WO2009101203A1

WO2009101203A1 - Composite structure for modular construction

Info

Publication number: WO2009101203A1
Application number: PCT/EP2009/051800
Authority: WO
Inventors: Patrick Van Horenbeeck
Original assignee: Patrick Van Horenbeeck
Priority date: 2008-02-14
Filing date: 2009-02-16
Publication date: 2009-08-20
Also published as: EA016598B1; CA2713657A1; EA201001294A1; EP2260155A1; BE1017998A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a modular construction system for making walls (2) that comprises composite construction members (3) to be arranged substantially side by side in the horizontal direction and side by side in the vertical direction. Each member includes two outer and inner vertical surfaces (4, 6) that are parallel to each other. The walls of each member are separated by perpendicular struts (8) and define, together with the latter, cells (10) which are to be filled e.g. with a thermal or acoustic insulating material. The invention also relates to another modular construction system for making walls that comprises composite construction members including a single glue-laminated structure and at least three strut-free layers.

Description

Composite structure of modular construction

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a modular construction system for the production of walls comprising composite construction elements intended to be arranged substantially horizontally next to one another and substantially vertically adjacent to one another. Each element comprises two outer and inner longitudinal walls parallel to one another. The walls of each element are separated by perpendicular spacers and form with the latter cavities or cavities for filling with for example thermal and / or acoustic insulation.

The invention also relates to another modular construction system for the production of walls comprising composite construction elements consisting of a single wall without spacer.

The invention also relates to any type of wall comprising at least one part made of glulam. It can be residential walls such as external walls, load-bearing walls, internal partitions. The invention can also be used for the construction of ponds, saunas, noise barriers, etc. Introduction

For reasons of ecological, economic but also aesthetic, the housing market of the house is moving in recent years more and more to wooden houses.

In addition, the construction market is also demanding more and more insulated houses in order to reduce their energy consumption.

The user of such constructions wishes to live there comfortably and in healthy and economic conditions. In addition, he seeks to reduce construction costs by assembling his own home from prefabricated modular elements. Moreover, he wants to be able to plan the assembly of the technical installations (electricity, heating, water, etc.) independently of the realization of the structural work. Moreover, this assembly must be able to be done in an orderly manner.

In order to meet this demand, we seek to provide a modular construction to ensure from economic and light elements:

- excellent thermal and / or acoustic insulation whatever the environment,

- a simple, fast and easy assembly within the reach of a non-specialist,

- an unbeatable stability of the building, especially in terms of settlement, - an effective protection of the building against rainwater and against moisture input from inside the building,

- the integration of technical ducts in the elements. State of the art

Such modular constructions are known, for example, that disclosed in patent application US 2007/0028558 A1. There is described a system comprising modular wooden structural elements each consisting of two superimposed blocks attached to thinner and longer side elements than the blocks, these lateral elements being inserted between two wall-forming elements. The blocks also have in their center vertical perforations allowing the insertion of a securing rod through different superimposed structural elements. The rods make it possible to clamp together the modular structural elements stacked one above the other on the height of the wall. The modular structural elements are juxtaposed by being bonded by mortise and tenon. The space between the wall elements is able to receive a filling element and / or technical installations. Such a construction system uses complex structural elements comprising many parts, which does not imply either economic prefabrication or quick and efficient simple assembly of the modules. In addition the walls seem too thin to guarantee a foolproof stability. In addition, the system does not particularly protect the construction against moisture and settlement. In addition, sleeves are not planned.

It should also be noted that under the pressure of the securing rods which maintain between them the modular structural elements of the same stack, these elements are deformed in their center; this causes a deformation of the wall which then does not have a rectilinear support surface.

Finally, this system does not guarantee the tightness of the construction. The walls are less watertight as the modular structural elements are deformed under the pressure of the rods.

EP 0 744 507 B1 also relates to blocks for modular construction. These blocks fit into each other longitudinally and vertically. They also have in their upper part cruciform central projections adapted to fit into corresponding recesses of the adjacent superimposed block, which gives them good resistance to transverse forces. Intermediate voids may be filled with insulation and / or occupied by technical installations.

