RU2576701C1 - Method for construction of prefabricated buildings from panels - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, namely to construction of buildings of multilayer panels, and can be used in panel building construction. Proposed method presupposes that wall panels and floor panels are made in factory conditions of unified waterproof oriented strand boards or waterproof laminboard, timber and boards with rectangular section, interconnected by glue and bolt screws, and of polyurethane or polystyrene, preferably placed inside by spraying, that creates a strong connection of panels with filler and high heat protection, including joints between panels. Panels are attached to each other along profiled butts by glue and bolt screws as well, thus providing strength to the building structure. Installation on screw piles of metal sleeves with padding washers allows to accurately level the surface of the foundation.

EFFECT: construction of the building consists in step-by-step assembly of floors and walls of numbered panels in a construction-kit mode.

1 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the construction, namely the construction of buildings from multilayer panels, and can be used in panel housing construction.

A known method of building a building from finished panels (patent application RU 2012106792, E04B 1/10, published on 08.27.2013), in which typical panels are made with the given parameters: solid walls, wall with door and window openings, floor, ceiling, for the roof. The panels contain a frame of glued wooden beams, having a spike-groove joint profile and an inner lining along the perimeter of the panel. A building box is erected on a pre-prepared foundation, while the panels are connected to each other by means of a rigid bolt connection, the cavities inside the frame panels are filled with heat-insulating material, preferably cellulose wool, and the external panel sheathing is installed.

This method allows you to build buildings in a short time. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the installation design, it requires a large number of manual operations, which does not significantly reduce the construction time.

A known method of mounting structures from multilayer building panels (patent RU 2346125, E04H 1/02, publ. 02/10/2009), in which a strapping loop of wooden beams is attached to the foundation with anchor bolts, grooves are formed on the ends of the wall panels, wall panels are installed so so that the groove is worn on the beam of the strapping loop, the panels are connected to each other starting from the corner of the structure, for which the second corner panel is connected at right angles to the first panel, and the structure is mounted by connecting the panels in series. The panels are fastened together by the upper strapping beam. The panels are made of porous materials: polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene, lined with oriented particle boards.

This method allows you to build buildings in a short time. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the installation design, it requires a large number of manual operations, which does not significantly reduce the construction time.

A known method of building a building using corner panels (patent RU 2457298, E04B 1/10, E04B 1/04, publ. 02/27/2012), adopted as a prototype in which panels are made, including corner. The panels are made of wood by combining several successive layers made of wood with an alternating orientation perpendicular to adjacent layers, thereby giving the panels the desired mechanical properties. The panels perform door and window openings. The side profiles of each panel contain protrusions for coordinated connection with adjacent panels. A horizontal base is prepared and a plurality of panels are attached vertically to it. The installation of the panels begins with the marking of the position of the panels on the base, then the mounting fixtures are installed in the form of corners, then the corner panels are installed, and then the remaining panels are installed between them. The panels are attached to the mounting corners and to each other using self-tapping screws.

This method allows you to build buildings in a short time. The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of mounting the structure, while also requiring a large number of manual operations, which does not significantly reduce the construction time. In addition, the installation of flat panels after installing the corner panels requires very high marking accuracy and, with a slight violation of accuracy, can lead to cracks. In this case, the side profiles of the panels are made curly from a wooden beam, which is subject to deformation from moisture, which creates the prerequisites for the appearance of cracks in the joints of the panels.

The present invention is aimed at solving the problem of creating technologies to reduce the construction time of low-cost housing with high thermal protection and comfort.

