RU2561135C2 - Retained formwork package, method of its assembly and method of construction of monolithic walls of building and structure in retained formwork of modular elements - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to industrial and civil engineering, namely, to methods of construction of monolithic walls of buildings and structures in a retained formwork. The retained formwork package for construction of walls of buildings, structures, comprises the external and internal formwork panels and the package elements forming the space for filling with concrete mix, and package elements are made from steel formed sections detachably connected among themselves and forming a rigid spatial structure as a modular element fitted with stiffeners and spacers, and the formwork panels are attached to each lateral surface of the spatial structure. The steel formed section is made with C-shaped cross-section of sheet steel with holes on the front plane of the section, and in the stiffeners the holes are made in lateral surfaces, and hole on the front plane of the section and in lateral surfaces of stiffeners are intended for passing of concrete mix, and/or laying of utilities, and/or installation of additional fittings for reinforcing of the structure of erected wall, and the spacers are installed on vertical racks of modular elements of the spatial structure, and stiffeners are fixed on these vertical racks through spacers made of heat and sound insulating material, the modular elements are fabricated with the height equal to the height of aperture of inter-plate flooring. The method of assembly of the spatial structure in the form of modular element of retained formwork and the method of construction of monolithic walls of buildings are also described.

EFFECT: improvement of quality of construction of monolithic walls, improvement of strength and reliability.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of industrial and civil engineering, and in particular to methods of erecting monolithic walls of buildings and structures in fixed formwork, for the construction of walls, partitions, and can be used in monolithic-frame individual construction in the construction of residential, public, industrial and economic facilities.

A known set of fixed formwork and a method of erecting walls of a building, structures with its help according to US patent No. 4622796, class. E04C 1/04, consisting of outdoor and indoor units. The outer block is molded from concrete, and the inner one is actually a brick. The set of fixed formwork also includes metal jumpers, structurally made in two forms. One type is lamellar, having a dovetail shape at one end, and the other wire, also having a dovetail form at one end. On the other end, the jumpers have a bend. The external block made of concrete is made with two through vertical cavities closer to the front part. On its other side, a through vertical groove is made in the form of a ″ dovetail ″.

The method of erecting the walls of a building, structure using the described set of fixed formwork is as follows. First, the foundation is poured, then after it hardens, the first row of outdoor concrete blocks is installed using cement mortar. The last outer block of the first row limits the length of the wall. Then, at a predetermined distance from the first row of external blocks, the first row of internal brick blocks is installed parallel to it using cement mortar. Then each outdoor unit of the first row is fastened with a plate or wire jumper with the internal blocks-bricks of the first row. This is done on the one hand with the lock ″ dovetail ″, introducing the side of the jumper in the form of ″ dovetail ″ in the return groove of the form ″ dovetail ″ of the external concrete block. On the other hand, the curved end of the plate or wire jumper is applied to the upper surface of the internal brick block. After that, in the same way as with the first row of external blocks, with the help of cement mortar, the second row is laid on the first row. The same thing happens with the second row of already internal blocks of bricks. The process of laying and fixing external blocks with internal blocks-bricks continues until the formation of a given wall height. A concrete solution or a solution of heat, sound or waterproofing material is laid in the space between the rows of external concrete blocks and internal blocks of bricks. This is done depending on the purpose of construction of the building, structure, as well as on the climatic zone of construction.

But despite the above advantages of the set of fixed formwork described above, as well as the method of erecting with it the walls of a building, structure, it has an important drawback. This disadvantage lies in the fact that the described method of erecting the walls of a building, structure using the above-mentioned set of fixed formwork requires significant costs for installation work in the construction of fixed formwork. Blocks of fixed prototype formwork are mounted using a solution. In other words, the rows of outdoor and indoor units are erected like ordinary brickwork with all the negative consequences that follow from this: significant laboriousness and cost. In addition, the disadvantage lies in the fact that this method requires significant costs for the finishing work of the walls of the building, structures after their construction. Moreover, after the construction, during the operation of the building, the construction from time to time it is necessary to carry out cosmetic repairs due to the fact that over time the whitewash has crumbled, the paint is peeled off, the plaster lags behind the blocks. All this negatively affects the operation of the building, structure.

