EA016598B1 - Composite structure for modular construction - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a modular construction system for making walls (2) that comprises composite construction members (3) to be arranged substantially side by side in the horizontal direction and side by side in the vertical direction. Each member includes two outer and inner vertical surfaces (4, 6) that are parallel to each other. The walls of each member are separated by perpendicular struts (8) and define, together with the latter, cells (10) which are to be filled e.g. with a thermal or acoustic insulating material. The invention also relates to another modular construction system for making walls that comprises composite construction members including a single glue-laminated structure and at least three strut-free layers.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a modular building system for erecting walls, containing prefabricated building elements intended for installation, essentially horizontally and essentially vertically next to each other. Each element contains two longitudinal walls parallel to each other: external and internal. The walls of each element are separated by perpendicular spacers and together with them form hollow spaces or cells intended to be filled, for example, with heat and / or soundproof material.

The invention also relates to a modular building system for erecting walls, including prefabricated building elements containing only one wall without a spacer.

The invention also relates to walls of any type containing at least one part made of a veneered multilayer material (wooden laminate). Such walls can be walls of residential premises: external, supporting or internal partitions. The invention can also be used in the construction of swimming pools, saunas, sound-absorbing walls, etc.

From environmental, economic, as well as aesthetic considerations, the market for building materials for residential buildings has increasingly focused on the construction of wooden structures.

In addition, in the construction market, the demand for the construction of the most thermally insulated houses is increasing in order to reduce their energy intensity.

The user of such facilities wants to live in comfortable, healthy and economical conditions. In addition, he tries to reduce construction costs and assembles the house on his own from prefabricated modular elements. In addition, he wants to be able to plan the layout of technical communications (electricity, heating, water, etc.) regardless of the main construction. In addition, this wiring should be streamlined whenever possible.

To meet these needs, it is proposed to erect modular structures that, through the use of economical and lightweight elements, provide excellent thermal and / or sound insulation under any environmental conditions; simple, quick and easy installation, accessible to non-specialists;

stability of the building under any conditions, in particular resistance to shrinkage; effective protection of the structure from rain and moisture coming from inside the structure; embedding technical boxes in building elements.

State of the art

Such modular designs are known, for example, from document I8 2007/0028558 A1. This document describes a system containing modular structural elements made of wood, each of which consists of two superimposed blocks mounted on side elements, thinner and longer than the blocks, and these side elements are inserted between the two elements forming the wall. In addition, vertical holes are made in the blocks in their center, allowing the connecting rod to be inserted through various structural elements superimposed on one another. The rods allow you to pull together among themselves mounted on top of each other modular structural elements, reaching the desired height of the wall. Modular structural elements are connected to each other by means of a spike-groove connection. The distance between the elements forming the wall is intended for filler and / or technical communications.

Such a building system uses complex structural elements containing many parts, which does not imply either their economical prefabrication or the simple, quick and efficient assembly of modules. In addition, the walls are too thin to guarantee stability when exposed to external factors. In addition, the system does not adequately protect the structure from moisture and shrinkage. In addition, it lacks technical boxes.

It should also be noted that under the pressure of the connecting rods holding the modular structural elements together in one set, these elements are deformed in the central part, which ultimately leads to deformation of the wall, which loses the straightness of the supporting surface.

Finally, this system cannot guarantee the integrity of the structure. Walls lose their tightness also due to the deformation of modular structural elements under the pressure of the rods.

EP 0 744 507 B1 also describes blocks for modular construction. These blocks are connected in a groove in the longitudinal and vertical directions. In the upper part, they additionally contain central cruciform protrusions made with the possibility of landing in the respective cavities of the adjacent block superimposed on it, which ensures their resistance to stresses during transverse bending. Empty intermediate spaces can be filled with insulating material and / or used for the location of technical communications in them.

The manufacture of such blocks remains difficult and requires a large consumption of wood. In addition, empty spaces for insulation and technical communications are too limited. It should also be noted the absence of vertical connecting rods and sealing means.

- 1 016598

The invention described in document EP 0894170 B1 improves on the invention described above and relates to a simpler, but less durable building block, which allows you to place more insulating material. Such blocks contain spacers perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the block and separated by sufficiently large gaps to form large hollow spaces. In addition, the spacers of adjacent blocks located one above the other are interconnected only by protrusions of a small cross section, without providing sufficient resistance to transverse forces.

As a result, these blocks have low shear resistance and can tip over lower struts. In addition, this system does not have any means to ensure air tightness.

