WO2009119572A1 - 飲料水の硬度を調整するための携帯用硬度調整装置 - Google Patents
飲料水の硬度を調整するための携帯用硬度調整装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009119572A1 WO2009119572A1 PCT/JP2009/055807 JP2009055807W WO2009119572A1 WO 2009119572 A1 WO2009119572 A1 WO 2009119572A1 JP 2009055807 W JP2009055807 W JP 2009055807W WO 2009119572 A1 WO2009119572 A1 WO 2009119572A1
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- ion adsorption
- drinking water
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- adsorption electrode
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4602—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for prevention or elimination of deposits
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/4618—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4691—Capacitive deionisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46123—Movable electrodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
- C02F2201/46135—Voltage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a portable hardness adjusting device for adjusting the hardness of drinking water.
- water softening devices for reducing the hardness of water have been proposed (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2003-117550 and 2003-334549).
- Conventionally proposed water softening devices soften water using ion exchange resins.
- sodium ions bonded to exchange groups in the ion exchange resin are exchanged with calcium ions or magnesium ions in water.
- calcium ions and magnesium ions are adsorbed on the ion exchange resin, and water is softened.
- the conventional water softening device using an ion exchange resin has a problem that it is difficult to miniaturize and is not suitable for portable use. Moreover, the conventional water softening device using an ion exchange resin has a problem that it takes a relatively long time to regenerate the ion exchange resin. Moreover, the conventional water softening apparatus using an ion exchange resin has the subject that sodium chloride water is required for reproduction
- an object of the present invention is to provide a new hardness adjusting device that can be carried.
- the device of the present invention is a portable hardness adjusting device for adjusting the hardness of drinking water, and includes an electrode group that includes the first and second ion-adsorbing electrodes and can be folded.
- the first ion-adsorbing electrode includes a first conductive material capable of adsorbing ions
- the second ion-adsorbing electrode includes a second conductive material capable of adsorbing ions, Adjusting the amount of ions adsorbed on the first and second conductive materials by applying a voltage to the electrodes included in the electrode group in a state where the electrode group is immersed in the drinking water, To adjust the hardness of the drinking water.
- the hardness of the drinking water is adjusted using a conductive substance capable of adsorbing ions. Therefore, the device of the present invention has a simple structure, and can be easily miniaturized and easily carried. Moreover, in the apparatus of this invention, regeneration of an electrode can be performed in a short time. Further, the apparatus of the present invention does not require sodium chloride water for electrode regeneration. Therefore, the device of the present invention is easy to use on a trip.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of an example of the apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a container used in the apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view showing a state when the container is expanded with respect to an example of the container used in the apparatus of the present invention and an electrode group disposed thereon.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state when the container and the electrode group illustrated in FIG. 3A are folded.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the container is expanded with respect to another example of the container used in the apparatus of the present invention and the electrode group disposed thereon.
- FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the container is expanded with respect to another example of the container used in the apparatus of the present invention and the electrode group disposed thereon.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view showing a state when the container and the electrode group shown in FIG. 4A are folded.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram showing an example of an ion adsorption electrode used in the apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 5B is a diagram showing another example of the ion adsorption electrode used in the apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A is a front view showing another example of the ion adsorption electrode used in the apparatus of the present invention.
- 6B is a cross-sectional view of the ion adsorption electrode shown in FIG. 6A.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of another example of the apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the electrode group of the apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9A is a perspective view showing an example of a container used in the apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 9B is a perspective view showing a state in use of the container shown in FIG. 9A.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of electrodes in an example of the apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a metal electrode.
- the portable hardness adjusting device of the present invention is a device for adjusting the hardness of drinking water.
- This apparatus includes an electrode group that can be folded including a first ion adsorption electrode and a second ion adsorption electrode, and a power source for applying a voltage between the first ion adsorption electrode and the second ion adsorption electrode.
- the first ion adsorption electrode includes a first conductive substance that can adsorb ions.
- the second ion adsorption electrode includes a second conductive material that can adsorb ions.
- the amount of ions adsorbed by the first and second conductive materials is adjusted by applying a voltage to the electrodes included in the electrode group in a state where the electrode group is immersed in drinking water. Adjusts the hardness of the drinking water.
- the “foldable electrode group” includes an electrode group that can reduce the space occupied by the electrode group by reducing the distance between adjacent electrodes.
- the “foldable electrode group” includes an electrode group that can be folded to reduce the space occupied by the electrode group.
- the electrode group used in the present invention is an electrode group that can occupy a smaller space when not in use than in use.
- the first and second conductive ions are applied by applying a voltage between the first and second ion adsorbing electrodes with the first and second ion adsorbing electrodes immersed in drinking water.
- the hardness of the drinking water is adjusted by adjusting the amount of ions adsorbed on the active substance.
- the apparatus of the present invention may further include a container that can be folded.
- the electrode group when the container is folded, the electrode group may be folded and disposed in the container. Further, when the container is folded, the electrode group may be taken out from the container.
- the apparatus of the present invention it is possible not to make it an essential requirement whether the electrode group can be folded. That is, in the apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to use an electrode group that cannot be folded. However, in this case, there is a disadvantage that the apparatus cannot be made compact when not in use. In the apparatus of the present invention, a container that cannot be folded may be used.
- the container is made of a material that can hold drinking water and can be folded.