A known set of fixed formwork and a method of erecting walls of a building, structure according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2270302, class. E04C 1/00, 2006

A set of fixed formwork for erecting the walls of a building, structure, includes outdoor and indoor units molded from thermoplastic composite and plate jumpers for connecting outdoor and indoor units to each other. In this case, each outdoor and indoor unit is made with a protrusion in the form of a dovetail vertically located on one of the end surfaces and, accordingly, with a return groove in the form of a dovetail to another. The surfaces of the outdoor and indoor units facing each other are made with vertically arranged rows of alternating grooves and protrusions in the form of a dovetail over the entire height of the block. On the upper surface of each block, cavities are made that are open at the top and limited by the side walls, respectively, of the inner side, on the inner and outer sides, on the outer blocks. The depth of the cavities is made not less than the thickness of the lamellar bridges located in them. Lamellar jumpers have holes at the ends for vertically arranged protrusions formed on the cavity side. The height of the protrusions exceeds the depth of the cavity, and on the opposite, lower surface of each block, blind holes are aligned with it. The depth of the blind holes exceeds the height of the protrusions. On the front surface side, the outdoor units are made with a longitudinally chamfered chamfer in its upper part and a longitudinally located protrusion in its lower part to overlap the joint plane below the placed block.

In the method of erecting the walls of a building, structure using the kit of the above fixed formwork, first pour the foundation into which the reinforcement is inserted and fixed. Then, after the foundation has hardened, it is installed and fastened together using a lock ″ dovetail ″ first the first row of outdoor units. After that, at a given distance from them, they parallelly install and fasten together with each other also using the lock ″ dovetail ″ the first row of already indoor units. Next, each row of outdoor and indoor units is fastened together by lamellar jumpers with holes at their ends, while simultaneously fitting them with middle holes on the reinforcement pins. Then, the second row is installed and fastened to the first row of outdoor blocks with the lock “dovetail” by analogy with the first, while simultaneously securing the outer blocks of the second row with the pins of the outer blocks of the first row and the blind holes of the outer blocks of the second row. Then, the second row is installed and fastened to the first row of indoor units with the lock ″ dovetail ’in the same way as the first one, while fixing the internal blocks of the second row using the pins of the internal blocks of the first row and the blind holes of the internal blocks of the second row. Next, the second row of outdoor and indoor units are fastened together by lamellar jumpers with holes at their ends, while simultaneously fitting them with middle holes on the reinforcement pins. After that, fill the inner space of fixed formwork with concrete or foam concrete. Further, similar to installing the second row of indoor and outdoor units, as well as fastening them together with lamellar jumpers, install the indoor and outdoor units of the third, fourth and, possibly, fifth rows. After the described operations, a second pouring of the inner space of these rows with concrete or foam concrete is carried out. These operations of installing rows of indoor and outdoor units, as well as filling the space between them with concrete or foam concrete, are repeated many times until the specified height of the wall of the building, structure is formed.

The use of the proposed set of fixed formwork in construction will reduce labor costs when installing it on the construction site, simplify the installation itself, and the method of erecting the walls of a building, structure using the proposed set of fixed formwork will reduce significant costs for the finishing work of the walls of the building, structures after their construction. Moreover, after construction, during the operation of the building, the building will not be required to carry out cosmetic repairs due to the fact that over time the whitewash has crumbled, the paint is peeled off, the polymer plaster lags behind the blocks, and thus, all this will not adversely affect the operation of the building , facilities. In addition, given that recycled material is used for the manufacture of polymer-sand blocks, this will dramatically reduce the cost and simplify the construction and operation of buildings and structures.

But despite the above advantages of the set of fixed formwork described above and the construction of the walls of the building and structures with its help, it has an important drawback. This disadvantage lies in the fact that the described method of erecting the walls of a building, structure using the said set of formwork requires significant costs for the finishing work of the walls of the building, structures after their construction. Moreover, after the construction, during the operation of the building, the construction from time to time it is necessary to carry out cosmetic repairs due to the fact that over time the whitewash has crumbled, the paint is peeled off, the polymer plaster lags behind the foam polystyrene plates. All this negatively affects the operation of the building, structure.

