RU2596167C1 - Construction method of using frameless wooden panel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, particularly to methods of construction using frameless wooden panel, designed for implementation of construction of objects for various purposes. Construction is performed using wooden frameless panel made of cut to size parts of passive glued timber, on which polyurethane adhesive is applied, after which parts are assembled in a die for finished panel according to design (with finished openings for windows, doors). Then house is assembled of wall panels and overlapping panels, using connecting elements and mechanical fasteners.

EFFECT: improved operational properties of house due to increased strength and heat-insulating properties.

4 cl, 18 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to methods of construction using a frameless wooden panel, intended for the construction of facilities for various purposes, residential buildings, farm buildings, industrial and agricultural facilities.

Terms used in the description.

A beam is sawn, hewn timber, or an glued bag of lumber, the length of which significantly exceeds the other two dimensions.

A beam is a structural element, usually in the form of a beam, working mainly on bending.

Lamel - a structural detail of a wooden beam, beam or panel, rectangular or curved section, having a significant length in relation to other dimensions (width and height)

Passive glued beam (PCB) - a long building element consisting of two symmetrical parts glued from wooden lamellas, interconnected by a layer of structural insulation. Passive - resistant to heat transfer, having good thermal insulation properties.

Blasting - cutting timber into individual parts of the desired length. When shaving, it is important to obtain the desired length of parts and to prevent the formation of chips at the ends. For this operation, special equipment, such as a miter saw, is used.

Scatter - a temporary part that provides mutual perpendicularity of the planes. In particular, a stable vertical arrangement of the end wall perpendicular to the floor covering. It is a long part, for example a board, rigidly fixed at an angle to the ends of the wall panel and the floor covering panel, forming a triangle - a rigid structure (truss).

The undoubted positive qualities of wooden panel house building are the quick assembly of the structures of the erected object, a high degree of finishing readiness of the structures (or an object that does not require internal and external decoration).

A technical solution is known according to patent RU 2346125 C1, Е04Н 1/02 publ., February 10, 2009, according to which the METHOD FOR INSTALLING CONSTRUCTIONS FROM MULTI-LAYER BUILDING PANELS includes attaching to the foundation a strapping contour from wooden beams, forming grooves in the ends of the wall panels, installing wall panels, so that the bottom groove of the wall panel is worn on the bars of the strapping loop, and the panels are joined together. Before assembly, marking is carried out on the foundation of the line of the strapping contour of the structure, installing anchor bolts along the line of the strapping contour, laying an elastic band element between the anchor bolts and forming a strapping contour from the bars with a length equal to the length of the panels. By attaching to the foundation with an anchor bolt, they cut an elastic band element so that the plane of each cut coincides with the end face of the fixed beam. The installation of wall panels is carried out from the corner of the structure, the second corner panel is connected at right angles to the first panel and the installation of the structure is carried out, sequentially connecting the panels to each other. Using a plumb line, check the deviation of the mounted panel from a vertical position and align the panel end vertically by adjusting the tightening of the anchor bolts. Disadvantage: the frame system has a high complexity, a large number of connecting elements, fasteners.

Known technical solution according to patent RU 2538573 C1, EV 1/02, publ. 01/10/2015, according to which the METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING A QUICK-BUILDING BUILDING is that wall panels and floor panels are made in workshop conditions entirely from unified oriented particle board moisture-resistant plates or moisture-proof plywood connected by glue and screws, and polyurethane or polystyrene foam, preferably placed in the cavity of the panels by spraying, which creates a strong connection of the plates with the filler and high thermal protection, including the joints between the panels. The panels are fastened together by profiled joints with glue and screws, which creates a solid building structure. Installation on screw piles of metal glasses with spacer washers allows you to level the surface of the foundation with high accuracy. The construction of the building consists in the phased assembly of ceilings and walls from numbered panels in design mode. Disadvantage: frame panels are used, the difficulty of attaching the panels to each other, the panel material is not environmentally friendly.

