WO2010071050A1 - 成形型及びガラス成形体の製造方法 - Google Patents
成形型及びガラス成形体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010071050A1 WO2010071050A1 PCT/JP2009/070531 JP2009070531W WO2010071050A1 WO 2010071050 A1 WO2010071050 A1 WO 2010071050A1 JP 2009070531 W JP2009070531 W JP 2009070531W WO 2010071050 A1 WO2010071050 A1 WO 2010071050A1
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- coating layer
- mold
- molding
- surface region
- molten glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
- C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
- C03B11/08—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses
- C03B11/084—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses material composition or material properties of press dies therefor
- C03B11/086—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses material composition or material properties of press dies therefor of coated dies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/03—Press-mould materials defined by material properties or parameters, e.g. relative CTE of mould parts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/10—Die base materials
- C03B2215/11—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/10—Die base materials
- C03B2215/12—Ceramics or cermets, e.g. cemented WC, Al2O3 or TiC
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/14—Die top coat materials, e.g. materials for the glass-contacting layers
- C03B2215/16—Metals or alloys, e.g. Ni-P, Ni-B, amorphous metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/14—Die top coat materials, e.g. materials for the glass-contacting layers
- C03B2215/16—Metals or alloys, e.g. Ni-P, Ni-B, amorphous metals
- C03B2215/17—Metals or alloys, e.g. Ni-P, Ni-B, amorphous metals comprising one or more of the noble meals, i.e. Ag, Au, platinum group metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/14—Die top coat materials, e.g. materials for the glass-contacting layers
- C03B2215/20—Oxide ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/02—Press-mould materials
- C03B2215/08—Coated press-mould dies
- C03B2215/14—Die top coat materials, e.g. materials for the glass-contacting layers
- C03B2215/22—Non-oxide ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
- C03B2215/65—Means for releasing gas trapped between glass and press die
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mold for producing a glass molded body by pressure forming molten glass droplets, and a method for producing a glass molded body using the mold.
- glass optical elements have been widely used as digital camera lenses, optical disk pickup lenses, mobile phone camera lenses, optical communication coupling lenses, and the like.
- a glass molded body produced by press molding a glass material with a mold has been widely used.
- molten glass droplets are dropped on the lower mold, and the molten glass droplet dropped on the lower mold is pressure-molded between the lower mold and the upper mold facing the lower mold, and glass is formed.
- a method for obtaining a molded body (hereinafter referred to as “droplet molding method”) has been proposed. This method is attracting attention because it is not necessary to repeat heating and cooling of the mold and the glass molded body can be produced directly from the molten glass droplets, so that the time required for one molding can be very short.
- a fine recess is formed in the vicinity of the center of the lower surface of the molten glass droplet (contact surface with the lower mold) due to the collision when the molten glass droplet is dropped on the lower mold.
- the air that has entered the recess has no escape, and the molten glass droplet is confined until it cools and solidifies, which causes a problem that an air pool remains on the lower surface of the manufactured glass molded body. .
- the present invention has been made in view of the technical problems as described above, and an object of the present invention is to suppress the occurrence of fusion with molten glass and the occurrence of air accumulation, and the strength of the peripheral portion. It is providing the shaping
- the present invention has the following features.
- the molding die used as a lower die for receiving a dropped molten glass droplet and pressure-molding the molten glass droplet together with an upper die to produce a glass molded body
- the molding die includes a base material having a molding surface for pressure-molding the molten glass droplet, and a coating layer formed on the molding surface,
- the surface of the coating layer formed on the molding surface includes a rough surface region including a central portion of the molding surface, and a mirror surface region surrounding the outer surface of the rough surface region and having a smaller arithmetic average roughness Ra than the rough surface region.
- a mold characterized by having.
- the surface of the coating layer in the rough surface region has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 0.5 ⁇ m or less, and an average length RSm of the roughness curve element is 0.5 ⁇ m or less, 2.
- the rough surface region is formed by performing a roughening treatment for increasing the arithmetic average roughness Ra on the coating layer formed on the base material. Or the shaping
- the roughening process is a process of etching the coating layer, 4.
- the mold according to item 3 wherein the rough surface region and the mirror surface region have different etching rates of the coating layer during the etching.
- the coating layer is mainly composed of at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, and chromium, at least one metal element oxide, or at least one metal element nitride. 5.
- region is what the said coating layer was formed on the said base material in which the roughening process which increases arithmetic mean roughness Ra was performed,
- the said 1 or 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. Mold.
