RU2494198C1 - Method to erect external wall of building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method to erect an external wall of a building, when first the building carcass is erected, which comprises bearing elements, then carcasses of pole panels are pre-assembled in the horizontal position, the external lining is installed, as well as the non-structural insulant and internal lining, and ends of the bearing elements of the building carcass are filled with the non-structural insulant. The erected wall and board or pole and board building carcass comprises such bearing elements as accordingly vertical walls and boards of slabs or pillars and boards of slabs, and carcasses of adjacent pole panels turned into the vertical position are so installed on the finished building carcass that they protrude outside the carcass, and then the carcasses of adjacent panels are aligned in the horizontal and vertical planes to match them in order to produce a single plane of the wall, besides, the carcasses of adjacent panels are connected to each other by sides with a vertical gap, where a compensating gasket is filled, and they are fixed onto the finished building carcass by fastening elements. Then external lining is mounted onto each panel, and the lining comprises a fireproof air permeable material and horizontally and vertically aligned

-shaped profiles of the crate that follows the panel contour to its sides and protrudes beyond the limits of the upper side of the panel carcass from 1/20 to 1/3 of the panel height, at the same time between sides of the crate near adjacent panels there is a vertical cavity gap, and upper sides of the crate form a horizontal cavity gap at adjacent floors of the building, then a finishing facade layer is suspended to the crate, and outside of the building the non-structural insulant is installed into the thrust to the pole carcass of each panel, at the same time the non-structural insulant of ends of slab, wall and pillar boards is placed in the fireproof air permeable material and rigidly fixed to them by fastening elements, further inside the building the internal lining is placed in the panels, besides, above door and/or window openings there are additional vertically aligned

- profiles of the crate installed.

EFFECT: improved fire resistance, higher reliability, strength, tightness, service life and thermal properties.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, and in particular to methods of erecting multilayer outer walls of residential, public and industrial buildings.

The patent “External multilayer wall of a building and the method of its construction” is known (see RF patent for the invention No. 2335606, IPC E04B 2/88, publ. 10.10.2008), in which the method of erecting an external multilayer wall of a building includes installation of a floor layer of preliminarily manufactured panels, fastening the latter to the building supporting structures with metal ties, sequential installation of an intermediate insulation layer from the inside of the building with the formation of a ventilated air gap and an inner layer. At the same time, the outer panel is attached from the inside of the building simultaneously or sequentially with window blocks to a pre-made metal supporting frame, after which an intermediate insulation layer is installed on a metal mesh fixed to the inside of the decorative panel.

The disadvantage of this method of erecting a multilayer panel is the use in the construction of "wet" processes using cement or other binders.

