EP0560013B1 - Wooden panel - Google Patents

Abstract

A wooden panel (1) has at least five layers which are arranged in a sheet-like fashion one above the other in the manner of a grid and the layer elements of which are arranged crosswise or parallel with respect to elements of neighbouring layers. The crosswise arrangement results in high stability and the parallel arrangement results in the wooden panel being sealed in the transverse direction. The design of the wooden panel permits the use of comparatively small-format strips or planks, and thus a cost-effective utilization of left-over wood. The wooden panel (1) can be used as a load-bearing wall element, ceiling element or roofing element. In a pre-mounting position, the wooden panel may also be divided up into a flat side plane, the part-panels then comprising in each case a part of the layers of the wooden panel. The part-panels are mounted at the mounting location, such that they face one another on the flat side, and then, together, form a wooden panel again. This configuration is particularly advantageous when erecting partition walls. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a wooden building board for walls, ceilings or roofing and the like, which has a plurality of layers, each formed by individual elements, which are connected to one another, the wooden building board having at least five layers with rust-like, crosswise and parallel layer elements and one of laterally spaced apart Moldings, boards or similar individual elements formed middle layer, the individual elements are connected by approximately parallel or crosswise arranged individual elements on both sides of adjacent layers of mutually laterally spaced individual elements.

Such wooden building boards are already known in different embodiments. They serve to rationalize and partially shift the manufacturing process from the construction site to the workshop.

From EP 0 214 088 a wooden building element is already known, which is box-shaped with outer planks and side walls connecting them. The individual components used here are comparatively complex and expensive, which has a disadvantageous effect particularly in the case of large-area formats.

Furthermore, a component is known from DE-PS 16 59 175, that is formed in a block construction from superimposed and externally connected beams. As a result, there is a practically solid component with a corresponding weight that is difficult to handle and requires a high amount of material.

Finally, from FR-A-2 240 089 a component is known in which a plurality of layers of intersecting, laterally spaced boards are provided. As a result, through openings are present in the component, which have to be closed by outer planking layers in order to achieve a component that is sealed in the transverse direction. In addition to the crossing boards, additional, other individual elements are therefore required to manufacture the component.

The object of the present invention is to provide a wooden building board of the type mentioned at the outset which is easy to handle, has high stability and tightness and good insulation values and which can be produced inexpensively. Furthermore, it should be possible to lay installation lines within the wooden building board without any problems.

To achieve this object, it is proposed according to the invention that in the wooden building board on both sides of the middle layer at least two mutually adjacent layers with mutually approximately parallel, overlapping along the longitudinal edge, spaced individual elements are provided and that the wooden building board has a connection profile formed from different layers on the outer edge.

One already knows from DE-PS 21 48 585 a wall element in which two middle layers of parallel and partially overlapping boards are present, frame-like boards being used for additional connection. Although such wall elements can be used for partition walls with low requirements for sound and heat insulation, such structural elements are practically not suitable for statically load-bearing walls, in particular external walls.

The wooden construction panel according to the invention has on the one hand the In some of the layers, the cross layer of the boards provided for adjacent layers has a high stability and also non-shrinkage, and on the other hand, the layers with parallel-layer boards provide a good seal on both sides of the middle layer.

Due to the parallel layers, channels and cavities are already available for an installation, whereby these cavities also contribute to good insulation.

The tongue and groove arrangements formed by the individual layers result in a tight and stable connection between adjacent wooden building panels due to the large number of interlocking individual elements.

In the case of a wooden building board constructed with five layers, the arrangement of the layers according to the invention and the structure provided with the individual elements result in high stability and insulation capability; However, according to a further development of the invention, it is preferably provided that the wooden building board is formed in seven layers with an intermediate layer arranged on both sides of the middle layer, transversely or preferably parallel with respect to the individual elements and on this double layer consisting of two parallel layers.

As a result, channels are formed in the area of the middle layer, which is preferably formed by horizontally running boards or strips, as well as channels running transversely on both sides thereof, and vertical channels in the layers lying further outward, which enable installation lines to be laid without problems.