- the coating layer is mainly composed of at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, and chromium, at least one metal element oxide, or at least one metal element nitride. 8.
- the coating layer is mainly composed of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, tungsten, osmium, iridium and platinum.
- the boundary between the rough surface region and the mirror surface region is outside a circle having a diameter of 0.1 mm centered on the center of the molding surface, according to any one of 1 to 11 above. Mold.
- the molding surface has a concave surface having a maximum angle with respect to a horizontal plane larger than 30 °, 13.
- the coating layer is formed on the molding surface of the mold, the occurrence of fusion with the molten glass can be suppressed.
- the rough surface region is formed at the center position of the molding surface, the occurrence of air accumulation can be suppressed.
- a mirror surface region having an arithmetic average roughness Ra smaller than that of the rough surface region is formed in the peripheral portion where the load is most applied during the pressure molding. Since the mirror surface region has a higher strength of the coating layer than the rough surface region, it is possible to suppress damage due to a decrease in the strength of the peripheral portion. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of fusion with the molten glass and the occurrence of air accumulation, and it is possible to suppress the damage due to the strength reduction of the peripheral portion.
- FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a molding die 10 of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1A is a top view of the mold 10 viewed from the molding surface 15 side
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.
- Molding die 10 is a mold that receives a dropped molten glass drop and is used as a lower mold for pressure-molding the molten glass drop together with the upper mold to produce a glass molded body.
- a substrate 11 having a surface 15 and a coating layer 12 formed on the molding surface 15 are provided.
- the surface of the coating layer 12 formed on the molding surface 15 has a rough surface area 13 including the central portion 16 of the molding surface 15, and an arithmetic average roughness Ra surrounding the outer surface of the rough surface area 13 than the rough surface area 13. Has a small mirror surface area 14.
- the molding surface 15 has a predetermined shape corresponding to the shape of the glass molded body to be manufactured.
- the shape of the molding surface 15 is preferably a concave surface that can stably receive molten glass droplets, but is not limited thereto, and may have a flat surface or a convex surface.
- the material of the base material 11 is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from materials known as molds according to conditions. Examples of preferable materials include various heat-resistant alloys, cemented carbide materials, ceramics, cermets, and the like. Among these, a material mainly containing at least one selected from the group consisting of tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, cermet, stainless steel, silicon, alumina, and zirconia is preferable.
- the coating layer 12 is formed on the molding surface 15. Therefore, the molten glass and the base material 11 are not in direct contact, and the molten glass can be prevented from being firmly attached (fused) to the mold 10.
- the material of the covering layer 12 may be any material that does not easily react with molten glass, and various metals, nitrides, oxides, and the like can be used.
- a metal composed of at least one metal element from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, and chromium, an oxide (aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, chromium oxide) of at least one metal element
- at least one metal element nitride chromium nitride, aluminum nitride, titanium nitride
- a film containing such a material as a main component is characterized in that the surface is oxidized by heating in the atmosphere, and a stable oxide layer is formed on the outermost surface.
- Chromium, aluminum, and titanium oxides all have small standard free energy of formation (standard Gibbs energy) and are very stable, so they do not react easily even when in contact with hot molten glass have.
- standard Gibbs energy standard Gibbs energy
- the film can be easily formed and the surface can be easily roughened by etching as described later. It should be noted that other materials may be included as long as such advantages are not impaired.
- the covering layer 12 is also preferably composed mainly of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, tungsten, osmium, iridium and platinum. These metal films are easy to form and have the advantage of being very stable against molten glass. It should be noted that other materials may be included as long as such advantages are not impaired.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a state of the molten glass droplet 20 dropped on the mold 10.
- FIG. 2A shows a state at the moment when the lower end portion of the molten glass droplet 20 collides with the molding surface 15, and
- FIG. 2B shows a state in which the molten glass droplet 20 is deformed round by surface tension thereafter. Yes.
- the portion of the glass that first collided with the molding surface 15 bounces upwards in a reaction, so that it is near the center of the lower surface of the molten glass droplet 20, A minute concave portion 27 having a diameter of several tens ⁇ m to several hundreds ⁇ m is generated.
- the molten glass droplet 20 is then deformed into a round shape by the action of surface tension, as shown in FIG. At this time, when the coating layer 12 is not provided with the rough surface region 13, the lower surface of the molten glass droplet 20 and the coating layer 12 are in close contact with each other, and there is no escape route for the air accumulated in the recess 27.
- the recess 27 remains as an air pool without disappearing.
