PT104012B - MIXED WOOD-GLASS STRUCTURAL PANEL AND ITS PRODUCTION PROCESS - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention refers to a timber-glass composite panel for construction, in which these materials simultaneously assume a functional, aesthetic and structural nature. The panel may be utilised both as a slab or load-bearing wall, despite its orientations, thus allowing constructive modularity based on habitational evolutiveness principles, mass production, prefabrication and consequent transportability. The panel envisages the integration of passive solar systems and bioclimatic, eco-efficient functions. The panel comprises a timber substructure [5] and two simple laminated structural panes of glass [7], one on each side of the substructure wherein the bonding is carried out by means of a single-component structural adhesive [8] with semi-stiff behaviour after drying. The substructure consists of several timber boards [1] arranged in parallel, interspersed by timber blocks [2] and fixed with threaded steel rods [3]. Should the panel serve as a wall, sliding windows can additionally be included, one on the interior face [6] and the other on the exterior face [14], so as to allow ventilation.

Description

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" FAIHEL BSTF0TUBL MIXED MADEIRA-VIDRO $ $ E® BRQDESSO DS PRODUCTION " '

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Wood has always been a material traditionally used in construction. In recent years a great deal has been observed in the industrialized systems of the timber sector in order to increase the potential of this material today presents in com: ·; the oak. Objectively, there may be some advantages; s age; reduced consumption of fossil energy; thermal inertia; diversity of species, types and caracueristicas; diversity of products and derivatives,

Today various systems of wood construction emerge, very different from those of the systems of logs, trusses, or even the panel system. The latter, having be-c. from the starting point to the first attempt to implement an industrialized system for the construction of the General. Fanei Sustem (1941; Konrad Hachsmann and dal ter (Ironies, had the use of the system as a closed system, without characteristics of flexibility, adapt age and combination and other systems). new digital technologies for CtC - enable open cisterns, not infrequently based on unit series logics, to be a reality that is ineluctable and desirable in terms of business strategy. of high strength and typability, which can be combined with other constructive systems >

Some of the following systems may be observed as examples: HcmogenSQ, LenoTec, Brssta, Sc.hu.ler, HolstlO.O, KLH (contour described in DE2 0217.8 8.4'5 " Qs portune, Steico, Senos, Lignotrend (as described in Document Αΐ9849Β), dmman Holzbau (panel developed by Eckert et al., As described in SPQO60013), Lignadalf Steko, Weiisteg (panel developed by Hurtolter Kurt, described in DEI8521G27). Lignatur: The generality of the systems referred to above is the same as those of the other countries, eg in terms of differences between them, but in the first place they can be distinguished In particular, in the context of these titanates which the present invention fits into, however, none of these systems combine the wood or the likelihood of its combination with glass , not "re thereby solving the problem of natural illumination and transparency, or, in structural terms, the optimization of rigidity and resistance that glass allows to enhance. The systems described also do not include, at a functional level, the possibility of introducing passive solar systems that overwhelm the energy efficiency of the system exponentially. These will be the potentialities for inclusion of glass in a mixed system and of which if you want to remove more hops with s. new invention. In the beginning of the twelfth century, a new way of thinking about the house emerged, establishing an interior / exterior spatial relationship completely different from the one that existed until then, thus providing a new space. moo of conceptual relations that paved the way for the evolution of glass in architecture.

Until then it was not possible to create homogeneous plans of reasonable size. The glass was fragile, and without any insulating qualities. However, that egg was its main feature, the ability to interface with the lus through glows, transparencies and refiosor, since yoga paascu to be associated with technology, modernity and progress, Its use in the modern movement was very relevant in srquitectônicoa terms.

From then on, to the present day, there have been considerable new developments that have completely transformed the glass industry and its field of application.

Tempered, laminated, colored, thermo - acoustic and acoustic glass, curved, profile in. U (described for example in U86546630), glass-ware, prismatic, glazed exterior glazing or glass stapled only to the types or variants of glass which presently constitute the state of art of this material. such as cold-formed laminated glass - developed by F .. van Heriviúnen, D, Staa.ks and b, nek.hout - which allows joining the improved properties of hot molding, laminated glass and plastic.

