RU2274711C1 - Enclosing building structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building, particularly to construct outer walls of buildings and building structures.

SUBSTANCE: enclosing structure comprises outer and inner retained form parts connected one to another by coupling members. Inner form space is filled with concrete. Outer form part is made as masonry composed of building expanded polystyrene blocks so that the blocks may be fixedly secured one to another along end surfaces, as well as upper and lower surfaces. The blocks are provided with mechanically strong decorative coating applied on facade block sides. Inner form part is made as single metal frame of profiled iron material.

EFFECT: simplified structure, increased simplicity of wall erection, increased heat insulation and sound proofing properties, reduced labor inputs for building and assemblage job performing, improved building appearance.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of the outer walls of buildings and structures.

Currently, one of the main directions in the construction of exterior fencing of buildings and structures is the use of energy-saving technologies that do not require additional work on thermal insulation and sound insulation of buildings.

A known construction of the outer walls of structures made of cast concrete, containing reusable inner formwork, mounted with the possibility of vertical tier permutation, the outer formwork of the cladding remaining in the structure, while the formwork is fixed between each other with temporary screeds, and the space between them is filled with concrete (RF patent No. 2037611, IPC ⁷ E 04 B 2/84, 1995)

A disadvantage of the known design is the large consumption of materials due to the presence of a sliding formwork and a device for moving it, which complicates the design and its installation.

Closest to the claimed invention are the modular wall structure selected as a prototype, comprising an external and internal non-removable box-like formwork made of polystyrene foam plastic material, including side and end walls spaced apart from one another, defining a cavity for filling concrete. The interval between the side walls is supported by transverse connectors installed all the way into the grooves made on the side walls. On the upper and lower surfaces of the side and end walls, nodes for interconnecting the wall modules in the vertical direction are made (RF patent No. 2081263, IPC ⁷ E 04 B 2/00, 1995).

A disadvantage of the known modular wall design is the complexity of the design and manufacturing technology of the wall being erected due to the use of dimensional formwork elements and the lack of reliable connection between them. Also for this design, it is necessary to carry out works on the decoration of the facade (plastering, chintz brick finishing, etc.) and plastering the internal surfaces of the walls. This increases the complexity and cost of construction, which limits the widespread use of the known modular wall design.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the shortcomings of the modular design of the wall, simplifying the design and technology of the erected walls with high thermal and sound insulation properties, as well as reducing the complexity and cost of construction and installation works, providing a high degree of architectural and design solutions for the appearance of buildings and structures.

To achieve this objective, the building envelope is proposed, containing the outer and inner parts of the fixed formwork for erecting walls, interconnected by tie elements, and the inner formwork space filled with concrete, according to the invention, the outer part of the formwork is made of masonry from polystyrene foam building blocks with mechanically strong decorative coating of the front side, and the inner part of the formwork is made in the form of a single metal frame made of pro of iron, on which sheets of cement-bonded particleboards (DSP) are fixed on the inside of the room, with the tie elements made in the form of L-shaped anchors, the vertical ends of which are fixed in polystyrene foam blocks, and the horizontal ones are passed through the DSP sheets of the inner part of the formwork.

To give strength to the outer part of the wall and prevent leakage of the laid concrete, the blocks are made with the possibility of fixing them on the upper and lower surfaces and hard adhesion to each other by means of a lock connection on the end surfaces.

To give the architecture of the building a high degree of design, the blocks on the front side are textured with decorative concrete or polymer concrete.

To expand technological capabilities and simplify installation, the blocks have the dimensions of a standard silicate brick.

To give strength to the inner part of the formwork, a profile with a channel-shaped section made of rolled galvanized steel is used as elements of the metal frame.

A comparative analysis of the claimed invention with the prototype and other known solutions in the art showed that the set of features described is unknown from the existing level of technology, on the basis of which we can conclude that the technical solution meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty".

When analyzing other well-known technical solutions in the art, the features that distinguish the claimed invention from the prototype were not identified, and the set of features set out should not be explicitly for a specialist from the existing level of technology, which allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step" "

The compliance of the proposed technical solution with the criterion of "industrial applicability" follows from the following example of a specific implementation of the building envelope of buildings and structures.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 shows a General view of the building envelope of buildings and structures filled with concrete;

figure 2 shows a section aa in figure 1;

figure 3 is an axonometric image of a fragment of the building envelope.