- the rough surface region 13 is provided in the coating layer 12 of the mold 10 in this embodiment, a gap remains between the lower surface of the molten glass droplet 20 and the coating layer 12. Therefore, when the molten glass droplet 20 is deformed round by the action of surface tension, the air accumulated in the recess 27 through the gap escapes and the recess 27 disappears.
- the surface of the coating layer 12 in the rough surface region 13 preferably has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.01 ⁇ m or more, More preferably, it is 0.05 ⁇ m or more.
- the surface of the coating layer 12 in the rough surface region 13 preferably has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.2 ⁇ m or less. The size of the gap is also affected by the period of the unevenness.
- the surface of the coating layer 12 in the rough surface region 13 preferably has an average length RSm of roughness curve elements of 0.5 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or less.
- the rough surface region 13 is provided in the portion of the molding surface 15 where the molten glass droplet 20 first collides. It is not necessary to. For this reason, the center portion of the molding surface 15 is the rough surface region 13 and the peripheral portion to which the load is applied most during the pressure molding is the mirror surface region 14, thereby generating air accumulation and damage due to a decrease in strength of the peripheral portion. Can be suppressed.
- the surface of the coating layer 12 in the mirror surface region 14 preferably has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of less than 0.01 ⁇ m, and less than 0.005 ⁇ m. It is more preferable.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra and the average length RSm of the roughness curve elements are roughness parameters defined in JIS B 0601: 2001.
- these parameters are measured using a measuring instrument having a spatial resolution of 0.1 ⁇ m or less, such as an AFM (Atomic Force Microscope).
- a general stylus type roughness measuring machine is not preferable because the radius of curvature of the stylus tip is as large as several ⁇ m or more.
- the rough surface region 13 may have a small area as long as it includes at least the center portion of the molding surface 15.
- the boundary between the rough surface region 13 and the mirror surface region 14 is centered on the center of the molding surface 15 from the viewpoint of effectively suppressing the occurrence of air accumulation even when the collision position of the molten glass droplet 20 slightly varies. It is preferably outside of a circle having a diameter of 0.1 mm, and more preferably outside of a circle having a diameter of 0.5 mm.
- the molding surface 15 when the molding surface 15 is concave, the load applied during pressure molding is particularly large in a region where the angle ⁇ (see FIG. 1B) of the molding surface 15 with respect to the horizontal plane is larger than 30 °. 12 is likely to break. Therefore, when the molding surface 15 has a concave surface whose maximum angle with respect to the horizontal plane is larger than 30 °, it is preferable that the region of the molding surface 15 whose angle with respect to the horizontal plane is larger than 30 ° is the mirror surface region 14. . Thereby, the damage by the strength reduction of a peripheral part can be suppressed more effectively.
- the coating layer 12 As a method of forming the coating layer 12 having such a rough surface region 13 and a mirror surface region 14, for example, (A) the coating layer 12 is formed on the precisely processed base material 11, and the formed coating is performed. A method of performing a roughening process for increasing the arithmetic average roughness Ra to a predetermined region of the surface of the layer 12; and (B) a roughening process of increasing the arithmetic average roughness Ra to a predetermined region of the surface of the substrate 11. And the like, and the like, and the like.
- the coating layer 12 having the rough surface region 13 and the mirror surface region 14 is formed by the above method (A), it is not necessary to roughen the base material 11, so that it is necessary to consider the ease of roughening. There is no need to select the material of the material 11, and there is an advantage that uniform unevenness can be easily formed by appropriately selecting the material of the covering layer 12.
- the material of the coating layer 12 is a metal (aluminum, titanium, chromium) composed of at least one metal element in the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, and chromium, and an oxide (aluminum oxide) of at least one metal element.
- Titanium oxide, chromium oxide) or at least one nitride of the metal element is preferably a main component.
- a film containing such a material as a main component does not easily react even when contacted with high-temperature molten glass, and has an advantage that the surface can be easily roughened by etching.
- the coating layer 12 has only to have a thickness that allows a predetermined roughening process to be performed after film formation, and is usually preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more. On the other hand, if the coating layer 12 is too thick, defects such as film peeling may easily occur.
- the thickness of the coating layer 12 is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, and more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the film-forming method of the coating layer 12 What is necessary is just to select suitably from well-known film-forming methods, and to use. For example, vacuum deposition, sputtering, CVD, etc. are mentioned.