- the container may be formed of a synthetic resin or a cloth coated with rubber.
- An example of the container is a container that can be folded into a bellows shape.
- the amount of drinking water that can be stored in the container is not limited, but may be in the range of 0.3 to 10 liters (for example, in the range of 0.5 to 3 liters) in consideration of portability.
- the container may include a mechanism for facilitating replacement of the liquid in the container.
- the container may include an inlet for allowing the liquid to flow into the container and an outlet for discharging the liquid in the container.
- Each of the first and second ion adsorption electrodes may be a flat electrode.
- the first ion adsorption electrode and the second ion adsorption electrode are preferably arranged so as to be parallel to each other. According to this configuration, the entire electrode can be used efficiently.
- the electrode group includes a flat metal electrode described later, the first ion adsorption electrode, the second ion adsorption electrode, and the metal electrode are parallel to each other when the electrode group is expanded. It is preferable to arrange
- the first and second conductive substances are substances that can reversibly adsorb and release ions.
- a material having a large specific surface area can be used for the first and second conductive materials.
- a preferred example of the first and second conductive materials is activated carbon.
- the first and second conductive materials may be conductive sheets formed by agglomerating granular activated carbon.
- the first and second conductive materials may be conductive sheets formed by aggregating granular activated carbon and conductive carbon.
- the first and second conductive materials may be activated carbon blocks formed by solidifying activated carbon particles.
- the first and second conductive materials may be activated carbon fiber cloth, that is, a cloth formed using activated carbon fibers.
- the activated carbon fiber cloth for example, ACC5092-10, ACC5092-15, ACC5092-20, and ACC5092-25 manufactured by Nippon Kainol Corporation may be used.
- the first and second ion adsorption electrodes may have a structure through which ions easily pass.
- an uneven ion concentration in the solution can be suppressed.
- granular activated carbon is used as the conductive material, it is preferable to form the electrode by applying granular activated carbon to a porous current collector or a current collector having a through-hole such as punching metal. . Further, it is particularly preferable to use activated carbon fiber cloth for the electrode.
- the specific surface areas of the first and second conductive materials are, for example, 300 m 2 / g or more, preferably 900 m 2 / g or more.
- the upper limit of the specific surface area is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 2500 m 2 / g or less.
- “specific surface area” is a value measured by the BET method using nitrogen gas.
- the power source (voltage supply) is usually a DC power source.
- the power source may be a battery such as a dry battery, a rechargeable battery, or a solar battery.
- the power source may be an AC-DC adapter that converts alternating current obtained from a power outlet into direct current.
- the power source may be a power generation device (for example, a manual power generation device).
- the hardness of drinking water can be lowered by the following step (i).
- a voltage is applied between the first ion adsorption electrode and the second ion adsorption electrode in a state where the first and second ion adsorption electrodes are immersed in the drinking water.
- a voltage DC voltage
- the first ion adsorption electrode becomes an anode ie, the second ion adsorption electrode becomes a cathode.
- Magnesium ions and calcium ions in the drinking water are adsorbed to the second conductive substance by applying a voltage. As a result, the hardness of the drinking water in the container decreases.
- a sulfate ion, a carbonate ion, a chlorine ion, a nitrate ion etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the voltage applied between the first ion adsorption electrode and the second ion adsorption electrode may be a voltage higher than 2 volts. Assuming there are no oxygen and hydrogen overvoltages on the electrodes and no voltage drop due to the resistance of the drinking water, the drinking water is electrolyzed at a voltage of 2 volts or less. However, in practice, there is a voltage drop due to the oxygen overvoltage and hydrogen overvoltage of the electrode and the resistance of the drinking water, so even if a voltage higher than 2 volts is applied, the electrolysis of the drinking water does not occur. By applying a voltage as high as possible within the range where electrolysis of drinking water does not occur, the ion adsorption rate can be increased.
- the applied voltage may be higher than 3 volts, higher than 5 volts, or higher than 10 volts as long as the influence of water electrolysis is not a problem.
- the applied voltage is usually 50 volts or less.
- a constant voltage may be applied between the first ion adsorption electrode and the second ion adsorption electrode. Further, a voltage may be applied so that a constant current flows between the electrodes.
- step (a) is performed.
- the second ion-adsorbing electrode and the first ion-adsorbing electrode in which at least one cation selected from calcium ions and magnesium ions is adsorbed by the second conductive material are immersed in drinking water.
- This second ion adsorption electrode can be obtained by the step (i).
- the drinking water used in step (i) and the drinking water used in step (a) are different drinking water. That is, after performing the step (i), the step (a) is performed by replacing the drinking water with new drinking water.
- Anions are adsorbed on the first conductive material of the first ion adsorption electrode that has undergone the step (i).
- the first ion adsorption electrode becomes a cathode (ie, the second ion adsorption electrode).
- a voltage DC voltage
- the at least one cation is released into the drinking water, thereby increasing the hardness of the drinking water.
- the anion adsorbed on the first conductive material is also released into the drinking water.
- the ions adsorbed on the conductive substance can be released also by short-circuiting the first ion adsorption electrode and the second ion adsorption electrode. Is possible.
- the voltage applied in step (a) may be higher than 3 volts, higher than 5 volts, or higher than 10 volts as long as the influence of water electrolysis does not matter.