Closest to the claimed is a technical solution according to the patent RU 2400604 C1, EV 1/10, publ. 09/27/2010, in which the METHOD OF MANUFACTURE AND ASSEMBLY OF WOODEN HOUSES, STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURES FROM WOODEN BLOCKS involves the use of wood blocks made according to the claimed method from boards laid and secured in layers at an angle to adjacent layers and to the axis of the block. The blocks are fastened together and with adjacent parts by labyrinth or stepped connections. The finished blocks of the first floor are fastened with the lower and middle crowns and between each other by using adhesives and / or mechanical means, in the blocks cuts are made for windows and doors before or after the installation of wood blocks according to a metric grid previously plotted on the side of the block, or on a dot marking the contours of the window or door on the block. In blocks with more than four layers, at least one of its inner layers is made of heat-insulating, fabric or textured material. To erect the internal walls of the house, its vertical ends are made smooth. Between the layers of the block place the elements of communication at home, and for the manufacture of blocks using a frame template. Disadvantages: complex connections of the panel layers, insufficient strength, insufficient thermal insulation. The wood block used in the prototype as a supporting panel does not have the necessary strength, since the layers are located in a vertical plane perpendicular to the foundation, the wood blocks used are not strong enough, difficult to manufacture, and time-consuming. The quick assembly of the house does not compensate for the complexity of manufacturing wood blocks and the insufficient strength and reliability of their use as a supporting panel, as well as the insufficient thermal insulation properties of wood blocks.

To eliminate these drawbacks, a construction method using a frameless multilayer wood panel is proposed.

The technical problem is a method of constructing a prefabricated house using blocks with improved quality and performance, in particular strength and thermal insulation properties.

To solve this problem, a construction method is proposed with the use of frameless wooden panel blocks as components. Wooden frameless panel - a lightweight frameless multilayer panel consisting of elements of a passive glued beam, glued under pressure in the press. Passive - resistant to heat transfer, having a layer of structural insulation.

In accordance with the project, a panel is made - a finished wall or an overlap of the designed house kit. A standard house kit includes at least two end walls, two longitudinal walls, floor slab, internal (interior) wall, ceiling slab, embedded beam on piles (at least three), rafter system, lathing, roofing.

The panel is made to a predetermined size, for example, of an end wall, from a glued beam with a layer of structural insulation as follows: they make the edge (processing the ends) of the beam to the size of the future panel, glue the finished wall (wall panel) with openings under the windows and / or doors on polyurethane adhesive with the laying of an electric cable, the installation of internal end bars playing the role of a plug, the installation of mounting loops. Mounting loops are installed along the edges of the panels from the end to the bar; made, for example, of textile tape for slings. Each wall panel according to the project is made with predetermined openings for installing windows and doors. The end and longitudinal wall panels are reinforced with posts.

The floor or ceiling panel is made without openings, unless otherwise provided by the project (for example, an interfloor overlap may have an opening for the installation of an interfloor staircase). As a special case, the overlap consists of sections, each of which is a frameless panel with a single maximum size that matches the size of, for example, the end wall, the sections are laid on the embedded beam and fastened to each other and to the embedded beam by mounting plates (for example, from metal perforated tape). Thus, with the help of a frameless panel, floors are made for houses of large area. The end walls, wall panels to racks, floor panels to the embedded beam are fastened with self-tapping screws (for example, Rotoblaas TBS brand).

The ends of the panels are closed by end bars. The fastening of the end bars, wall panels to the racks, floor panels to the embedded beam is carried out by self-tapping screws. During construction, the ends of the wall panels over the end bars are closed with end plates.

When assembling the home kit, the embedded beam is installed on the pile foundation, then the floor slab is attached to the embedded beam with screws, then the wall panels are attached to the embedded beam through the posts using the self-tapping screws, while temporary spacing is used to maintain the vertical position, then the longitudinal walls are mounted to the posts. After mounting the end panels, the longitudinal panels are mounted. The longitudinal panels are also fastened with screws to the posts at the end panels with an interval, for example, after 10-15 cm, to the outer and inner lamellas of glued timber.

The inner panels are fixed with screws from the outside of the longitudinal and end panels through. Interfloor ceilings are also made of frameless floor slabs. Fastening of floor slabs with wall panels is carried out by self-tapping screws to the end bars in the panels. Wall panels of the second floor are installed on the floor panels, longitudinal and transverse wall panels of the second floor are constructed in the same sequence as the first.

The roof is made of ceiling frameless panels. Insulated roof: ceiling panels with screws are attached to the racks in the wall panels. On mounted wall panels, a cranial block and a roofing are laid. Insulated roof: two beams (Mauerlat) are attached to the attic floor from the panels. The rafter system, lathing and roofing are being erected on the Mauerlat from the board.

