WO2009107585A1 - 耐浸炭性金属材料 - Google Patents
耐浸炭性金属材料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009107585A1 WO2009107585A1 PCT/JP2009/053212 JP2009053212W WO2009107585A1 WO 2009107585 A1 WO2009107585 A1 WO 2009107585A1 JP 2009053212 W JP2009053212 W JP 2009053212W WO 2009107585 A1 WO2009107585 A1 WO 2009107585A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- the present invention has a high temperature strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and particularly a metal material used in a carburizing gas atmosphere containing hydrocarbon gas, CO gas, etc., particularly a cracking furnace or reformer in a petroleum refining or petrochemical plant.
- the present invention relates to a metal material excellent in weldability and metal dusting resistance suitable as a material for a furnace, a heating furnace or a heat exchanger.
- the synthesis gas produced in the reaction apparatus as described above that is, a gas containing hydrocarbons such as H 2 , CO, CO 2 , H 2 O and methane is mixed with a metal material such as a reaction tube and around 1000 ° C. It is in contact at higher temperatures. On the surface of the metal material in this temperature range, elements such as Cr and Si, which have a higher tendency to oxidize than Fe and Ni, are selectively oxidized, and a dense film such as Cr oxide and Si oxide is formed. Corrosion is suppressed.
- the heating furnace tube of a catalytic cracking furnace that increases the octane number of naphtha obtained by distillation of crude oil also becomes a severe carburizing environment consisting of hydrocarbons and hydrogen, and carburizing and metal dusting occur.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that Cr is 11 to 60% (mass%, the same applies hereinafter) with respect to metal dusting resistance in an atmosphere gas of 400 to 700 ° C. containing H 2 , CO, CO 2 , and H 2 O. .) Fe-based alloys or Ni-based alloys have been proposed. Specifically, an Fe-based alloy containing 24% or more of Cr and 35% or more of Ni, a Ni-based alloy containing 20% or more of Cr and 60% or more of Ni, and an alloy material obtained by adding Nb to these alloys. The invention is shown to be superior. However, merely increasing the Cr or Ni content of the Fe-based alloy or Ni-based alloy does not provide a sufficient carburization suppressing effect, and a metal material having further metal dusting resistance is desired.
- Patent Document 2 is based on the group VIII, group IB, group IV and group V of the periodic table for corrosion caused by metal dusting of a high temperature alloy containing iron, nickel and chromium.
- One or more metals and mixtures thereof are deposited on the surface by conventional physical or chemical means and annealed in an inert atmosphere to form a thin layer having a thickness of 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m. This is intended to protect the alloy surface.
- Sn, Pb, Bi and the like are particularly effective.
- this method is effective in the initial stage, there is a possibility that the thin layer peels off due to long-term use and the effect is lost.
- Patent Document 3 regarding the metal dusting resistance of a metal material in an atmosphere gas of 400 to 700 ° C. containing H 2 , CO, CO 2 , and H 2 O, from the viewpoint of a solute element in iron.
- addition of elements that form stable carbides in metal materials such as Ti, Nb, V, Mo, or Si, Al, Ni, Cu.
- an alloy element such as Co having a positive interaction coefficient ⁇ is effective in suppressing metal dusting.
- increasing Si, Al, etc. may lead to a decrease in hot workability and weldability, and there is room for improvement in terms of manufacturing stability and plant construction.
- Patent Document 4 low Si-based 25Cr-20Ni (HK40) heat-resisting steel and low Si-based 25Cr-35Ni heat-resisting steel are preoxidized in the atmosphere at a temperature in the vicinity of 1000 ° C. for 100 hours or more. And a method for pre-oxidizing austenitic heat-resisting steel containing 20 to 35% Cr in the air is disclosed. Further, Patent Document 7 proposes a method for improving carburization resistance by heating a high Ni—Cr alloy in a vacuum to form a scale film.