The stability of this structure is so great that these wooden building boards can be used for the construction of load-bearing walls. Despite the good strength, which is comparable to a solid block construction, there is considerable material savings and thus a reduction in weight. Compared to masonry, otherwise comparable values result in a very considerable volume reduction, which benefits the available room volume.

The individual elements can preferably consist of one to three meter long boards, preferably so-called shortening boards. The boards for the individual elements can have a thickness of approximately 1 cm to approximately 4 cm, preferably approximately 2.4 cm and a width of approximately 6 to 16 cm, preferably approximately 12 cm.

The individual layers are thus made up of a large number of comparatively small-sized individual elements, which enables the use of inexpensive residual wood and thus an overall cost-effective production of the wooden building board.

Additional embodiments of the invention are listed in the further subclaims. The invention with its essential details is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1

eine Flach-Seitenansicht einer einzelnen Holzbautafel,

Fig. 2

eine Stirnseitenansicht der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Holzbautafel,

Fig. 3

eine oberseitige Stirnseitenansicht der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Holzbautafel,

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Ansicht der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Holzbautafel,

Fig. 5

eine schichtweise aufgebrochen dargestellte Seitenansicht einer Holzbautafel,

Fig. 6 und 7

Verbindungsbereiche zweier Holzbautafeln in unterschiedlichen Anschlußbereichen,

Fig. 8

an gegenüberliegenden Schmalseiten einer Holzbautafel angebrachte Abschlußelemente,

Fig. 9 und 10

ebenfalls wie in Fig. 8 beidseitig an gegenüberliegenden Schmalseiten einer Holzbautafel aufgesetzte An- bzw. Abschlußelemente unterschiedlicher Ausführungsform,

Fig. 11

eine schematische Darstellung eines im wesentlichen aus erfindungsgemäßen Holzbautafeln gebildeten Bauwerkabschnittes,

Fig. 12

einen Horizontalschnitt durch eine Holzbautafel,

Fig. 13

eine Schnittdarstellung im Vertikalstoßbereich zweier Holzbauplatten und

Fig. 14 bis 18

im Schnitt gehaltene Detaildarstellungen im Anschlußbereich beziehungsweise Eckbereich unterschiedlicher Holzbauplatten.

It shows:

Fig. 1

a flat side view of a single wooden panel,

Fig. 2

3 shows an end view of the wooden construction panel shown in FIG. 1,

Fig. 3

2 shows a top end view of the wooden construction panel shown in FIG. 1,

Fig. 4

2 shows a perspective view of the wooden construction panel shown in FIG. 1,

Fig. 5

2 shows a side view of a wooden building board, broken open in layers,

6 and 7

Connection areas of two wooden building panels in different connection areas,

Fig. 8

on opposite narrow sides of a wooden building board attached closure elements,

9 and 10

likewise as in FIG. 8, connection and termination elements of different embodiments placed on both sides on opposite narrow sides of a wooden construction panel,

Fig. 11

1 shows a schematic representation of a section of the structure essentially formed from wooden building panels according to the invention,

Fig. 12

a horizontal section through a wooden building board,

Fig. 13

a sectional view in the vertical joint area of two wooden building boards and

14 to 18

detailed representations in the connection area or corner area of different wooden building boards.

Figures 1 to 5 show in different views a single wooden building board 1, which is constructed in this embodiment in seven layers. This wooden construction panel can be used as a wall panel, as a ceiling panel or as a roof panel, with several such wooden construction panels being plugged together on the front sides on their narrow sides via a tongue and groove system and connected there. As an area of application come e.g. B. residential buildings, office buildings, commercial buildings and commercial structures of all kinds in question. The wooden construction board can be easily combined with other timber construction systems as well as with masonry, concrete or steel systems.

The individual layers 2 to 8 of a wooden building board 1 each consist of individual elements 9 spaced apart from one another in parallel, formed from boards or strips, which are each connected by individual elements of an adjacent layer. This can be done, for example, by individual elements of the adjacent layer running parallel to the individual elements of the one layer, or by crossing individual elements running at right angles thereto.