The technical result of the invention lies in the development of a method for manufacturing multilayer building panels and building from them according to the principle of a designer of comfortable housing with a construction period of a single building of no more than three days.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that wall panels of three types: flat, angular and T-shaped, form each of a wooden frame and unified (preferably with dimensions of 1250 × 2700 × 12 mm) oriented strands of moisture-resistant boards or of boards of moisture-proof plywood, the space between which are filled with foamed polyurethane or polystyrene, between which the frame is fixed at the edges with glue and screws. For a flat panel, the frame is made of timber and boards, which are interconnected by glue and screws. On the short sides of the flat panel and one long side, the frame is made of a board of rectangular cross-section (preferably with dimensions (75 ± 25) × (150 ± 50) mm), and on the other long side, from a square beam (preferably with dimensions (150 ± 50) × (150 ± 50) mm). In the upper part of the panel, the frame board is placed flush with the plates, in the lower part of the panel, the plates are located below the lower board of the frame (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating a lower groove, in the side of the panel with the frame beam, the beam is placed with a protrusion from the plates ( preferably (75 ± 25) mm), in the side of the panel with the frame board, the plates are positioned further from the frame board (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating a side groove. For a corner panel, the frame is made of bars and boards, which are connected to each other by glue and screws and are fixed between the panel plates along the edges with glue and screws. On the short sides of the corner panel and one long side, the frame is made of a board of rectangular cross-section (preferably with dimensions (75 ± 25) × (150 ± 50) mm), on the other long side of a square beam (preferably with dimensions (150 ± 50) × (150 ± 50) mm), and the angle of the two bars profiled section. In the upper part of the panel, the frame boards are placed flush with the plates, in the lower part of the panel, the plates are located below the lower boards of the frame (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating lower grooves, in the side of the panel with the frame beam, the beam is placed with a protrusion from the plates ( preferably (75 ± 25) mm), in the side of the panel with the frame board, the plates are positioned further from the frame board (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating a side groove. For a T-shaped panel, the frame is made of bars and boards, which are interconnected by glue and screws and are fixed between the panel plates along the edges with glue and screws. On the short sides of the T-shaped panel and one or two long sides, the frame is made of boards of rectangular cross-section (preferably with dimensions (75 ± 25) × (150 ± 50) mm), on the other or two long sides, made of square-shaped bars (preferably with dimensions (150 ± 50) × (150 ± 50) mm), and in the middle part of the square and profiled bars. In the upper part of the panel, the frame boards are placed flush with the plates, in the lower part of the panel, the boards are located below the lower boards of the frame (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating lower grooves, in the side of the panel with the frame beam, the beam is placed with a protrusion from the plate ( preferably (75 ± 25) mm), in the side of the panel with the frame board, the slabs are positioned further from the frame board (preferably (75 ± 25) mm). The floor panels (preferably with dimensions of 1250 × 3750 × 180 ± 50 mm) are made of two types of wooden frames and two unified (preferably with dimensions of 1250 × 3750 × 15 mm) oriented particle boards or of moisture-proof plywood. The frame of the floor panel is made of timber and boards, which are connected to each other by glue and screws, and fixed between the plates of the flat panel at the edges with glue and screws, the space between which is filled with foamed polyurethane or polystyrene. On the short sides of the panel and one long side, the frame is made of boards of rectangular cross-section (preferably with dimensions of (75 ± 25) × (150 ± 50) mm), and on the other long side and in the middle of the panel of a square beam (preferably with dimensions (150 ± 50) × (150 ± 50) mm). In the conditionally upper part of the overlap panel of the first type, the frame board is placed flush with the plates, in the conditionally lower part of the panel of the panel, it is placed below the lower frame board (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating a lower groove, in the side of the panel with the beam of the frame, the beam is placed with a protrusion from the boards (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), in the side of the panel with the frame board, the boards are positioned further from the frame board (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating a side groove. In the conditionally lower part of the panel of overlap of the second type, the frame board is placed flush with the plates, in the conditionally upper part of the panel of the panel they are placed higher than the upper frame board (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating an upper groove, in the side of the panel with the beam of the frame, the beam with a protrusion from the boards (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), in the side of the panel with the frame board, the boards are positioned further from the frame board (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating a side groove. The four panels extreme at the corners of the floor of the building are made with two sides without protrusions and grooves.

Lay the floor panels horizontally on the prepared foundation, attach them to each other with a ledge of the beam in the groove of the adjacent panel and to the foundation with glue and screws.