- the voltage applied in step (a) is usually 50 volts or less.
- drinking water is usually processed in a batch system. For example, first, drinking water (hard water) to be treated is placed in a container. And drinking water is softened by performing the said process (i). The softened drinking water is taken out of the container and drunk.
- the first ion adsorption electrode may include a first wiring in contact with the first conductive material.
- the second ion adsorption electrode may include a second wiring in contact with the second conductive material.
- the first and second wirings may be metal wirings made of metal such as titanium, aluminum, tantalum and niobium, or may be carbon wires. The surface of these wirings may be coated with platinum.
- first wiring and the second wiring may be covered with a synthetic resin or rubber except for a contact portion between the conductive substance and the wiring.
- the synthetic resin and rubber are preferably water repellent.
- a silicone resin can be used as the synthetic resin.
- a metal wiring made of a specific metal such as aluminum, tantalum, niobium or titanium is used on the anode side, an oxide film may be formed on the surface and the contact resistance may be increased. Therefore, when using such metal wiring, it is preferable to coat the surface of the metal wiring with a synthetic resin or rubber in a state where the metal wiring and the conductive material are in contact with each other.
- the synthetic resin and rubber may include conductive particles such as carbon black. When the conductive particles are included, the conductivity between the wiring and the conductive material can be increased by the conductive particles.
- step (i) ions are adsorbed on the first and second conductive materials. When a certain amount or more of ions are adsorbed, it becomes difficult to adsorb more ions. In such a case, the adsorbed ions may be released.
- the following ion release step (ii) may be performed after step (i).
- step (ii) first, water for ion release is placed in the container. Next, a voltage is applied between the first ion adsorption electrode and the second ion adsorption electrode so that the first ion adsorption electrode becomes a cathode (that is, the second ion adsorption electrode becomes an anode). Apply.
- step (ii) There is no limitation on the voltage applied in step (ii), for example, a voltage at which water electrolysis does not actually occur.
- a voltage at which water electrolysis does not actually occur.
- the anion adsorbed on the first ion adsorption electrode and the cation adsorbed on the second ion adsorption electrode are released into water.
- the hardness of the water from which ions are released increases.
- the water from which ions are released may be used as water having high hardness or may be discarded.
- the hardness of the water can be increased or decreased by performing step (i) and step (ii) on the same water. Further, by performing the step (i) on the first water and performing the step (ii) on the second water different from the first water, the hardness of the first water is reduced and the first water is reduced. 2 water hardness can be raised. The degree to which the hardness is changed can be adjusted by the voltage application time and the magnitude of the applied voltage.
- the release of ions can also be performed by short-circuiting the first ion adsorption electrode and the second ion adsorption electrode after the step (i).
- the anion adsorbed on the first conductive material is considered to be bonded to the positive charge existing near the surface of the first conductive material by the Coulomb force. Further, it is considered that the cation adsorbed on the second conductive material is bonded to the negative charge existing near the surface of the second conductive material by the Coulomb force. Therefore, when the two electrodes are short-circuited to cancel the positive charge and the negative charge accumulated in the first and second conductive materials, ions are released from the conductive material.
- Release of ions due to electrode short-circuiting can be performed, for example, by the following procedure.
- the softened drinking water is taken out from the container.
- the first ion adsorption electrode and the second ion adsorption electrode are short-circuited.
- Short-circuiting of both electrodes may be performed by bringing both electrodes into direct contact when folded, or may be short-circuited by wiring. In this case, a shorting switch may be provided in the middle of the wiring.
- a small amount of drinking water remains in the container, and ions are released into the drinking water.
- the first and second conductive materials are regenerated. It is preferable to wash the inside of the container and the electrode with water for washing before carrying out the step (i) after carrying out the ion releasing step.
- the apparatus of the present invention unlike the conventional water softener using an ion exchange resin, sodium chloride water is not required for regeneration of the apparatus. Therefore, it is easy to use at travel destinations. Also, in the apparatus of the present invention, unlike the conventional apparatus using an ion exchange resin, the electrode can be regenerated in a short time.
- the principle of adsorbing ions in drinking water is the same as an electric double layer capacitor.
- the first conductive material and the second conductive material are the same material and have the same amount.
- the amount of charge of the anion adsorbed on the first conductive material before oxygen gas is generated in the first ion adsorption electrode that is the anode is such that the hydrogen gas is absorbed in the second ion adsorption electrode that is the cathode.
- the potential of the first ion adsorption electrode (anode) first reaches the decomposition potential of water. .
- the amount of charge accumulated in the first ion adsorption electrode until oxygen gas is generated in the first ion adsorption electrode, and hydrogen gas in the second ion adsorption electrode It is preferable that the amount of charge accumulated in the second ion-adsorbing electrode before the occurrence of is the same.
- the total weight of the first conductive material is 1 to 2 times the total weight of the second conductive material (for example, 1 .1 to 2 times or 1.2 to 1.5 times).
- the electrode group used in the apparatus of the present invention may include a metal electrode.
- the metal electrode can be used as a counter electrode of the ion adsorption electrode.
- An example of the metal electrode is an electrode whose surface is covered with a metal (for example, Pt) that is susceptible to electrolysis of water, such as a Pt electrode or an electrode made of Ti coated with Pt.
- the metal electrode may be an electrode in which a path through which a liquid can pass is formed.