-образных профилей, при этом обрешетка выполнена заподлицо с контуром панели или выступающей, с жестко закрепленной на ней отделочным фасадным слоем по всей внешней поверхности панели. Направляющие П-образного профиля и ребра С-образного профиля выполнены с формованными углублениями, размещенными друг против друга в местах их пересечения, а в формованных углублениях направляющих П-образного профиля выполнены одно или несколько сквозных отверстий. Внутренняя обшивка панели содержит один или несколько слоев листового материала с расположенной под первым слоем листового материала с внутренней стороны панели пароизоляционной пленкой. По верхней и/или боковым сторонам по контуру панели установлены элементы пожаробезопасного крепления, выполненные в виде Г-образных уголков, каждый из которых расположен за внутренней обшивкой, и при этом одна полка уголка жестко закреплена на С-образном или П-образном профиле, а вторая полка развернута вовнутрь панели и предназначена для анкерного крепления. Нижний П-образный профиль также предназначен для анкерного крепления. В панели выполнены оконные и/или дверные проемы, образованные П-образными и С-образными профилями. Выступающая часть обрешетки соединена со стыковочным уголком. По нижней стороне панели расположена уплотнительная прокладка. По верхней и/или боковым сторонам панели расположена компенсирующая прокладка. Нижние и верхние направляющие и вертикальные ребра имеют заводскую маркировку. В качестве крепежных элементов для профилей применены оцинкованные самонарезающие винты и/или болтовые соединения. В качестве крепежных элементов для обрешетки применены оцинкованные самонарезающие винты. В качестве огнестойкого воздухопроницаемого материала применены негорючий материал из стекловолокна, типа «Изолтекс-НГ», или «Тенд-КМО», или фиброцементные плиты. В качестве огнестойкого воздухопроницаемого материала применены цементно-магниевые плиты с перфорацией, или стальные листы с антикоррозионным покрытием с перфорацией. В качестве внутренней листовой обшивки применены огнестойкие и/или влагостойкие гипсокартонные листы, или стекломагнезитовые листы, или стальные профилированные листы. В качестве материала неконструкционного утеплителя применен базальтовый утеплитель.Known "Multilayer building panel", protected by the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 120118, publ. 09/10/2012, IPC E04C 2/26, owned by the applicants of this method: ZAO Polymetal-M and OAO Trest Gidromontazh. The panel contains an internal frame made in the form of a collapsible frame made of galvanized perforated thermal profiles, consisting of the lower and upper guides of the U-shaped profile with the bends of the edges made in one direction, between which are installed the vertical ribs of the C-shaped profile, located in a row on distance from each other in the longitudinal direction of the guides and rigidly connected with them by means of fasteners. Contains sheet sheathing, and non-structural insulation placed in the inner cavity. The outer skin of the panel surface is made in the form of a fire-resistant breathable material placed on its outer side, adjacent to the vertical ribs of the C-shaped profile, and rigidly pressed by the crate, consisting of horizontal and vertical rigidly interconnected

-shaped profiles, while the crate is flush with the contour of the panel or the protruding one, with a finishing facade layer rigidly fixed on it along the entire outer surface of the panel. The guides of the U-shaped profile and the ribs of the C-shaped profile are made with molded recesses placed opposite each other at their intersections, and one or more through holes are made in the molded recesses of the guides of the U-shaped profile. The inner paneling of the panel contains one or more layers of sheet material with a vapor barrier film located under the first layer of sheet material on the inside of the panel. On the upper and / or lateral sides along the contour of the panel there are installed fireproof fasteners made in the form of L-shaped corners, each of which is located behind the inner lining, while one shelf of the corner is rigidly fixed to a C-shaped or U-shaped profile, and the second shelf is turned inside the panel and is designed for anchoring. The lower U-profile is also designed for anchoring. The panel has window and / or doorways formed by U-shaped and C-shaped profiles. The protruding part of the crate is connected to the docking corner. A gasket is located on the underside of the panel. A compensating gasket is located on the top and / or sides of the panel. The lower and upper guides and vertical ribs are factory marked. As fasteners for profiles, galvanized self-tapping screws and / or bolt joints are used. As fasteners for the battens, galvanized self-tapping screws are used. As a fire-resistant breathable material, non-combustible fiberglass material, such as Isoltex-NG, or Ten-KMO, or fiber cement boards were used. As a fire-resistant breathable material, cement-magnesium plates with perforation, or steel sheets with an anti-corrosion coating with perforation, are used. Fireproof and / or moisture resistant plasterboard sheets, or glass-magnesite sheets, or steel profiled sheets are used as inner sheet cladding. As a material of non-structural insulation, basalt insulation was used.

The design of the multilayer building panel is used to implement the proposed method of erecting the outer wall of the building.

The prototype is the patent "Method for the erection of the outer wall of the building and a multilayer building panel for its implementation" for the invention No. 2440471, IPC E04B 2/26, publ. 01/20/2012, in which the erection of the outer wall of the building is that the frame of the building, which includes columns and floor slabs, is pre-erected. A panel frame pre-assembled in a horizontal position, including a cladding and a vapor-waterproofing membrane, is installed on the finished building frame using fasteners. Then, non-structural insulation and inner skin are mounted to the panel frame in a vertical position, and the multi-layer panel frame is mounted to the building frame in this way that a multilayer building panel during installation protrudes outside the building frame from 1/3 to 1/2 of its thickness. The ends of the floor slabs and columns are laid with insulation and are sewn up with the outer sheathing sheets.