The construction of these blocks remains complex and requires a lot of wood. In addition, empty spaces for insulation and technical installations are very small. In addition, it should be noted that there are no vertical securing rods and sealing devices.

EP 0 894 170 B1 is an improvement of the previous invention in the sense of a simpler building block but less robust and allowing the insertion of a larger amount of insulation. Indeed, the blocks comprise spacers perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the block and sufficiently spaced to form between them large cavities. On the other hand, the spacers of adjacent superposed blocks are joined together only by low section projections providing less resistance to transverse forces.

These blocks therefore have a low shear strength and a risk of tilting relative to the underlying struts. In addition, the system in question does not provide any airtightness device.

Patent EP 1 511 906 B1 relates to wooden building elements having a similar appearance to the previous case but supposed to meet higher requirements in particular in terms of stability, thermal insulation, insulation against humidity and weather resistance. For this purpose, mechanically, the spacers of each modular element are bonded to the longitudinal walls by dovetail. In addition, the spacers of adjacent superposed modular elements are secured in pairs by a metal part applied to one of their lateral faces. These measures increase the resistance of the elements to transverse and longitudinal thrust forces. In terms of protection of insulation and wood against humidity, a vapor barrier is inserted into the inner wall of the modular element to prevent the diffusion of moisture from the insulation. inside the hollow spaces between the spacers, on the other hand devices are inserted into the outer wall to promote the evacuation of moisture to the outside. These measures therefore prevent the accumulation of moisture in the insulation and thus protect the modular element against its microbiological or chemical decomposition and against the swelling of wood. In terms of protection against the weather, joints are placed between the walls of adjacent modular elements.

The metal parts in question have the disadvantage of forming thermal bridges. The lack of space to place the technical installations separately from the insulation is also disadvantageous. Lastly, there are no measures taken against the settlement of the building.

The patent application WO 2007/068267 A1 is an improvement of the above patent in the sense that a separate space of the insulation is reserved for technical installations. This measure makes it possible to plan the assembly of the technical installations independently of the realization of the structural work.

A first drawback is that this space is obtained at the expense of insulation. The space in question also requires the development of partition walls which must if necessary be reinforced to withstand the pressure of the loose insulation. Then, the assembly of the technical installations may be disordered because they can not be separated by means of individual technical sheaths.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a modular construction system does not have the disadvantages of the state of the art mentioned above and meets the requirements of the market. An object of the invention is a modular building system for producing walls comprising composite elements of modular construction. These elements are intended to be arranged substantially horizontally next to each other and substantially vertically next to each other. Each of them includes:

two inner and outer longitudinal walls parallel to one another, at least the inner wall of which consists of multiple layers and having at their horizontal and vertical ends connecting means,

spacers separating these two walls and perpendicular to them, arranged at intervals, connected to the walls and forming with the latter hollow spaces for filling,

- a space reserved for technical installations, At least their inner wall consists of a laminated structure glued in at least three layers. The glulam consists in particular of slats of wood first dried, sorted and planed, then glued together under high pressure. This method gives the laminated structural elements of the system according to the invention multiple advantages such as that of lightness, high mechanical strength, high dimensional stability, very good resistance to temperature variations and humidity, low thermal conductivity and good acoustic qualities. The glulam mentioned in the invention comprises a load-bearing intermediate layer having a high compressive strength (and therefore a compressive strength) and a high dimensional stability with respect to moisture. This avoids, for example, subsidence in the structure resulting in jamming of doors or windows.

The aforementioned filling can have several functions (thermal and / or acoustic insulation, mechanical reinforcement etc.) or possibly contain only air. It can also be mixed; that is, containing several substances with different functions.

Advantageously, the various adjacent elements are bonded to each other by the interposition of seals.