- the metal electrode may be a flat electrode in which a through hole is formed. By using such an electrode, it is possible to prevent the movement of ions from being suppressed by the metal electrode.
- the plate-like electrode in which the through-hole is formed includes a plate-like electrode in which the through-hole is formed and a mesh-like electrode.
- the metal electrode may or may not be disposed between the first ion adsorption electrode and the second ion adsorption electrode.
- the metal electrode is preferably a flat electrode in which a through hole is formed.
- step (i) a first voltage is applied between the metal electrode immersed in the water in the container and one of the first and second ion-adsorbing electrodes. And it is possible to correct the imbalance of the amount of ions adsorbed on the second conductive material. At this time, a voltage is applied so that water electrolysis occurs on the surface of the metal electrode.
- the apparatus of the present invention by applying a voltage between at least one electrode selected from the first and second ion-adsorbing electrodes and the metal electrode, water is electrolyzed on the surface of the metal electrode, thereby drinking water.
- the pH may be adjusted.
- drinking water may be sterilized by applying a voltage between at least one electrode selected from the first and second ion adsorption electrodes and the metal electrode.
- the device of the present invention may be equipped with a pH meter for measuring the pH of drinking water.
- the anions in the drinking water cause the conductivity of the ion-adsorbing electrode. Adsorbed to the substance.
- hydroxide ions (OH ⁇ ) and hydrogen gas are generated on the surface of the metal electrode. As a result, the drinking water becomes alkaline.
- the pH of the drinking water can be set within a range suitable for the beverage.
- the pH of the drinking water can be in the range of 4.5 to 9.5 (eg, in the range of 6 to 8).
- the pH of the drinking water can be set to 4 or less or 10 or more by the above method. It is possible to sterilize the drinking water by changing the pH of the drinking water to acidic and / or alkaline. After sterilization, the pH of the drinking water may be adjusted again so that the drinking water has a pH suitable for the beverage.
- the sterilization method includes the following steps (I) and (II).
- step (I) the drinking water pH is changed to 4 or less or 10 or more by applying a DC voltage between the ion adsorption electrode and the metal electrode in the drinking water.
- step (II) in the drinking water that has undergone the step (I), the pH of the drinking water is in the range of 4.5 to 9.5 by applying a DC voltage between the ion adsorption electrode and the metal electrode. (For example, a range of 6 to 8).
- 1st ion adsorption electrode and / or 2nd ion adsorption electrode can be used for the ion adsorption electrode used by process (I).
- the 1st ion adsorption electrode and / or the 2nd ion adsorption electrode can be used for the ion adsorption electrode used at process (II).
- step (I) and step (II) different ion adsorption electrodes are used in step (I) and step (II).
- step (I) a voltage is applied between the first ion adsorption electrode and the metal electrode so that the first ion adsorption electrode becomes an anode. This reduces anions in the drinking water and makes the drinking water alkaline.
- step (II) a voltage is applied between the second ion adsorption electrode and the metal electrode so that the second ion adsorption electrode becomes a cathode.
- step (I) This reduces cations in the drinking water and neutralizes the drinking water. In this way, it is possible to reduce the hardness of the drinking water simultaneously with sterilization.
- the drinking water is made acidic in the step (I) and the drinking water is made neutral in the step (II).
- step (II) when the same ion adsorption electrode is used in step (I) and step (II), there is no significant change in the concentration of ions in the drinking water before and after sterilization.
- the pH of the drinking water is changed by 6 or more to 4 or less or 10 or more.
- Step (x) may be further performed.
- the pH of the drinking water is 4 or less in the step (I)
- the pH of the drinking water is 10 or more in the step (x)
- the pH of the drinking water is 4.5 to 9.5 in the step (II).
- a range of 6 to 8 the pH of the drinking water is 10 or more in step (I)
- the pH of the drinking water is 4 or less in step (x)
- the pH of the drinking water is 4.5 to 9.5 in step (II).
- a range of 6 to 8 a range of 6 to 8.
- the ion adsorption electrode used in step (I) and step (II) is different from the ion adsorption electrode used in step (x).
- a DC voltage is applied between the first ion adsorption electrode and the metal electrode so that the first ion adsorption electrode becomes an anode. This reduces the anion of the drinking water and raises the pH of the drinking water.
- a DC voltage is applied between the second ion adsorption electrode and the metal electrode so that the second ion adsorption electrode becomes a cathode. This reduces the cation of the drinking water and lowers the pH of the drinking water.
- step (I) and step (II) is the same as the ion adsorption electrode used in step (x), the concentration of ions in the drinking water changes greatly before and after the sterilization step. There is no.
- the drinking water is changed to both acidic and alkaline. Therefore, both bacteria that are weak in acidity and bacteria that are weak in alkalinity can be reduced.
- the ion adsorption electrode used in the step (x) the first ion adsorption electrode and / or the second ion adsorption electrode can be used.
- step (I), step (II) and step (x) a voltage that causes electrolysis of drinking water on the surface of the metal electrode is applied between the electrodes.
- the voltage at which electrolysis of drinking water changes depends on the ion concentration in the drinking water and the type of metal electrode. In one example, a voltage in the range of 5 to 30 volts is applied.
- the sterilization in the step (I) and the step (x) is due to the effects of both sterilization by making the pH acidic or alkaline and sterilization on the surface of the metal electrode by changing the potential of the metal electrode. Conceivable.