The guides made of a rectangular section board (preferably with dimensions (75 ± 25) × (150 ± 50) mm) are installed and fastened on the floor panel along the entire perimeter of the location of the wall panels with a gap at the door installation sites, wall panels are installed vertically starting from corner and T-shaped, which are attached to the guide boards with glue and screws, then flat wall panels are installed, which are attached to the corner panels and to each other along the protrusions and grooves and to the guide boards with glue and screws .

Lay the ceiling panels on the installed wall panels, attach them to each other with a ledge of the beam in the groove of the adjacent panel and to the wall panels with glue and screws.

They install wall panels of the second floor or attic panels on the ceiling panels, on which longitudinal logs are flush-mounted, to which roof panels are attached.

At least two cables are pulled over the ceiling panels, which are attached to the foundation on both sides of the house.

To simplify the manufacture of panels, the space between the panels of the panels and the frame is filled by spraying polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene.

If the foundation is made on metal screw piles, to ensure horizontalness of the entire surface of the foundation, metal cups are installed on the upper parts of the screw piles with gasket washers, to the bottom of which metal strips are attached, to which wooden bars of the foundation strapping loop are attached.

In the proposed method, wall panels and floor panels are made entirely of unified oriented particle boards or moisture-proof plywood, interconnected by glue and screws, and polyurethane or polystyrene foam, preferably placed in the cavity of the panels by spraying, which creates a strong connection of the plates with the filler and high thermal insulation , including at the joints between the panels. The panels are also fastened together with glue and screws, which creates a solid building structure. The installation of metal cups with screw washers on screw piles reduces the construction time of the foundation and makes it possible to level the surface of the foundation with high accuracy.

Differences from the prototype prove the novelty of the claimed technical solution, as described in the claims.

The new approach allows us to produce multilayer panels completely from unified oriented particle boards, boards and boards connected by glue and screws, and polyurethane or polystyrene foam, preferably placed in the cavity of the panels by spraying, which allows the formation of typical panels that are interconnected in equal profiles also with glue and screws, which allows you to implement the principle of the designer during the construction of the building and significantly reduce the time and cost of building the building. This confirms the compliance of the method with the condition of patentability "industrial applicability".

The prior art does not know the distinctive essential features of the claimed method, characterized in claims 1-3 of the claims, which confirms their compliance with the condition of patentability "inventive step".

The method is illustrated by drawings, where:

in FIG. 1.a shows a flat wall panel and an overlapping panel of unified oriented particle boards and polyurethane foam with a protrusion on one long side of the panel and grooves located on the lower side and on the other long side of the panel;

in FIG. 1.b shows an angular wall panel with protrusions and grooves;

in FIG. 1.c shows a T-shaped wall panel with protrusions and grooves;

in FIG. 2.a shows a longitudinal section through the flat wall panel of FIG. 1.a;

in FIG. 2.b is a cross-sectional view of the flat wall panel of FIG. 1.a;

in FIG. 2.c shows a cross section through the corner wall panel of FIG. 1.b;

in FIG. 2.d shows a cross section of the T-shaped wall panel of FIG. 1.c;

in FIG. 2. e shows a longitudinal section of the first type of floor panel of FIG. 1.a;

in FIG. 2.e shows a longitudinal section through a second type of floor panel of FIG. 1.a;

in FIG. 2.g shows a cross section of the floor panel of FIG. 2.d;

in FIG. 2.h shows a cross-sectional view of the leftmost floor panel of FIG. 2.d;

in FIG. 2. and shows a cross-section of the right-most overlapping panel of FIG. 2.d;

in FIG. 3.a shows a longitudinal section through a panel with a window opening;

in FIG. 3.b shows a longitudinal section of a panel with a doorway;

in FIG. 4.a shows the layout of the guide boards for wall panels on floor panels.

in FIG. 4.b shows a diagram of the connection of wall panels in the construction of a residential building (section along AA of the diagram in Fig. 5);

in FIG. 5 shows a connection diagram of panels on the side of the building facade in FIG. 4.b (without vestibule);

in FIG. 6 shows a panel connection diagram (section BB in FIG. 5);

in FIG. 7 shows a pile foundation support;

in FIG. 8 shows a fragment of the foundation;

in FIG. 9 shows the strapping of the foundation of the bars.