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to circulate air currents that remove moisture from the insulation into the environment, a high level of fire hazard and, as a consequence, low operational capabilities.

The task of creating the claimed invention is to increase operational capabilities by improving fire resistance by compensating for temperature deformations, reliability, strength, tightness, service life and thermal properties.

-образных профилей обрешетки, повторяющей контур панели до боковых ее сторон и выступающей за пределы верхней стороны каркаса панели от 1/20 до 1/3 высоты панели, при этом между боковыми сторонами обрешетки у смежных панелей образован вертикальный пустотный зазор, а верхние стороны обрешетки образуют горизонтальный пустотный зазор на смежных этажах здания, затем на обрешетку навешивают отделочный фасадный слой, а изнутри здания устанавливают в распор стоечному каркасу каждой панели неконструкционный утеплитель, при этом неконструкционный утеплитель торцов плит перекрытий, стен и колонн размещают в огнестойком воздухопроницаемом материале и жестко крепят к ним крепежными элементами, далее изнутри здания в панелях размещают внутреннюю обшивку, причем над дверными и/или оконными проемами устанавливают дополнительные вертикально-ориентированные

- образные профили обрешетки.This is achieved by the fact that according to the method of erecting the outer wall of the building, the building frame is first erected, including load-bearing elements, then the racks of the rack panels are assembled in a horizontal position, the outer skin, non-structural insulation, the inner skin are mounted, and the ends of the load-bearing elements of the building frame are laid with non-structural insulation, according to the invention, the constructed wall-tiled or rack-and-tiled frame of the building contains, respectively, vertical elements as supporting elements walls and floor slabs or columns and floor slabs, and the frames of adjacent rack panels that are deployed in a vertical position are mounted on the finished building frame so that they protrude outside the frame, and then the frames of adjacent panels are checked in horizontal and vertical planes for their combination to form a single plane of the wall, and the frames of adjacent panels are interconnected by the sides with a vertical gap, into which a compensating gasket is laid and fastened to the finished frame of the building elements, then mount an outer skin on each panel, consisting of fire-resistant, breathable material and horizontally and vertically oriented

-shaped profiles of the crate, repeating the contour of the panel to its sides and protruding beyond the upper side of the panel frame from 1/20 to 1/3 of the panel height, while a vertical void gap is formed between the side sides of the crate at adjacent panels, and the upper sides of the crate form horizontal void gap on adjacent floors of the building, then a finishing facade layer is hung on the crate, and non-structural insulation is installed in the strut frame of each panel from the inside of the building, while non-structural the insulation of the ends of the floor slabs, walls and columns is placed in a fireproof breathable material and rigidly fixed to them with fasteners, then inside the panels inside the paneling is placed, and additional vertically oriented windows are installed above the door and / or window openings

- shaped profiles of the crate.

The technical result from the creation of a single plane of the wall of the building in vertical and horizontal positions will allow for further installation to avoid distortions of the outer skin and the facade layer, which will increase their service life.

The technical result of filling the vertical gap of the side surfaces of adjacent panels with a compensating gasket eliminates mounting gaps and compensates for horizontal deformations of the panels during a fire.

The technical result from the creation of vertical and horizontal gaps (gaps) obtained by installing the casing of the outer skin, protruding beyond the upper side of the panel and repeating the contour of the panel along its lateral sides, allows you to evenly distribute the load along the contour of each panel from the weight of the finishing facade layer, increase reliability of its fastening, compensate for temperature deformations in case of fire. The spatial immutability of each panel in two planes is achieved, the overall rigidity of the outer walls of the building frame increases. From the point of view of fire safety: vertical and horizontal hollow gaps on each floor and for each panel can significantly increase the fire resistance of walls.