- Patent Document 8 discloses that a Cr-based oxide film having high adhesion even under an environment subjected to a heating / cooling cycle by satisfying Si ⁇ (Cr + 0.15Ni-18) / 10 for the contents of Si, Cr and Ni.
- An austenitic alloy having excellent carburization resistance has been proposed even in an environment exposed to corrosive gas at high temperatures.
- Patent Document 9 even when Cu or rare earth elements (Y and Ln groups) are contained, a uniform oxide film having a high Cr concentration in the film is formed, and even under an environment where a heating / cooling cycle is received.
- An austenitic stainless steel with excellent scale peeling resistance has been proposed.
- Patent Document 10 proposes a method for improving carburization resistance by forming a concentrated layer of Si or Cr by surface treatment.
- H 2 S may significantly reduce the activity of the catalyst used for reforming, its application is limited.
- Patent Documents 12 and 13 propose that gas dissociative adsorption (gas / metal surface reaction) is suppressed by containing an appropriate amount of one or more of P, S, Sb, and Bi. ing. Since these elements segregate on the metal surface, carburization and metal dusting corrosion can be significantly suppressed without adding excessive amounts. However, since these elements segregate not only at the metal surface but also at the grain boundaries of the metal crystal grains, problems remain in hot workability and weldability.
- Patent Document 14 describes that by adding Cu, the corrosion resistance is enhanced, while S and O are reduced as much as possible to enhance the hot workability improving effect by B.
- Patent Document 15 describes “ ⁇ The GI value represented by “Cr + 3.6Ni + 4.7Mo + 11.5Cu” (General Corrosion Index) is set to 60 to 90, and the CI value represented by “Cr + 0.4Ni + 2.7Mo + Cu + 18.7N” (Crevice Corrosion Index). It is described that by setting the crevice corrosion resistance index) to 35 to 50, excellent corrosion resistance and crevice corrosion resistance are improved in a sulfuric acid and sulfate environment.
- Patent Document 16 improves hot workability by increasing the Cu content while adding more than 0.0015% B to keep the oxygen content low. All of these limit the upper limit of the C content to be low in order to avoid a decrease in corrosion resistance. Therefore, solid solution strengthening of C cannot be expected, and sufficient high-temperature strength cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is unsuitable as a metal material used at high temperatures.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-78204 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-172473 JP 2003-73763 A JP-A-53-66832 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 53-66835 JP 57-43989 A JP 11-29776 A JP 2002-256398 A JP 2006-291290 A Special Table 2000-509105 Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-48284 JP 2007-186727 A JP 2007-186728 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1-21038 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-170946 JP-A-4-346638
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned present situation, and its purpose is to use a carburizing gas and a metal in a cracking furnace tube for an ethylene plant, a heating furnace tube of a catalytic reforming furnace, a reforming furnace tube of a synthesis gas, By suppressing the surface reaction, a metal material having metal dusting resistance, carburization resistance and coking resistance and further improved weldability is provided.
- the present inventors have studied various methods that can suppress HAZ cracking during welding even when a considerable amount of Si or Cu is added to improve corrosion resistance. As a result, they have found that HAZ cracking can be suppressed by the following methods (f) and (g).
- the present invention has been completed based on these findings, and the gist thereof is as shown in the following (1) to (3).
- the present invention (1) to the present invention (3) respectively.
- the present invention is sometimes referred to.
- the reason for limiting the composition range of the metal material is as follows.
- “%” display of the content of each element means “mass%”.
- C 0.08 to 0.4% C is one of the important elements in the present invention. In addition to increasing the strength at high temperatures, it combines with Cr to form carbides, thereby improving the weldability. In particular, the effect is remarkable in the metal material of the present invention in which the contents of Si and Cu are increased. In order to fully exhibit this effect, 0.08% of content is required. However, if it exceeds 0.4%, the toughness of the alloy becomes extremely poor, so the upper limit is made 0.4%. Preferably, it exceeds 0.1% and is 0.35% or less, and a more preferable range is more than 0.15% and 0.25% or less.
