RU2531128C1 - Method of construction of load-bearing wall made from heat-insulating wooden favus bars - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: wall is erected from favus bars, consisting of three wooden walls and lock members perpendicular to them with holes drilled in the centre. Bars stacked on each other are fastened by means of vertical ties, installed in the foundation of building and passing through the transverse wooden walls of bars. Bars are connected by length via installing and gluing the dowels into the end cuts of longitudinal walls. Angle coupling of wooden bars is accomplished by placing part of one bar end, equal to the width of bar, formed by the outer and middle wall, perpendicularly to the sawed out groove of another bar at some distance from its end, and vertical compressor pumping of insulant (ecological cotton wool) is performed after construction of the first and subsequent floors.

EFFECT: increased air-tightness of the wall.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction of low-rise buildings, in particular the construction of wooden buildings, where the walls are erected from wooden beams.

A known method of manufacturing wooden houses, structures, structures (RF patent No. 2250312 dated 09.10.2002, IPC E04B 1/10), including drilling transverse holes in the beams, or logs, or another assortment, threading the beams, or logs, or other assortment transverse screeds, tightening the nuts on these screeds, while the beams, or logs, or other assortment during the assembly of the walls are displaced by two or more relative to the previous beams, or logs, or another assortment with the formation of ledges and depressions, between the beams, or logs, or another sort glue is applied, longitudinal screeds are installed in the grooves and each of them, at which both ends do not extend to the ends of the walls, is connected to one of the transverse screeds, the walls are installed on the foundation, all walls, including intermediate walls and partitions, are connected, compacted joints, while the protrusions of one wall are combined with the hollows of the other wall, the nodes of the house, each wall, the blocks are pressed with longitudinal couplers and nuts to each other, the lateral couplers are passed through the protrusions of the connected walls, with the nuts all the joints are pressed with elastic nuts by force, on the brackets, strung holes on the transverse ties, through the grooves, the floor, ceiling, and roof panels are fixed, in the logs of which vertical holes are made for the screeds, the floor and brackets being supported by bars, logs or other assortment, and the walls are connected with the anchor foundation plate, floor, ceiling, roof are made through elastic elements with transverse couplers or nuts that can move in grooves when drying or moistening the wood.

A known method of wall construction (patent LV 14137, 10/22/2008, IPC E04B 1/26; E04B 1/38; E04B 2/04) from a thermally insulating and supporting wooden beam with double walls, in which a wooden beam with double walls is connected to adjacent double-walled wooden beams and in which the rows of double-walled wooden beams are stacked on top of each other and / or alternating with each other, wherein the joined wooden beams with double walls are connected by a groove of longitudinal walls and / or connecting locks, where the rods whose ends behind incheny and fixed in the foundation of the building, are arranged vertically and pass through the wooden bars, mainly through their transverse walls.

A disadvantage of the known technical solutions is the complexity, high cost, unresolved problems of eliminating cold bridges and ensuring optimal vapor permeability.

The present invention is to provide a method of erecting a load-bearing wall based on a honeycomb beam with triple walls, characterized by increased tightness, environmental friendliness, heat saving, optimal vapor permeability, durability, reducing the construction time and cost of manufacture and installation.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of erecting a load-bearing wall from heat-insulating wooden honeycomb bars includes connecting a wooden honeycomb bar with adjacent wooden beams, in which the wooden beams are stacked on top of each other and are joined along the length by cuts in the longitudinal walls, and the height is fastened using vertical screeds installed in the foundation of the building and passing through the wooden transverse walls of the bars, with the connection along the length of the wooden honeycomb Ruses, consisting of three wooden walls and fixators perpendicular to them with holes drilled in the center, are installed and glued into the end cuts of the longitudinal walls, and the angular connection of wooden beams is carried out by setting the part of the end of one beam equal to the width of the beam formed by the outer to the middle lamella perpendicular to the sawn groove of another bar at a certain distance from its end, and after the construction of the first and subsequent floors, a vertical compressor injection is made Itel - Cellulose Fiber.