- wet etching using an etching solution or etching gas is used from the viewpoint that predetermined irregularities can be formed uniformly. It is preferable to carry out by dry etching to be used. In particular, wet etching can be preferably used because it does not require expensive equipment and can easily form uniform irregularities.
- Wet etching is a method in which a reactive etching solution is brought into contact with the surface of the coating layer 12 to react to form irregularities. The coating layer 12 may be immersed in the stored etching solution, or a predetermined amount of etching solution may be supplied onto the coating layer 12. Moreover, the method of spraying etching liquid in the spray form may be used.
- the etching solution may be appropriately selected according to the material of the coating layer 12.
- various acidic solutions are suitable.
- an etching solution mainly containing a reducing acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid is suitable.
- an acidic solution containing ceric ammonium nitrate or an alkaline solution containing potassium ferricyanide and potassium hydroxide can be suitably used.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a method for forming the coating layer 12 having a higher etching rate in the central portion than in the peripheral portion by sputtering.
- FIG. 3A shows the first embodiment
- FIG. 3B shows the second embodiment.
- the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3A is a method in which a film is formed by disposing a mask plate 32 of a predetermined size between the sputter target 31 and the molding surface 15 which is a film formation surface. is there.
- the etching rate decreases as the energy of the sputtered particles reaching the film formation surface increases, and the etching rate increases as the energy of the sputtered particles decreases.
- the sputtered particles 34 flying from the sputter target 31 directly reach the periphery of the molding surface 15, whereas the center of the molding surface 15 is behind the mask plate 32.
- the etching rate of the central portion of the coating layer 12 is larger than the etching rate of the peripheral portion.
- the substrate 11 is disposed above the sputter target 31 with the molding surface 15 tilted from the horizontal plane, and rotates around the rotation axis 33 tilted with respect to the vertical direction.
- the film is formed while the film is formed.
- the sputtered particles 34 flying from the sputter target 31 directly reach the peripheral portion of the molding surface 15, whereas the central portion of the molding surface 15 collides with the sputtering gas and has a small energy. Only the sputtered particles 35 arrive. Therefore, the etching rate of the central portion of the coating layer 12 is larger than the etching rate of the peripheral portion.
- the method of forming the film so that the etching rate of the predetermined region of the covering layer 12 is higher than that of the peripheral portion and etching the entire surface does not require the use of a mask member at the time of etching, and is a simple method. There is an advantage that etching can be performed. Further, according to the methods of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the etching rate of the formed coating layer 12 continuously changes at the boundary portion, so that the rough surface region 13 and the mirror surface region 14 are changed. The arithmetic mean roughness Ra continuously changes at the boundary between the two. Therefore, damage to the coating layer 12 at the boundary between the rough surface region 13 and the mirror surface region 14 can be suppressed, and a mold having higher durability can be obtained.
- the coating layer 12 having the rough surface region 13 and the mirror surface region 14 is formed by the method (B), it is not necessary to roughen the coating layer 12, and therefore the ease of roughening is considered.
- the material of covering layer 12 suitable from the viewpoint of reactivity with molten glass can be selected.
- the material of the coating layer 12 is a metal (aluminum, titanium, chromium) composed of at least one metal element in the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, and chromium, and an oxide (aluminum oxide) of at least one metal element.
- Titanium oxide, chromium oxide) or at least one nitride of the metal element is preferably a main component. It is also preferable that at least one metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, tungsten, osmium, iridium and platinum is a main component. Films composed mainly of these materials are very stable, and have an advantage that they do not easily react even when contacted with high-temperature molten glass.
- the coating layer 12 has only to have a thickness that does not expose the surface of the substrate 11, and is usually preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more. On the other hand, if the coating layer 12 is too thick, defects such as film peeling may easily occur. Therefore, the thickness of the coating layer 12 is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
- the coating layer 12 may have a multilayer structure including two or more layers.
- an intermediate layer for improving the adhesion between the base material 11 and the coating layer 12 may be provided, or a protective layer for protecting the surface on the coating layer 12 on which irregularities are formed by the roughening treatment. May be further provided.
- the coating layer 12 consists of two or more layers, the predetermined rough surface area
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for producing a glass molded body.
- FIG. 5 and FIG.6 is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing apparatus of the glass forming body used by this embodiment.
- FIG. 5 shows the state in the step (S203) of dropping the molten glass droplet on the lower mold
- FIG. 6 shows the state in the step (S205) of pressing the dropped molten glass droplet with the lower mold and the upper mold. Yes.