- P 0.04% or less P lowers the hot workability and weldability, so the upper limit of P is 0.04%.
- the effect is particularly important when the content of Si or Cu is high.
- a preferable upper limit of P is 0.03%, and a more preferable upper limit is 0.025%.
- P since it has a function of suppressing the dissociative adsorption reaction on the metal surface of the carburizing gas, P may be contained in the case where a decrease in weldability can be tolerated.
- S 0.015% or less S, like P, reduces hot workability and weldability, so the upper limit of S is 0.015%.
- the effect is particularly important when the content of Si or Cu is high.
- a preferable upper limit of P in S is 0.01%, and a more preferable upper limit is 0.003%.
- P similarly to P, it has a function of suppressing the dissociative adsorption reaction of the carburizing gas on the metal surface, and therefore S may be contained when a decrease in weldability can be tolerated.
- Cr 18-30% or 22-30% Cr stably forms an oxide scale such as Cr 2 O 3 and has an effect of blocking the carburizing gas, so that sufficient carburizing resistance, metal dusting resistance and the like can be obtained even in a severe carburizing gas environment. Provides caulking resistance. In addition, weldability is improved by combining with C to form carbides. The effect is particularly important when the content of Si or Cu is high. In order to fully exhibit this effect, the content of 18% or more is necessary. However, excessive addition degrades the workability as well as the structural stability, so the upper limit is made 30%.
- the minimum with preferable Cr content is 19%, More preferably, it is 22%, More preferably, it is 23%. Moreover, the upper limit with preferable Cr content is 28%, More preferably, it is 27%.
- Ni 20% or more and less than 30%
- Ni is an element necessary for obtaining a stable austenite structure depending on the Cr content, and a content of 20% or more is required.
- C penetrates into the metal material, it has a function of reducing the penetration speed.
- it has the function of ensuring the high temperature strength of the metal structure.
- the content is more than necessary, the cost is high and the production is difficult.
- coking and metal dusting may be promoted particularly in a gas environment containing hydrocarbons, so the upper limit of the Ni content is less than 30%.
- a preferable range is 22.5% to less than 30%, and a more preferable range is more than 25% and 29.5% or less.
- Cu 0.5 to 10.0%
- Cu is one of the important elements in the present invention.
- Cu suppresses the surface reaction between the carburizing gas and the metal, and greatly improves the metal dusting resistance and the like. Further, since it is an austenite-forming element, it is possible to replace part of Ni with Cu. In order to exhibit the effect of improving metal dusting resistance, it is necessary to contain 0.5% or more. However, if the content exceeds 10.0%, the weldability is lowered, so the upper limit of the content is 10.0%.
- the preferred content is 1.0 to 6.0%. A more preferable content is 2.1 to 4.0%.
- Al 0.01 to 1%
- Al is an element effective for improving the high temperature strength.
- it since it has a high affinity with oxygen, it has an effect as a deoxidizer, and it becomes part of the constituent elements of the oxide scale to improve the gas barrier property. In particular, this effect can be expected in this environment with strong carburizing properties. In order to exhibit this effect, it is effective to contain 0.01% or more. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1%, weldability is impaired. Therefore, the Al content is set to 0.01 to 1%.
- a preferred range is 0.12 to 0.8%.
- a more preferable range is 0.2 to 0.6%.
- Ti 0.01 to 1% Ti is an element effective for improving the high temperature strength.
- it since it has an affinity for oxygen, it becomes a part of the constituent elements of the oxide scale and improves the gas barrier property. In particular, this effect can be expected in this environment with strong carburizing properties. Therefore, it is actively included. In order to exhibit this effect, it is effective to contain 0.01% or more. However, if excessively contained, workability and weldability deteriorate, so 1% is made the upper limit.
- a preferred range is 0.12 to 0.8%.
