate layer 12 is not provided, but the coating layer 14 is deteriorated (film peeling, etc.) due to repeated molding as compared with the lower mold formed by forming the coating layer 14 directly on the base material 13 and roughening. It does not occur easily and has high durability.
- the lower mold 10 can be regenerated by removing the deteriorated coating layer 14 and then forming a new coating layer 14.
- the base material 13 is affected by the influence of an etching solution or the like when the coating layer 14 is removed for regeneration. Can be minimized.
- the intermediate layer 12 made of a material containing at least one of titanium metal, titanium carbide, and titanium nitride has a high effect of protecting the base material 13 during the surface roughening treatment. This is particularly effective because it has the effect of increasing the adhesion between the coating layer 13 and the coating layer 14.
- examples of such a material include titanium metal, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, and aluminum titanium nitride.
- the method for forming the intermediate layer 12 is not limited, and may be appropriately selected from known film forming methods. For example, vacuum deposition, sputtering, CVD, etc. are mentioned. Usually, when the intermediate layer 12 is too thin, the base material 13 is easily damaged during the surface roughening treatment. On the other hand, if the intermediate layer 12 is too thick, the change in the shape of the optical surface formed on the substrate 13 may become large. From such a viewpoint, the thickness of the intermediate layer 12 is preferably in the range of 0.03 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- the surface 15 of the coating layer 14 is subjected to a roughening treatment that increases the arithmetic average roughness (Ra). Therefore, it is possible to prevent an air pool from being generated in a glass gob or a glass molded body obtained by dropping molten glass droplets on the lower mold 10.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state of the molten glass droplet 20 dropped on the lower mold 10.
- FIG. 2A shows a state at the moment when the molten glass droplet 20 collides with the lower mold 10
- FIG. 2B shows a state where the molten glass droplet 20 is subsequently rounded due to surface tension.
- the molten glass droplet 20 at the moment of dropping and colliding with the lower mold 10 is stretched flat by the impact of the collision.
- a minute recess 21 having a diameter of about several tens to several hundreds of ⁇ m is generated near the center of the lower surface (the surface in contact with the coating layer 14).
- the mechanism by which the concave portion 21 is generated is not necessarily clear, according to the analysis using simulation or the like, when the molten glass droplet 20 collides with the lower mold 10, the glass of the portion that first collides with the lower mold 10 is recoiled. It is considered that the concave portion 21 is generated by rebounding upward.
- the molten glass droplet 20 is then deformed into a round shape by the action of the surface tension, as shown in FIG.
- the surface 15 of the coating layer 14 is not roughened, the lower surface of the molten glass droplet 20 and the coating layer 14 are in close contact with each other, and an air escape path accumulated in the recess 21 is obtained. Therefore, the recess 21 remains as an air reservoir without disappearing.
- the surface 15 of the coating layer 14 is roughened by etching, a minute gap remains between the lower surface of the molten glass droplet 20 and the coating layer 14. Therefore, when the molten glass droplet 20 is deformed round by the action of surface tension, the air accumulated in the concave portion 21 through the gap escapes and the concave portion 21 disappears, thereby preventing the occurrence of air accumulation.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing details of the A part in FIG. As shown to Fig.3 (a), the unevenness
- the lower surface 22 of the dropped molten glass droplet 20 does not completely enter the uneven valley of the surface 15 of the coating layer 14 due to the action of surface tension, leaving a gap 23.
- the gap 23 becomes an escape path for the air accumulated in the recess 21 and the recess 21 disappears.
- the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) and the average length (RSm) of the roughness curve elements are roughness parameters defined in JIS B 0601: 2001.
- these parameters are measured using a measuring instrument having a spatial resolution of 0.1 ⁇ m or less, such as an AFM (Atomic Force Microscope).
- a general stylus type roughness measuring machine is not preferable because the radius of curvature of the stylus tip is as large as several ⁇ m or more.
- the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) needs to be 0.01 ⁇ m or more.
- the unevenness is high as shown in FIG. 3B, a sufficiently large gap 23 is formed and the recess 21 easily disappears, but a large unevenness is also formed on the lower surface 22 of the molten glass droplet 20, In some cases, the surface roughness of the glass gob or glass molded body obtained becomes too large. Therefore, it is particularly preferable that the surface 15 of the coating layer 14 has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- FIG. 3C shows a case where the height of the irregularities on the surface 15 is equal to that of FIG. 3A, but the period of the irregularities is long.