- the effectiveness of the sterilization method was confirmed using an aqueous sodium chloride solution intentionally mixed with bacteria.
- An activated carbon fiber cloth manufactured by Nihon Kynol Co., Ltd., ACC-5092-10, basis weight: 200 g / m 2 , thickness 0.53 mm, specific surface area 1100 m 2 / g
- the metal electrode a plate-like electrode in which platinum-coated titanium wires were arranged in a stripe shape was used.
- test solution 120 ml of the test solution was put in a container.
- a neutral sodium chloride aqueous solution containing bacteria sodium chloride concentration: 0.78 g / liter
- a voltage was applied between the ion adsorption electrode and the metal electrode so that the ion adsorption electrode became an anode. This voltage application was performed for 15 minutes with a current of 200 mA flowing between the electrodes. By applying this voltage, the pH of the test solution became 12.
- the test solution was allowed to stand for 15 minutes after the voltage application was stopped.
- test solution After a predetermined time from the start of the experiment, a part of the test solution was extracted and the number of viable bacteria existing therein was measured. The number of viable cells was measured by adding the test solution to the SCDLP medium and culturing. As a control, the number of viable bacteria was measured at the start of the test and 75 minutes after the start of the test for the test solution that was not sterilized. Table 1 shows the relationship between the elapsed time from the start of the test, the pH of the test solution, and the number of viable bacteria.
- the number of Bacillus subtilis hardly changed after the alkali treatment, but became 1/100 or less after the acid treatment.
- the number of E. coli became 1/10 or less after the alkali treatment, and 1 / 10,000 or less after the acid treatment.
- the number of Staphylococcus aureus hardly changed after the alkali treatment, but became 1 / 10,000 or less after the acid treatment.
- the number of Candida was 1 / 1,000 or less after the alkali treatment, and 1 / 10,000 or less after the acid treatment.
- the number of black mold was less than 1/50 after the alkali treatment, but there was almost no change in the acid treatment.
- the number of black mold became 1 / 1,000 or less after the alkali treatment and 1 / 10,000 or less after the acid treatment.
- each of the first and second conductive substances may be covered with a protective cloth.
- the apparatus of the present invention may include a display unit that displays the resistance value of the drinking water in the container or the hardness of the drinking water estimated based on the resistance value.
- the resistance value of the drinking water rises accordingly. Therefore, it is possible to know the change in the ion concentration in the drinking water by monitoring the resistance value of the drinking water.
- the resistance value in the drinking water includes the voltage applied between the electrodes included in the electrode group (for example, between the first ion adsorption electrode and the second ion adsorption electrode), and the current value flowing between these electrodes. It is possible to estimate from In this case, the apparatus of the present invention further includes an ammeter for measuring a current flowing between the electrodes included in the electrode group (for example, between the first ion adsorption electrode and the second ion adsorption electrode).
- a display device such as a liquid crystal panel can be used for the display unit.
- the display unit displays the resistance value of the drinking water or the estimated hardness. Their values are calculated by a controller connected to the power supply and ammeter.
- the hardness is estimated from the measured resistance value by, for example, measuring the relationship between the resistance value and the hardness in advance for each type of drinking water and storing the relationship in a storage device in the controller. Is possible.
- the time for applying a voltage between the electrodes is determined by the user.
- the user may determine the voltage application time according to the recommended voltage application time according to the hardness of water at the travel destination.
- Another example of the device of the present invention may include a controller for controlling voltage application between the electrodes.
- Such a controller has a memory in which a program for executing at least one of the steps described above (for example, steps (i), (ii), (a), (I), (II) and (x)) is recorded.
- Unit storage device
- an arithmetic processing unit that executes the program.
- An example of the arithmetic processing unit includes a CPU.
- An example of the controller includes an LSI. The controller may control the magnitude of the voltage and the application time of the voltage.
- the controller is connected to the power source. Moreover, when an apparatus is provided with the instrument for measuring the state of drinking water, those instruments are also connected to a controller. Examples of such meters include ammeters, voltmeters, pH meters, and the like for measuring ion concentrations.
- the apparatus of the present invention may include a timer for controlling the voltage application time.
- a known activated carbon filter may be incorporated into the apparatus of the present invention.
- the electrode 1 includes a container 10, a power supply 13, a DC ammeter 14, a controller 15, a display unit 16, and an electrode group 20.
- the electrode group 20 includes a plurality of first ion adsorption electrodes 21 and a plurality of second ion adsorption electrodes 22.
- the ion adsorption electrodes 21 and 22 are disposed in the container 10.
- Drinking water 25 is disposed in the container 10.
- the ion adsorption electrodes 21 and 22 are immersed in the drinking water 25.
- the power source 13 is an AC-DC adapter that converts alternating current obtained from a power outlet into direct current.
- the DC ammeter 14 measures the current flowing between the ion adsorption electrode 21 and the ion adsorption electrode 22.
- the controller 15 includes an input unit for switching on / off of the apparatus. Based on the input information, the controller 15 controls the power supply 13 to apply a voltage to the electrode group 20. Further, the controller 15 calculates an expected value of hardness based on the output from the DC ammeter 14 and outputs it to the display unit 16.
- the display unit 16 displays the predicted hardness value.