EP 1511906 B1 describes wooden building elements of approximately the same plan as the previous ones, but meeting higher requirements, in particular from the point of view of stability, heat and moisture insulation and resistance to adverse weather conditions. To this end, the spacers of adjacent superimposed modular elements are pairwise connected by a metal part superimposed on one of their lateral sides. These measures increase the resistance of the elements to transverse and longitudinal compression forces. To protect the insulating material and the tree from moisture, on the one hand, a vapor barrier is placed in the inner wall of the modular element to prevent moisture from penetrating inside the room into the hollow spaces between the spacers, and, on the other hand, devices are placed in the outer wall to facilitate the removal of moisture out. These measures prevent the accumulation of moisture in the insulating material and thereby protect the modular element from microbiological or chemical decomposition, and the tree from swelling. To protect from the weather, gaskets are placed between the walls of adjacent modular elements.

The disadvantage of the aforementioned metal parts is that they form thermal bridges that remove heat. In addition, there are no spaces for the placement of technical communications. To transfer energy from technical communications into the building, perforation of the vapor barrier is necessary, which is a drawback. Finally, no measures have been taken to prevent the building from shrinking.

The invention described in document XVO 2007/068267 is an improvement on the previous invention in that a space is separated from the insulation for technical communications. This measure allows you to plan the installation of technical communications regardless of the construction of the building itself.

One of the drawbacks of such a technical solution is that this space is obtained at the expense of insulation. In addition, this space requires the installation of separation walls, which, if necessary, must be reinforced to withstand the pressure of bulk insulating material. For this reason, the installation of technical communications can be messy if you do not ensure their separation using individual technical boxes.

The document CH 472555 describes the construction of a country house from glued laminated timber made to a predetermined size. The bars are interconnected at their ends by means of fixing screws. Passages for technical boxes are located in struts. The disadvantages of this design include the lack of a vapor barrier, since the design, which is not modular, does not allow you to install it.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is the creation of a modular building system, which eliminates the disadvantages inherent in the above known technical solutions, and meets the requirements of the market.

The problem is solved in a modular building system for the construction of walls containing prefabricated elements of a modular design. These elements are intended to be mounted substantially horizontally next to each other and substantially vertically next to each other.

Each of these elements contains two longitudinal walls parallel to each other: the outer and inner, of which at least the inner wall consists of several layers and which contain means of connection at their horizontal and vertical ends;

spacers separating the two walls, perpendicular to the walls through gaps connected to the walls and forming hollow spaces for the filler with them;

space for technical communications.

At least the inner wall is a veneered multilayer structure consisting of at least three layers. The veneered multilayer structure consists, in particular, of wooden plates, first dried, sorted and planed, then glued together under high pressure. This method provides the structural elements of the veneered laminated system material in accordance with the present invention with various advantages, such as lightness, high mechanical strength, dimensional stability, very good resistance to temperature and humidity fluctuations, low thermal conductivity and good sound insulation.

- 2016598. The veneered multilayer material used in the invention contains a supporting intermediate layer having high resistance to compression (and, consequently, shrinkage) and dimensional stability when humidity changes. This avoids, for example, shrinkage in the structure, which can lead to jamming of doors or windows.

The above filling can perform several functions (sound insulation and / or thermal insulation, mechanical reinforcement, etc.) or, if necessary, may contain only air. It can also be mixed, i.e. contain substances with different functions.

Preferably, various adjacent elements are interconnected with the installation of gaskets.

In a modular building system in accordance with the present invention, the modular assembly prefabricated element may be a block or slab of different heights, widths and lengths. The length of the elements can reach 18 m. The width of the elements (which corresponds to the wall thickness) can be selected depending on the required insulating effect, i.e. from heat transfer coefficient to.

In a modular building system in accordance with the present invention, it is preferable that the outer layer of the outer wall of the prefabricated element contains a groove forming a water reflector on its lower side, and that the outer layer of the outer wall of the underlying element contains a bevel (weir) on its upper side. These two tools interact with each other, removing rainwater due to its runoff.

Preferably, the spacers of the prefabricated elements have the same structure as at least the inner wall, and occupy essentially the entire cross section of the hollow space of these elements. This improves the stability of the elements.

In a modular building system in accordance with the present invention, the layers located on both sides of the intermediate layer of struts preferably contain fibers directed horizontally, while the intermediate layer contains fibers directed vertically. This combination of layers with intersecting fibers during testing proved extremely stable. Layers with horizontal fibers may contain wood or pressed wood or any other identical or different materials (composite materials, recycled materials, cellular concrete, etc.).