In the exemplary embodiment, the two outer layers 2, 3 and 7, 8 are provided with individual elements 9 running in a parallel position, the individual elements of the adjacent layers each overlapping in regions along the longitudinal edge. This can be seen particularly well in FIGS. 1 and 4.

Due to the parallel, outer double layers 2, 3 and 7, 8 the wooden building board is tightly sealed on the outside, which is a prerequisite for good heat and noise insulation.

The middle layer 5 and the two adjacent intermediate layers 4 and 6 are likewise formed in parallel with respect to their individual elements 9, but here the individual elements run transversely to those of the outer double layers. This cross-bracing ensures a high level of stability, which enables two-dimensional, crosswise force transmission for both normal and bending forces. This also results in a high disk stiffness. This also prevents twisting of the wooden building panels and shrinking in length and width.

5, the individual layers 2 to 8 and their association with one another can be seen particularly well.

The cross-section of the individual elements 9 made of boards for the individual layers can be of the same cross-section or, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 5, also be different.

On the end face, the wooden building board is provided all round with a tongue and groove system, with adjacent end faces each having a groove formation 10 and the other two end faces having a tongue formation 11. This can be clearly seen in FIGS. 1 to 3. All around, both in the groove formation 10 and in the tongue formation 11, individual elements 9 projecting in the fiber longitudinal direction are present, via which forces to be coupled are introduced and can be transferred.

The interlocking of adjacent wooden building panels 1 (see also FIGS. 6 and 7) achieves a high degree of connection stability and, moreover, there is no continuous joint which could otherwise lead to cold bridges.

In Figures 4 and 6 to 10 it can also be seen that the edge formation on the end faces of the wooden construction board in deviation z. B. to Fig. 1 to 3, can be varied. It is only important here that there is a toothed, overlapping interlocking of the individual layers of adjacent wooden building panels 1. As already mentioned, this contributes significantly to a predeterminable heat and sound insulation behavior.

The connection of adjacent wooden building panels 1 in the tongue and groove area can be done by gluing and / or nails, screws or the like. In addition to power transmission, the glue connection also ensures tightness in the connection area. When using glue and z. B. nails results in a press glue connection with particularly good resilience.

In the individual layers, through the respectively spaced-apart individual elements 9, continuous channels 12 (see FIGS. 1 to 3) are formed in the longitudinal direction or in the transverse direction, in which installation lines or installation pipes can be laid. This also gives the possibility of carrying out additional installations even after the completion of a building wall and a planking (for example plasterboard), which may have been applied to the wall consisting of wooden building boards 1.

The existing channels form a total of hollow chambers, through which a very substantial weight and material saving is available. Nevertheless, there is still so much mass that a significantly improved sound insulation and heat storage capacity is available compared to a conventional stand construction.

The mutual, small-area or small-structured support of the individual elements 9 against one another also avoids a “cavity effect”, since there are no large-area vibrations Plate sections are available.

This also makes it easy to attach shelves, wall cabinets and the like to such walls at any point.

The wooden building panels 1 are manufactured by industrial series production, which enables high dimensional accuracy, predeterminable strength values and a short manufacturing time.

The individual elements 9 of the layers 2 to 8 are preferably connected to one another by press gluing, which results in high strength.

Comparatively small-sized boards can be used as the material, which for example can have a width of 12 cm and a thickness of 2.4 cm. Since the wooden building boards are dimensioned in manageable sizes and in adaptation to the existing masonry grid, so-called shortening boards, which can be up to 3 m long, can be used. As a result, residual wood recycling is possible in a particularly advantageous manner, which considerably reduces the material costs. The quality standards of the woods are limited to the strength, with no visual requirements being required.

11 shows in a section of the building what dimensions the individual wooden building panels 1 can have. It can also be clearly seen from this that there is practically a modular system which considerably simplifies the assembly or the creation of walls and ceilings. In addition, the assembly costs can be reduced by a comparatively short expenditure of time.

The individual wooden building panels 1 can be prefabricated in different grid sizes, as shown in FIG. 11, so that they also fit for the most varied of layouts and designs of the building.