- the container 10 is a container that can be folded into a bellows shape.
- a perspective view of an example of the container 10 is shown in FIG. Moreover, about an example of the electrode arrange
- 3A shows a state when the container 10 is expanded
- FIG. 3B shows a state when the container 10 is folded.
- the inner size when the container 10 shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B is expanded is, for example, 10 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 15 cm high. By using such a container 10, it is possible to process 1 liter of liquid.
- ion adsorption electrodes 21a to 21c and ion adsorption electrodes 22a to 22c are arranged.
- the size of each ion adsorption electrode is about 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm.
- the electrode interval when the container 10 is expanded is about 2 cm. There is no limitation on the electrode interval when the container 10 is folded, and the electrodes may contact each other.
- the folded container 10 is fixed with the fixing tool 31 shown to FIG. 3B, or is accommodated in a bag.
- FIG. 4A and 4B are horizontal cross-sectional views of another example of the container 10 and the electrodes disposed therein.
- 4A shows a state when the container 10 is expanded
- FIG. 4B shows a state when the container 10 is folded.
- the inner size when the container 10 shown in FIG. 4 is expanded is, for example, 8 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 15 cm high. By using such a container 10, it is possible to treat 0.8 liter of liquid.
- ion adsorption electrodes 21a and 21b and an ion adsorption electrode 22 are arranged.
- the size of each ion adsorption electrode is about 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm.
- the electrode interval when the container 10 is expanded is about 4 cm. There is no limitation on the electrode interval when the container 10 is folded, and the electrodes may contact each other.
- the electrode group 20 is folded.
- the ion adsorption electrode 50 in FIG. 5A includes an activated carbon fiber cloth 51 and a wiring 52 disposed on the surface of the activated carbon fiber cloth 51. A part or all of the wiring 52 may be covered with a water-repellent conductive resin 53 as shown in FIG. 5B.
- FIG. 6A Another example of the ion adsorption electrodes 21 and 22 is shown in FIG. 6A.
- a cross-sectional view taken along line VIB-VIB in FIG. 6A is shown in FIG. 6B.
- the 6 includes an activated carbon fiber cloth 61, a wiring 62, a protective cloth 63, a fixing sheet 64, and a fastener 65.
- the activated carbon fiber cloth 61 and the wiring 62 are in contact with each other.
- the wiring 62 is covered with a silicone resin (not shown) containing carbon black.
- the protective cloth 63 is a cloth for preventing the activated carbon fiber cloth 61 from being worn out or preventing fiber waste generated by the abrasion of the activated carbon fiber cloth 61 from being mixed into drinking water.
- the protective cloth 63 is a cloth that allows liquid to pass but does not allow fine fiber waste to pass through.
- a cloth made of synthetic fiber such as polyester, cotton, hemp or the like can be used.
- the fixed sheet 64 is a mesh-like sheet and allows liquid to pass freely.
- the material of the fixing sheet 64 is not particularly limited, and may be formed of, for example, plastic or metal whose surface is coated with a resin.
- the fastener 65 fixes the fixing sheet 64.
- the activated carbon fiber cloth 61 and the protective cloth 63 are fixed by the fixing sheet 64 and the fastener 65.
- the ion adsorption electrodes 21 and 22 are formed of activated carbon fiber cloth.
- the total weight of the activated carbon fiber cloth used for the ion adsorption electrode 21 serving as the anode (anode) is the same as that of the ion adsorption electrode 22 serving as the cathode (cathode).
- the total weight of the activated carbon fiber cloth used is preferably 1 to 2 times (for example, 1.1 to 2 times or 1.2 to 1.5 times).
- the amount of electricity required from the rest potential (RP) to electrolysis and the amount of ions adsorbed from the rest potential to electrolysis are experimentally determined. Asked. At this time, ACC5092-10 and ACC5092-25 manufactured by Nippon Kainol Co., Ltd. were used as the activated carbon fiber cloth. The experimental results are shown in Table 2. The amount of ions shown in Table 2 is an amount when it is assumed that all ions in the liquid are monovalent ions.
- the activated carbon fiber of the anode in order to make the amount of ions adsorbed on the anode before the gas is generated at the anode and the amount of ions adsorbed on the cathode before the gas is generated at the cathode, the activated carbon fiber of the anode It can be seen that the total weight of the cloth should be about 1.3 to 1.35 times the total weight of the activated carbon fiber cloth of the cathode. In practice, the total weight of the activated carbon fiber cloth of the anode may be about 1.2 to 1.5 times the total weight of the activated carbon fiber cloth of the cathode.
- the number of ion adsorption electrodes 21 is larger than the number of ion adsorption electrodes 22 (cathodes).
- the amount of activated carbon fiber cloth constituting the ion adsorption electrode 21 is set larger than the amount of activated carbon fiber cloth constituting the ion adsorption electrode 22.
- Embodiment 2 demonstrates an example of the hardness adjustment apparatus which does not contain a container.
- a hardness adjusting apparatus according to Embodiment 2 is shown in FIG. 7 includes a power source 13, a DC ammeter 14, a controller 15, a display unit 16, and an electrode group 70.
- the electrode group 70 includes ion adsorption electrodes 21 and 22 and a support member 73.
- the ion adsorption electrodes 21 and 22 are supported by a support member 73.
- the support member 73 is made of a sheet through which liquid can pass.