- a more preferable range is 0.2 to 0.6%.
- N 0.15% or less N may not be contained. If contained, it has the effect of increasing the high-temperature strength of the metal material. However, if the content exceeds 0.15%, workability is inhibited. Accordingly, the upper limit of the N content is 0.15%. A preferable upper limit is 0.05%. In addition, in order to acquire the effect which raises the high temperature strength of a metal material, it is preferable to make it contain 0.0005% or more, More preferably, it is made to contain 0.001% or more.
- O (oxygen) 0.02% or less
- O (oxygen) is an impurity element mixed from a raw material or the like when a metal material is melted.
- the content of O (oxygen) exceeds 0.02%, a large amount of oxide inclusions are present in the metal material, workability is deteriorated, and the surface of the metal material is wrinkled. Therefore, the upper limit of O (oxygen) is set to 0.02%.
- the present invention (3) relating to a metal material having improved strength, ductility and toughness will be described.
- the metal material defined in the present invention (1) or (2) contains a component selected from at least one grape of the following first group to fifth group: It is a carburization-resistant metal material characterized by further containing at least one of them.
- Co has an effect of stabilizing the austenite phase
- a part of the Ni component can be substituted. Therefore, Co may be contained as necessary.
- the content exceeds 10%, the hot workability is lowered. Therefore, when Co is contained, the content is made 10% or less. From the viewpoint of hot workability, the preferred range is 0.01 to 5%, and the more preferred range is 0.01 to 3%.
- Second group (mass%, Mo: 2.5% or less, W: 5% or less) Since both Mo and W are solid solution strengthening elements, either one or both of them may be contained as necessary. However, when Mo is contained, if the content exceeds 2.5%, the workability is deteriorated and the structure stability is inhibited. Therefore, when Mo is contained, the content is 2.5%. The following. The Mo content is preferably 0.01 to 2.3%. Further, when W is contained, if the content exceeds 5%, the workability is deteriorated and the structure stability is inhibited. Therefore, when W is contained, the content is set to 5% or less. The W content is preferably 0.01 to 2.3%.
- the content is 0.1% or less.
- the Zr content is preferably 0.001 to 0.05%.
- Nb if the content exceeds 2%, the weldability is deteriorated. Therefore, when Nb is contained, the content is made 2% or less.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.001 to 0.1%.
- Hf the weldability is lowered when the content exceeds 0.5%. Therefore, when Hf is contained, the content is set to 0.5% or less.
- the Hf content is preferably 0.001 to 0.1%.
- Mg and Ca have the effect
- Mg mass of Mg
- weldability is deteriorated. Therefore, when Mg is contained, its content is 0.1% or less.
- the Mg content is preferably 0.0005 to 0.1%.
- Ca is contained, if the content exceeds 0.1%, weldability is lowered. Therefore, when Ca is contained, the content is 0.1% or less.
- the Ca content is preferably 0.0005 to 0.1%.
- the metal material according to the present invention is formed into a required shape such as a thick plate, a thin plate, a seamless pipe, a welded pipe, a forged product, a wire rod, etc. by means of melting, casting, hot working, cold working, welding or the like. It's okay. Moreover, you may shape
- the metal material surface after the final heat treatment may be subjected to surface processing such as pickling, shot blasting, shot peening, mechanical cutting, grinder polishing, and electrolytic polishing. Further, the metal material according to the present invention may be formed into an irregular shape such as one or two or more protrusion shapes on the surface.
- the metal material according to the present invention may be formed into a required shape in combination with various carbon steels, stainless steels, Ni-base alloys, Co-base alloys, Cu alloys, and the like.
- various steels or alloys for example, a shape that has been subjected to mechanical joining such as pressure welding or “caulking” or thermal joining such as welding or diffusion treatment. It is also possible.