The technical result of the heater installed in the spacer is to ensure its tight fit to the rack frame of each panel, helps to reduce the possibility of cold air entering the room, which increases the tightness of the building. This installation method makes it possible to avoid getting wet non-structural insulation during work, as well as to control the quality of its laying in the panel, which increases the service life of the wall without losing its thermal properties.

The reinforcement of door and window openings with vertically oriented elements of the lathing of the outer skin is made to increase the fire resistance of the openings, since the spread of the fire flame occurs primarily through the door and / or window openings.

The invention "Method of construction of the outer wall of the building" is illustrated by the following drawings:

Figure 1 - shows a structural diagram of the outer multilayer wall of the building.

Figure 2 - shows a fragment of the facade of two floors of the outer multilayer wall of the building with a crate.

Figure 3 is an axonometric image of the panel.

The method is as follows:

-образных профилей и вертикальных 15

-образных профилей. Сначала производят монтаж огнестойкого воздухопроницаемого материала 13 и горизонтальных

-образных профилей, соединяя их с каркасом 1 панели стальными коррозионностойкими заклепками 16. При этом горизонтальные 14

-образные профили устанавливают вровень с боковыми 6 сторонами каркаса 1 панели, равными длине ее передней стороны. Поэтому на стыке двух каркасов 1 смежных панелей, предварительно установленных с зазором между собой, образуется вертикальный 17 пустотный зазор (промежуток). Далее на горизонтальные 14

-образные профили обрешетки устанавливают вертикальные 15

-образные профили при помощи заклепок 16. При этом высота вертикальных 15

-образных профилей больше высоты передней стороны каркаса 1 панели, и они выступают за пределы верхней 18 стороны каркаса 1 панели от 1/20 до 1/3 его высоты. На каждом этаже вертикальные 15

-образные профили устанавливают отрезками. При таком расположении профилей 14 и 15 обрешетки между боковыми сторонами 6 каркасов 1 смежных панелей образуется упомянутый выше вертикальный 17 пустотный зазор (промежуток), а верхние 18 стороны обрешетки наружной обшивки образуют горизонтальный 19 пустотный зазор (промежуток) на смежных этажах здания. Если вертикальные 15

-образные профили обрешетки наружной обшивки выступают за пределы верхней 18 стороны каркаса 1 панели менее 1/20 ее высоты, то они не закроют торцы плит 5 перекрытия на смежных этажах каркаса здания, а если вертикальные 15

-образные профили обрешетки наружной обшивки выступают за пределы верхней 18 стороны каркаса 1 панели более 1/3 высоты панели, то их размещению помешают оконные блоки 20. При установке же на каркас 1 панели, не имеющий оконных 20 и/или дверных проемов, превышение предела 1/3 высоты панели приведет к возрастанию длины вертикального 15

-профиля, что значительно увеличит трудозатраты на его производство, монтаж и транспортировку к месту сборки. Затем, на вертикальные 15

-образные профили обрешетки навешивают отделочный фасадный слой 21, состоящий из плиток керамогранита, который жестко крепят при помощи крепежных элементов в виде нержавеющих кляммерных пластин 22. Потом, изнутри здания устанавливают в распор каждому стоечному каркасу 1 панели послойно неконструкционный утеплитель 23, выполненный на основе базальтового волокна. Торцы плит 5 перекрытий, стен 9 или колонн 9 закладывают неконструкционным утеплителем 23 на основе базальтового волокна, который размещают в огнестойком воздухонепроницаемом материале 13 из стекловолокна и прикрепляют к ним крепежными элементами в виде тарельчатых дюбелей 24. Над дверными и/или оконными проемами 20 устанавливают дополнительные вертикально-ориентированные 15

-образные профили обрешетки, которые жестко соединяют заклепками 16 с горизонтальными 14