- the glass enters the bottom of the valley of the unevenness as the period becomes longer, and the size of the gap 23 necessary for air to escape becomes smaller. Therefore, the average length (RSm) of the roughness curve element needs to be 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the surface 15 of the coating layer 14 is made to have an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 0.01 ⁇ m or more and an average length (RSm) of roughness curve elements of 0.5 ⁇ m or less by the roughening treatment.
- Ra arithmetic average roughness
- RSm average length
- the entire surface 15 of the coating layer 14 is roughened, and at least the region in contact with the molten glass droplet 20 may be roughened.
- the roughening treatment can be performed by etching, for example.
- etching There is no particular limitation on the etching method, and wet etching using an etchant or dry etching using plasma may be used.
- wet etching using an etchant or dry etching using plasma may be used.
- Wet etching is a method in which a reactive etching solution is brought into contact with the coating layer 14 to roughen the surface 15 and can be easily roughened without requiring expensive equipment.
- the coating layer 14 may be immersed in the stored etching solution, or a predetermined amount of etching solution may be supplied onto the coating layer 14.
- the method of spraying etching liquid in the spray form may be used.
- the etching solution may be appropriately selected from known etching solutions according to the material of the coating layer 14.
- dry etching using plasma is a method in which an etching gas is introduced into a vacuum chamber, plasma is generated by high frequency or the like, and the surface 15 of the coating layer 14 is roughened by ions or radicals generated by the plasma. is there.
- plasma etching or reactive ion etching (RIE) This is a preferable method because the waste liquid is not generated, the environmental load is small, the surface is less contaminated with foreign matter, and the reproducibility of the treatment is excellent.
- the etching gas may be an inert gas such as Ar, or a highly reactive gas containing a halogen such as F, Cl, or Br.
- a gas containing halogen such as F, Cl, Br (for example, CF 4 , SF 6 , CHF 3 , Cl 2 , BCl 3 , HBr, etc.) is highly reactive with the coating layer 14 and can be used in a short time. Processing can be performed. Further, a mixed gas of these gases and O 2 , N 2 or the like may be used.
- the dry etching apparatus may be appropriately selected from known apparatuses such as a parallel plate type, a barrel (cylindrical) type, a magnetron type, and an ECR type, and is not particularly limited.
- both the coating layer 14 and the intermediate layer 12 are composed of only one layer has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of a glass gob manufacturing method.
- 5 and 6 are schematic views (cross-sectional views) for explaining the glass gob manufacturing method according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 5 shows a state in the step (S12) of dropping the molten glass droplet on the lower mold
- FIG. 6 shows a state in the step (S13) of cooling and solidifying the dropped molten glass droplet on the lower die. .
- the lower mold 10 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is an example of the lower mold of the present invention, and a coating layer 14 is provided on a base material 13 with an intermediate layer 12 interposed therebetween.
- the surface 15 of the coating layer 14 in contact with the molten glass droplet 20 is subjected to a roughening process by etching. Therefore, a glass gob without an air reservoir can be manufactured at a low cost.
- the lower mold 10 is configured to be heated to a predetermined temperature by a heating means (not shown).
- a heating means known heating means can be appropriately selected and used.
- a cartridge heater that is used by being embedded inside the member to be heated
- a sheet heater that is used while being in contact with the outside of the member to be heated
- an infrared heating device a high-frequency induction heating device, or the like can be used.
- a melting tank 25 for storing the molten glass 24 and a dropping nozzle 26 provided in the lower part thereof are arranged.
- the lower mold 10 is heated in advance to a predetermined temperature (step S11). If the temperature of the lower mold 10 is too low, large wrinkles may occur on the lower surface of the glass gob (contact surface with the lower mold 10), or cracking may occur in the glass gob due to rapid cooling. On the other hand, if the temperature is increased excessively more than necessary, there is a possibility that fusion between the glass and the lower mold 10 may occur or the life of the lower mold 10 may be shortened. By doing so, an air pool may remain in the glass gob.
- the appropriate temperature varies depending on various conditions such as the type, shape and size of the glass, the material and size of the lower mold 10, and it is preferable to obtain the appropriate temperature experimentally. Usually, when the glass transition point of glass is defined as Tg, it is preferably set to a temperature of about Tg-100 ° C. to Tg + 100 ° C.
- the molten glass droplet 20 is dropped on the lower mold 10 (step S12).
- the melting tank 25 is heated by a heater (not shown), and a molten glass 24 is stored inside.