- test piece having a width of 15 mm and a length of 20 mm was cut out from the metal material shown in Table 1. This test piece was kept isothermally at 650 ° C. in a 45% CO-42.5% H 2 -6.5% CO 2 -6% H 2 O gas atmosphere in a volume ratio, and taken out after 200 hours, and the test piece The presence or absence of pits generated on the surface was judged from both visual and optical microscope observations. The results are summarized in Table 2.
- the metal materials with numbers 24 to 33 whose chemical compositions deviate from the conditions defined in the present invention, the metal materials with numbers 24, 26, 28, 32 and 33 generated pits after 200 hours. Therefore, the metal dusting resistance is poor in a synthesis gas environment containing CO. On the other hand, none of the metal materials defined in the present invention has pits and is excellent in metal dusting resistance.
- a metal material having a chemical composition shown in Table 1 was melted using a high-frequency heating vacuum furnace and subjected to hot forging and hot rolling to produce a metal plate having a thickness of 6 mm.
- the metal plate was subjected to solution heat treatment under conditions of 1160 to 1230 ° C. for 5 minutes, and a part of the metal plate was cut to produce a test piece.
- a test piece having a width of 15 mm and a length of 20 mm was cut out from the metal material shown in Table 1. This test piece was kept isothermally at 650 ° C. in a 30% C 3 H 8 -70% H 2 gas atmosphere in a volume ratio and taken out after 10 hours to check for the presence or absence of pits generated on the surface of the test piece. Judgment was made from visual observation and light observation. The results are summarized in Table 2.
- the metal materials with numbers 24 to 33 whose chemical compositions deviate from the conditions specified in the present invention, the metal materials with numbers 24, 26 to 28 and 31 to 33 generate pits in the 10-hour test.
- the metal dusting resistance is poor in a hydrocarbon gas environment.
- none of the metal materials defined in the present invention has excellent metal dusting resistance because no pits are generated.
- a metal material having a chemical composition shown in Table 1 is melted using a high-frequency heating vacuum furnace, and hot forging and hot rolling are performed to obtain two metal plates each having a plate thickness of 12 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a length of 100 mm. Each was made.