-образными профилями. Далее размещают внутреннюю обшивку, содержащую один или несколько слоев листового материала 25, расположенного в шахматном порядке в виде огнестойких гипсокартонных и гипсоволокнистых листов, с размещенной под первым слоем листового материала 25 с внутренней стороны панели пароизоляционной пленкой 26. Внутреннюю обшивку крепят к каркасу 1 панели изнутри каркаса здания крепежными элементами в виде заклепок 16. Швы между панелями, плитами перекрытий, колоннами и несущими стенами заполняют эластичной мастикой или монтажной пеной.Initially, a frame of a wall-plate type building is being erected, including, as load-bearing elements, walls and floor slabs or a frame of a rack-and-floor type building, consisting of columns and floor slabs. The pre-marked, factory-made, parts of the rack panels 1 are lifted onto the finished frame of each floor of the building, namely the lower 2 and upper 3 guides of the U-shaped profile with bends of edges made in one direction and vertical ribs 4 of the C-shaped profile, of which the frames of 1 rack panels are assembled in a horizontal position, rigidly fixing the thermal profiles to each other with fasteners in the form of galvanized or steel corrosion-resistant self-tapping screws and / or bolt joints. Then, turned upright, two adjacent frames 1 of the rack panels are installed in the opening between the floor slabs 5 so that adjacent panels 1 extend outward of the building frame from 3/8 to 1/2 of their thickness and reconcile the frames of 1 adjacent panels in horizontal and vertical positions to align adjacent planes. If the frames of 1 rack panels protrude outside the building frame less than 3/8 of its thickness, then the likelihood of cold air penetrating when the vertical parts of the panel adjoins the floor slab 5 increases, and if more than 1/2 of the thickness, the fastening strength of the panel 1 frame to the floor slab 5 significantly reduced. The alignment of adjacent rack panels is made to form a single wall plane and is carried out for frame 1 of each adjacent rack panel of each floor, as well as for frame 1 of each rack panel on adjacent floors. Installed and pre-calibrated in two planes, the frames 1 of the panels are interconnected by side 6 sides with a vertical gap, into which a compensating gasket 7 is laid and fixed with fasteners in the form of galvanized or steel corrosion-resistant self-tapping screws 8. At the same time, the frames of 1 panels are rigidly fixed to floor slabs 5 and to supporting walls 9 or columns 9. The lower 2 guide frame 1 of the panel is fastened to the floor slab 5 through an anchor gasket 10 bolts 11, and the fastening of the upper 3 guide rail to the floor slab 5 is carried out with anchor bolts 11 through a compensating gasket 7 and a L-shaped corner 12. The lateral 6 surfaces of the frames 1 of each rack panel are fastened to the supporting walls 9 or columns 9 with rigid anchor bolts 11 through G -shaped corner 12. The use of a sealing gasket 10 for fastening the lower 2 guide of each rack panel to the slab 5 allows: to ensure the tightness of the junction of the panel 1 and plate 5, which reduces the flatness requirements the presence of the slab 5 in the places of installation of the panel and leads to a decrease in the number of additional work and a decrease in the cost of construction; significantly reduces the likelihood of cold air entering the room. The use of a compensating strip 7 for fastening the upper 3 guide of each frame 1 of the rack panel allows: to eliminate mounting gaps, which accordingly increases the tightness of the joint; compensates for uneven deformations that occur on the inner and outer parts of the panel in case of fire. Then, on the outer front wall of the frame 1 of each panel, an outer skin is mounted, made in the form of a fire-resistant breathable material 13 made of fiberglass placed on it, pressed by a crate consisting of horizontal 14

-shaped profiles and vertical 15

-shaped profiles. First, the installation of fire-resistant breathable material 13 and horizontal

-shaped profiles, connecting them to the frame 1 of the panel with steel corrosion-resistant rivets 16. At the same time, horizontal 14

-shaped profiles are installed flush with the side 6 sides of the frame 1 of the panel, equal to the length of its front side. Therefore, at the junction of two frames 1 of adjacent panels pre-installed with a gap between each other, a vertical 17 void gap (gap) is formed. Further on horizontal 14

-shaped crate profiles set vertical 15

-shaped profiles with rivets 16. Moreover, the height of the vertical 15

-shaped profiles are greater than the height of the front side of the panel 1 frame, and they extend beyond the upper 18 side of the panel 1 frame from 1/20 to 1/3 of its height. On each floor, vertical 15