- a dropping nozzle 26 is provided in the lower part of the melting tank 25, and the molten glass 24 passes through a flow path provided inside the dropping nozzle 26 by its own weight and accumulates at the tip portion by surface tension.
- a constant mass of molten glass accumulates at the tip of the dropping nozzle 26, it is naturally separated from the tip of the dropping nozzle 26, and a constant mass of the molten glass droplet 20 is dropped downward (see FIG. 5).
- the mass of the molten glass droplet 20 to be dropped can be adjusted by the outer diameter, temperature, etc. of the tip of the dropping nozzle 26, and depending on the type of glass, etc., about 0.1 to 2 g of molten glass Drops can be dropped. Further, the dropping interval of the molten glass droplet 20 can be adjusted by the inner diameter, length, heating temperature, etc. of the dropping nozzle 26. Therefore, by appropriately setting these conditions, it is possible to drop molten glass droplets having a desired mass at desired intervals.
- glass there is no particular limitation on the type of glass that can be used, and a known glass can be selected and used according to the application. Examples thereof include optical glasses such as borosilicate glass, silicate glass, phosphate glass, and lanthanum glass.
- the molten glass droplet dropped from the dropping nozzle is collided with a member provided with a through-hole, and a part of the colliding molten glass droplet is minutely formed.
- the droplets may be passed through the through pores and dropped on the lower mold. Thereby, it becomes possible to manufacture a finer glass gob. This method is described in detail in JP-A No. 2002-154834.
- the dropped molten glass droplet 20 is cooled and solidified on the lower mold 10 (step S13) (see FIG. 6).
- the molten glass droplet 20 is cooled and solidified by heat radiation to the lower mold 10 and surrounding air. Since the surface 15 of the portion in contact with the molten glass droplet 20 is subjected to a predetermined roughening treatment, no air pool is generated in the solidified glass gob 27.
- the solidified glass gob 27 is recovered (step S14), and the glass gob manufacturing is completed.
- the glass gob 27 can be collected using, for example, a known collection device using vacuum adsorption. Furthermore, when manufacturing the glass gob 27 subsequently, the steps after step S12 may be repeated.
- the lower mold 10 has high durability because the intermediate layer 12 prevents deterioration of the base material 13 due to an etching solution or the like used in the surface roughening treatment. Therefore, when the production of the glass gob 27 is repeated, the life of the lower mold 10 is very long, and a glass gob without an air reservoir can be produced at a low cost.
- the glass gob manufactured by the manufacturing method of this embodiment can be used for manufacture of various precision optical elements as a glass preform (gob preform) of a reheat press method.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for producing a glass molded body.
- 8 and 9 are schematic views (cross-sectional views) for explaining the method for producing a glass molded body in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 shows the state in the step (S23) of dropping the molten glass droplet on the lower mold
- FIG. 9 shows the state in the step (S25) of pressing the dropped molten glass droplet with the lower mold and the upper mold. Yes.
- the lower mold 10 is the same as that described with reference to FIGS.
- the upper mold 16 is made of the same material as the lower mold 10 and has a pressing surface 17 for pressing the molten glass droplet 20.
- the intermediate layer 12 and the coating layer 14 are formed on the base material 13 of the upper mold 16, and the coating layer 14 is roughened. It is not always necessary to perform the conversion step.
- the glass in the molten state and the upper mold 16 are in direct contact with each other, so that the glass and the upper mold 16 are easily fused.
- the upper die 16 has a structure in which the intermediate layer 12 and the coating layer 14 are formed on the base material 13 and the surface of the coating layer 14 is roughened in the same manner as the lower die 10. .
- Such an upper die 16 can effectively prevent fusion with glass because the surface of the coating layer 14 is roughened.
- the intermediate layer 12 is provided, the deterioration of the base material 13 due to the roughening treatment can be minimized.
- the surface 15 of the coating layer 14 of the upper mold 16 has an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower mold 10 has a position (dropping position P1) for receiving the molten glass droplet 20 below the dropping nozzle 26 and a position for pressing the molten glass droplet 20 opposite to the upper mold 16 by a driving means (not shown). It is configured to be movable between (pressurizing position P2). Further, the upper die 16 is configured to be movable in a direction in which a molten glass droplet is pressed between the lower die 10 (up and down direction in the drawing) by a driving means (not shown).
- the lower mold 10 and the upper mold 16 are heated in advance to a predetermined temperature (step S21).