In a modular building system in accordance with the present invention, the spacers of vertically adjacent prefabricated elements are preferably aligned with each other and interconnected by a tongue-and-groove connection.

In a modular building system in accordance with the present invention, the struts of the various prefabricated elements are preferably connected to the walls by a dovetail connection. This method of groove connection allows you to more reliably connect the inner and outer walls of one element, in particular, in the case of a horizontal tensile force acting on the element.

In a modular building system in accordance with the present invention, the outer and inner longitudinal walls of the horizontally or vertically adjacent elements are preferably interconnected by a tongue-and-groove connection or into a tongue and groove.

In a modular building system in accordance with the present invention, the outer and inner longitudinal walls of adjacent elements may be connected by a dovetail joint. This connection method is extremely reliable, in particular when the horizontal tensile forces of the prefabricated prefabricated elements are adjacent to the assembly. The dovetail type connection is preferably carried out using notched grooves, while the grooves of the outer wall are displaced outward, which prevents water from entering the elements and, therefore, moistening the wood and the insulating material.

In a modular building system in accordance with the present invention, the inner and outer layers of the outer wall and inner wall of the elements preferably comprise wood species or pressed wood or any other same or different materials (composites, recycled materials, cellular concrete, etc.). This provides multi-use.

Preferably, the inner and outer layers of each wall contain fibers directed horizontally, while the intermediate layer contains fibers directed vertically. This combination of layers with intersecting fibers was extremely stable during testing. Layers with horizontal fibers can contain wood or pressed wood or any other identical or different materials (composites, recycled materials, cellular concrete, etc.).

In a modular building system in accordance with the present invention, the supporting intermediate wall layer, which resists shrinkage and is highly stable when humidity changes, is preferably made from OSB, i.e. oriented chipboard, or from another pressed wood or from a material with the same mechanical characteristics and with the same hygrometric stability. As the name implies, OSB is a slab of thin, long and oriented chips. They are impregnated with glue, then distributed in several layers, oriented in different directions to optimize the strength and stability of the plate. Then a sheet of wood chips is sintered

- 3 016598 at high temperature and high pressure. This method provides characteristics such as high mechanical strength, high dimensional stability and material density.

In particular, the elements of the rows stacked on top of each other are arranged in a checkerboard pattern so that their spacers are in the same line vertically relative to each other and thereby form cells. Each wall of the element, both external and internal, contains at least two first channels parallel to each other, made with the possibility of entry of connecting rods into them, passing into the corresponding second channels of two underlying elements. Preferably, each spacer comprises at least one channel configured to enter a rod therein for connection with the spacer of the underlying element. This at least one channel of the strut of one element is offset from the channel of the next strut so that the rod can pass into the corresponding channel of the underlying strut.

In particular, the channels for the connecting rods are made in the inner layer of the outer wall and through the intermediate space between the intermediate layer and the inner layer of the inner wall of the elements.

To ensure proper installation of the spacers of one element, they are preferably connected to the walls by an integral connection: the walls contain grooves with two different depths on both sides of the spacers, which alternate from one spacer to another along one wall. The spacers contain corresponding protrusions of different lengths depending on the proximity or distance from the channels for the connecting rods.

The inner wall of the elements may contain vertical channels forming technical boxes. This provides the possibility of distribution in the compartments of technical communications and their orderly installation.

Preferably, the channels for the technical boxes are made in the supporting intermediate layer of the inner wall of the elements. Thus, technical boxes do not occupy a hollow space intended to be filled, for example, with insulating material.

Preferably, the spacers of the elements have an adjustable length. Thus, the coefficient k can be selected by simply adjusting the length of the spacers, which avoids the accumulation of spacers of different lengths in the warehouse.

In the first embodiment of the invention, each of the adjustable spacers contains on both sides of the element two fixed supports installed in each wall and in the center of which an element with drilled holes can move forward, while the connecting pins block the element with holes in the supports at a required distance.

In a second embodiment of the invention, each of the adjustable struts comprises, on both sides of the element, a fixed support mounted in each wall and a central movable hinge element. It can be extended or shortened to obtain the required distance, and then blocked by tightening the hinges.

In a third embodiment of the invention, each of the adjustable struts comprises a threaded rod equipped with nuts and locknuts, which can be moved between two threaded sockets, each of which is fixed to the wall.