However, in the specific context of the present invention, there is a matter of terminology which is relevant to the definition of the term "glass" and "glass": which is commonly referred to as glass glass 1, it is V1C. However, these solutions are largely autoportant.es, the glass not constituting resistive and eectively structural function to other elements besides itself.

However, the exploitation of this glass structural capacity is relatively recent, and has lost itself as the main pathway for development of this material - not only in isolation, but also in systems composite, resistant glass has been approached mainly in linear elements, as is the case of beams or pillars * B in these, tested alone or in conjunction with other materials, It is possible to point out some examples, as is the case of studies developed by De La P.ochefocault and Banisse Oiivier (in the study of resistant glass elements and their fastening system and connections ··· 0200612B887; - glass for support of facades of buildings - DE102Q06Q44'§49) ,. by Ulrieh Knaack (also in the glass facade bracket DE13651444) by the Technological Univarsity of Del £ (in the reinforcement of glass beams with metal), by Paichebo 1 bichei in the reinforcement of carbon glass beams and in other (WO93023162), by the technological university of Gr & and by Banis rd Freytag (in mixed concrete-glass beams), by the University of Dortmund in conjunction with BWTH Aachen, in metal-glass beams), or thin The latter is the only case that combines glass and wood, but referring to a linear element and not a surface element, that is to say, without. the ability to construct autonomously as a constructive system, or not to exhibit the functional and structural polyvalence allowed by the new invention, the glass has collapsed: coke is only in a residual mode, it tends to be non-laminated and 3 and must guarantee all the necessary safety: 33: -: 033: this construction, associated with the fact that it is only the wood to guarantee the resistance .., the connection between wood and glass is real . This is achieved by using rigid adhesive which immediately transmits the stresses to the glass, which is fragile,

It may therefore be argued that it has never really been the case that the glass product, the combination with the wood, in which both materials function with the same structural preponderance, is based on the fact that, in the content of mixed solids , never was. the problem of brittleness of the glass, the conjugation of the wood with glass in the molds in which it is bedded in the mixed structural wall 1, both geometrically and at the level of the bonded semi-rigid bond, guarantees superior indicia of ductility, safety and autonomy in terms of prefabrication, since it is an autonomous and complete system. The mixed elements have the best characteristics of two different materials in one. In this case, in the structural terms, the wood assumes a good behavior to the wood, while ductile to compression, while the glass presents a very positive retractionado to the level of the compression effort, however, a mixed structure solution must be able to frame, liesr and power.?; the advantages shown, which is true in the results obtained with the tests of the present invention. It is important to emphasize the rigor and technology with which both materials are allowed. and the fact that both are compatible with each other, which also allows for their application in mixed elements to produce consistent solids from the point of view of sustainability. The central issue of the inventive process is that wood glass is very few were, in fact, bonded together in the construction. in the true structural sense, never with the combination of characteristics and advantages of the present invention. The known processes of glass and wood bonding will now be referred to as structural elements for the purpose of construction.

Wood-glass beams have already been mentioned, from the Hotel Pôlafitte in Lausanne, in Saiça, by Kiaus Kreher and Julius datterar, which, as mentioned, incorporates a different logic from its genesis, and was developed in the doctoral thesis of the (1), (2), (2) and (2) and (2) and (2) and (b)

In the HDW Lufo Pavílianf developed by the aood-Glass studio of the Helsinki University of Technology, authored by A, Slow and T, Sepoanen, the system of connection of the elements of wood and glass uses a bi-adhesive acrylic tape that aims only to guarantee the positioning between the glass and the wood, which, because it is unnecessary in this contesto, only allows to withstand reduced drops. It is therefore a glued connection system that simply can not withstand heavy structural situations, as in the invention. On the other hand, - wood has as its only structural function the definition of glass positioning, which only supports the transmission of forces in the structure, through aviation efforts, with the particularity of all the parts being different from each other. Irrespective of whether it is a manifestly interesting system, it should be pointed out that both matrices operate almost independently in the same structure, contrary to what happens in the present invention, where mixed conjugation exists with the purpose and necessity of a complementary and productive structure functioning and among the materials involved, ioshiaki Arduo, color · technical support of Jan datou developed a family dwelling et; Fvjit in Japan where the covers are composed pox. a frame in which a sheet of glass is bonded externally. Instead of the usual system of the frame, the glass cloth eventually functions as a protective basket for the wood, one of which confers a structural paper to the building, nor is it obvious that the laser could , being the structural system of the building in question poxrt erected in pirar beam, constituting therefore a traditional system, distant from the new contemporary theotonic of the construction in. braid The bull ··············································································· V & rbvnd mif Glas " - and the work done by Jan Hamm at EPPL in Lansanne, in addition to mentioning the results of experiments with a plastic spray-on glass cloth glued on two slats of wood. wood on the two major sides of the glass perimeter, with the difference in depth being that a context of structural application of this element has not been chosen, certainly due to the redeemed capacity which presents at this level less than 10% of the capacity of catqa obtained with the present invention, not only in its own plane but specifically in the axis perpendicular thereto. This makes it impossible for any use as a slab in the same way as the thickness reduction also impossible to use as a resistant wall, in addition to all the multi-functionalities which are instead inherent to the mixed panel.