The method is as follows. For the construction of the load-bearing wall using a cellular beam, presented in the drawings:

figure 1 is a fragment of a beam (top view);

figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the lamella;

figure 3 - General view of the timber with cavities filled with ecowool;

figure 4 is a General view of the beam with cavities filled with ecowool, with an end wall;

6 is a connection along the length of the hollow honeycomb bars.

A honeycomb bar consists of three lamellas parallel to each other at the same distance, two external 1 and middle 2, connected by transversely arranged wooden clips 3 using the dovetail joint 4 in an adhesiveless manner, the clips being staggered and each lamella in the upper part has The "spike" 5 and in the lower part of the "groove" 6 for the tongue-and-groove connection of the honeycomb bars in height and the slots 7 in the end parts for the keyway connection of the bars in length using the keys 8 and ger metics.

The latches 3 - wooden bars, a thickness greater than the thickness of the lamella, more than 1.5 times.

The latches 3 in the lower part have compensation slots to prevent the occurrence of cracks and deformation (not shown in the drawing).

The location of the latches 3 in a checkerboard pattern between the lamellas 1 and 2 excludes the cold bridges.

Between the parallel slats 1 and 2 and the clamps 3, honeycombs are formed - air cavities that are filled with ecowool insulation 11.

The thickness of the lamellas and the total thickness of the honeycomb bar are selected in such a way that when using ecowool as a filler, the vapor permeability of the honeycomb becomes equal to the vapor permeability of a solid tree.

The ratio n of the thickness of the lamellas of the wooden beam and the distances between them is determined by the formula n = d1: d2, where d1 is the coefficient of vapor permeability of ecowool, and d2 is the coefficient of vapor permeability of the selected wood species.

For example, for pine across fibers:

d2 = 0.05 Mg / (m * h * Pa), d1 = 0.3 Mg / (m * h * Pa), and thus n = 5, i.e. when the thickness of the pine lamella is 30 mm, the thickness of the ecowool layer in the honeycomb cavity is 150 mm, i.e., the ratio of the thickness of the lamellas and the distances between them is n = 1: 5.

The goal of achieving this ratio is to obtain a wall structure that is uniform in vapor permeability, which, in accordance with SNIP (II_3_79, clause 6.4), eliminates the use of additional vapor barrier and excessive moisture accumulation inside the structure in winter.

The density of ecowool is not less than 65 kg / m ³ , which eliminates the subsidence of the insulation over time.

The length of the honey bar is from 0.5 m to 5.90 m.

The external lamella is brushed, which allows you to emphasize the wood pattern and several times reduce the cost of painting the surface, since brushed wood does not require any additional processing before painting.

The triple-walled honeycomb bar has optimal vapor permeability. The thickness of the wood layer and the insulation layer are calculated based on their vapor permeability.

For example, when using ecowool as a heater, a wall representing a “layer cake”: “wood (3 cm) + insulation (15 cm) + wood (3 cm) + insulation (15 cm) + wood (3 cm)” steam, or “breathing,” like a whole tree.

According to the vapor permeability properties, 3 cm of wood are equal to 15 cm of insulation.

Ecowool vapor permeability 0.3 mg / (m * h * Pa).

The vapor permeability of pine and spruce across the fibers is 0.05 mg / (m * h * Pa).

The honeycomb bar may have an end portion 9 when forming the corner connection of the building. In this case, the decorative edge of the end face is made in the production by gluing the end brushed lamellas and external brushed lamellas 1, cut from the inside at an angle of 45 degrees. This ensures both aesthetics and accuracy when assembling the corner joints of the building.

The method of construction of the bearing wall is as follows. The method of construction of the bearing wall is illustrated by the drawings:

5 is a diagram of an angular connection;

6 is a connection along the length of the hollow honeycomb bars;

7 is an angular connection of the constructed load-bearing walls.

Prepare a pile foundation. The screw pile of the foundation is installed 12. The space under the site is covered with expanded clay. Fastening the first crown to the base with the help of fixing bars and metal vertical ties 14.

Fixing bars are installed, 3 holes are drilled in the clamps, vertical galvanized metal screeds are fastened in the strapping bar 14. To fix the screeds, a hole is drilled in the base area through the clamp.

Horizontal laying of the first crown is carried out by stringing on the screed 14 and by attaching to the base platform through the fixing bars.

