EP0744507B1 - Building module for erecting plane constructions, especially walls - Google Patents

Abstract

The module (1,2) comprises two parallel plates (10) connected together by several spaced parallel intermediate elements (20,21;42,43), which have on one end side projections, protruding over the plates, so that when placed with a further module the projections project into the hollow cavities of the other module, and form a push-fit connection acting with force- locking engagement. The intermediate elements are arranged vertically across the longitudinal direction of the rectangular plates. The intermediate elements are rod-shaped and are fixed each side to a middle plate (11) set between the plates. The rod elements have a rectangular cross-section.

Description

The invention relates to a building module for the creation flat constructions, especially walls according to the Preamble of claim 1.

From US-3,818,656 is a self-aligning and Building module that can be fixed without mortar. The top each construction module has a series of prominent protrusions, the in appropriately trained depressions on the Fit underside of the building module to be carried if the building modules are stacked and in the usual way staggered.

A one-piece building module, its alignment in one construction from these building modules with the help of connections in the manner of tongue and groove is facilitated in WO 85/02216. Adhesion and fixation of the individual building modules with each other are finally included Mortar or other suitable fastener reached.

Also in one piece but without mortar or similar. Lanyard the construction module disclosed in EP-0 383 693 can be used. The in a construction constructed from these building modules visible surfaces are covered by flat side elements Building modules formed. Easy alignment of the individual Building modules within such a construction are made by interlocking steps on the narrow sides of the flat side elements are arranged, guaranteed. Vertical forces are absorbed by core elements, which connect the side elements with each other and tower over them.

From EP-PS 0 214 088 it is known to create a floor or a wall several cavities Wooden components to be lined up, the connecting surfaces for positive connection of neighboring Wooden components are groove and / or comb-shaped. These are massive wooden building elements, one Have a length of up to a few meters.

For the positive connection of these wooden components additional cross-connection means used. It will several wooden building elements by several, the wooden building elements penetrating, inserted or glued in Profiles made of wood, metal or plastic joined together.

The present invention is based on the object handy, stable and torsionally rigid construction module create a simple construction and a simple conversion with diverse design options enables.

This object is achieved by the Features specified in claim 1 solved.

The construction modules according to the invention enable a simple one Creation of load-bearing and space-lockable construction nen, especially of walls, where no additional Lanyards required to absorb lateral forces are.

An embodiment of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

Fig. 1

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Baumoduls in perspektivischer Darstellung von oben gesehen;

Fig. 2

das Baumodul nach Fig. 1 in perspektivischer Darstellung von unten gesehen;

Fig. 3

einen horizontalen Querschnitt des Baumoduls nach Fig. 1;

Fig. 4

einen Schnitt nach Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

einen Schnitt nach Linie V-V in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines aus Baumodulen nach Fig. 1 zusammengesetzten Bausystems in perspektivischer Darstellung;

Fig. 7

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Baumoduls im horizontalen Querschnitt;

Fig. 8

einen Schnitt nach Linie VIII-VIII in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9

einen Schnitt nach Linie IX-IX in Fig. 8.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a first embodiment of a building module seen in perspective from above;

Fig. 2

the building module of Figure 1 seen in perspective from below.

Fig. 3

a horizontal cross section of the building module of FIG. 1;

Fig. 4

a section along line IV-IV in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

a section along line VV in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6

an embodiment of a building system composed of building modules of Figure 1 in a perspective view.

Fig. 7

a second embodiment of a building module in horizontal cross section;

Fig. 8

a section along line VIII-VIII in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9

a section along line IX-IX in Fig. 8.

1 to 5 has a construction module 1 for the production one wall two each forming a surface of the wall, parallel, rectangular plates 10. It can happen around wooden panels, board sections, panels made of wood-based products or, if necessary, by one of the plates Act plasterboard. They are also different types Composite cross-sectional materials conceivable. Between the plates 10 is a medium one, preferably made of wood manufactured plate 11 arranged.

The middle plate 11 is above with several, if necessary provided four projections 12, the height of which Protruding plates 10; the upper plate parts in between are denoted by 13 (Fig. 1 and 4). How special 4, the projections 12 point laterally slightly inclined inclined surfaces 14.

On the lower side of the middle plate 11 are the projections 12 opposite opposing depressions 17 prepared; the lower plate parts in between are designated 18 (Fig. 2 and 4).