In FIG. 1.a on a flat wall panel 1, a protrusion 2 is placed on one long side of the panel, a groove 3 on the other long side, a groove 4 on the lower side.

In FIG. 1.b on the corner wall panel 5, the protrusion 2 is located on one long side of the panel, the groove 3 on the other long side, the groove 4 on the bottom side.

In FIG. 1. on the T-shaped wall panel 6, the protrusion 2 is located on one long side of the panel, the grooves 3 on the other long sides, the grooves 4 on the lower side.

In FIG. 2.a, 2.b on the panel 1 are fixed on the frame 7, consisting of boards 8 and timber 9, oriented strand boards 10, fill the space between the frame 7 and the plates 10 with polyurethane foam 11.

In FIG. 2. In the T-shaped wall panel 6, the oriented particle boards 10 are fixed on the frame consisting of boards 8 and boards 9, the space between the frame and the plates 10 is filled with polyurethane foam 11.

In FIG. 2.d on an angular wall panel 5 is fixed on a frame consisting of boards 8 and boards 9, oriented particle boards 10, fill the space between the frame and plates 10 with polyurethane foam 11.

In FIG. 2.d, 2.e, 2.g, 2.z, 2.and on the floor panel 12a, 12b, 12c, 12 g are fixed on a frame consisting of boards 8 and timber 9, oriented strand boards 10 fill the space between the frame and the plates 10 polyurethane foam 11.

In FIG. 3.a, on a panel 13 with a window opening 14, oriented particle boards 10 are fixed on a frame consisting of boards 8 and a beam 9, and the space between the frame and plates 10 is filled with polyurethane foam 11.

In FIG. 3.b on the panel 15 with the doorway 16 is fixed on the frame, consisting of boards 8 and timber 9, oriented chip plates 10, fill the space between the frame and plates 10 with polyurethane foam 11.

In FIG. 4.a on the surface created by the floor panels 12, guide rails 17 for grooves 4 of the wall panels 1, 5, 6 are arranged.

In FIG. 4.b install wall panels 1, 5, 6, 13, 15 along the protrusions 2 and grooves 3 and 4 into the walls of the building and the partition inside the building on the base of the floor panels 12.

In FIG. 5 wall panels 1, 5, 6, 13, 15 are installed on the floor panel 12, which are previously laid on the foundation bars 22. The ceiling panels 12 are placed on the wall panels.

In FIG. 6 insert the protrusion 2 of the panel 1, 5, 6, 12, 13, 15 into the groove 3 of the adjacent panel.

In FIG. 7, a metal cup 19 is put on the top of the screw pile 18. Cushion washers 20 are placed between the pile and the cup. A plate 21 is attached to the top of the cup 19 to which the bar 22 is attached.

In FIG. 8 glasses 19 are installed on piles 18, to the plates 21 of which the foundation bars 22 are attached. On the foundation bars, floor panels 12 are laid.

In FIG. 9, the strapping loop 23 of the foundation is formed on screw piles 18 from wooden beams 22.

The implementation of the method.

Previously, in workshop conditions, flat, angled and T-shaped panels and floor panels are made from unified (preferably 1250 × 2700 × 12 mm) oriented particle boards or moisture-proof plywood and floor panels (Fig. 1.a, 1.b, 1.c, 2.a, 2.b, 2.c, 2.d, 2.d, 2.e, 13, 15, 12.a, 12.b, 12.c, 12.d), characterized by the location of the protrusions, grooves and the presence of window and doorways (Fig. 3.a, 3.b). The panels produce each for its place in the building structure, so all panels are carefully numbered. In the manufacture of panels, frames 7 are first formed from square and profiled bars and boards of rectangular cross section. The plate 10 is attached to the frame with glue and screws on one side and the cavity is filled with foamed polyurethane 11. The plate 10 is attached on the other side. Filling can be done both with foam sheets, connecting it with plates and boxes with glue, and spraying foamed polyurethane (about glue, Internet resource http://www.thermopanel-m.ru/benefits/info/glue-for-panels/, about spraying http://www.uztk.ru/teplo_gidro_izolyuaciya/teplo_izolyaciya/teplo_izolyaciya nap ilenie /).