- the metal plate was subjected to a solution heat treatment at 1200 ° C. for 5 minutes, and a part of the metal plate was cut to produce a test piece.
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Abstract
Description
ここで、(1)式中の元素記号は、その元素の質量%での含有量を表す。
ここで、(1)式中の元素記号は、その元素の質量%での含有量を表す。
ここで、(1)式中の元素記号は、その元素の質量%での含有量を表す。
第1グループ:質量%で、Co:10%以下、
第2グループ:質量%で、Mo:2.5%以下及びW:5%以下、
第3グループ:質量%で、B:0.1%以下、V:0.5%以下、Zr:0.1%以下、Nb:2%以下及びHf:0.5%以下、
第4グループ:質量%で、Mg:0.1%以下及びCa:0.1%以下、
第5グループ:質量%で、Y:0.15%以下、La:0.15%以下、Ce:0.15%以下及びNd:0.15%以下。
Cは、本発明において重要な元素のひとつである。高温での強度を高めるほか、Crなどと結合して炭化物を形成することによって、溶接性を改善する効果を発揮する。特に、SiとCuの含有量を高めてなる、本発明の金属材料においてはその効果が著しい。この効果を十分に発揮するためには、0.08%の含有が必要である。ただし、0.4%を超えると合金の靱性が極端に悪くなるため、上限を0.4%とする。好ましくは、0.1%を超えて0.35%以下であり、より好ましい範囲は0.15%を超えて0.25%以下である。
Siは、本発明において重要な元素のひとつである。酸素との親和力が強いため、Cr2O3等の保護性酸化スケ-ル層の下層にSi系酸化スケールを形成し、浸炭性ガスを遮断する。この作用は、0.6%以上含有することで発揮される。ただし、2.0%を超えると溶接性が著しく低下するので、上限を2.0%とする。好ましい範囲は、0.7~2.0%であり、より好ましい範囲は、0.8~1.5%である。
Mnは脱酸能力を有するほか、加工性や溶接性を改善するので、0.05%以上添加する。また、Mnはオーステナイト生成元素であることから。Niの一部をMnで置換することも可能である。ただし、過剰の添加は保護性酸化スケール層の浸炭性ガス遮断性能を阻害することから、Mnの含有量上限を2.5%とする。好ましい範囲は、0.1~2.0%である。より好ましい範囲は、0.7~1.6%である。
Pは熱間加工性や溶接性を低下させるので、Pの上限を0.04%とする。特にSiやCuの含有量が高い場合にその効果が重要となる。Pの好ましい上限は0.03%であり、さらに好ましい上限は0.025%である。ただし、浸炭性ガスの金属表面における解離性吸着反応を抑制する働きを有するため、溶接性の低下を許容できる場合にはPを含有させてもよい。
Sは、Pと同様に、熱間加工性や溶接性を低下させるので、Sの上限を0.015%とする。特にSiやCuの含有量が高い場合にその効果が重要となる。SのPの好ましい上限は0.01%であり、さらに好ましい上限は0.003%である。ただし、Pと同様に、浸炭性ガスの金属表面における解離性吸着反応を抑制する働きを有するため、溶接性の低下を許容できる場合にはSを含有させてもよい。
CrはCr2O3等の酸化スケ-ルを安定に形成し、浸炭性ガスを遮断する効果があるので、特に苛酷な浸炭性ガス環境においても十分な耐浸炭性、耐メタルダスティング性および耐コーキング性を付与する。また、Cと結合し炭化物を形成することで溶接性を改善する。特にSiやCuの含有量が高い場合にその効果が重要となる。この効果を十分に発揮するには、18%以上の含有が必要である。しかしながら、過剰な添加は加工性とともに組織安定性を劣化させるので上限を30%とする。Cr含有量の好ましい下限は19%であり、より好ましくは22%、さらに好ましくは23%である。また、Cr含有量の好ましい上限は28%であり、より好まししくは27%である。
Niは、Cr含有量に応じて安定したオーステナイト組織を得るために必要な元素であり、20%以上の含有量が必要である。また、Cが金属材料中に浸入した場合、浸入速度を低減する機能を有する。さらに、金属組織の高温強度を確保する働きがある。しかしながら、必要以上の含有は、コスト高と製造難を招くほか、特に炭化水素を含有するガス環境ではコーキングやメタルダスティングを促進する場合もあるため、Niの含有量の上限を30%未満に制限する。好ましい範囲は22.5%~30%未満であり、より好ましい範囲は25%を超えて29.5%以下である
Cuは本発明において重要な元素のひとつである。Cuは浸炭性ガスと金属の表面反応を抑制し、耐メタルダスティング性等を大きく向上させる。また、オーステナイト生成元素であるためNiの一部をCuで置換することも可能である。耐メタルダスティング性の向上効果を発揮するためには、0.5%以上含有させる必要がある。ただし、10.0%を超えて含有させると溶接性を低下させるので、含有量の上限を10.0%とする。好ましい含有量は1.0~6.0%である。より好ましい含有量は2.1~4.0%である。