The wood-glass mechanisms of the IBois-Cadrea Composicea en bois et de la Eure of Lausanne, under the responsibility of Weinand, present an atl li structural structure, bracing of a laminar structure with the use of molding, and the effectiveness of the element and its mechanical capacity, since its geometry is purely dimensional, and can only be applied to the piano, which is difficult to apply Any buckling effect: general buckling effect, having the same limitations as the previous example. On the other hand. does not allow the integration of thermal mass and passive solar systems, what the new invention comes from. 0 '-Miutifunctional giãzing prozotype fcr body ei tc insuiatíng glose unii with integreted solar sheding "' of Jau Purm, refers to a panelist integrating a shading system. However, its structural utilization is very limited, resisting a low capacity of character and, due to the reduced thickness, preventing the integration of other functionalities, a path that the itself has not been very erective - this prototype of Jen Wurm still has the radius difference of not being glass-wood, but glass-carbon fiber.

Lastly, the Window Window Q4 uses the bond bonded as the central element of the bond between the wood and the outer glass that protects it, a. the similarity of what happens to the draft text, already mentioned. However, glass has no structural function.

In sum, it may be concluded that the main challenge in the context of a mixed wood-brick solution will be to take full advantage of the expressive capacity of structural design of the materials, compensating for the apparent natural deficiency of glass at this level, which is subjected to its compressive capacity and avoiding the point and concentrated stresses on its surfaces, insofar as the bonds assume spatial relief, having therefore been nm. the central pockets of the research that were based on the present invention in the past through the structural bondings bonded, rather than the usual mechanical joints that would not solve the problem described above,

The challenge is that the adhesive coméiine resistance and brittleness, given the basic differences between glass (.fril) and wood, (dáctii to compression), which allows one. uniform distribution of forces, reduction of fragility of glass avoiding hurricanes, and prevention of point tensions on glass-

Previous attempts to use wood-glass solutions with a structural function do not allow a simultaneous level of resistant glass effectiveness, structural stability, resistance, safety, durability and energy and energy efficiency compatible with the modern needs of color,

The objectives of the new panels proposed for the integration of passive solar systems and eco-efficient and eco-efficient principles are those which are only possible because of the transparency afforded by glass and the natural lighting which, in this specific case combined with its structural aspect, transforming this product into an edible piece, the wall of a ventilated Trombe wall, patented by Bdwani Moras and conveyed by Belix Trombe, constitutes an important reference in respect thereof introduction of passive solar systems. Being interesting the energy efficiency factor the inclusion of elements with great capacity in the thermal storage, such as concrete, exposed to the south that accumulate the energy, li.bertandc-the poster.iorm.ente to the interior of the space, as proposed