In the modular building system according to the invention the composite element of modular construction can be a block or a panel of variable height, width and length. The length of the elements can reach up to 18 m. The width of the element (which constitutes the thickness of the wall) can be chosen as a function of the desired insulating effect, that is to say of the heat transfer coefficient "k".

In the modular construction system according to the invention, it is preferable that the outer layer of the outer wall of a composite member has on its underside a drip-groove and the outer layer of the outer wall of the underlying element has on its upper face a chamfer (water rejection). These two devices cooperate to evacuate rainwater by runoff.

Advantageously, the spacers of the composite elements have the same structure that at least the wall and occupy substantially the entire cross section of the hollow space of these elements. This measure increases the stability of the elements.

In the construction system according to the invention, the layers located on either side of the intermediate layer of the spacers preferably have horizontally oriented fibers while the intermediate layer has vertically oriented fibers. This combination of cross-fiber layers has proved to be particularly stable during testing. The horizontal fiber layers may consist of wood species or agglomerates or other materials (composites, recycled, cellular concrete, etc.), which may be identical or different.

In the modular construction system according to the invention, the spacers of vertically adjacent composite elements are preferably aligned relative to each other and bonded together by tenon and mortise.

In the modular construction system according to the invention, the spacers of the various composite elements are advantageously bonded to the walls by dovetails. This interlocking mode of connection makes it possible to more securely secure the inner and outer walls of one and the same element, particularly in the case of horizontal traction on the element.

In the modular building system according to the invention the longitudinal outer and inner walls of elements horizontally or vertically adjacent are preferably bonded to each other by tenon and mortise or groove and tongue.

In the construction system according to the invention, the outer and inner longitudinal walls of adjacent elements are advantageously connected to one another horizontally by dovetails. This connection mode is particularly safe especially in case of horizontal traction on an assembly of juxtaposed composite elements. The dovetail connection is advantageously effected by means of butterflies, the butterflies of the outer wall being shifted outwards, which prevents a return of water towards the inside of the elements and therefore, if appropriate, humidification of wood and insulation.

In the construction system according to the invention, the inner and outer layers of the outer wall and the inner wall of the elements advantageously consist of wood species or agglomerates or other materials (composites, recycled, cellular concrete). etc.) any identical or different. This allows a great flexibility of use.

Advantageously, the inner and outer layers of each wall have horizontally oriented fibers while the intermediate layer has vertically oriented fibers. This combination of cross-fiber layers has proved to be particularly stable during testing. The horizontal fiber layers may consist of wood species, agglomerates or other materials (composites, recycled, cellular concrete, etc.), which may be identical or different.

In the construction system according to the invention, the intermediate wall-carrying layer which resists compacting and has a high dimensional stability with respect to moisture is advantageously OSB, Oriented Strand Board abbreviated or other agglomerated wood or material having the same mechanical characteristics and the same hygrometric stability. OSB is, as its name suggests, a thin, long, oriented panel of wood slats. These are glued and then divided into several layers, oriented differently to optimize the strength and stability of the panel. The slats mat is then fired at high temperatures and pressures. This process results in characteristics such as high mechanical strength, high dimensional stability and material density.

In particular, the superimposed row elements are staggered so that their spacers align vertically with each other and thus form cells. The outer and inner walls of an element each comprise at least two first passages parallel to each other adapted to receive fastening rods which are fixed in the corresponding second passages of the two underlying elements. Each spacer advantageously comprises at least one passage adapted to receive a rod for securing with a spacer of an underlying element. This at least one passage of a spacer of the same element is advantageously arranged in a staggered manner relative to that of the next spacer so as to allow the rod to be fixed in the corresponding passage of the underlying spacer.

In particular, the passages for the securing rods are formed in the inner layer of the outer wall and through the interface between the intermediate layer and the inner layer of the inner wall of the elements.

In order to guarantee that the spacers of the same element are correctly mounted, they are advantageously bonded to the walls in a non-reversible manner: the walls have grooves of two different depths on either side of the spacers and which alternate with one another. spacer to each other along the same wall. The spacers have corresponding projections of different length depending on the proximity or not of the passages for securing rods.