- the lower mold 10 and the upper mold 16 are configured to be heated to a predetermined temperature by a heating unit (not shown). It is preferable that the lower mold 10 and the upper mold 16 be configured to be capable of independently controlling the temperature.
- the predetermined temperature is the same as that in step S11 in the above-described glass gob manufacturing method, and a temperature at which a good transfer surface can be formed on the glass molded body by pressure molding may be appropriately selected.
- the heating temperature of the lower mold 10 and the upper mold 16 may be the same or different.
- the lower mold 10 is moved to the dropping position P1 (step S22), and the molten glass droplet 20 is dropped from the dropping nozzle 26 (step S23) (see FIG. 8).
- the conditions at the time of dripping the molten glass droplet 20 it is the same as that of the case of process S12 in the manufacturing method of the above-mentioned glass gob.
- the lower mold 10 is moved to the pressure position P2 (step S24), the upper mold 16 is moved downward, and the molten glass droplet 20 is pressurized with the lower mold 10 and the upper mold 16 (process S25) ( (See FIG. 9).
- the molten glass droplet 20 is cooled and solidified by heat radiation from the contact surface with the lower mold 10 and the upper mold 16 while being pressurized. After cooling to a temperature at which the shape of the transfer surface formed on the glass molded body does not collapse even if the pressure is released, the pressure is released. Although it depends on the type of glass, the size and shape of the glass molded body, the required accuracy, etc., it is usually sufficient that the glass is cooled to a temperature in the vicinity of the glass Tg.
- the load applied to press the molten glass droplet 20 may be always constant or may be changed with time. What is necessary is just to set the magnitude
- the driving means for moving the upper mold 16 up and down is not particularly limited, and known driving means such as an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, and an electric cylinder using a servo motor can be appropriately selected and used.
- the upper mold 16 is moved upward and retracted, the solidified glass molded body 28 is recovered (step S26), and the production of the glass molded body is completed. Since the surface 15 of the lower mold 10 is subjected to a predetermined roughening treatment, no air accumulation occurs in the obtained glass molded body. Thereafter, when the glass molded body is subsequently manufactured, the lower mold 10 is moved again to the dropping position P1 (step S22), and the subsequent steps may be repeated.
- the manufacturing method of the glass forming body of this invention may include another process other than having demonstrated here. For example, a step of inspecting the shape of the glass molded body before collecting the glass molded body, a step of cleaning the lower mold 10 and the upper mold 16 after collecting the glass molded body, and the like may be provided.
- the glass molded body produced by the production method of the present invention can be used as various optical elements such as an imaging lens such as a digital camera, an optical pickup lens such as a DVD, and a coupling lens for optical communication. Furthermore, it can also be used as a glass preform for the reheat press method.
- Example 1 The glass molded body was manufactured according to the flowchart shown in FIG.
- the outer diameter of the glass molded body to be manufactured was 7 mm in diameter, and the thickness of the central portion was 3.5 mm.
- Example 1 four types of lower molds 10 (Examples 1 to 4) were prepared.
- the base material 13 a superhard material mainly composed of tungsten carbide was used.
- a chromium metal film as the coating layer 14 was formed.
- the intermediate layer 12 has a thickness of 0.3 ⁇ m, and the coating layer has a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the surface 15 of the coating layer 14 was immersed in an etching solution to perform a roughening treatment.
- an etching solution a commercially available chromium etching solution (ECR-2 manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, Inc.) containing ceric ammonium nitrate was used.
- Arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of the surface 15 of the coating layer 14 after etching is 0.01 ⁇ m (Example 1), 0.1 ⁇ m (Example 2), 0.2 ⁇ m (Example 3), 0.25 ⁇ m (implemented)
- the etching time was adjusted to be Example 4).
- the average lengths (RSm) of the roughness curve elements were 0.03 ⁇ m (Example 1), 0.25 ⁇ m (Example 2), 0.4 ⁇ m (Example 3), and 0.5 ⁇ m (Example), respectively. 4).
- the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) and the average length of the roughness curve element (RSm) were measured by AFM (D3100 manufactured by Digital Instruments).
- a glass molded body was manufactured according to the flowchart shown in FIG.
- the glass material phosphoric acid-based glass having a Tg of 480 ° C. was used.
- the heating temperature in step S21 was 500 ° C. for the lower mold 10 and 450 ° C. for the upper mold 16.
- the temperature near the tip of the dropping nozzle 26 was set to 1000 ° C., and about 190 mg of the molten glass droplet 20 was set to drop.