On both sides of the middle plate 11 are regular Distances from each other several rod-shaped Intermediate elements 20, 21 square cross-section vertically arranged. The intermediate elements 20 made of wood, 21 are with the middle plate 11 and with the plates 10 connected by adhesive. The connection can also by means of generally known mechanical connecting means be made. As can be seen from Fig. 4, they are each other in a series of intermediate elements 20, 21 alternately vertically offset, such that the intermediate elements 20 each between the upper Projections 12 and the lower recesses 17 of the middle Plate 11 extend, the intermediate elements 21, however between the upper plate parts 13 and the lower Plate parts 18 are arranged.

In the illustrated embodiment, the end faces are of the building module 1 closed by intermediate elements 33, the shape and arrangement of the intermediate elements 21 correspond, but in the longitudinal direction of the building module 1 are only half as wide, then with an adjacent building module 1 to form a whole. However, this could End faces also be open.

Between the rod-shaped intermediate elements 20, 21 and 33 continuous vertical cavities 35 are present.

The upper protrusions 12 and the lower recesses 17th are the same length as the distance between the two Plates 10.

In the given case, the bar width of the intermediate elements is the same 20, 21 the thickness of the plates 10 and 11.

In this way, the building module 1 with several, if necessary four through the projections 12 and the intermediate elements 20 formed, cross-shaped structures equipped, which over the upper edge of the plates 10 protrude. Similar to the projections 12 also have the Intermediate elements 20 in this area on that of the middle Plate 11 facing away from slightly inclined inclined surfaces 15 on (Fig. 5). The lower side of the building module 1 is designed opposite, so that when putting on a further construction module 1 each the cruciform structure of the lower module 1 fits into the through the wells 17 and parts 18 of the middle plate 11, by intermediate elements 20 and formed by inner walls of the plates 10 Bottom side structure of the upper building module 1 used can be. The lower plate parts 18 of the protrude attached construction module 1 in the recesses 13 of the lower Building module 1, the intermediate elements 21 of both building modules 1 also come to the plant and take over one substantial proportion of the vertical forces. In preferred Way take over the intermediate elements 21 and the middle Plate 11 most of these forces. Through this Design is a plug-in connection for vertical joining stacked building modules 1 realized that too Forces in both horizontal directions, i.e. as well in the longitudinal direction of the building module 1, as well as in its transverse direction records. The inclined surfaces 14, 15 facilitate this Put together.

Both plates 10 have a positive connection stacked building modules 1 below each one Longitudinal groove 25 and a longitudinal ridge 27 on top. Face the plates 10 are also on one side a groove 29, on the other side provided with a comb 31 for positive connection of neighboring, in series building modules 1 arranged one behind the other; in the illustrated Embodiment is the front plate 10 on the left with Groove 29, on the right with the comb 31, the rear Plate 10 reversely has the comb 31 on the left, the groove on the right 29 so that it is also reversed by 180 ° in the horizontal plane Building module 1 laterally the same groove and comb shape having. This preferred embodiment could of course be by another known groove-comb combination be replaced; it would also be conceivable to work together adjoining surfaces only with grooves and additional connecting elements in these mutually opposite grooves how to use feathers.

The construction module according to the invention is one of Hand-held component. Preferably a length of 20 to 100 cm, width from 6 to 25 cm and height from 10 to 30 cm provided. It is advantageous if the ratio the length to the width is an integer and for example is between 2 and 8, preferably 4, as in the Drawing shown. In the illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5 Embodiment can the building modules 1 directly on the front lined up side by side and vertically on top of each other be inserted, whereby they are also rotated horizontally by 180 ° could be. But you can also benefit from stacking in the longitudinal direction by one Quarters, a half or three quarters of their length are offset against each other, creating a non-positive Connection of the adjacent building modules in the longitudinal direction 1 is guaranteed. 6 is an example of such Construction system shown, in which the building modules 1 in two rows are arranged one on top of the other, the building modules 1 of the second row opposite the building modules 1 of the first row each by half their length in the Are offset longitudinally. The bottom row is in one on a base beam 5, not shown in detail attached (preferably with one for the bottom suitable plug-in profile can be provided); the top row of the building system would then be a deck beam assigned, but this is not shown in FIG. 6.

With the construction modules 1 according to the invention, a simple one can also be used and optimal connection of corners and partition connections will be realized. The wooden components 1 can can also be placed or placed crosswise (at most a simple comb removal must be carried out become). Edges can also be made using simple tools be removed from cross-shaped structures to interlock of building modules of walls that any Include angle, to enable.

Another embodiment of a building module 2 is shown in FIG. 7 to 9. The identical and equivalent Parts have the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 referred to 6.