- a sectional view of the electrode group 70 is shown in FIG. FIG. 8 shows a state where the electrode group 70 is expanded.
- the support member 73 can be folded like a bellows like the container 10.
- a mesh-like plastic sheet can be used for the support member 73.
- the electrode group 70 is folded by folding the support member 73 in the direction of the arrow in FIG.
- the apparatus 200 it is possible to adjust the hardness of the drinking water arranged in an arbitrary container. Specifically, the electrode group 70 is immersed in drinking water disposed in the container, and a voltage is applied between the ion adsorption electrode 21 and the ion adsorption electrode 22. As a result, the hardness of the drinking water can be adjusted similarly to the device 100.
- FIG. 9A A perspective view of an example of such a container is shown in FIG. 9A.
- a container 90 of FIG. 9A includes a container 91, fixing plates 92a to 92c, and a connecting member 93 that connects the container 91 and the plates 92a to 92c.
- the container 91 is formed of a water-resistant sheet, and the upper side is open.
- the plates 92 a and 92 b are plates for fixing the side surface of the container 91.
- the plate 92c is a plate for fixing the bottom surface of the container 91.
- Each side of the plates 92a to 92c is fixed to the side of the container 91 by a connecting member 93, and can rotate around the side in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 9A.
- the container 91 can be folded in a direction in which the plates 92a and 92b and the plate 92c are brought close to each other.
- the plates 92a and 92b are fixed to the side surface of the container 91, and the plate 92c is fixed to the bottom surface of the container 91.
- the plates 92a to 92c are fixed to the container 91 by fixing members (not shown) such as hook-and-loop fasteners and hooks.
- the container 91 is held in an unfolded state.
- Embodiment 3 In the third embodiment, an example of an apparatus including a metal electrode will be described.
- the apparatus according to the third embodiment is the same as the apparatus according to the first embodiment except that the apparatus includes a metal electrode.
- FIG. 10 shows the electrode arrangement of the apparatus of the third embodiment.
- the apparatus of FIG. 10 includes a plurality of first ion adsorption electrodes 21, a plurality of second ion adsorption electrodes 22, and a metal electrode 23. These electrodes are connected to a power source (power source 13 of the apparatus 100).
- the metal electrode 23 is disposed between the first ion adsorption electrode 21 and the second ion adsorption electrode 22.
- the 1st ion adsorption electrode 21, the 2nd ion adsorption electrode 22, and the metal electrode 23 are flat electrodes, and are arrange
- the metal electrode 23 is a flat electrode in which a through hole 23h is formed.
- the present invention can also be applied to the adjustment of the hardness of water other than drinking water. That is, the present invention can also be applied to a method and apparatus for adjusting the hardness of water.
- the word “drinking water” in the above description can be replaced with “water”.
- the present invention can be used for an apparatus for adjusting the hardness of water, for example, a water softening apparatus for drinking water.
- a water softening apparatus for drinking water for example, a water softening apparatus for drinking water.
- commercially available mineral water, tap water, spring water, and the like can be softened.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の携帯用硬度調整装置は、飲料水の硬度を調整するための装置である。この装置は、第1および第2のイオン吸着電極を含み畳むことが可能な電極群と、第1のイオン吸着電極と第2のイオン吸着電極との間に電圧を印加するための電源とを含む。第1のイオン吸着電極は、イオンを吸着できる第1の導電性物質を含む。第2のイオン吸着電極は、イオンを吸着できる第2の導電性物質を含む。この装置では、電極群を飲料水に浸漬した状態で電極群に含まれる電極に電圧を印加することによって、第1および第2の導電性物質に吸着されているイオンの量を調節し、これによって飲料水の硬度が調整される。