The inner wall of the elements may comprise vertical passages forming ducts. These have the advantage of allowing a compartmentalized mounting and thus ordered technical facilities.

Advantageously, the passages for the ducts are made in the intermediate layer carrying the inner wall of the elements. Thus, the ducts do not encroach on the hollow space to be filled for example with insulation. In the construction system according to the invention, the spacers of the elements advantageously have an adjustable length. In this way a coefficient "k" can be selected by simply adjusting the length of the spacer, which avoids having a stock of spacers of different lengths.

In a first embodiment, the adjustable spacers each comprise on either side of the element two fixed supports to be implanted in each wall, in the center of which can slide a pre-drilled element element, connecting pins blocking the element. pre-drilled holes in the supports at the desired spacing.

In a second embodiment, the adjustable spacers each comprise, on either side of the element, a fixed support to be implanted in each wall, and a mobile articulated central element. It can be extended or contracted to obtain the desired spacing and then block it by tightening the hinges.

In a third embodiment, the adjustable spacers each comprise a threaded rod provided with nuts and locknuts, which is movable between two threaded bushes each attached to a wall.

In the construction system according to the invention, the inner wall of the composite elements is advantageously covered on its outer side with a fourth layer acting as a vapor barrier or a vapor barrier. By placing the vapor barrier or vapor barrier in this place, one can better ensure its continuity. Thus, the insulation contained in the hollow space will be sufficiently protected from the diffusion and therefore the condensation of moisture from the interior of the house to maintain its thermal properties.

In the construction system according to the invention, the cavities or cavities between the walls and the spacers of the composite elements are advantageously occupied by a thermal or acoustic insulation comprising foam, cellular concrete elements or argex etc., or by concrete or by a combination (consisting of several materials with different functions).

Another object of the invention is a wall, at least a part of which is made using the system according to the invention described above.

It is also an object of the invention another modular construction system for producing walls comprising composite elements of modular construction intended to be arranged substantially horizontally next to one another and substantially vertically next to one another. Each element consists of a laminated structure glued in at least three layers, the intermediate layer which is bearing has a high compressive strength and a high dimensional stability with respect to moisture. The layers adjacent to the intermediate layer may consist of wood essences, agglomerates or other materials (composites, recycled, cellular concrete, etc.), which may be identical or different. This construction system finds applications for example for the construction of garden houses, facing walls to lean against an existing wall, partition walls etc.

Advantageously, the elements of the second building system according to the invention comprise vertical passages forming ducts. These are similar to those of the first building system.

Another object of the invention is a wall, at least a part of which is made using the second building system according to the invention.

Brief description of the figures

These and other aspects of the invention will be clarified in the detailed description of particular embodiments of the invention, with reference to the drawings of the figures, in which:

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a wall in progress made with the aid of the construction system according to the invention;

Fig.2 shows a perspective view of a composite member;

Fig.3 shows a cross section of two superposed elements provided on their outer wall with a drip

Fig.3A shows a detail of Fig.3

Fig.4 shows a plan view of a composite element Fig.5 shows an exploded view of a non-reversible spacer assembly Fig.6 shows an element provided with its securing rods

The figures are not drawn to scale. Generally, similar elements are denoted by similar references in the figures.

Detailed description of particular embodiments

Fig. 1 shows a wall 2 made with the construction system according to the invention.

The wall 2 comprises elements 3 of laminated wood construction arranged next to each other and one above the other staggered. The elements 3 each comprise an outer wall 4 and an inner wall 6 bonded by two perpendicular spacers 8. The spacers align vertically and form with the outer walls 4 and inner 3 cells 10.

Each of the walls 4 and 6 and spacers 8 is composed of a sandwich comprising at least a first layer (14A, 14B, 14C) an intermediate layer (16A, 16B, 16C) and a third layer (18A, 18B, 18C) .