- the glass molded body manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 is connected to a melting tank 22 that accommodates a molten glass 21, a dropping nozzle 23 that is connected to the lower part of the melting tank 22 and drops molten glass droplets 20, and a dropping unit.
- the lower mold 10 for receiving the molten glass droplet 20 and the upper mold 24 for press-molding the molten glass droplet 20 together with the lower mold 10 are provided.
- the lower mold 10 is the above-described molding mold 10, and the same reference numerals are used and detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- the upper mold 24 here, a material in which the coating layer 12 for preventing fusion is formed on the base material 11 is used, but it is not particularly limited thereto.
- the lower mold 10 and the upper mold 24 are configured to be heated to a predetermined temperature by a heating means (not shown).
- a heating means known heating means can be appropriately selected and used.
- a cartridge heater that is used while being embedded inside, a sheet heater that is used while being in contact with the outside, an infrared heating device, a high-frequency induction heating device, or the like can be used.
- the temperature of the lower mold 10 and the upper mold 24 can be controlled independently.
- the lower mold 10 has a position (dropping position P1) for receiving the molten glass droplet 20 by a driving means (not shown) and a position (pressure position P2) for performing pressure molding opposite to the upper mold 24. It is comprised so that a movement along the guide 25 is possible.
- type 24 is comprised so that a movement in the direction (up-down direction of a figure) which presses the molten glass droplet 20 with the drive means which is not shown in figure is comprised.
- the lower mold 10 and the upper mold 24 are heated to a predetermined temperature (step S201). What is necessary is just to select suitably the temperature which can form a favorable transfer surface on a glass molded object by pressure molding with predetermined temperature.
- the heating temperature of the lower mold 10 and the upper mold 24 may be the same or different. Actually, the appropriate temperature differs depending on various conditions such as the type of glass, the shape and size of the glass molded body to be manufactured, and the material and size of the lower mold 10 and the upper mold 24. Is preferably obtained.
- the glass transition temperature of the glass to be used is Tg, it is preferably set to a temperature in the range of Tg-100 ° C. to Tg + 100 ° C.
- the lower mold 10 is moved to the dropping position P1 (step S202), and the molten glass droplet 20 is dropped from the dropping nozzle 23 (step S203) (see FIG. 5).
- the dropping of the molten glass droplet 20 is performed by heating the dropping nozzle 23 connected to the melting tank 22 that accommodates the molten glass 21 to a predetermined temperature.
- the dropping nozzle 23 is heated to a predetermined temperature
- the molten glass 21 accommodated in the melting tank 22 is supplied to the tip portion of the dropping nozzle 23 by its own weight, and accumulates in droplets by surface tension.
- the molten glass collected at the tip of the dropping nozzle 23 reaches a certain mass, it is naturally separated from the dropping nozzle 23 by gravity and becomes a molten glass drop 20 and falls downward.
- the mass of the molten glass droplet 20 dropped from the dropping nozzle 23 can be adjusted by the outer diameter of the tip of the dropping nozzle 23 and the like, and depending on the type of glass, the molten glass droplet 20 of about 0.1 to 2 g is dropped. Can be made. Further, the molten glass droplet 20 dropped from the dropping nozzle 23 was once collided with a member having a through pore, and a part of the collided molten glass droplet was passed through the through pore, thereby being miniaturized. A molten glass droplet may be dropped on the lower mold 10. By using such a method, it is possible to obtain a minute molten glass droplet of, for example, 0.001 g.
- the molded body can be manufactured.
- the interval at which the molten glass droplet 20 drops from the dropping nozzle 23 can be finely adjusted by the inner diameter, length, heating temperature, etc. of the dropping nozzle 23.
- glass there is no particular limitation on the type of glass that can be used, and a known glass can be selected and used according to the application. Examples thereof include optical glasses such as borosilicate glass, silicate glass, phosphate glass, and lanthanum glass.
- the lower mold 10 is moved to the pressure position P2 (step S204), the upper mold 24 is moved downward, and the molten glass droplet 20 is pressure-formed with the lower mold 10 and the upper mold 24 (process S205). (See FIG. 6).
- the molten glass droplet 20 received by the lower mold 10 is cooled by heat radiation from the contact surface with the lower mold 10 and the upper mold 24 while being pressed and solidified to become a glass molded body 26.
- the upper mold 24 is moved upward to release the pressure.
- the load applied to press the molten glass droplet 20 may be always constant or may be changed with time. What is necessary is just to set the magnitude
- the driving means for moving the upper mold 24 up and down is not particularly limited, and known driving means such as an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, and an electric cylinder using a servo motor can be appropriately selected and used.