- the load at the time of pressurization was 1800N.
- the upper mold 16 was formed by forming the intermediate layer 12 and the coating layer 14 in the same manner as the lower mold 10 and subjecting the coating layer 14 to a roughening treatment.
- the film forming conditions of the upper mold 16 and the conditions for the surface roughening treatment were the same as those of the lower mold 10 used in Example 2.
- the presence or absence of air accumulation was evaluated by microscopic observation. Further, the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the lower surface of the glass molded body (the surface formed in contact with the lower mold 10) was measured. Arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the lower surface of the glass molded body is best when it is 0.1 ⁇ m or less ((), when it is more than 0.1 ⁇ m and 0.15 ⁇ m or less ( ⁇ ), 0.15 ⁇ m The case of exceeding 0.2 ⁇ m or less was deemed acceptable ( ⁇ ).
- the performance evaluation of the glass molding was performed from the evaluation of the air pool and the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the lower surface.
- the performance evaluation is best when there is no air accumulation and Ra rating is ⁇ ( ⁇ ), when there is no air accumulation and Ra evaluation is good ( ⁇ ), and when there is air accumulation ( ⁇ ) ).
- Example 1 to 4 there was no air accumulation in the glass molded body, and the performance evaluation of the glass molded body was ⁇ or ⁇ . Moreover, film peeling did not occur even after 30000 moldings, and it was confirmed that the film had good durability. Further, when the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the coating layer 14 is 0.2 ⁇ m or less (Examples 1 to 3), the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the lower surface of the glass molded body is 0.1 ⁇ m. It was confirmed that the performance evaluation of the molded body was the best ( ⁇ ).
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Abstract
Description
基材と、前記基材の上に形成された中間層と、前記中間層の上に形成された被覆層と、を有し、
前記被覆層の表面は、算術平均粗さ(Ra)を増加させる粗面化処理が施されており、
前記被覆層の表面は、算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.01μm以上であり、且つ、粗さ曲線要素の平均長(RSm)が0.5μm以下であることを特徴とする下型。
基材の上に中間層を形成する工程と、
前記中間層の上に被覆層を形成する工程と、
前記被覆層の表面に、算術平均粗さ(Ra)を増加させる粗面化処理を施す工程と、を有し、
前記粗面化処理後の前記被覆層の表面は、算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.01μm以上であり、且つ、粗さ曲線要素の平均長(RSm)が0.5μm以下であることを特徴とする下型の製造方法。
滴下した前記溶融ガラス滴を前記下型の上で冷却固化する工程と、を有するガラスゴブの製造方法において、
前記下型は、前記1から4のいずれか1項に記載の下型であることを特徴とするガラスゴブの製造方法。
滴下した前記溶融ガラス滴を、前記下型及び前記下型に対向する上型により加圧成形する工程と、を有するガラス成形体の製造方法において、
前記下型は、前記1から4のいずれか1項に記載の下型であることを特徴とするガラス成形体の製造方法。
前記被覆層の表面は、算術平均粗さ(Ra)を増加させる粗面化処理が施されていることを特徴とする前記7に記載のガラス成形体の製造方法。
12 中間層
13 基材
14 被覆層
15 被覆層14の表面
16 上型
17 加圧面
20 溶融ガラス滴
21 凹部
23 隙間
24 溶融状態のガラス
25 溶融槽
26 滴下ノズル
27 ガラスゴブ
28 ガラス成形体
図1は、本実施形態の下型の1例を模式的に示す断面図である。図1に示す下型10は、基材13、基材13の上に形成された中間層12、及び、中間層12の上に形成された被覆層14を有している。被覆層14の表面15は、算術平均粗さ(Ra)を増加させる粗面化処理が施されている。
本発明のガラスゴブの製造方法について図4~図6を参照しながら説明する。図4は、ガラスゴブの製造方法の1例を示すフローチャートである。また、図5、図6は本実施形態におけるガラスゴブの製造方法を説明するための模式図(断面図)である。図5は下型に溶融ガラス滴を滴下させる工程(S12)における状態を、図6は、滴下した溶融ガラス滴を下型の上で冷却固化する工程(S13)における状態を、それぞれ示している。