Alは高温強度向上に有効な元素である。また、酸素との親和力が高いため脱酸剤としての効果も有するほか、酸化スケールの構成元素の一部となりガスの遮断性を高める。特に、浸炭性の強い本環境において、その効果が期待できる。この効果を発揮するには、0.01%以上含有させることが有効である。一方、1%を超えると溶接性を阻害する。そのため、Alの含有量は0.01~1%とする。好ましい範囲は0.12~0.8%である。より好ましい範囲は0.2~0.6%である。
Tiは高温強度向上に有効な元素である。また、酸素との親和力があるため、酸化スケールの構成元素の一部となり、ガスの遮断性を高める。特に、浸炭性の強い本環境において、その効果が期待できる。そのため積極的に含有させる。この効果を発揮するためには、0.01%以上含有させることが有効である。しかしながら、過剰に含有させると加工性や溶接性が低下するため、1%を上限とする。好ましい範囲は0.12~0.8%である。より好ましい範囲は0.2~0.6%である。
Nは含有させなくてもよい。含有させれば、金属材料の高温強度を高める作用を有する。しかしながら、その含有量が0.15%を超えると加工性を阻害する。したがって、Nの含有量は0.15%を上限とする。好ましい上限は、0.05%である。なお、金属材料の高温強度を高める効果を得るためには、0.0005%以上含有させることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.001%以上含有させることである。
O(酸素)は、金属材料を溶製する際に原料などから混入してくる不純物元素である。O(酸素)の含有量が0.02%を超えると、金属材料中に酸化物系介在物が多量存在し、加工性が低下するほか、金属材料表面の疵の原因になる。したがって、O(酸素)の上限を0.02%とする。
第1グループ:質量%で、Co:10%以下、
第2グループ:質量%で、Mo:2.5%以下及びW:5%以下、
第3グループ:質量%で、B:0.1%以下、V:0.5%以下、Zr:0.1%以下、Nb:2%以下及びHf:0.5%以下、
第4グループ:質量%で、Mg:0.1%以下及びCa:0.1%以下、
第5グループ:質量%で、Y:0.15%以下、La:0.15%以下、Ce:0.15%以下及びNd:0.15%以下。
Coは、オーステナイト相を安定にする作用を有するため、Ni成分の一部を置換することができるので、必要に応じて含有させてもよい。ただし、含有量が10%を超えると熱間加工性を低下させるので、Coを含有させる場合は、その含有量は10%以下とする。熱間加工性の観点から、好ましい範囲は0.01~5%であり、より好ましい範囲は0.01~3%である。
Mo及びWは、いずれも固溶強化元素であるため、いずれか一方又は両方を必要に応じて含有させてもよい。ただし、Moを含有させる場合には、その含有量が2.5%を超えると加工性を低下させるとともに組織安定性を阻害するので、Moを含有させる場合は、その含有量は2.5%以下とする。Mo含有量は、好ましくは0.01~2.3%である。また、Wを含有させる場合には、その含有量が5%を超えると加工性を低下させるとともに組織安定性を阻害するので、Wを含有させる場合は、その含有量は5%以下とする。W含有量は、好ましくは0.01~2.3%である。
B、V、Zr、Nb及びHfは、いずれも高温強度特性を改善するのに有効な元素であるため、これらのうちの1種又は2種以上を必要に応じて含有させてもよい。ただし、Bを含有させる場合には、その含有量が0.1%を超えると溶接性を低下させるので、Bを含有させる場合は、その含有量は0.1%以下とする。B含有量は、好ましくは0.001~0.05%である。Vを含有させる場合は、その含有量が0.5%を超えると溶接性を低下させるので、Vを含有させる場合は、その含有量は0.5%以下とする。V含有量は、好ましくは0.001~0.1%である。Zrを含有させる場合には、その含有量が0.1%を超えると溶接性を低下させるので、Zrを含有させる場合は、その含有量は0.1%以下とする。Zr含有量は、好ましくは0.001~0.05%である。Nbを含有させる場合には、その含有量が2%を超えると溶接性を低下させるので、Nbを含有させる場合は、その含有量は2%以下とする。Nb含有量は、好ましくは0.001~0.1%である。また、Hfを含有させる場合には、その含有量が0.5%を超えると溶接性を低下させるので、Hfを含有させる場合は、その含有量は0.5%以下とする。Hf含有量は、好ましくは0.001~0.1%である。
Mg及びCaは、いずれも熱間加工性を向上させる作用を有するため、これらのうちの1種又は2種以上を必要に応じて含有させてもよい。ただし、Mgを含有させる場合には、その含有量が0.1%を超えると溶接性を低下させるので、Mgを含有させる場合は、その含有量は0.1%以下とする。Mg含有量は、好ましくは0.0005~0.1%である。また、Caを含有させる場合には、その含有量が0.1%を超えると溶接性を低下させるので、Caを含有させる場合は、その含有量は0.1%以下とする。Ca含有量は、好ましくは0.0005~0.1%である。
Y、La、Ce及びNdは、いずれも耐酸化性を向上させる作用を有するため、これらのうちの1種又は2種以上を必要に応じて含有させてもよい。ただし、これらの元素を含有させる場合には、それぞれ、その含有量が0.15%を超えると加工性を低下させるので、含有させる場合は、その含有量は0.15%以下とする。好ましくは0.0005~0.15%である。