- the manufacturing method of the glass forming body of this embodiment may include another process other than having demonstrated here. For example, a step of inspecting the shape of the glass molded body 26 before collecting the glass molded body 26, a step of cleaning the lower mold 10 and the upper mold 24 after collecting the glass molded body 26, and the like may be provided.
- the lower mold 10 (molding mold 10) used in the present embodiment has the coating layer 12 formed on the molding surface 15, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of fusion with molten glass.
- the rough surface region 13 is formed at the center position of the molding surface 15, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of air accumulation in the glass molded body 26.
- a mirror surface region 14 having an arithmetic average roughness Ra smaller than that of the rough surface region 13 is formed in a peripheral portion where the load is most applied during pressure molding. Since the mirror surface region 14 has a higher strength of the coating layer 12 than the rough surface region 13, it is possible to suppress damage due to a decrease in the strength of the peripheral portion.
- the glass molded body 26 manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present embodiment can be used as various optical elements such as an imaging lens such as a digital camera, an optical pickup lens such as a DVD, and a coupling lens for optical communication. Moreover, it can also use as a glass preform for manufacturing various optical elements by the method (reheat press method) which manufactures an optical element by heating and pressure-molding a glass preform with a shaping
- reheat press method which manufactures an optical element by heating and pressure-molding a glass preform with a shaping
- the coating layer 12 is formed on the substrate 11, and the surface of the formed coating layer 12 is subjected to a roughening process for increasing the arithmetic average roughness Ra to a predetermined region, and the shape shown in FIG. A mold was prepared.
- the base material 11 was a sintered body of silicon carbide (SiC), the radius of curvature of the concave surface was 5 mm, the diameter ⁇ a of the molding surface 15 was 10 mm, and the diameter ⁇ b of the concave surface was 7.1 mm.
- the maximum angle of the molding surface 15 with respect to the horizontal plane was 45 °.
- a coating layer 12 made of chromium was formed on the substrate 11 by the method shown in FIG. 3A, and the entire surface of the coating layer 12 was brought into contact with an etching solution to be roughened.
- the size of the rough surface region 13 was adjusted by changing the size of the mask plate 32 used in the film formation (Examples 1 to 4).
- the coating layer 12 was formed without using the mask plate 32, and the coating layer 12 was formed without using the mold (Comparative Example 1) in which the etching was not performed, A mold (Comparative Example 2) was prepared in which the entire surface was roughened by performing etching for a long time.
- etching solution a commercially available chromium etching solution (ECR-2 manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, Inc.) containing ceric ammonium nitrate was used.
- the roughening was performed so that the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the rough surface region 13 was 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the average length RSm of the roughness curve element of the rough surface region 13 was 0.1 ⁇ m.
- region 14 was 0.005 micrometer.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra and the average length RSm of the roughness curve elements were measured by AFM (D3100 manufactured by Digital Instruments). Table 1 shows the position of the boundary between the rough surface region 13 and the mirror surface region 14 and the angle at the boundary with respect to the horizontal plane of the produced mold.
- Example 2 Under the same conditions as the lower mold of Example 2 above, the surface roughness (arithmetic mean roughness Ra and average length RSm of the roughness curve element) of the rough surface region 13 is different from each other with six types of lower molds (Examples 5 to 5). 10) was produced, and a glass molded body was produced in the same manner as in Experiment 1.
- Table 2 shows the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the rough surface region 13 and the average length RSm of the roughness curve elements of the produced lower mold.
- the shape, dimensions, and the like other than the surface roughness of the rough surface area 13 are the same as those of the lower mold of the second embodiment, the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the mirror surface area 14 is 0.005 ⁇ m, and the boundary between the rough surface area 13 and the mirror surface area 14 Is a position having a diameter of 2.6 mm.
- the size of the air reservoir is remarkably smaller than that in the case of Comparative Example 1.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the rough surface region 13 is 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 0.5 ⁇ m or less
- the average length RSm of the roughness curve element is 0.5 ⁇ m or less. In this case, it was confirmed that air accumulation did not occur and was particularly good.
- Example 3 Under the same conditions as the lower mold of Example 2 above, four types of lower molds (Examples 11 to 14) having different arithmetic average roughness Ra of the mirror surface region 14 were prepared. Manufactured. Table 3 shows the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the mirror surface region 14 of the produced lower mold.