The advantages of the construction method using a wooden frameless panel:

1. Environmental friendliness. In the manufacture of wooden frameless panels, only environmentally friendly materials of leading domestic and foreign manufacturers are used. All materials are subject to OTC control and have mandatory hygiene certificates.

2. The weight of the structure is facilitated, which has a positive effect on the timing and complexity of installation, and also has a significant impact on cost savings in building a house and transporting panels from the manufacturer to the customer’s site.

3. A modern appearance that does not require additional exterior and interior decoration. A basic set of electrical and other communication networks has already been installed in the walls, openings for windows and doors have been completed, installation has been completed for installing communications, supply and exhaust ventilation, slopes.

4. The speed of assembly. The manufacture of the finished panel in the factory and the subsequent installation of the prefabricated structure on the finished foundation take no more than 14 days.

5. Lightness and high strength. The weight of the average house is 20 tons, which allows you to build a house on any type of soil, pontoons. The design of the frameless panel provides its high strength of use as a supporting structure.

6. Profitability. The panels are made with ready-made openings for windows and doors, which avoids unnecessary raw material costs and significantly reduces the cost of a complete set of finished houses.

The technical result is an improvement in the operational characteristics of the house by increasing the strength and thermal insulation properties.

The technical result is achieved by the method of construction using a wooden frameless panel, including the installation of the foundation, the assembly of panels containing openings for windows and doors, and the laying of communications, characterized in that the panels use frameless wooden panels made of passive glued beams by docking together protrusion-trough so that the insulation layer in the panel is continuous using glue and under the press, before this, the timber is unstained in size, from the ends the panels are closed with the end bar, then the house is assembled by laying the embedded beam on the pile foundation, the floor frameless panels are laid on the embedded beam, then the end wall frameless panels are installed using the racks as connecting elements, then the longitudinal and internal wall panels, then the floor panels, walls the second floor, ceiling overlapping panels, install roofing and roofing, while the rigid connection of the elements is provided by mechanical fasteners ntami. To create an insulated roofing system, ceiling frameless panels are used. As a special case, polyurethane glue is used in the press to glue the frameless wooden panel, and before gluing in the cavity of the beam occupied by the insulation, an electric and / or fiber optic and / or communication cable is laid. Another special case is when self-tapping screws are used to fasten parts of the house kit together.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by the images in FIG. 1-18, where

1 - longitudinal wall panel;

2 - end wall panel;

3 - internal (interior) wall panel.

4 - end block;

5 - rack;

6 - end plate;

7 - fasteners (self-tapping screws);

8 - wooden lamella PKB;

9 - structural insulation PKB;

10 - panel overlap;

11 - mortgage beam;

12 - mounting plate;

13 - braces.

FIG. 1 - Wall layout

FIG. 2 - Wall connection units

FIG. 3 - End wall panel

FIG. 4 - Longitudinal wall panel

FIG. 5 - Internal wall panel

FIG. 6 - PCB beam profile for the manufacture of wall panels

FIG. 7 - Panel overlap

FIG. 8 - Profile of the timber used for the manufacture of floor panels

FIG. 9 - Installation of the embedded beam

FIG. 10 - Mounting units for floor panels

FIG. 11 - Layout of floor panels

FIG. 12 - Installation of end panels on floor slabs

FIG. 13 - Installation of longitudinal wall panels

FIG. 14 - Installation of interior wall panels

Fig - Installation of floor panels

FIG. 16 - The scheme of the device insulated roof

FIG. 17 - Scheme of the device insulated roof

FIG. 18 - End plate

An example implementation.

In accordance with the project, wooden frameless panels are made from which the house will be assembled. They make a dimensioning in the size of the PCB (Fig. 6), while the finished parts are placed in the lock protrusion-depression so that the insulation layer remains continuous, the finished wall is glued in the press with openings on polyurethane adhesive, providing for the laying of an electric cable and other communication cables, for gluing, for example, polyurethane glue is used, gluing is carried out in a press under a pressure of, for example, 2.5 bar, then internal end bars are installed from the side of each end of the panel, fixing their lips by tapping screws at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the panel, thus connecting the end bar and the wooden part of the bar making up the panel. Then install the mounting loops.