本発明のガラス成形体の製造方法について図7~図9を参照しながら説明する。図7は、ガラス成形体の製造方法の1例を示すフローチャートである。また、図8、図9は本実施形態におけるガラス成形体の製造方法を説明するための模式図(断面図)である。図8は下型に溶融ガラス滴を滴下させる工程(S23)における状態を、図9は、滴下した溶融ガラス滴を下型と上型とで加圧する工程(S25)における状態を、それぞれ示している。
図7に示すフローチャートに従ってガラス成形体の製造を行った。製造するガラス成形体の外径は直径7mm、中心部の厚みは3.5mmとした。
実施例1~4と同様に、エッチング時間の異なる4種類の下型10を用いて、ガラス成形体の成形と評価を行った。ただし、実施例1~4と異なり、中間層12は設けず、被覆層14を基材13の上に直接形成した。評価結果を表1に併せて示す。
実施例1~4と同様に、エッチング時間の異なる2種類の下型10を用いて、ガラス成形体の成形と評価を行った。被覆層14の表面15の算術平均粗さ(Ra)は0.005μm(比較例5)と0.3μm(比較例6)であり、粗さ曲線要素の平均長(RSm)は、それぞれ0.01μm(比較例5)と0.6μm(比較例6)であった。評価結果を表1に併せて示す。
Claims (9)
- 滴下された溶融ガラス滴を受けるための下型において、
基材と、前記基材の上に形成された中間層と、前記中間層の上に形成された被覆層と、を有し、
前記被覆層の表面は、算術平均粗さ(Ra)を増加させる粗面化処理が施されており、
前記被覆層の表面は、算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.01μm以上であり、且つ、粗さ曲線要素の平均長(RSm)が0.5μm以下であることを特徴とする下型。 - 前記被覆層の表面は、算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.2μm以下であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の下型。
- 前記中間層は、金属チタン、炭化チタン及び窒化チタンのうち、少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項又は第2項に記載の下型。
- 前記中間層の厚みは、0.03μm以上、2μm以下であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項から第3項のいずれか1項に記載の下型。
- 滴下された溶融ガラス滴を受けるための下型の製造方法において、
基材の上に中間層を形成する工程と、
前記中間層の上に被覆層を形成する工程と、
前記被覆層の表面に、算術平均粗さ(Ra)を増加させる粗面化処理を施す工程と、を有し、
前記粗面化処理後の前記被覆層の表面は、算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.01μm以上であり、且つ、粗さ曲線要素の平均長(RSm)が0.5μm以下であることを特徴とする下型の製造方法。 - 下型に溶融ガラス滴を滴下させる工程と、
滴下した前記溶融ガラス滴を前記下型の上で冷却固化する工程と、を有するガラスゴブの製造方法において、
前記下型は、請求の範囲第1項から第4項のいずれか1項に記載の下型であることを特徴とするガラスゴブの製造方法。 - 下型に溶融ガラス滴を滴下させる工程と、
滴下した前記溶融ガラス滴を、前記下型及び前記下型に対向する上型により加圧成形する工程と、を有するガラス成形体の製造方法において、
前記下型は、請求の範囲第1項から第4項のいずれか1項に記載の下型であることを特徴とするガラス成形体の製造方法。 - 前記上型は、基材と、前記基材の上に形成された中間層と、前記中間層の上に形成された被覆層と、を有し、
前記被覆層の表面は、算術平均粗さ(Ra)を増加させる粗面化処理が施されていることを特徴とする請求の範囲第7項に記載のガラス成形体の製造方法。 - 前記上型の前記被覆層の表面は、算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.01μm以上、0.2μm以下であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第8項に記載のガラス成形体の製造方法。
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- 2009-03-24 WO PCT/JP2009/055734 patent/WO2009122948A1/ja active Application Filing
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US20110039126A1 (en) * | 2008-04-21 | 2011-02-17 | Hideki Kawai | Die for forming glass substrate, method of manufacturing glass substrate, method of manufacturing glass substrate for information recording medium, method of manufacturing information recording medium, glass substrate for information recording medium, and information recording medium |
JP2016507463A (ja) * | 2013-02-11 | 2016-03-10 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | ガラス成形金型用被覆及びこの被覆を有するガラス成形金型 |
JPWO2015087429A1 (ja) * | 2013-12-12 | 2017-03-16 | Hoya株式会社 | 研磨用ガラス光学素子ブランク用成形型、研磨用ガラス光学素子ブランクの製造方法および光学素子の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2009122948A1 (ja) | 2011-07-28 |
US20110023546A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
CN101980979A (zh) | 2011-02-23 |
CN101980979B (zh) | 2014-04-09 |
JP5472095B2 (ja) | 2014-04-16 |
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