In the case of corner configurations and transitions to other components, different end profile bars 13 (FIGS. 11 and 8 to 10) can be provided. Such end profile rods 13 serving as connecting pieces are shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 in different embodiments.

The wooden construction panel according to the invention can be used not only as a load-bearing construction wall, but also as a partition. To simplify assembly, this wooden construction panel can be assembled from two individual composite panels, with the parting plane in the middle between them.

These "half" wooden building panels can be easily transported and handled before assembly. The particular advantage is that they are particularly suitable for retrofitting partitions.

Thresholds can be provided on the floor and on the ceiling, optionally also on the side walls, to which the individual composite panels can be attached and fastened from both sides.

The type of attachment depends on the intended load on the wooden construction board. If necessary, the mutually facing flat sides of the individual composite panels can also be connected to one another. In addition to screw connections, adhesive connections may also be used here in combination, so that high stability can be achieved after assembly of the individual composite panels to form a wooden construction panel.

At least on the lower and upper front edges, connection profiles can be provided for concealed attachment to the sleepers. For this purpose, the respective inner layers can have a recess compared to the other layers by approximately the height of the thresholds. The design of this connection profile can be varied according to the respective circumstances.

Due to the two-part design of the wooden building board and also due to the connection profile provided, a practically concealed fastening of the wooden building board is possible without fastening frames or the like which are visible from the outside.

FIG. 12 shows a wooden construction board, which can either be made in one piece or, for an intermediate wall installation, from two individual composite panels. The wooden construction board 1b according to FIG. 12 has eight layers. For use as a partition, the wooden building board 1b could also be formed in two parts in a parting plane 16. It should be mentioned in this connection that it is not absolutely necessary to place the parting plane 16 in the central plane of the wooden building board. For example, a seven-layer one Wooden building boards also have the option of dividing them into two individual composite panels, one of the individual composite panels then consisting of three layers and the other of four layers.

In the wooden construction panel 1b, the individual elements 9 of the outer layers 24 are only a small distance from one another, so that one obtains practically full-length outer sides. In order to avoid cracks, slight distances of, for example, 1 to 2 mm are provided in the joint area of the individual elements 9 of the outer layers 24. The outer layer 24 is sealed by the next layer below, with individual elements oriented in the same direction and arranged in the joint area of the outer individual elements 9.

FIG. 13 shows the vertical joint area between two wooden building panels 1b placed against one another with modified connection profiles. The outer layers 24 consisting of spaced individual elements are set back somewhat in this exemplary embodiment compared to the inner layers, and the joint region 25 is then covered by outer boards 26 which are inserted between the individual elements 9 of the outer layers 24 set back on the edge.

FIG. 14 shows the connection area of two wooden building panels 1 abutting at right angles and FIG. 15 shows the design in the corner area of two wooden building boards 1. The wooden building boards 1 used in FIGS. 14 and 15 each have the same thicknesses and the same number of layers.

FIG. 16 shows the connection area between a seven-layer wooden building board and a five-layer further wooden building board, for example serving as a partition.

Figures 17 and 18 finally show the connection or corner area of five-layer wooden building panels.

Pre-dried wood is used as the material for the individual elements 9, so that a shrinkage in length and width and thus precise dimensions of the finished wooden construction board are thereby also achieved 1 are available. After the individual layers have been glued, the wooden construction board is cut to size and milled all around, this milling being carried out in such a way that any residual glue in the tongue and groove system is removed and at the same time chamfering of the outer edges is carried out, so that it is easy and quick to plug together adjacent wooden building panels.

It should also be mentioned that due to the precise prefabrication of the wooden building panels, 1 unevenness in the wall is practically excluded, so that a substructure (slatted frame) for the cladding to be applied can be dispensed with both on the inside of the building and on the outside.