Claims (3)
- 質量%で、C:0.08~0.4%、Si:0.6~2.0%、Mn:0.05~2.5%、P:0.04%以下、S:0.015%以下、Cr:22~30%、Ni:20%以上30%未満、Cu:0.5~10.0%、Al:0.01~1%、Ti:0.01~1%、N:0.15%以下、O(酸素):0.02%以下を含有し、残部はFe及び不純物からなり、かつ下記(1)式を満足することを特徴とする耐浸炭性金属材料。
C≧0.062×Si+0.033×Cu-0.004×Cr+0.043・・・(1)
ここで、(1)式中の元素記号は、その元素の質量%での含有量を表す。 - 質量%で、C:0.08~0.4%、Si:0.6~2.0%、Mn:0.05~2.5%、P:0.04%以下、S:0.015%以下、Cr:18~30%、Ni:20%以上30%未満、Cu:0.5~10.0%、Al:0.01~1%、Ti:0.01~1%、N:0.15%以下、O(酸素):0.02%以下を含有し、残部はFe及び不純物からなり、かつ下記(1)式を満足することを特徴とする耐浸炭性金属材料。
C≧0.062×Si+0.033×Cu-0.004×Cr+0.043・・・(1)
ここで、(1)式中の元素記号は、その元素の質量%での含有量を表す。 - 次に示す第1グループから第5グループまでのうちの少なくとも1つのグループの中から選択される成分のうちの少なくとも1種をさらに含有することを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の耐浸炭性金属材料。
第1グループ:質量%で、Co:10%以下、
第2グループ:質量%で、Mo:2.5%以下及びW:5%以下、
第3グループ:質量%で、B:0.1%以下、V:0.5%以下、Zr:0.1%以下、Nb:2%以下及びHf:0.5%以下、
第4グループ:質量%で、Mg:0.1%以下及びCa:0.1%以下、
第5グループ:質量%で、Y:0.15%以下、La:0.15%以下、Ce:0.15%以下及びNd:0.15%以下。
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WO2012176586A1 (ja) | 2011-06-24 | 2012-12-27 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 耐浸炭性金属材料 |
JP5177330B1 (ja) * | 2011-06-24 | 2013-04-03 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 耐浸炭性金属材料 |
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WO2015129631A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-09-03 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 溶接継手 |
JPWO2015129631A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-26 | 2017-03-30 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 溶接継手 |
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JP2017014576A (ja) * | 2015-07-01 | 2017-01-19 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | オーステナイト系耐熱合金及び溶接構造物 |
Also Published As
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CA2711415A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
JPWO2009107585A1 (ja) | 2011-06-30 |
CN101946016A (zh) | 2011-01-12 |
CN101946016B (zh) | 2012-10-31 |
EP2246454B1 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
EP2246454A4 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
DK2246454T3 (en) | 2015-10-05 |
ES2545488T3 (es) | 2015-09-11 |
KR20100092498A (ko) | 2010-08-20 |
CA2711415C (en) | 2012-10-30 |
EP2246454A1 (en) | 2010-11-03 |
JP4329883B1 (ja) | 2009-09-09 |
US20100034690A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
KR101210113B1 (ko) | 2012-12-07 |
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