- the shape, dimensions, and the like other than the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the mirror surface region 14 are the same as those of the lower mold of Example 2, the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the rough surface region 13 is 0.1 ⁇ m, and the average length RSm of the roughness curve element was 0.1 ⁇ m, and the boundary between the rough surface region 13 and the mirror surface region 14 was a position having a diameter of 2.6 mm.
- Mold (Lower mold) DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Base material 12 Coating layer 13 Rough surface area
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Abstract
Description
前記成形型は、前記溶融ガラス滴を加圧成形する成形面を有する基材と、前記成形面に形成された被覆層とを備え、
前記成形面に形成された前記被覆層の表面は、前記成形面の中心部を含む粗面領域と、前記粗面領域の外側を取り囲み前記粗面領域よりも算術平均粗さRaが小さい鏡面領域と、を有することを特徴とする成形型。
前記鏡面領域における前記被覆層の表面は、算術平均粗さRaが0.01μm未満であることを特徴とする前記1に記載の成形型。
前記粗面領域と前記鏡面領域とでは、前記エッチングの際の前記被覆層のエッチングレートが異なることを特徴とする前記3に記載の成形型。
前記成形面のうち水平面に対する角度が30°よりも大きい領域は、前記鏡面領域であることを特徴とする前記1から12の何れか1項に記載の成形型。
前記下型と、前記下型に対向する上型とで、前記下型に滴下した前記溶融ガラス滴を加圧成形する工程と、を有するガラス成形体の製造方法において、
前記下型は、前記1から13の何れか1項に記載の成形型であることを特徴とするガラス成形体の製造方法。
始めに、本実施形態における成形型10について、図1~図3を参照しながら説明する。図1は、本実施形態の成形型10を模式的に示す図である。図1(a)は成形型10を成形面15側から見た上面図、図1(b)は図1(a)のA-A断面図である。成形型10は、滴下した溶融ガラス滴を受け、上型と共に溶融ガラス滴を加圧成形してガラス成形体を製造するための下型として用いるものであり、溶融ガラス滴を加圧成形する成形面15を有する基材11と、成形面15に形成された被覆層12とを備えている。また、成形面15に形成された被覆層12の表面は、成形面15の中心部16を含む粗面領域13と、粗面領域13の外側を取り囲み粗面領域13よりも算術平均粗さRaが小さい鏡面領域14とを有している。
次に、本実施形態のガラス成形体の製造方法について、図4~図6を参照しながら説明する。図4は、ガラス成形体の製造方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。また、図5及び図6は本実施形態で使用するガラス成形体の製造装置の模式図である。図5は下型に溶融ガラス滴を滴下する工程(S203)における状態を、図6は、滴下した溶融ガラス滴を下型と上型とで加圧する工程(S205)における状態を、それぞれ示している。
(成形型の作製)
基材11の上に被覆層12を形成し、形成された被覆層12の表面の所定の領域に算術平均粗さRaを増加させる粗面化処理を施す方法により、図1に示した形状の成形型を作製した。基材11の材質は炭化珪素(SiC)の焼結体とし、凹面の曲率半径は5mm、成形面15の直径φaは10mm、凹面の直径φbは7.1mmとした。成形面15の水平面に対する角度の最大値は、45°であった。
上述のように作製した6種類の成形型を下型10として用いて、図4に示すフローチャートに従ってガラス成形体の製造を行った。ガラス材料にはTgが480℃のリン酸系ガラスを用いた。滴下ノズル23の先端付近の温度は1000℃とし、約190mgの溶融ガラス滴20が滴下するように設定した。また、工程S301における加熱温度は、下型10が500℃、上型24が450℃とし、工程S305における加圧の荷重は1800Nとした。なお、上型24の成形面は平面とし、比較例1と同じ条件で被覆層12を形成したものを使用した。
上記の実施例2の下型と同じ条件で、粗面領域13の表面粗度(算術平均粗さRa及び粗さ曲線要素の平均長RSm)がそれぞれ異なる6種類の下型(実施例5~10)を作製し、実験1と同様にガラス成形体の製造を行った。作製した下型の、粗面領域13の算術平均粗さRa及び粗さ曲線要素の平均長RSmを表2に示す。粗面領域13の表面粗度以外の形状、寸法等は実施例2の下型と同じであり、鏡面領域14の算術平均粗さRaは0.005μm、粗面領域13と鏡面領域14の境界は直径φ2.6mmの位置とした。