The walls 4 and 6 are horizontally joined together by dovetails and vertically by tongue and groove (see Fig. 3). The spacers 8 are assembled to each other horizontally by dovetails and vertically by groove and tongue. In FIG. 2 is shown an individual composite element 3.

In FIG. 3 are shown two elements 3 superimposed. A groove 12 serving as a drip trap is arranged at the bottom of the outer layer 14A of the outer wall 4 of the upper element and cooperates with a chamfer 13 located on the layer 14A of the lower element, to evacuate the water rain. The butterflies 15A of the intermediate layer 16A are shifted outwardly to prevent rainwater from entering the outer wall 4.

Fig. 3A shows a detail of Fig.3. A partial overlap of the chamfer 13 by the layer 14A of the upper element 3 forms a baffle 11 preventing the penetration of water brought by the wind if necessary.

In FIG. 4 (which is a plan view of the element 3), it is possible to distinguish the first two passages 22A / 22B for rods 24 (not shown) made in each wall 4 and 6. On the entire surface of the outer layer 14B of the inner wall 6 is applied a sealing layer 28 acting as a vapor barrier or vapor barrier protecting the filling material (for example thermal insulation) contained in the cells 10, the diffusion of humidity. In position 26 are located cylindrical passages forming the ducts which are arranged not shown in the intermediate layer 16B near the inner surface of the wall 2. Fig. 5 is an exploded view of the element 3 which illustrates the principle of the non-reversible assembly of the spacers 8 to the walls 4 and 6. The protrusions 32A / grooves 30A are obviously longer than the projections 32B / grooves 30B so that incorrect assembly of the spacers 8 would be immediately visible.

Fig. 6 shows the first passages 22A, 22B and 23 of the rods in which they will be slid to then fix them in second passages (not shown) extending the first in the underlying elements. The successive rows of elements 3 are thus connected by two. This measure limits the deformation of the elements due to the pressure and thus guarantees a better seal.

The construction system according to the invention also allows to obtain directly after mounting the finished walls internally and externally.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the examples illustrated and described above. The invention comprises each of the novel features as well as their combination. The presence of reference numbers can not be considered as limiting. The use of the term "includes" in no way excludes the presence of other elements other than those mentioned. The use of the definite article "a" to introduce an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of these elements. The present invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments, which are of value purely illustrative and should not be considered as limiting.

Claims

A modular building system for producing walls (2) comprising composite elements of modular construction (3) for being arranged substantially horizontally next to one another and substantially vertically adjacent each other, each element comprising: two outer and inner longitudinal walls (4,6) parallel to each other each consisting of multiple layers and having at their horizontal and vertical ends connecting means,

- spacers (8) separating these two walls (4,6) and perpendicular to them, arranged at intervals, connected to the walls and forming therewith hollow spaces (10) for filling,

- a space reserved for technical installations, characterized in that: - at least the inner wall (6) consists of a laminated-glued structure in at least three layers (14B, 16B, 18B), the intermediate layer (16B ) which is load bearing has a high compressive strength and high dimensional stability with respect to moisture.

2. Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite element of modular construction (3) is a block or a panel of height, width and length variables.

3. Construction system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the elements

(3) adjacent are bonded together by the interposition of gaskets.

4. Construction system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer layer (14A) of the outer wall

(4) a composite element (3) has on its underside a groove (12) forming a drip, in that the outer layer (14A) of the outer wall (4) of the underlying element ( 3) has on its upper face a chamfer (13), these two devices cooperating to evacuate the rainwater from the wall (4) by runoff.

5. Construction system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacers (8) have the same structure as the outer and inner walls (4,6) and occupy substantially the entire cross section of the hollow space (10) elements (3).

6. Construction system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the wood layers (14C, 18C) located on either side of the intermediate layer (16C) spacers (8) have horizontally oriented fibers while the layer intermediate (16C) has vertically oriented fibers.

7. Construction system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacers (8) of elements (3) vertically adjacent are aligned with each other and are bonded together by tenon and mortise.