On several panels with window 13 (Fig. 3.a) and door 15 (Fig. 3.b) openings, window and door fittings (frames, jambs, mounts, etc.) are installed.

At the construction site of the house, metal screw piles 18 are installed (Fig. 7, 8), which are carefully aligned in a horizontal plane with the help of glasses 19 and gasket washers 20. Wooden bars 22 are attached to the plates 21 of the glasses 19 and a strapping loop of the foundation 23 is formed (Fig. 9). On the strapping loop of the foundation 23, floor panels 12 are laid, which are attached to the foundation beams 22 in a known manner, for example using corner fasteners on screws. Composite panels made of two sheets of oriented strand board, and foamed polyurethane specified dimensions can withstand a load of more than 2000 kg / m ² (http://www.pirat007.ru/buildings/articles/5838).

On the installed flooring panels 12, they are installed and attached to the flooring panels 12 around the entire perimeter of the wall panels, except for the places of installation of the panels with the doorway 15, the guides 17 made of a rectangular board (preferably with dimensions (75 ± 25) × (150 ± 50) mm), angular and T-shaped wall panels (5, 6) are installed on the guides 17 on the adhesive, which are additionally attached to the guide boards with screws. The following wall and partition panels 1, 13, 15 are joined with the fixed panels 5, 6 along the protrusions 2 and the grooves 3 and 4 and fixed with glue and screws.

Ceiling panels 12 are installed on the installed wall and partition panels, which are made of specially manufactured plates (preferably with dimensions (1250 × 3750 × 15 mm). Wall panels are attached to the ceiling panels with glue and screws. They are pulled over at least two ceiling panels cables that attach to the foundation on both sides of the house.

The ceiling panels can be installed on the second floor panels or attic panels made according to the proposed technology, on which sandwich panels of a roof of a known design can be laid (with cladding with profiled metal sheet on the outside and metal sheet or oriented chipboard on the inside . http://www.thermopanel-m.ru/benefits/info/roof-sandwich-panels/).

All panels, both wall and floor, can be prefaced in workshop conditions with external coatings on the outside and inside.

After mounting and securing all panels, windows are installed and doors are hung on mounting hardware installed previously in the workshop. Fail electricity and communications. Install the equipment of the bathroom and kitchen. Heating can be performed both water (boiler, pipes, radiators), and electric (underfloor heating). The wiring of electrical and information circuits can be carried out both on external plastic boxes, and on boxes laid previously in wall panels.

The proposed method allows you to quickly, efficiently and inexpensively erect residential buildings with a high degree of thermal protection and comfort. A team of two or three people, having a small crane installation, will assemble in the design mode the building of the proposed design in 2-3 days.

Claims (1)