Between the two that form the surfaces of a wall Plates 10, in turn, a middle plate 40 is arranged, which, however, has a straight surface 41 above and also below has a straight surface. On either side of the middle Plate 40 are again several rod-shaped intermediate elements 42, 43 arranged vertically, which has a rectangular cross section exhibit. Actually, they are all Intermediate elements 42, 43 around identical parts; they point above each one over half of its bar width (seen in the longitudinal direction of the building module 2) extending Projection 44 or 45, with which the height of the Tower over plates 10. The second half is through one upper surface 47 formed. The intermediate elements 43 are, however rotated by 180 ° compared to the intermediate elements 42 in the space between the middle plate 40 and the respective plate 10 inserted so that the intermediate elements 42 each have a left projection 44 (in FIG. 7), the intermediate elements 43 have a right projection 45 have. As can be seen from FIGS. 8 and 9, the projections 44 and 45 are light on all sides inclined inclined surfaces 46 provided.

The opposite intermediate elements 42, 43 are in the The longitudinal direction of the building module 2 is alternately arranged. there lie with the projection 45, 44 facing each other Intermediate elements 43, 42 each in one of the bar widths same distance. The facing each other with the surfaces 47 Intermediate elements 42, 43 are twice as good great distance.

In the rear plate 10 shown in FIG. 8 assigned rear row is in the middle with the facing projections 45, 44 provided intermediate element pair. In the front row is in the middle with the upper surfaces 47 facing pair of intermediate elements arranged (see FIG. 7).

Between the middle plate 11 and the plates 10 through side faces 50 of the intermediate elements 42, 43 vertically continuous cavities 48, 49 in the wooden component 2 limited. The cavities 48 are twice the size of the cavities 49. As can be seen from Fig. 7 is the larger cavity 48 of one row each the smaller cavity 49 of the other Row opposite.

The groove and comb connections on the top, bottom and the end face of the plates 10 are identical as in the construction module 1 according to FIGS. 1 to 6 and are therefore no longer described. Several building modules can be used again 2 lined up side by side and vertically be put on top of each other.

In the arrangement of the intermediate elements 42, 43 described and the cavities 48, 49 it is ensured that the Put on a twisted by 180 ° in the horizontal plane Building module 2, the projections 44, 45 of the lower building module 2 into the cavities 48, 49 of the upper module 2 from below can penetrate. Each lead comes 44 and 45 of the lower building module 2 with that of the upper surface 47 facing inclined surface 46 on one of the side surfaces 50 the upper building module 2 to the system; the intermediate elements 42, 43 of the upper module 2 are half of their lower surface 51 on the upper surfaces 47 of the intermediate elements 42, 43 of the underlying module 2. Also at this plug-in connection takes place via the cavity walls and the Projections 44, 45 transfer the force in both horizontal Directions.

With this second construction module variant, the Building modules 2 by a quarter, half or three quarters offset from each other in the longitudinal direction can be layered to advantageously in the longitudinal direction and transverse direction a positive and non-positive Connection of the wooden components 2 connected in this way accomplish. The vertical forces are in turn predominantly from the intermediate elements and if necessary the middle plate.

In the second variant, the intermediate elements 42, 43 in itself only in a row between the plates 10 arranged and the building modules 2 offset in the longitudinal direction be stacked on top of each other. With both construction module variants could, however, also be used instead of just a middle plate 11 and two rows of intermediate elements several intermediate plates and several rows of intermediate elements be provided in the interior between the plates 10.

In both described embodiments of the building modules are stable, torsionally rigid components, which make it possible in an amazingly simple way without additional cross-connection means and "dry" - i.e. without additional binders and sealants - load-bearing constructions, especially building walls by hand. The existing ones aligned with each other in the vertical direction Cavities on top of each other offer space for Installation lines. Also a later conversion or additions of the installation network is easy to carry out.

The walls created with building modules 1 or 2 can can be provided with internal planking as required, in which the inner plates 10 with additional plaster or Chipboard are provided, which if necessary can also have a stabilizing effect. It can also provide thermal and / or acoustic insulation, for example made of cellulose in the cavities or attached to the outer wall become; external insulation provided on the outer wall can be covered with a plaster or it can be between the external insulation and an external cladding ventilation is provided.

The building material wood enables a comfortable and healthy Construction method; it can be both inexpensive, solid, lasting, as well as ecologically valuable and comfortable Build buildings. Last but not least is the low primary energy consumption and unproblematic disposal of Importance.

It is not necessary that all panels have the same thickness exhibit. This can be the case in particular if a the plates, for example for fire protection reasons a non-combustible material such as steel.

The grain in the wood preferably runs in the intermediate elements in vertical and in at least one of the plates, preferably in all, in the horizontal direction.