8. Construction system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the spacers (8) of the composite elements (3) are bonded to the walls (4,6) non-reversibly by dovetails .

9. Construction system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer and inner walls (4,6) of elements (3) horizontally or vertically adjacent are bonded to each other by tenon and mortise or by groove and tongue.

10. Construction system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the outer and / or inner walls (4,6) of elements (3) horizontally adjacent are bonded to each other by shank. swallow.

11. Building system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the dovetail joint is effected by means of butterflies (15A, 15B), the butterflies (15A) of the outer wall (4) being offset outwardly to prevent backflow of water into the elements (3).

12. Construction system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer and inner layers (14A, 18A, 14B, 18B) of the outer wall (4) or inner (6) of the elements (3) consist of wood species or agglomerates or any other materials the same or different.

13. Construction system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer and inner layers

(14A, 18A, 14B, 18B) of each wall (4,6) have horizontally oriented fibers while the intermediate layer (16A, 16B) has vertically oriented fibers.

14. Construction system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the intermediate layer (16A, 16B) of the outer and inner walls (4,6) is OSB or other agglomerated wood or other material having the same mechanical characteristics and the same hygrometric stability.

15. Construction system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elements (3) of at least two superposed rows are staggered so that their spacers (8) are aligned with each other. others and thus form cells (10).

16. Construction system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the outer and inner walls (4,6) of the elements (3) of the upper row each comprise at least two passages (22A, 22B) adapted to receive rods of fastening (24) with the corresponding walls (4,6) elements (3) of the lower row and in that the spacers (8) of the elements (3) of the upper row each comprise at least one passage (23) adapted to receive a securing rod (24) with a spacer ( 8) of an element (3) of the lower row, said at least one passage (23) of a spacer (8) of the same element (3) being arranged offset from that of the spacer (8) next.

17. Construction system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the passages (22A, 22B) are formed in the inner layer (18A) of the outer wall (4) and in the outer layer (18B) of the inner wall ( 6) elements (3).

18. Construction system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner wall (6) of the elements (3) comprises vertical passages (26) forming ducts.

19. Construction system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the passages (26) forming ducts are formed in the intermediate layer (16B) of the inner wall (6) of the elements (3).

20. Construction system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spacers (8) of the elements (3) have an adjustable length and each comprise on both sides of the element two fixed supports implanted in each wall (4,6), in the center of which can slide a element with pre-drilled holes, connecting dowels blocking the element with pre-drilled holes in the supports at the desired spacing.

21. Construction system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spacers (8) of the elements (3) have an adjustable length and each comprise on either side of the element (3). a fixed support implanted in each wall (4, 6), and a mobile articulated central part.

22. Construction system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spacers (8) of the elements (3) have an adjustable length and each comprise a threaded rod provided with nuts and against-nuts, which is movable between two threaded bushes each fixed to a wall (4,6).

23. Construction system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner wall (6) of the composite elements (3) is covered on its outer side with a fourth layer (28) acting as a vapor barrier. or vapor retarder and extending over the entire outer surface of the inner wall (6).

24. Construction system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cells (10) between walls (4,6) and spacers (8) of the elements (3) are filled with thermal insulation and / or acoustic comprising foam, cellular concrete elements or argex.

25. Building system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cells (10) between walls (4,6) and spacers (8) of the elements (3) are filled with concrete or a mixture.

Wall, characterized in that at least a part of the wall (2) is produced by means of the system according to any one of the preceding claims.

27. Modular construction system for the production of walls comprising composite elements of modular construction intended to be arranged substantially horizontally next to one another and substantially vertically adjacent to one another, characterized in that each element consists of a only laminated-bonded structure in at least three layers whose intermediate layer which is bearing has a high compressive strength and a high dimensional stability with respect to moisture.

28. Building system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the 1 'elements comprise vertical passages forming ducts.

Wall, characterized in that at least part of the wall is made using the system according to claim 26 or 27.