Ventilated thrombus, such is not compatible with lightweight constructions and light-weight structures as desired in the present invention. The obstacle is overcome by the inclusion of the hangers, introduced into the spacing between the wooden boards incorporated in the novel structure of the present invention. k this constructive solution, in addition to; advantages of glass-wood combination of structural, natural daylight and fluorescent lighting, possesses a set of features; that when combined between sp guarantee the distinction of the same in texmos of innovation; * Much i-estraturality. Independent triaxial structural element (slab position, sturdy wall position with vertical slat and sturdy wall position with horizontal slat); * Multi " functionality. ôptimization of energy due to thermal and acoustic efficiency; * Sustainability, integration of passive necklaces and biocrotic principles; * Sonxbreaménto, Efficiency of shading is several orientations (East, West and South); * Co: atravexP: use: The mistraining of motions perpendicular to the plane is ensured by the integration of the wood costs within the panel; • Rehabilitation. Possibility of integrating technical infrastructures inside the panel; * Safety and security system assembly and application; ♦ Prefabrication. Cost control of quality; * Kodu lar from. Me t: t i ca, nabitadity; modular combination »Adaptability to intelligent systems, Domotics and water collection through the roof, * Possibility of integration of active solar systems on the panel structure; # Durability. Protect the wood and the adhesive through the outer glass element. The mixed structural panel of the invention, which embodies the present invention, forms the basis of one embodiment of the present invention. a new constructive system, whereby these component materials, by the way they are combined, simultaneously assume functional, aesthetic and structural character. This particularity fits this product in the doais.:the set of engineering and archltectoru, in the specific field of innovative construction technologies, both in new buildings and in the rehabilitation of existing buildings.

The polyvalent characteristics inherent to this mixed element are always used in response to the national and structural needs in the various constructive and architectural contexts, whether as a slab or as a wall, and any that are, yours. guidelines. GENERAL DEGREE MOVEMENT

This system is composed of a wooden substructure, which dictates the size of the panels, which is composed of solidly arranged wooden boards and spaced between them by means of wooden balconies also massive and with a constant height, between two blades: suo always placed three blocks: two in the exlude daci- and one half-way, all these pieces are previ- ously pierced in such a way that, all in all. of the second block can be inserted: two threaded steel rods < These limbs will have the final cracking and mechanical adjustment of the. substructure of roedeíra.

From each 'm on both sides ·· interior and exterior - of the nadeira substructure, and with. the structure of the stiffening means is covered with a glass cover roughly the same length as the latter. The characteristics of the two structural glazes differ from each other in that they are located inside or outside the glass. In the exterior, a single laminated glass is used. A double laminated glass composed of a single laminated glass cloth on the inner side and a tempered glass cloth on the outer face, the process of structural joining between the wood substructure and glazing is an essential part of this system. Only an adhesive combining resistance and ductility can allow a conjugation of these materials, from this context an acidic semi-acidic adhesive was used which, by virtue of its silicates The glazing of glass and wood is made in the entire area exposed in the lateral laces of the wood panels, in situations where the panel acts as a structural wall. the glass is only from the second, inclusive plate. This solution provides for the placement of small pieces transversely arranged between the first and second boards with the main function of distributing the webs on a reindeer. the glass is not a structural function of the alignment thereof, on both sides of the panel, there are placed rails of the purpose of which will be the possibility of ventilation of the panel.

So that this .sisfcenxã. of ventilation functions will require the existence of an air-box as well. such as the existence of η.;;; element with earth ground ca enough to assume as thermal accumulator. In the latter case, there are small hangers embedded between the wooden boards. Between these and the interior structural glass will be placed a translucent thermal insulation. On the opposite side of the hangers is the air box, which communicates through numerous small fires executed with CNC on the wooden plates. These, however, do not constitute a breakdown of the mechanical resistance of the assembly, necessary air circulation.

On the outside of the panel, a metal guide will be fastened to the top plate of the facade, a stainless steel wire mesh, compounding the necessary glazing to this system in the summer,

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 shows. an exploded view of the wood substructure of the panel ... of Figure 2 is observed the axonometry of the panel wood substrate [5] already after the assembly process, Figure 3 represents an exploded axonometry of the different elements that make up the present invention,

FIG. 5 shows the conjugation of 3 panels type [lsg] [lsc], in the horizontal position, as a slab. FIG. 5 illustrates the axonometry of the final configuration of the object of the invention. Figure 6 illustrates the combination of 2 type panels [17a,] 17b], symmetrically arranged along an axis η the resilient, in the vertical position of the resistant wall, with the plates m in the horizontal position, Figure 7 illustrates the connection of 2 type panels [18a] nstoj, symmetrically disposed along a vertical axis, in a vertical position, as a sturdy stop, with the plates [1] in position veri: 1 ca 1, Figure B illustrates the coagulation / , I will emphasize the retrofitting of vertical panels (sturdy stop; [17] and horizontal panels [slab] [I8 & J [18]