The list of positions in the drawing:

1 - foundation;

2 - guide profile;

3 - rack profile;

4 - cement-bonded particleboard (DSP);

5 - self-tapping screw;

6 - building block;

7 - decorative coating;

8 - L-shaped anchor;

9 - a nut with a washer;

10 - concrete.

The enclosing structure consists of the outer and inner parts of the fixed formwork installed on the foundation 1.

In the lower part of the formwork in the area of subsequent concreting, horizontal reinforcing bars were laid along the entire perimeter of the wall (not shown in the drawing). Reinforcement of the structure is carried out in accordance with the project.

The inner part of the formwork consists of frame elements fixed to the floor with a pitch of 600 mm - horizontal (guides) and vertical (rack) profiles 2 and 3 of a channel-shaped section, 0.5-0.7 mm thick.

On the inner side of the frame from the side of the room, cement-bonded slabs (DSP) 4 are installed, fixed to the frame using self-tapping screws 5.

At the design distance from the inner formwork (DSP sheets), the outer part of the fixed formwork is installed, consisting of 6 building blocks, with a decorative coating 7 of the front side, made by molding from solid self-extinguishing polystyrene foam (PPS).

The blocks are fastened to each other by the mechanism of their fixation - dovetail locks on end surfaces, as well as on their upper and lower surfaces.

The wall of the blocks (the outer part of the formwork) is connected to the inner formwork using L-shaped anchors 8. The vertical part of the anchors is fixed in the holes of the blocks 6, and the horizontal part is passed through the sheets 4 of the inner formwork and secured with nuts and washers 9.

The space between the outer and inner parts of the formwork is filled with concrete 10.

The construction of fencing of buildings and structures is as follows.

Mark the design positions of the frame partitions on the foundation and fix the guide profiles 2 of the frame to the floor with dowels in increments of no more than 1 m and install the vertical profiles of 3 frames. Then, low-current electrical wiring is mounted inside the frame and parts are laid for mounting on the partition of stationary equipment.

Install and fix on the inner side of the frame from the premises the sheets of DSP 4 to the height of the floor (using self-tapping screws 5 with a pitch of 25 cm).

They install communications, electrical wiring, metal-plastic pipes for heating, water supply, sewage, etc.

Then proceed to laying blocks 6 of expanded polystyrene at a design distance from the partition from sheets of DSP 4. Laying of blocks 6 is carried out on an adhesive solution for expanded polystyrene with ligation of joints, displacing the upper blocks relative to the lower ones by half the length.

The wall of the blocks (outer formwork) is connected to the inner formwork using L-shaped anchors 8, fixed in blocks 6 every 3-4 rows of masonry.

After this, reinforcement of the interdeck space is carried out, into which concrete 10 is then poured. The concrete is filled to a height of 600-800 mm, the concrete is compacted by vibration or bayonet. For concreting, concrete mixtures with plasticizers and a coarse fraction up to 20 mm are used. The concrete feed rate into the formwork is not more than 15 m ³ / h.

After filling the formwork with concrete, a reinforced concrete wall of design thickness is obtained.

The proposed enclosure in combination with other elements provides:

- spatial rigidity of the entire system;

- a high degree of thermal insulation and sound insulation;

- ease of installation and manufacturability of the design;

- a high degree of architectural and design solutions for the external and internal appearance of buildings and structures;

- low cost and complexity of construction and installation works;

- a wide acceptable range of applications, including construction on permafrost, subsidence soils and in seismic areas with seismicity up to 9 points inclusive, according to fire safety conditions it can be used for the construction of buildings for various purposes, including residential buildings.

Claims (4)

1. The enclosing structure of buildings and structures, containing the outer and inner parts of the fixed formwork for erecting walls, interconnected by coupling elements, and the inner formwork space is filled with concrete, characterized in that the outer part of the formwork is made in the form of masonry of building blocks made of polystyrene foam with the possibility of rigid adhesion them together on the end surfaces, as well as on the upper and lower surfaces and with mechanically strong decorative coating of the front side of the blocks, and the inner part formwork is made in the form of a single metal frame made of profile iron, on which sheets of cement-bonded boards are fixed from the side of the room, and the tie elements are made in the form of L-shaped anchors, the vertical ends of which are fixed in the blocks of the outer part of the formwork, and the horizontal ones - in the sheets of the inner formwork parts. 2. The enclosing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocks on the front side are textured with decorative concrete or polymer concrete. 3. The enclosing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocks have the overall dimensions of a standard silicate brick. 4. The building envelope according to claim 1. characterized in that the elements of the metal frame have a channel-shaped section.

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