Preferably, in the construction system in accordance with the present invention, the inner wall of the prefabricated elements is coated on its outer side with a fourth layer that acts as a vapor barrier or vapor barrier. By placing a vapor barrier or vapor barrier in this place, it provides better continuity. Thus, the insulating material located in the hollow space will be sufficiently protected from spreading and, therefore, from condensation of moisture coming from the inside of the room in order to preserve its heat-shielding properties.

In a building system in accordance with the present invention, the hollow spaces or cells between the walls and spacers of the prefabricated elements are preferably filled with heat-insulating or sound-insulating material containing foam, elements of cellular concrete or atdech, etc., or concrete or mixed material (consisting of different substances with different functions).

The problem is also solved in the wall, at least part of which is performed using the above-described system in accordance with the present invention.

The problem is also solved in a modular building system for making walls containing modular prefabricated building elements intended for installation essentially horizontally next to each other and essentially vertically next to each other. Each element is a veneered multilayer structure consisting of at least three layers, and the intermediate layer is a carrier and has high resistance to compression and dimensional stability when humidity changes. The layers adjacent to the intermediate layer may contain wood or pressed wood or any other identical or different materials (composites, recycled materials, cellular concrete, etc.).

Such a building system can be used, for example, for the construction of garden houses,

- 4 016598 execution of facing walls adjacent to an existing wall, partition walls, etc.

Preferably, the elements of the second building system in accordance with the present invention contain vertical channels forming technical boxes. They are similar to the channels of the first construction system.

The problem is also solved in the wall, at least part of which is performed using the second building system in accordance with the present invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention will be more clear from the further detailed description of its implementation with reference to the drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 is a wall in the process of construction using a building system in accordance with the present invention, a perspective view;

FIG. 2 - prefabricated element, perspective view;

FIG. 3 - two mounted on top of each other element containing on its outer wall a water reflector, a cross-sectional view;

FIG. FOR - a fragment of the image in FIG. 3 on an enlarged scale;

FIG. 4 - prefabricated element, plan view;

FIG. 5 - one-piece connection of spacers, view with a spatial separation of parts;

FIG. 6 - element equipped with connecting rods.

The figures are not to scale. As a rule, similar elements are indicated in the figures by similar positions.

The implementation of the invention

In FIG. 1 shows a wall 2 being constructed by a building system in accordance with the present invention.

Wall 2 contains building elements from a veneered multilayer wood material, located next to each other and one above the other in a checkerboard pattern. Each of the elements 3 contains an outer wall 4 and an inner wall 6 connected by two perpendicular spacers 8. The spacers are installed on the same line vertically and form together with the outer 4 and inner 6 walls of the cell 10.

Each of the walls 4 and 6 has a sandwich structure containing at least a first layer (14A, 14B, 14C), an intermediate layer (16A, 16B, 16C) and a third layer (18A, 18B, 18C).

Walls 4 and 6 are horizontally connected to each other by spacers 8 by means of a dovetail connection, and vertically by a tongue and groove connection (Fig. 3). Spacers 8 are connected vertically by a tongue and groove connection.

In FIG. 2 shows a separate assembly 3.

In FIG. 3 shows two prefabricated prefabricated elements 3.

A groove 12 is formed below the outer layer 14A of the outer wall 4 of the upper element, which acts as a water reflector and interacts with a bevel 13 made on the lower element layer 14A to remove rainwater. Felling grooves 15 A of the intermediate layer 16 A are biased outward to prevent rainwater from entering the outer wall 4. Partial overlapping of the bevel 13 with the layer 14A of the upper element 3 forms a partition 11 (Fig. 3A), which prevents water from entering in gusts of wind.

As shown in FIG. 4, in each wall 4 and 6 two first channels 22A and 22B are made for the rods 24 (not shown). A sealed layer 28 is applied to the entire surface of the outer layer 14B of the inner wall 6, which acts as a vapor barrier or vapor barrier to protect the filler (eg, heat-insulating material) contained in the cells 10 from moisture spread. 26 denotes cylindrical channels forming technical boxes that are not visible from the outside and located in the intermediate layer 16B near the inner surface of the wall 2.

The principle of the permanent connection of the spacers 8 with the walls 4 and 6 is shown in FIG. 5. The protrusions 32A and the grooves 30A are much longer than the protrusions 32B and the grooves 30B, therefore, an error in the assembly of the struts 8 will be detected immediately.