DESCRIPTION DETÂLBÁDÁ ΏΆ ZWVENÇÁO

This is a prefabricated system composed of a substrate of wood, which dictates the drilling of the panels. The typical type is, by way of example, a total dimension of 3200 mm in length, color 1600 mm in width, 220 mm in thickness. From this dimension the ratio of h between length and width, confers the possibility of different combinations, however, and as a form, to complement the range. of applications of this system there are several dimensions * as is the thickness of the panels, 2600 x 1600 mm, or 1600>: 1600 mm. Other panel thicknesses are also, for example, the wood composite - in the specific case for a cost reduction issue, of resinous wood, for example, and red cone, Pines syiv & selves - is composed mostly of total proportion of eight in eleven units - per 30mm plates. of thickness, except for the last and the first two plates, which incorporate different thicknesses. These solid wood plates (1), in a typical situation with 22D mm of Largara and 320 mm in width, with the shafts in the direction longitudinal of the pool); are arranged in parallel with each other by means of solid wood webs (2), with a constant height of 120 mm, which constitutes said spacing between two plates, that is to say, in the existing spacings, there are always placed three bio-cores; two in the ext. dimensions of 120 x 150 x 75 mm - and one to exactly half a dog - with dimensions of 120 x 150 x 150 s. These wooden blocks have the peculiarity of having their means oriented in the direction transverse to the plates being spaced apart. It should be noted that, in terms of vertical design of these blocks rate to the width of 220 nus of the plates, these, occupying 150 mm, are 20 mm away from one side and, needlessly, and 50 mm from the other. It will be these 50 mm that will fill the air box that will be described ahead as well. All of these elements are pre-drilled with diameters of 14 mm) so that, in the alignment of each block, two M12 threaded steel rods (3) can be used. ments, in total of six per panel, allow the final fixing and the mechanical adjustment of the wood substructure, with. the use of a dimmomechanical key which controls the clamping force, the washers and females which, introduced in low reliefs executed on the outer faces of the two plates located at the ends of the panel, guarantee the alignment against the outer plane of the pieces of wood, wood boards whose thickness varies from the usual · 30 asm, are the first, second and last, respectably with 115, 55 and 1.5 mm. Of these, the first two may coiro :; some variations in thickness - it may cause the second to maintain the same 30 mm as the ceiling, in the case of the parent. function, such as .laje ~ in order to adjust: the suitability of each panel to the content in. In the case of the panel to which they belong, they must be cut as vertical vertical structural element) ···, have twenty notches of 30 mm s the entire width of the plates, with a depth of 13 mm and spaced 120 mm apart, so as to fit together a set of twenty small wooden boards with dimensions of 125 x 220 x 30 mm, positioned three-sidedly as the direction their veins are in relation to each other. these smaller parts have as their main function the distribution of charges in a coke in which. the glass will not have a structural function, as will be discussed below. Prior to this, it should also be noted that, in the first plate, 115 mm thick, there may be a need for, in circumstances where the panel functions as a wall there is a set of notches having a depth of 50 mm - spaced 120 mm wide and 30 mm wide on its outer face, so as to receive the engagement of other panels located perpendicularly in king. to this action, in particular in the. slab function.