• Materialeinsparung bei gleichbleibender Stabilität und gleichbleibendem Wärmeschutz;
• Restholzverwertung und damit eine besonders preiswerte Herstellung möglich;
• industrielle Serienfertigung im vorgegebenen Rasterformat;
• geringe Abbund- und Montagekosten;
• präzise Abmessungen;
• Winddichtigkeit und atmungsaktiv;
• problemlose Verlegung von Installationsleitungen und auch nachträgliche Installationsänderungsmöglichkeit;

Briefly summarized, the following main advantages result in the wooden building board 1 according to the invention or walls, ceilings or roofs produced therewith:

• Material savings with constant stability and constant heat protection;
• Waste wood recycling and thus particularly inexpensive production possible;
• industrial series production in the specified grid format;
• low joinery and assembly costs;
• precise dimensions;
• Windproof and breathable;
• problem-free laying of installation lines and also the possibility of subsequent installation changes;

Overall, the inventive construction of the wooden construction panel 1 thus combines a large number of advantages in a single component.

It should also be pointed out that variations in the dimensions of the individual elements 9 and the number and arrangement of the layers of the wooden building board are possible. This can be done in adaptation to the respective strength and / or insulation properties and the like of the wooden building board.

Claims (16)

1. A wooden panel for walls, ceilings or roofing and the like, having a plurality of interconnected layers formed by single elements (9), the wooden panel being at least five-layered with crosswise and parallel layer elements of grate-like arrangement and has a middle layer (5) composed of laths, boards or similar single elements (9) in laterally spaced relationship, the single elements (9) of said middle layer being connected by single, laterally spaced elements (9) which are arranged substantially parallel or crosswise thereto and belong to adjacent layers (4, 6) on both sides, characterized in that at least two mutually adjacent layers (2, 3 and 7, 8) with spaced single elements (9) substantially parallel to one another and overlapping at their longitudinal edges are provided on either side of the middle layer (5) and that the wooden panel has at its outer edges a connnecting profile formed by different layers.
2. A wooden panel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the outer connecting profile has tongue-and-groove arrangements (10, 11) of the same configuration at mutually adjacent edges of a panel.
3. A wooden panel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the outer connecting profile is of the same configuration at opposite edges of the panel.
4. A wooden panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by being seven-layered and having arranged on either side of the middle layer (5) an intermediate layer (4, 6) disposed transversely or preferably parallel with respect to the single elements (9) and located on said intermediate layer a double layer (2, 3 and 7, 8) consisting of two parallel layers.
5. A wooden panel as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the edge tongue-and-groove arrangements composed of a plurality of single layers have single elements projecting lengthwise of the grain.
6. A wooden panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the degree to which the interconnected single elements (9) of the wooden panel overlap is selected such that there is a material saving of at least 30% compared to a solid cross section.
7. A wooden panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the single elements (9) consist of boards about 1m to 3m long, preferably so-called offcuts.
8. A wooden panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the boards for the single elements (9) have a thickness of about 1 cm to about 4 cm, preferably about 2.4 cm, and a width of about 6 cm to 16 cm, preferably about 12 cm.
9. A wooden panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the edges of the outwardly projecting single elements (9) are chamfered.
10. A wooden panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the overall dimensions of the wooden panel are provided in a modular grid of one eighth of a metre and are preferably dimensioned so that they can be handled with respect to weight and size.
11. A wooden panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the single elements (9) at least of one of the two external layers (24) are more closely spaced to one another than those of the other layers.
12. A wooden panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that glued and/or nailed or screwed joints are provided for interconnecting the individual layers of the wooden panel and for interconnecting the wooden panels.
13. A wooden panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a single-component glue, preferably a polyurethane adhesive free of formaldehyde is provided for bonding the individual layers.
14. A method of producing a wooden panel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a wooden panel, which in a preassembled condition is divided in a plane parallel to its large face and consists of at least two panel parts (14, 15) each constituting some of its layers, is assembled on site from the two panel parts in face-to-face relationship.
15. A method as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that the wooden panel is assembled from two panel parts (14, 15), preferably forming statically stable single elements, bordering on the middle parting plane of the wooden panel.
16. A method as claimed in claim 14 or claim 15, characterized in that the panel parts (14, 15) are connected by means of connecting profiles provided at least at their lower and/or upper end edges to a ground and/or ceiling beam (22) so as to at least largely cover the same externally.

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