In FIG. 6 shows the first channels 22 A, 22B, and 23 into which the rods are inserted for their subsequent fastening in second channels (not shown) extending the first channels in the underlying elements. Thus, consecutive rows of elements 3 are connected in pairs. This allows you to limit the deformation of the elements under the action of pressure and, therefore, provides better tightness.

The construction system in accordance with the present invention also allows immediately after installation to obtain walls that have a finished look both from the outside and from the inside.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the examples described above and shown in the figures, since only particular embodiments of the invention are described that bear a purely illustrative load and should not be construed as limiting.

Claims (15)

CLAIM 1. A modular building system for erecting walls (2), comprising modular building prefabricated elements (3) intended to be installed essentially horizontally next to each other and essentially vertically next to each other, with each element containing two longitudinal walls parallel to each other (4, 6): external and internal, each of which consists of several layers and contains connection means at its horizontal and vertical ends; spacers (8) separating these two walls (4, 6), perpendicular to the walls through gaps connected to the walls and forming hollow spaces (10) with them with the filler; a space intended for technical communications, wherein at least the inner wall (6) is a veneered multilayer structure consisting of at least three layers (14B, 16B, 18B), the intermediate layer (16B) being carrier and made with high resistance to compression and high dimensional stability when humidity changes, characterized in that the inner wall (6) of the prefabricated elements (3) contains vertical channels (26) forming technical boxes, and the entire outer surface of the inner wall (6) sb The element (3) is covered with a fourth layer (28) that acts as a vapor barrier or vapor barrier. 2. The construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer layer (14A) of the outer wall (4) of the prefabricated element (3) contains on its lower side a groove (12) forming a water reflector, and the outer layer (14 A) of the outer the wall (4) of the downstream element (3) contains a bevel (13) on its upper side, and the groove (12) and the bevel (13) interact with each other, ensuring the removal of rainwater from the wall (4) due to its draining. 3. The construction system according to claim 2, characterized in that the layers of wood (14C, 18C) located on both sides of the intermediate layer (16C) of the spacers contain fibers directed horizontally, and the intermediate layer (16C) contains fibers directed vertically . 4. The construction system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the spacers (8) of the prefabricated elements (3) are inseparably connected to the walls (4, 6) by a dovetail connection. 5. The construction system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outer and inner walls (4, 6) of horizontally or vertically adjacent elements (3) are interconnected by a spike-groove or tongue and groove joint. 6. The construction system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outer and / or inner walls (4, 6) of horizontally adjacent elements (3) are interconnected by a dovetail connection. 7. The construction system according to claim 6, characterized in that the dovetail connection is made by means of notch grooves (15A, 15B), while the grooves (15A) of the outer wall (4) are shifted outward to prevent water from entering the elements (3). 8. The construction system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the inner and outer layers (14A, 18A, 14B, 18B) of each wall (4, 6) contain fibers directed horizontally, and the intermediate layer (16A, 16B ) contains fibers directed vertically. 9. The construction system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the intermediate layer (16A, 16B) of the outer and inner walls (4, 6) is made of OSB or other pressed wood or a material with the same mechanical characteristics and with the same hygrometric stability. 10. The construction system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the prefabricated elements (3) of at least two rows stacked on top of each other are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, so that their struts (8) are on the same vertical line with the formation cells (10). 11. The construction system of claim 10, characterized in that the outer and inner walls (4, 6) of the prefabricated elements (3) of the upper row contain at least two channels (22A, 22B) made with the possibility of entry of connecting rods ( 24) for connecting with the mating walls (4, 6) the elements of the lower row (3), each spacer (8) of the prefabricated elements (3) of the upper row contains at least one channel (23) configured to enter the rod ( 24) for connection with the spacer (8) of the element (3) of the lower row, while in the same precast lemente (3), said at least one channel (23) of one spacer (8) is displaced relative to the channel (23) of another spacer (8). 12. The construction system according to claim 11, characterized in that the channels (26) forming the technical boxes are made in the intermediate layer (16B) of the inner wall (6) of the prefabricated elements (3). 13. A building system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the cells (10) between the walls (4, 6) and the spacers (8) of the elements (3) are filled with heat-insulating or sound-insulating material containing foam, cellular concrete elements or from material atdekh. 14. The construction system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the cells (10) between the walls (4, 6) and the spacers (8) of the elements (3) are filled with concrete or mixed material. 15. Wall, characterized in that at least part of it is made using the system according to any one of claims 1 to 14.