For the manufacture of wall panels, a PKB bar is used (Fig. 6), for overlapping (coating) panels, a PKB bar without chamfers is used (Fig. 8).

Manufacturing technology:

- Shaving to PCB size (without chamfers) with optimization of workpieces along the length

- Bonding in the press of floor slabs. The maximum length is 12 meters, width is 1.2-3 meters. When gluing, polyurethane adhesive is used.

- Installation of internal end bars, fastening with screws to the wooden part of the PCB (Fig. 4).

Basic elements: for a frameless panel: PCB with chamfers and without chamfers, internal end block 80 × 100 mm, fasteners (for example, self-tapping screws). It is installed in the ends of the internal and longitudinal panels, as well as the floor panels, attached to the PCB lamellas with self-tapping screws.

End plate (Fig. 18) 40 × 140 mm - closes the ends of the longitudinal panels (Fig. 4, 7), protecting from environmental influences, weather conditions and giving an aesthetic appearance.

Connecting elements - stand (for example, glued profiled beam 90 × 90 mm), are used for fastening the end and longitudinal wall panels

Assembly - construction of a house kit.

The embedded glued beam 11 with a section of 140 × 210 mm up to 12 meters in length is installed on the pile foundation (Fig. 9), then the floor panels 10 are laid, the floor panels are attached to the self-tapping screws 11 to the embedded beam 11.

The assembly of wall panels on the floor panel begins with the installation of the end panels 2. The end panels 2 are fastened to the embedded beam 11 through racks 5 pre-attached to the end panels. Racks 5 using self-tapping screws 7 are attached to the embedded beam 11. To give a vertical position to the end panels, temporary braces 13 are used (Fig. 12)

After the installation of the end panels 2, the longitudinal panels 1 are mounted. The longitudinal panels are also fastened with screws 7 to the posts 5 of the end panels. The inner (interior) panels 3 are fastened with screws from the outside of the longitudinal and end panels through (Fig. 2).

Profiled parts are manufactured on a 4-sided machine:

inner end bar - glued profiled beam 80 × 100 mm,

stand - glued profiled beam 90 × 90 mm,

end strip - glued profiled beam 40 × 140 mm,

embedded beam - glued beam profiled 140 × 210 mm up to 12 m long.

Interfloor ceilings 10 are also made of frameless floor slabs. The fastening of floor slabs with wall panels is carried out by self-tapping screws 7 to the end bars 4 in the panels. Wall panels of the second floor are installed on the floor panels, longitudinal and transverse wall panels of the second floor are constructed in the same sequence as the first.

The roof is made of ceiling panels. Insulated roof: ceiling panels with screws are attached to the racks in the wall panels. On mounted wall panels, a cranial block and a roofing are laid. Insulated roof: two beams (Mauerlat) are attached to the attic floor from the panels. The rafter system, lathing and roofing are being erected on the Mauerlat from the board.

The inventive method of construction provides a high speed of creating objects, including by reducing the weight of the structure. Structures made of wooden frameless panels having high heat-insulating properties, strength as a supporting structure, do not shrink, do not require additional insulation, excluding the technological operation of installing insulation and cladding, thereby reducing construction time and cost.

Claims (4)

1. The construction method using a frameless wooden panel, including the installation of the foundation, the assembly of panels containing openings for windows and doors and the laying of communications, characterized in that the panels use frameless wooden panels made of passive glued beams with a protruding joint a depression so that the insulation layer in the panel is continuous using glue and under a press, before this, the timber is unstretched in size, from the ends of the panel they close with an end bar, Then the house is assembled by laying the embedded beam on the pile foundation, laying the floor frameless panels on the embedded beam, then installing the end wall frameless panels using racks as connecting elements, then the longitudinal and internal wall panels, then the floor panels, the walls of the second floor, and the ceiling panels overlap, install the roof and roofing, while the rigid connection of the elements provide mechanical fasteners. 2. The method of construction using a frameless wooden panel according to claim 1, characterized in that ceilingless frameless panels are used to create an insulated roofing system. 3. The method of construction using a frameless wood panel according to claim 1, characterized in that polyurethane glue is used in the press to glue the frameless wood panel, and before gluing in the cavity of the timber occupied by the insulation, electric and / or fiber optic and / or communication cable. 4. The method of construction using a frameless wooden panel according to claim 1, characterized in that self-tapping screws are used to fasten the parts of the house kit together.

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