Claims (17)

1. Building module for erecting planar structures, in particular walls, having two parallel panels (10) which are connected to one another via a plurality of mutually parallel intermediate elements (20,21; 42,43) which are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the building module (1; 2), the intermediate elements (20,21; 42,43) having, on one side of the building module, protrusions (12) which project beyond the height of the panels (10), and the building module being made up of individual elements, such as the panels (10) and the intermediate elements (20,21; 42,43), characterized in that the intermediate elements (20,21; 42,43), on the other side of the building module, are set back in relation to the height of the panels (10), depressions (17) being formed, with the result that, when two building modules (1; 2) are placed one on top of the other, the protrusions (12) of one building module (1; 2) project between the panels (10) into the depressions (17) of the other building module (1; 2) and, by butting against the insides of the panels (10), directly form a plug-in composite arrangement with transverse force-fitting action.
2. Building module according to Claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate elements (20,21; 42,43) are arranged vertically and rectangular panels (10) are provided transversely to the longitudinal direction.
3. Building module according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the intermediate elements (20,21; 42,43) are of bar-like design and are fastened, on both sides, on a central panel (11) arranged between the panels (10).
4. Building module according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the bar-like intermediate elements (42,43) have a rectangular cross section and are provided at the top with in each case one protrusion (44,45) extending over half the bar width in the longitudinal direction of the panels (10), mating intermediate elements being arranged alternately in a row in the longitudinal direction, in each case the intermediate elements (43,42) which have the protrusions (45,44) directed towards one another being spaced apart by a distance equal to the bar width and the intermediate elements (42,43) which have the protrusions (44,45) directed away from one another being spaced apart by double this distance, and, when a further building module (2) is placed on top, the intermediate elements (42,43) of a bottom building module (2) coming into abutment, by way of in each case one protrusion side surface (46), against a side surface (50) of the intermediate elements (42,43) of the building module (2) which has been placed on top.
5. Building module according to Claims 3 and 4, characterized in that, on one side of the central panel (11), the intermediate elements (42,43) are lined up in a row such that an intermediate-element pair provided with the protrusions (45,44) directed towards one another is arranged symmetrically in relation to the vertical centre axis of the building module (2) and, on the other side of the central panel (11), an intermediate-element pair provided with the protrusions (44,45) directed away from one another is located symmetrically in relation to the said centre axis.
6. Building module according to Claim 3, characterized in that the central panel (11), at the top, has a certain number of, preferably four, protrusions (12) distributed at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction of the panel (11) and, at the bottom, has the same number of at least more or less mating depressions (17), intermediate elements (20,21) extending in each case between the protrusions (12) and depressions (17) and, together with said protrusions (12), configuring cross-sectionally cross-shaped arrangements which project beyond the panels (10) at the top and correspond to at least more or less mating, bottom arrangements of a building module (1) which has been placed on top, the bottom arrangements being formed by the depressions (17) of the central panel (11), by intermediate elements (20) and by inner walls of the panels (10).
7. Building module according to Claim 6, characterized in that the intermediate elements have a square cross section and are of the same thickness as the panels (10) and the central panel (11).
8. Building module according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the ratio of the building-module length to the building-module width is a whole number between 2 and 8, preferably 4.
9. Building module according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that there are provided continuous cavities (35; 48,49) which are bounded by the panels (10), if appropriate the central panel (11) and the intermediate elements (20,21; 48,49), and are intended for being in alignment with the corresponding cavities of a building module which has been placed on top.
10. Building module according to Claim 9, characterized in that cavities are filled with a heat-insulating and/or a sound-insulating material, preferably cellulose.
11. Building module according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one of the panels and/or the central panel consist/consists of wood-based material.
12. Building module according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the intermediate elements consist of wood-based material.
13. Planar structure assembled from building modules (1; 2) according to one of Claims 1 to 12, in particular a wall, characterized in that a first row of building modules (1; 2) assembled on the end sides is arranged with a transverse force fit on a base beam (5), and building modules (1; 2) which form a further row are positioned on top of said first row, in a state in which they are offset in the longitudinal direction in each case preferably by half their length, and are held together with one another via the plug-in composite arrangements, a last building-module row being terminated with a top beam.
14. Planar structure according to Claim 13, characterized in that a wall erected from building modules (1; 2) is provided with an inner panelling.
15. Planar structure according to Claim 13 or 14, characterized in that a wall erected from building modules (1; 2) is provided with an outer cladding and an outer insulation located therebetween.
16. Planar structure according to Claim 15, characterized in that ventilation is provided between the outer cladding and the outer insulation.
17. Planar structure according to one of Claims 13 to 16, characterized by cavities (35; 48,49) in the building modules (1; 2), said cavities being in alignment with one another in the vertical direction and being intended for accommodating installation lines.

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