A method of constructing a prefabricated building in which panels are formed in a factory, including flat, angular, T-shaped wall panels, flat panels with integrated windows and doors, floor panels, attic panels, roof panels, prepare the foundation, install the panels on the foundation characterized in that the wall panels are of three types: flat, angular and T-shaped, each of which is formed from a wooden frame and unified (preferably with dimensions of 1250 × 2700 × 12 mm) oriented-particle moisture hot plates or from moisture-proof plywood boards, the space between which is filled with foamed polyurethane or polystyrene, between which the frame is fixed at the edges with glue and screws, while for a flat panel the frame is made of timber and boards that are connected to each other by glue and screws, the short sides of the panel and one long side of the frame are made of boards of rectangular cross-section (preferably with dimensions (75 ± 25) × (150 ± 50) mm), and on the other long side they are made of square beam (preferably with dimensions (150 ± 50) × (150 ± 50) mm), in the upper part of the panel the frame board is placed flush with the plates, in the lower part of the panel the plates are placed below the lower frame board (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating a lower groove, in the side of the panel with the frame beam, the beam is placed with a protrusion from the plates (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), in the side of the panel with the frame board, the plates are located further from the frame board (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating a side groove; for a corner panel, the frame is made of boards and boards that are connected together by glue and screws and fastened between the panel plates along the edges with glue and screws, while on the short sides of the panel and one long side the frame is made of rectangular boards (preferably with dimensions (75 ± 25) × (150 ± 50) mm), on the other long side - from a square or rectangular beam (preferably with dimensions (150 ± 50) × (150 ± 50) mm), and from an angle - from two bars of a profiled section , in the upper part of the panel of the board the frames are placed flush with casts, in the lower part of the panel, the plates are located below the lower boards of the frame (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating lower grooves, in the side of the panel with the beam of the frame, the beam is located with a protrusion from the plates (preferably (75 ± 25) mm) , in the side of the panel with the board of the frame frame, the plates are placed further from the frame board (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating a side groove, for the T-shaped panel, the frame is made of boards and boards that are connected to each other by glue and screws, and fasten between panels the panels along the edges with glue and screws, while on the short sides Aneli and one or two long sides of the frame are made of boards of rectangular cross-section (preferably with dimensions (75 ± 25) × (150 ± 50) mm), on the other or two long sides are made of square or rectangular bars (preferably with dimensions (150 ± 50) × (150 ± 50) mm), and in the middle part they are made of profiled beams, in the upper part of the panel the frame boards are placed flush with the plates, in the lower part of the panel the plates are placed below the lower boards of the frame (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating lower grooves, in the side of the panel with the beam of frames the beam is placed with a protrusion from the plates (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), in the side of the panel with the frame board, the plates are located further from the frame board (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), floor panels (preferably with dimensions 1250 × 3750 × 180 ± 50 mm) are made of two types of wood frame and two unified (preferably with dimensions of 1250 × 3750 × 15 mm) oriented particle boards or of moisture-proof plywood boards, while the frame of the floor panel is made of timber and boards that connect between with glue and screws, and fasten between the flat plates panels along the edges with glue and screws, the space between which is filled with foamed polyurethane or polystyrene, while on the short sides of the panel and one long side the frame is made of rectangular boards (preferably with dimensions (75 ± 25) × (150 ± 50) mm) and on the other long side and in the middle of the panel - from a square beam (preferably with dimensions (150 ± 50) × (150 ± 50) mm), in the upper part of the floor panel of the first type, the frame board is flush with the plates, in the lower part of the panel positioned below the bottom board of the frame (p preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating a lower groove, in the side of the panel with the beam of the frame, the beam is located with a protrusion from the plates (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), in the side of the panel with the board of the frame frame, they are located further from the board frames (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating a side groove, in the lower part of the floor panel of the second type the frame board is placed flush with the plates, in the upper part of the panel of the panel they are placed above the upper frame board (preferably (75 ± 25) mm) creating the upper groove, in the side of the panel with the beam of the frame, the beam is placed with a protrusion from the plates (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), in the side of the panel with the frame board, the plates are located further from the frame board (preferably (75 ± 25) mm), creating a side groove, with the four panels at the corners of the floor of the building floors are performed without protrusions and grooves on two sides, horizontally floor panels are laid on the prepared foundation, they are fastened to each other with a protrusion in the groove of the adjacent panel and to the foundation with glue and screws, they are installed and attached to the floor panel around the entire perimeter of the wall new panels with a pass at the door installation sites, guides made of rectangular boards (preferably with dimensions (75 ± 25) × (150 ± 50) mm), wall panels are installed vertically starting from corner and T-shaped, which are attached to the guides boards with glue and screws, then flat wall panels are installed, which are attached to the corner panels and to each other along the protrusions and grooves and to the guide boards with glue and screws, the ceiling panels are laid on the wall panels, they are fastened to each other mentioning in the groove of the adjacent panel and to the wall panels with glue and screws, attic panels, roof panels are installed on the ceiling panels, at least two cables are pulled over the ceiling panels, which are attached to the foundation on both sides of the house.

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