Of each one of the two sides - interior and exterior - of the wooden substructure (5). «With the function. Structure. A glass is placed on the glass. These glasses are crucial for the functional and structural performance of the assembly, hence the importance of the specificity of its characteristics. However, they also play an important role in protecting the wood from the effects of atmospheric agents. Each ακτ of these glasses will always be a dimension coincident with the useful feature of the panel {15} on each of the faces; siphoning: s: ie at 3200 mm. The drop of these can vary between 1515 xam if it is a horizontal structural element (lais) - or 1373 mm - in case it works as a vertical element therefore (structural wall). The operation of the country as a resistant vertical element guarantees the feasibility of joining in two different positions: in the first one, suitable for South orientation. the positioning of the plates is horizontal (l & a, IQ > 16e) (the blocks functioning as pillars); in the second, this company is oriented towards orientations to the East and West, the scores are arranged. vertically (functioning these same as pillars) (17a to 17b). It is only part of the same panel, but turned 30% attesting the birth of functional poivalence, which is only possible to achieve cohesion. based on its versatile structural age. The two structural panes shall be mutually divided by the fact that they are inside or inside the frame. A simple laminated glass is used inter alia. tests were always tested with glasses of 6 + δ xsm - color: edge. A double glazing consisting of a simple (interior) laminated glass cloth on the inner face and a tempered glass cloth (13) should be used. This solution allows this outer glazing to function both as a structural element - through the laminated glass ··, as a functional element in the thermal, acoustic and humidity control, harmful to the wood by means of the double glass solution. However, the use of a tempered glass on the outer face allows a substantial resistance to the mechanical impact of the glass, and also to the safety assurance with respect to the thermal amplitude recorded in the outer shell of the glass, m large windows. The outer glass shall also provide, on the inner faces between the two panels, and in the exact projection of the bonding zones, a serrated black bar, intended to protect the glued bond of ultraviolet radiation and prevent the visualization of An important aspect is the possibility of the exterior laminated glass being photovoltaic, by combining the structural function with the energetic function, the structural process between the wooden substructure and the glass forms a part It is important for this purpose to attenuate Ef < 2 >, only one adhesive which can effectively combine strength and age can allow a conjugation of these materials. In this regard, for example, a semi-rigid, semi-rigid, composite, ultraviolet resistant, and ambient temperature cureable solvent was used as the C8-Marker (DE891) which, by its characteris- tics mechanical properties and, at the same time, the known resistance of the silicates to the atmospheric agents, guarantees the desired effect, i.e., guarantees the strength of the wood and glass. glass to the wood, so that the glass works as an erecting reinforcement, and does so in a uniform and ductile manner, so as to allow for the treatment of the wood, preserving the integrity of the glass. The bonding of the glass to the strand is made in the great majority of the exposed area on the lateral sides of the wooden boards. However, it is necessary to create a hole along the entire length of the wooden slabs, with a lath of 20 mm, with the axis of the slab, and with the depth of 1.5 m. to prevent the adhesive from forming further than said sink, in order to prevent the quality of the finished finish. To this end, it is necessary that in the two burrs of the wood which are in high- relief, and with the width of 5 streets each. whether or not it is glued with a spongy acrylic bi-adhesive, which prevents this migration of the glue from the pressing moment. The fact that the bi-adhesive tape allows bonding to the wood and glass, in a efficient way, the fact that it is spongy ensures that the air can be expelled and allows its crushing until the final adjustment to the height of the line paste. The bonding area thus corresponds to 20 m x 3000 mm, on both sides of each plate. The executions to this rule are only the last plate - that is to say mm and therefore - suffers a glue to ioda its width the second plate where the glue u floats in the totality of the ccm.urrmercc of the piece / na along a width , shall be 40 mm in size; a sensitive sound distribution; carqas ···, and in the first blinking, which is 11o mm thick, the glass is glued only 30 mm from its face of thickness and only when the panel acts as a slab. This is because in the situation in. that the panel functions as wall structure, the glass is only glued from the second plate, inclusive. This solution, which exists between the first and second plates and in the projection of the set of the twenty small wooden plates with dimensions of 125 x 220 x 30 mm referred to above, allows here. on both sides of the panel, sliding frames whose purpose is the possibility of interior ventilation of the panel. These window frames, which may be in the form of a window, will allow to include an inner and outer window 14, and are an integral and essential part of the passive solar system which injects them; and panel, the opening and closing exercise of window will be responsible for .paid control of the flow and movement of the natural circulation of air through the interior of the enclosure of the panel, notes having a conventionally defined type of request: in the cato to will have the natural position will be to close the interior spans and opening the exteriors, allowing air circulation to cool the thermal mass that will be inserted to the panel; in the case of winter the natural position of the cow will be the reverse, which will allow a natural heating system inside the living space and at the same time a protection of the wood pieces by means of the waterproofing which is provided by the outer glass .