In subsequent crowns, the latches should coincide, forming vertical ties.

To form a honeycomb beam along the length, two beams in one crown are attached to each other along the length. Moreover, in each of them, at the ends of the abutment, slots 7 are made (2 cm deep, 10 mm wide). The slot 7 is treated with silicone sealant, and a dried wooden key 8 is inserted into it in the form of a parallelepiped 185 mm * 9 mm * 40 mm.

The purpose of this seal is to prevent moisture and wind from entering the joint. Each subsequent crown fits "overlap" (the connection in length goes with a mandatory displacement) by 40-50 cm and is connected to the lower and upper by means of vertical metal ties 14 (rods) through holes in the clips. The rod is made with a diameter of 8 mm and a height of 1 m. Through each meter, the rods are joined by metal couplings. Vertical metal ties 14 pass through the entire wall in each latch 3.

The corner joint of the wall is assembled on a construction site from two fragments of a honeycomb beam.

One fragment of the end 9 with a closed decorative edge. At the same time, the decorative edge of the end face is made in production by gluing the end brushed lamellas and external brushed lamellas 1, cut from the inside at an angle of 45 degrees (pos. 10). This ensures both aesthetics and accuracy when assembling the corner joints of the building. At a certain distance from the end of the first fragment, a groove is cut out on the inner lamella and to the middle lamella with a width equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the inner 1, middle 2 lamella and the cavity between them to install the second fragment.

The second fragment, perpendicular, is installed in the first by excising a part of the timber from the inner lamella to the middle one.

Then all perpendicular joints are strengthened with self-tapping screws 15.

Warming is carried out by an installation that injects ecowool into the cavity of a cellular beam.

The use of ecowool containing cellulose, flame retardants and antiseptics in its composition makes it possible to achieve high thermal insulation and, in addition, high fire resistance of the structure. Ecowool is a hygroscopic material that easily absorbs moisture from the external environment and easily gives it back, which ensures high vapor permeability of the honeycomb bar containing ecowool as a filler. The presence of antiseptic additives in the ecowool improves the biological properties of the product, namely resistance to rodents, fungi, insects.

Significant differences of the proposed method is:

- increasing the tightness, heat-insulating properties and achieving uniform vapor permeability of the constructed wall;

- the use of dowels when joining in length ensures that moisture and wind do not enter the connecting seam;

- ensuring environmental friendliness is ensured by the use of ecowool as a sealant;

- reducing the time and cost of manufacturing and installation;

- providing the possibility of building strong, reliable, durable wooden houses;

- the possibility of building a building without the use of heavy construction equipment;

- no finishing is required, as the external lamellas are processed by brushing, which allows emphasizing the wood pattern.

- ensuring high structural strength.

Uniform vapor permeability is ensured by the calculated choice of the width of the honeycomb beam, the ratio of the thickness of the lamella and the fixatives and the given density of ecowool in the combs, which allows absorbing it in the presence of excess moisture in the room, and giving it in case of insufficiency.

The assembly of the bearing walls can be carried out by two workers due to the simplicity of assembly and the ease of structural elements in a short time and at any time of the year.

The claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty", as from available sources of information not identified technical solutions with the same essential features.

The claimed invention meets the criterion of "inventive step", as it is not obvious to a specialist.

The claimed invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability", as it can be obtained from known means and known methods.

Claims (2)

1. A method of erecting a load-bearing wall of heat-insulating wooden honeycomb beams, comprising joining a wooden honeycomb with adjacent wooden beams, in which the wooden beams are stacked on one another and are joined along the length by cuts in the longitudinal walls, and the height is fastened using vertical ties, installed in the foundation of the building and passing through the wooden transverse walls of the bars, characterized in that the connection along the length of the wooden honeycomb bars, consisting of three the wooden walls and the latches perpendicular to them with holes drilled in the center, are installed and glued into the end cuts of the longitudinal walls, and the angular connection of the wooden beams is carried out by setting the part of the end of one beam equal to the width of the beam formed by the outer and middle lamellas, perpendicular to the sawn groove another bar at a certain distance from its end, and after the construction of the first and subsequent floors, a vertical compressor injection of insulation is produced - ecowool. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the angular connection is fixed with screws.

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