上記の実施例2の下型と同じ条件で、鏡面領域14の算術平均粗さRaがそれぞれ異なる4種類の下型(実施例11~14)を作製し、実験1と同様にガラス成形体の製造を行った。作製した下型の、鏡面領域14の算術平均粗さRaを表3に示す。鏡面領域14の算術平均粗さRa以外の形状、寸法等は実施例2の下型と同じであり、粗面領域13の算術平均粗さRaは0.1μm、粗さ曲線要素の平均長RSmは0.1μm、粗面領域13と鏡面領域14の境界は直径φ2.6mmの位置とした。
11 基材
12 被覆層
13 粗面領域
14 鏡面領域
15 成形面
16 中心部
20 溶融ガラス滴
21 溶融ガラス
22 溶融槽
23 滴下ノズル
24 上型
25 ガイド
26 ガラス成形体
27 凹部
31 スパッタターゲット
32 マスク板
33 回転軸
Claims (14)
- 滴下した溶融ガラス滴を受け、上型と共に該溶融ガラス滴を加圧成形してガラス成形体を製造するための下型として用いる成形型において、
前記成形型は、前記溶融ガラス滴を加圧成形する成形面を有する基材と、前記成形面に形成された被覆層とを備え、
前記成形面に形成された前記被覆層の表面は、前記成形面の中心部を含む粗面領域と、前記粗面領域の外側を取り囲み前記粗面領域よりも算術平均粗さRaが小さい鏡面領域と、を有することを特徴とする成形型。 - 前記粗面領域における前記被覆層の表面は、算術平均粗さRaが0.01μm以上0.5μm以下、且つ、粗さ曲線要素の平均長RSmが0.5μm以下であり、
前記鏡面領域における前記被覆層の表面は、算術平均粗さRaが0.01μm未満であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の成形型。 - 前記粗面領域は、前記基材の上に形成された前記被覆層に対して、算術平均粗さRaを増加させる粗面化処理を行って形成されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の成形型。
- 前記粗面化処理は、前記被覆層をエッチングする処理であり、
前記粗面領域と前記鏡面領域とでは、前記エッチングの際の前記被覆層のエッチングレートが異なることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の成形型。 - 前記被覆層は、アルミニウム、チタン及びクロムからなる群のうち少なくとも1種の金属元素からなる金属、少なくとも1種の前記金属元素の酸化物、又は、少なくとも1種の前記金属元素の窒化物を主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の成形型。
- 前記被覆層の膜厚は、0.5μm以上10μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項3から5の何れか1項に記載の成形型。
- 前記粗面領域は、算術平均粗さRaを増加させる粗面化処理が施された前記基材の上に、前記被覆層が形成されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の成形型。
- 前記被覆層は、アルミニウム、チタン及びクロムからなる群のうち少なくとも1種の金属元素からなる金属、少なくとも1種の前記金属元素の酸化物、又は、少なくとも1種の前記金属元素の窒化物を主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の成形型。
- 前記被覆層は、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、銀、タングステン、オスミウム、イリジウム及び白金からなる群のうち少なくとも1種の金属を主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の成形型。
- 前記被覆層の膜厚は、0.01μm以上10μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項7から9の何れか1項に記載の成形型。
- 前記粗面領域と前記鏡面領域との境界部では、算術平均粗さRaが連続的に変化していることを特徴とする請求項1から10の何れか1項に記載の成形型。
- 前記粗面領域と前記鏡面領域との境界は、前記成形面の中心を中心とする直径0.1mmの円よりも外側であることを特徴とする請求項1から11の何れか1項に記載の成形型。
- 前記成形面は、水平面に対する角度の最大値が30°よりも大きい凹面を有し、
前記成形面のうち水平面に対する角度が30°よりも大きい領域は、前記鏡面領域であることを特徴とする請求項1から12の何れか1項に記載の成形型。 - 下型に溶融ガラス滴を滴下する工程と、
前記下型と、前記下型に対向する上型とで、前記下型に滴下した前記溶融ガラス滴を加圧成形する工程と、を有するガラス成形体の製造方法において、
前記下型は、請求項1から13の何れか1項に記載の成形型であることを特徴とするガラス成形体の製造方法。
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JP6411734B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-12 | 2018-10-24 | Hoya株式会社 | 研磨用ガラス光学素子ブランク用成形型、並びに、研磨用ガラス光学素子ブランクおよび光学素子の製造方法 |
CN108863031B (zh) * | 2017-05-12 | 2023-07-07 | Agc株式会社 | 弯曲基材的制造方法及弯曲基材 |
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