In order for a natural convection and circulation system, such as that mentioned, to work, it is necessary that the fenestrations for. air circulation exist both at the top and at the base of the walls. However, the asymmetry of the panels constituting this invention, as well as the fact that there is only one fenestration of each of the faces of the panel, can only be verified because these panels are designed to be symmetrically superimposed along the axis of the latter delimits the outer face of the last plate 15 mm thick, allowing the total height of the building floor to be 3200 mm and the hinge apparent to be a 10 mm plate. as to all others that are adjacent to it (when in fact it is two 15 mm justsposia plates). From this motorcycle, the facing will have a fenestration of the top and another at its base, allowing the operation of the ideal hypochlimatic system irado. In order for this system to be complete, it will be necessary to have an air stream where it can circulate fluidly, as well as the existence of a thermal element sufficient to assist the thermal accumulator. In the latter case, there are small (11) gabions - composed, for example, of stones from the region where the construction is to be carried out, and with granuionecria that allow adequate prefabricated luminous permeability with the dimension consisting of 120 x 120 x 1450 mm. These bundles shall be spaced apart from the inner side of the panel until they are spaced from the inner laminated glass by only 20 m. This small space shall be filled by a translucent thermal insulation {B} the similarity of the capillary system of the Okalux system and the thickness of 20 mm, which will allow an optimization of the thermal performance of the product as well as the projection of the inner glass by abrasion of the stones. Since the vertical projection of 120 mm is necessary, they will necessarily be spaced 00 mm from the inner face of the outer glass; it will be noted that this 80 mm protrusion on the part of the outer face of the plates is relative to the outer face of the gabions so that in the summer, contrary to what happens in winter when the sun occupies a lower position, the pieces of wood have a necessary effect of seeding on the stones, Oon. additionally, and so that the cu - the plates; the length of which is equal to 80 mm on the outer side, is pierced by numerous small holes (10) of 3 mm. of diameter and spaced apart from each other by 2 mm, carried out in a workshop on a CNC machine. These do not necessarily constitute a break in the mechanical strength of the assembly, but instead provide the necessary air circulation. • The outside of the panel and away from the panel by a diameter of 50 mm will be the color of the metal affixed to the panel. for example - with a size of 2970 x 3200 mm, its function will be to complement the luminaire required by this master: in the summer. , infrastructures, and it should be emphasized that they must be prefabricated and capable of being fitted together and secured to each other, insofar as. will be inserted inside the panels, namely inside the several that will be filled by the gabids. In normal situation, the pipes will pass through; interior of the gabids adapted to receive them in the existing row, between 2a and 3 " plates.

Finally, it will be crucial to return to the glue system to address the production process. First of all, it is necessary to carry out the substrates, in particular with & cotton and acetone or ethyl alcohol. After the substrates have dried, the adhesive is plated at a temperature of between one and the same on the wooden plates, duly marked and using an application foil suitable for this purpose. Simultaneously, a second operator should smooth and smooth the adhesive strip with a spatula. This process must proceed rapidly so that the adhesive does not start the setting process. After this procedure has been completed, the interior glass will be cleaned on the face that will be located inside the panel by a In order to ensure that the thickness of the glue line is between 2 and 5 mm, the thickness of the glue line shall be between 2 and 3 mm, the process will be repeated alternately for the other vellum and the other panel side, but wait 72 hours. In order to form the frames and the thermal insulation within the panels, this will have to be effected by the gluing of the second glass, which will always be the outer glass. After the gluing of the second glass , the panel should be left in place for a long time and it should be supported on a horizontal surface until it can be handled. Only then should the sliding frames be installed on the inner and outer tops and bases if it is 0 if at the end, this process will give rise to a product that constitutes an " open system "; transmits high tents both in their perpendicular plane case & e.le, matched 1 with. other structural systems and, by means of subtraction, adaptable to the particular specificities of each and every project, with the advantage of always using the same workpieces. Part of the key in this issue will be in the affordability of the safety component parts, the resulting panel prevents system collapse under all circumstances;

Bambeamsrnto of the wooden boards for the exterior: vardee metái 1cos rào 0 overnight. Bamfceameuto of the wood boards for the interior: soft wood and wood do not allow the collapse of the wood substructure color traction: this is possible due to the action of the laminated glass and the adec 3;

At; predicted the behavior of the system were conrrrmads with the tests and in the Laboratory of. the Civil Understanding of

Universidade do Minho., In the direct comparison between the behavior of the isoiadamenho wood substructure and the mixed sretoma, the following improvements are observed in favor of the second: * High mechanical resistance - increasing by more than 30% the maximum load obtained ; Assignment was made by wood and then by glass, attesting to the deformability of the glass on the piano in which it is to be used and the pertinence of its use; * Ductile rapture of the assembly, avoiding fragile behaviors and guaranteeing in the first instance the safety, * Contribution of the glass for the effective twisting of the structure. Dopeis of the collapsed carp sound decreased corm; It has never been easier to grow.