本発明の装置では、第1および第2のイオン吸着電極から選ばれる少なくとも一方の電極と金属電極との間に電圧を印加することによって、金属電極の表面で水を電気分解させて飲料水のpHを調整してもよい。また、本発明の装置では、第1および第2のイオン吸着電極から選ばれる少なくとも一方の電極と金属電極との間に電圧を印加することによって飲料水の殺菌を行ってもよい。pH調整および/または殺菌を行う場合には、本発明の装置は飲料水のpHを測定するためのpHメータを備えてもよい。
以下、本発明の装置の一例について、図面を参照しながら説明する。実施形態1の装置の硬度調整装置の構成を図1に模式的に示す。
実施形態2では、容器を含まない硬度調整装置の一例について説明する。実施形態2の硬度調整装置を図7に示す。図7の装置200は、電源13、直流電流計14、コントローラ15、表示部16、および電極群70を備える。電極群70は、イオン吸着電極21および22と支持部材73とを含む。
実施形態3では、金属電極を含む装置の一例について説明する。実施形態3の装置は、金属電極を含むことを除いて実施形態1の装置と同様であるため、重複する説明を省略する。
Claims (15)
- 飲料水の硬度を調整するための携帯用硬度調整装置であって、
第1および第2のイオン吸着電極を含み畳むことが可能な電極群と、電源とを含み、
前記第1のイオン吸着電極は、イオンを吸着できる第1の導電性物質を含み、
前記第2のイオン吸着電極は、イオンを吸着できる第2の導電性物質を含み、
前記電極群を前記飲料水に浸漬した状態で前記電極群に含まれる電極に電圧を印加することによって、前記第1および第2の導電性物質に吸着されているイオンの量を調節し、これによって前記飲料水の硬度を調整する、携帯用硬度調整装置。 - 前記電極群が金属電極をさらに含み、
前記第1および第2のイオン吸着電極から選ばれる少なくとも一方の電極と前記金属電極との間に電圧を印加することによって前記飲料水の殺菌を行う、請求項1に記載の携帯用硬度調整装置。 - 前記金属電極は、前記第1のイオン吸着電極と前記第2のイオン吸着電極との間に配置されており、
前記金属電極は、貫通孔が形成された平板状の電極である、請求項2に記載の携帯用硬度調整装置。 - 前記第1および第2のイオン吸着電極を前記飲料水に浸漬した状態で前記第1のイオン吸着電極と前記第2のイオン吸着電極との間に電圧を印加することによって前記第1および第2の導電性物質に吸着されているイオンの量を調節し、これによって前記飲料水の硬度を調整する、請求項1に記載の携帯用硬度調整装置。
- 前記第1のイオン吸着電極と前記第2のイオン吸着電極との間に流れる電流を測定するための電流計をさらに備える、請求項4に記載の携帯用硬度調整装置。
- 前記飲料水に前記第1および第2のイオン吸着電極を浸漬させた状態で、前記第1のイオン吸着電極がアノードとなるように前記第1のイオン吸着電極と前記第2のイオン吸着電極との間に前記電圧を印加することによって、前記飲料水中の陰イオンを前記第1の導電性物質に吸着させるとともに前記飲料水中の陽イオンを前記第2の導電性物質に吸着させ、これによって前記飲料水の硬度が下げられる、請求項4に記載の携帯用硬度調整装置。
- 前記電圧が2ボルトよりも高い電圧である、請求項6に記載の携帯用硬度調整装置。
- カルシウムイオンおよびマグネシウムイオンから選ばれる少なくとも1つの陽イオンが前記第2の導電性物質に吸着されている前記第2のイオン吸着電極と前記第1のイオン吸着電極とを前記飲料水に浸漬させた状態で、前記第1のイオン吸着電極がカソードとなるように前記第1のイオン吸着電極と前記第2のイオン吸着電極との間に電圧を印加することによって、前記少なくとも1つの陽イオンを前記飲料水中に放出させ、これによって前記飲料水の硬度が上げられる、請求項4に記載の携帯用硬度調整装置。
- 前記第1および第2の導電性物質が活性炭である、請求項1に記載の携帯用硬度調整装置。
- 前記第1のイオン吸着電極および前記第2のイオン吸着電極のそれぞれは平板状の電極であり、
前記電極群を広げたときに、前記第1のイオン吸着電極と前記第2のイオン吸着電極とが互いに平行になるように配置される、請求項1に記載の携帯用硬度調整装置。 - 前記第1のイオン吸着電極は、前記第1の導電性物質に接する第1の配線を含み、
前記第2のイオン吸着電極は、前記第2の導電性物質に接する第2の配線を含む、請求項1に記載の携帯用硬度調整装置。 - 前記第1の配線および前記第2の配線は、前記第1および第2の導電性物質との接触部を除く部分が樹脂またはゴムで被覆されている、請求項11に記載の携帯用硬度調整装置。
- 前記第1および第2の導電性物質のそれぞれが、保護布で覆われている請求項1に記載の携帯用硬度調整装置。
- 畳むことが可能な容器をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の携帯用硬度調整装置。
- 前記電極群が金属電極をさらに含み、
前記第1および第2のイオン吸着電極から選ばれる少なくとも一方の電極と前記金属電極との間に電圧を印加することによって、前記金属電極の表面で水を電気分解させて前記飲料水のpHを調整する、請求項1に記載の携帯用硬度調整装置。
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Cited By (8)
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JP2011098312A (ja) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-19 | Kuraray Co Ltd | イオン吸着装置及びイオン性物質の除去方法 |
JP2015529542A (ja) * | 2012-06-27 | 2015-10-08 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | カチオンおよびアニオンを含む溶液を調製する装置および方法 |
JP2015524352A (ja) * | 2012-08-06 | 2015-08-24 | セグレゲーション オブ メタル システム エス.アール.エル. | 水中の汚染物質及び/又は有価元素の濃度を低減する方法及び施設 |
WO2014123138A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-14 | シャープ株式会社 | 電解水生成ユニットおよびこれを備えた給水装置 |
JP2014151271A (ja) * | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-25 | Sharp Corp | 電解水生成ユニットおよびこれを備えた給水装置 |
WO2015093094A1 (ja) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | シャープ株式会社 | 機能水生成器 |
JP2017518161A (ja) * | 2014-02-06 | 2017-07-06 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェKoninklijke Philips N.V. | 脱灰装置 |
JP2018517543A (ja) * | 2015-03-26 | 2018-07-05 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェKoninklijke Philips N.V. | 一方向pH調整方法及び装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4461271B2 (ja) | 2010-05-12 |
EP2258661A4 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
JPWO2009119572A1 (ja) | 2011-07-28 |
US20110042206A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
EP2258661B1 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
CN101980968A (zh) | 2011-02-23 |
US8529737B2 (en) | 2013-09-10 |
CN101980968B (zh) | 2012-10-31 |
EP2258661A1 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
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