-shaped profiles set in segments. With such an arrangement of the profiles 14 and 15 of the crate between the lateral sides 6 of the frames 1 of adjacent panels, the above-mentioned vertical 17 void gap (gap) is formed, and the upper 18 sides of the casing of the outer skin form a horizontal 19 void gap (gap) on adjacent floors of the building. If vertical 15

-shaped profiles of the outer skin lathing extend beyond the upper 18 side of the frame 1 of the panel to less than 1/20 of its height, then they will not close the ends of the floor slabs 5 on adjacent floors of the building frame, and if vertical 15

-shaped profiles of the outer skin lathing extend beyond the upper 18 side of the panel 1 frame to more than 1/3 of the panel height, then window blocks 20 will interfere with their placement. When installed on the frame 1 panel without window 20 and / or doorways, exceeding the limit 1/3 of the panel height will increase the length of the vertical 15

-profile, which will significantly increase the labor costs for its production, installation and transportation to the place of assembly. Then to vertical 15

-shaped profiles of the crate hang a finishing facade layer 21, consisting of porcelain tiles, which are rigidly fastened with fasteners in the form of stainless clasp plates 22. Then, from the inside of the building, layer-by-layer non-structural insulation 23, made on the basis of basalt, is installed in the strut of each rack frame 1 of the panel fiber. The ends of the floor slabs 5, walls 9 or columns 9 are laid with a non-structural basalt fiber insulation 23, which is placed in a fire-resistant airtight fiberglass material 13 and fastened to them with fasteners in the form of plate-shaped dowels 24. Additional additional openings 20 are installed above the door and / or window openings 20 vertically oriented 15

-shaped profiles of the crate, which are rigidly connected with rivets 16 to horizontal 14

-shaped profiles. Next, an inner lining is placed, containing one or more layers of sheet material 25 staggered in the form of fire-resistant gypsum plasterboard and gypsum fiber sheets, with a vapor barrier film 26 placed under the first layer of sheet material 25 on the inside of the panel. The inner lining is attached to the frame 1 of the panel from the inside the frame of the building with fasteners in the form of rivets 16. The joints between the panels, floor slabs, columns and load-bearing walls are filled with elastic mastic or polyurethane foam.

The invention will find application in construction for the construction of residential, public and industrial buildings.

Claims (1)

The method of erecting the outer wall of the building, which consists in the fact that the frame of the building is initially erected, including the load-bearing elements, then the rack frames are assembled in a horizontal position, the outer skin, non-structural insulation, the inner skin are mounted, and the ends of the load-bearing elements of the building frame are laid with non-structural insulation, characterized in that the constructed wall-tiled or rack-and-tiled frame of the building contains, respectively, vertical walls as supporting elements and floor slabs or columns and floor slabs, and the frames of adjacent rack panels deployed in a vertical position are mounted on the finished frame of the building so that they protrude outside the frame, and then the frames of adjacent panels are checked in horizontal and vertical planes for their alignment to form a single plane walls, and the frames of adjacent panels are interconnected by the sides with a vertical gap into which a compensating gasket is laid and fastened to the finished building frame and the elements then are mounted on each panel outer skin, consisting of fireproof material, and breathable horizontally and vertically oriented

-shaped profiles of the crate, repeating the contour of the panel to its sides and protruding beyond the upper side of the panel frame from 1/20 to 1/3 of the panel height, while a vertical void gap is formed between the side sides of the crate at adjacent panels, and the upper sides of the crate form horizontal void gap on adjacent floors of the building, then a finishing facade layer is hung on the crate, and non-structural insulation is installed in the strut frame of each panel from the inside of the building, while non-structural the insulation of the ends of the floor slabs, walls and columns is placed in a fireproof breathable material and rigidly fixed to them with fasteners, then inside the panels inside the paneling is placed, and additional vertically oriented windows are installed above the door and / or window openings

- profiles of the crate.

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