Guimarães, 04 March 2010,

Claims (5)

The glass may be used for the construction of a slab or supporting wall, allowing the glass to function as a structural structure, cataclysmed for being composed of; - a plurality of longitudinally spaced sheets spaced apart by wooden blocks 12; - two glues adhered perpendicularly to the wooden slabs on either side of the substructure through a composite adhesive 8J. Structural panel according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the wooden plates and the blocks constituting the wood structure are scoured through steel brackets which pass through the plates and blocks in a direction perpendicular to the wings, Structural panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocks (2) which they carry out. the spacing between the parallel wooden plates [1], in order to keep the distance between the permanent mills, · be in the number of 3 in each 2 plates, placed one at each end and one at the same time. A structural panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame structure has a ratio of width to length. Structural panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural adhesive [S] is placed in all of the exposed faces of the wood [8] to ridicule the assembly and that it allows the glass to function as a reinforcement. according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the monocomponent structurally adhesive is resistant to ultraviolet radiation and achieves semi-continuous behavior after curing. The panel according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the structural adhesive allows for a bonding glass-bonding rigidity between 5 and 20 kb / mm, in compression tests. Password: according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall [7] of the substrates to be laminated to the glass and to the outside of the single laminated veneer structure, the glass being directly in. contact with the laminated substructure Π1 or the tempered outer glass im < The structural panel according to claim 1, in the case of being used as a wall, may include two sliding windows, one in the inner tube and the other in the outer face [14], placed at the ends of the panel along the entire length of the panel. I am length, both at the same height, of iorm.aa allowed ::: the necessary volumination to the bioclimatic functioning, 10.> g>; -: κ; According to claim 9, characterized in the spans of the structure. on which the windows of the corridors are placed; (4), which are parallel to one another, are arranged on the plates, so as to compensate for the structural structure of the glass, 1.1, Structural panel according to claims 9 and 10; 0. Characterized by being able to include between the parallel plates of the chair snbstratnra stone hangers £ 11] qranulometry sufficient to allow the passage of light and a translucent thermal insulation layer $ 'u · «m together with the windows form the solar system passive in order to opt.lad the energy efficiency of the construction. 12, Structural panel according to. Claim 11, characterized in that the wooden plates have holes (101 for air circulation, 13, a structural panel and in accordance with Reactions 9 to 12). characterized in that it is possible to include an outer metal mesh to run in the form of bristles to promote the natural brilliance resulting from the plaques for loisa; wooden, Structural panel according to claims 9 to 13, characterized in that it can be placed either in a position in or. the parallel wooden boards [1] are arranged horizontally, the wooden blocks acting as pillars, or vertically, the wooden boards acting as pillars. 15. Process of production of the synthesized panel. Claim 1, characterized in that it includes; following steps; The assembly of the wooden structure 5 is provided with steel rods 3 as guides for the plates 1 and d- pre-drilled hole 21; (b) glueing of the inner glass by using adhesive [8] by means of a spray gun, suitable for this purpose on the entire exposed surface of the wood plates; O; pressing the entire surface of the glass 73 by hand or with suitable industrial equipment, the panel being in the horizontal position and fully supported maintains a hard and uniform surface; d) drying for a suitable period, preferably not less than 4 hours; and; collage. of the outer glass 123 by re-attaching the adhesive over the entire exposed surface of the adhesive plates. wood [1.3. 16. A panel production process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a further step of positioning windows, in the inner wall 63 and the other in the outer face 141, which are placed at the ends of the panel along their entire length, both at the same height, by mechanical fastening of the wooden substrate [51-17]. production process of paiae.L, according to the. characterized in that it comprises an additional step of the formation of gypsons and thermal insulation of the exterior glazing of the outer glass [12] - Guimarães, 04 of the year 2010.