Known fixed formwork, the method of its assembly and method of construction of monolithic walls of buildings and structures in fixed formwork according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 22448333, class. E04G 11/02, 2005, adopted by the applicant for the prototype.

Separate independent blocks of fixed formwork are manufactured industrially and assembled at a construction site for a given design size. Fixed formwork is made of parallel panels and at least one rigid fastener (rod) placed (when viewed from above) obliquely to the surfaces of the panels. The formwork is equipped with vertical racks with means for attaching panels located on the outer side of the vertical racks along their height. The rigid fastening element performs the function of a loop, is rotatably connected to vertical racks to bring the panels together and is made in the form of a rod, curved in the form of a zigzag with the formation of sections located in plan obliquely to the panel surfaces, and sections in the bend zone of the rod parallel to the panels and covering vertical racks on the outside, and panels of fixed formwork made mesh with horizontal and / or vertical stiffeners.

Mesh panels of fixed formwork can be made of metal mesh (for example, OTs-055 × 1250 tape GOST 19904-90) and secured by means for their fastening on two rows of vertical bearing posts made of galvanized profile with an open box in cross section. The height of the racks can be made up to 6 m.

External panels with internal ones are connected, as a rule, by several rigid fasteners that perform the function of a hinge made of galvanized steel with a special configuration (″ zigzag ″), which allows folding the panels, reducing the space between the external and internal mesh panels. The hinges, as it were, interweave the vertical posts, connecting the rack of one row with the rack of another row, spaced apart by the step between the racks, respectively, while the loop rod is inclined to the flat outer wall of the vertical rack and to the mesh panel (or tangent to it, if the panel is curved). In height, adjacent loops are shifted by a step between the uprights, which provides additional strength for the wall being erected.

A method of assembling a fixed formwork is that the vertical formwork racks are horizontally laid on the assembly stand with a given step so that one row of racks is opposite the other row at a distance equal to the thickness of the concrete wall being erected, after which the vertical racks are connected by rigid fasteners that simultaneously perform the function of the hinges that allow folding the formwork during transportation and push it apart at the construction site at a width equal to the thickness of the wall being erected, the hinges are formed from a rod, bent when zigzag type with straight parallel sections to each other in the area of the zigzag peaks, during assembly, the loop is positioned so that the sections of the rod located inside the formwork are inclined to the mesh panels and (or) to the flat outer walls of the vertical struts, and the straight sections parallel to each other the hinges are placed on the outside of the vertical rack in the means for attaching the mesh panels and loops, after which the mesh panels are hung on the means for attaching the mesh panels and loops and the loops are fixed together with the mesh and panels in the attachment means so that the hinges are rotatable.

Insulating panels can be installed on the mesh panels from the outside or from the inside if necessary.

When installed on a construction site, the panels are moved apart by a loop width equal to the thickness of the wall being erected. Then the space between the panels is poured with concrete mortar.

The erection of a monolithic wall of a building and structure using individual blocks of fixed formwork assembled at the stand is performed as follows.

At the construction site, the mesh panels are extended to a width determined by the parameters of the inclined section of the loop. The hinges in this position perform the function of rigid connections between the mesh panels and the vertical posts along the entire height of the posts with a certain step between them.

The estimated number of fixed formwork blocks is set in the working position along the perimeter of the building under construction (Fig. 1) and the space between the mesh panels is poured with concrete mortar, distributing it evenly throughout the space to the height of the vertical posts.

If it is necessary to increase the height of the walls greater than the height of the formwork block racks, the subsequent rows of fixed formwork blocks are installed on the previous concrete casting rows and each of them is also poured according to the proposed scheme.

To build walls of higher strength or earthquake-resistant around the perimeter walls of a building under construction, the calculated number of additional steel vertical posts connected by reinforcement is erected, the posts are fixed in concrete before the installation of fixed formwork blocks. Then, on the additional vertical racks from above, the finished blocks of fixed formwork are lowered in the working position (the panels are deployed to the thickness of the wall being erected) and the entire space between the panels is poured with concrete mix.

Increasing the height of the walls of the building is performed as described above by installing subsequent rows of formwork blocks after pouring the previous ones.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the heterogeneity of the properties of the monolithic wall, the complexity of the technology, due to the fact that concreting is carried out with interruptions to build up the internal formwork panel, insufficient bearing capacity of the walls. Vertical diaphragms divide the wall into separate cavities and do not allow the installation of reinforcing meshes and frames for the construction of multi-story buildings, that is, the scope of this design of fixed formwork is limited.

Known fixed formwork from mesh profiles according to the patent of the Russian Federation according to patent No. 2375527, class. E04G 11/02, 2009, adopted by the applicant for the prototype. It contains external and internal formwork panels and typesetting elements forming a space for filling with concrete mix, and the typesetting elements are made of steel bent profiles detachably interconnected and forming a rigid spatial structure in the form of a modular element equipped with stiffeners and spacers, and formwork panels attached to each side surface of the spatial structure.

However, the main disadvantage of this formwork is that it does not allow to erect monolithic walls without the operation of building them, namely, for one installation of formwork panels.

The technical task of the invention is the creation of a simple construction of a set of fixed formwork, simple and time-consuming for assembly, both on the stand in an industrial way and, if necessary, on a construction site, while simultaneously allowing the construction of monolithic walls without the operation of building them, and in one installation of formwork panels.

The problem is solved in that the steel bent profile is made of a C-shaped section of sheet steel with holes on the front plane of the profile, and in the stiffening elements, the holes are made on the side surfaces, and the holes on the front plane of the profile and on the side surfaces of the stiffeners are designed for concrete mixtures and / or laying of utility networks, and / or installation of additional fittings to strengthen the construction of the wall being built, and the distanceers are mounted on vertical racks modular x spatial structural elements, and the stiffening elements are mounted on these vertical racks through the spacers, which are made of heat and sound insulating material, the modular elements are made equal in height to the height of the inter-tile floor opening.

In addition, the method of assembling a spatial structure in the form of a modular element of fixed formwork, which consists in the fact that C-shaped steel bent profiles on the stand are assembled with each other in a rigid spatial structure in the form of modular elements, the height of which is comparable with the inter-slab opening, after which vertical racks of a spatial design of modular elements through spacers rigidly fasten stiffeners.

In addition, according to the method of erecting monolithic walls of a building, structures using a fixed formwork kit, the assembled spatial structure of modular elements is mounted on the spacers in the design position between the floors and fixed to the floors in this position, then the external and internal formwork panels are installed to the full height constructed walls and fix them in the design position to the stiffeners of the already installed spatial structure of modular elements, after which through the openings in the ceilings, the inner space is poured, limited by a fixed formwork, light concrete mixture until the specified height of the wall of the building, structure is formed.

The technical result from the use of the proposed technical solution lies in the fact that through the use of a simple set of modular fixed formwork, it became possible to build solid and reliable solid walls efficiently and on time without building them up in stages for one installation of modular elements. And the use of spacers made of heat and sound insulating material allows you to avoid direct contact of the stiffener with the vertical racks of the modular elements of the spatial structure, thereby eliminating the cold bridges between the outer and inner formwork panels and the spatial structure in the form of a modular element, which have a destructive effect on the wall being constructed.

In FIG. 1 shows a set of fixed formwork assembly installed in the design position between the floors, the inner space between the formwork panels is not flooded with concrete;

in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. one;

in FIG. 3 - spatial modular design, assembled from steel bent C-shaped profiles;

in FIG. 4 - stiffener.

in FIG. 5 - a fragment of a monolithic wall, the internal space between the formwork panels and the ceilings is filled with concrete (modular elements are not shown).

The set of fixed formwork for erecting the walls of a building, structure includes the outer 1 and inner 2 formwork panels, which are made of sheet material, and typesetting elements, which together with the formwork panels 1 and 2 form a space for filling with concrete mix.

The typesetting elements are made of steel bent profiles 3, which are detachably connected to each other and form a rigid spatial structure 4. The spatial structure 4 is provided with stiffeners 5 and spacers 6. And a formwork panel is attached to each side surface of the spatial structure 4 through stiffeners 5 and spacers 6 1 and 2. Moreover, the spacer 6 is made of heat and sound insulating material, and the spatial structure 4 is a modular element, from which the wall is assembled in the form of spatial design of the necessary width and configuration.

The bent steel profile 3 is made of a C-shaped section from sheet steel with holes 7 on the front plane 8 of profile 3. And in the stiffening elements 5, holes 9 are made in the side surfaces. Moreover, holes 7 on the front plane 8 of profile 3 and holes 9 in the lateral surfaces of the stiffening elements 5 are made for passing concrete mixture and / or laying engineering networks, and / or installing additional reinforcement to strengthen the structure of the wall being constructed.

Assembly of fixed formwork is as follows.

C-shaped bent profiles 3 are assembled on a stand with each other in a rigid spatial structure 4 in the form of modular elements, the height of which is commensurate with the height of the aperture of the interplate overlap. Then to the uprights 10 of the modular elements of the spatial structure 4 through the spacers 6 fasten the stiffening elements 5, to which formwork panels 1 and 2 are then attached, respectively, outside and inside the building being erected.

The fixed formwork kit is assembled, installed in the design position and ready for the erection of the wall of the building

A monolithic wall of the building is erected, structures using the proposed set of fixed formwork as follows.

Spatial structures 4 assembled in the form of modular elements, installed and fixed through spacers 6 in the design position between the ceilings 11 and 12 with the outer 1 and 2 inner formwork panels and the stiffeners 5 fastened in the design position, form a complete set and ready to be filled with mortar fixed formwork. Then, through the openings 13 in the ceilings 11 and 12, fill the inner space, limited by fixed formwork, light concrete mixture to the formation of a given height of the wall of the building, structure.

Using the proposed technical solution, it was possible to create a modular construction kit of non-removable formwork, simple and not laborious for assembly, allowing to erect monolithic walls without the operation of building them in height, and for one installation of modular elements.

Claims (3)

1. A set of fixed formwork for erecting the walls of a building, structure, including external and internal formwork panels and typesetting elements forming a space for filling with concrete mix, and the typesetting elements are made of steel bent profiles that are detachably interconnected and form a rigid spatial structure in the form of a modular element provided with stiffeners and spacers, and formwork panels are attached to each side surface of the spatial structure, characterized in that the steel bent profile is made of a C-shaped section from sheet steel with holes on the front plane of the profile, and holes in the stiffening elements are made in the side surfaces, and the holes on the front plane of the profile and in the side surfaces of the stiffeners are designed to pass the concrete mixture and / or laying engineering networks, and / or installation of additional fittings to strengthen the structure of the wall being constructed, with the spacers mounted on vertical racks of modular elements of spatial design tion, and the stiffening elements are fixed on these spacers through the uprights, are made of a heat and sound insulation material, the modular elements are made a height equal to the height of the opening interplate overlap. 2. A method of assembling a spatial structure in the form of a modular element of a fixed formwork according to claim 1, which consists in the fact that C-shaped steel bent profiles on a stand are assembled with each other in a rigid spatial structure in the form of modular elements, the height of which is comparable with the height of the inter-plate opening overlap, after which stiffeners are rigidly fixed to the vertical racks of modular elements through spacers. 3. The method of erecting monolithic walls of a building, structure using a set of fixed formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the assembled spatial structure in the form of modular elements is mounted on the spacers in the design position between the floors and fixed to the floors in this position, then the external ones are installed and internal formwork panels to the entire height of the wall being erected and fix them in the design position to the stiffeners of the already installed modular elements, and then through the holes in the per In the enclosures, the internal space is poured, limited by a fixed formwork, light concrete mixture until the specified height of the wall of the building, structure is formed.

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