WO2010024720A1 - Frame building - Google Patents

Frame building Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010024720A1
WO2010024720A1 PCT/RU2009/000401 RU2009000401W WO2010024720A1 WO 2010024720 A1 WO2010024720 A1 WO 2010024720A1 RU 2009000401 W RU2009000401 W RU 2009000401W WO 2010024720 A1 WO2010024720 A1 WO 2010024720A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
thickness
layer
building
consoles
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2009/000401
Other languages
French (fr)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Сергей Михайлович АНПИЛОВ
Original Assignee
Anpilov Sergej Mikhajlovich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Anpilov Sergej Mikhajlovich filed Critical Anpilov Sergej Mikhajlovich
Priority to EP09810287A priority Critical patent/EP2322730A4/en
Publication of WO2010024720A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010024720A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
    • E04B1/4178—Masonry wall ties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/58—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal
    • E04B2/60—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal characterised by special cross-section of the elongated members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/88—Curtain walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
    • E04B2/7409—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts special measures for sound or thermal insulation, including fire protection
    • E04B2/7412—Posts or frame members specially adapted for reduced sound or heat transmission
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B2001/7679—Means preventing cold bridging at the junction of an exterior wall with an interior wall or a floor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of construction, namely, to frame buildings, and can be used in the construction of buildings with self-supporting walls.
  • Known frame building according to the patent of the Russian Federation N ° 2168590, class. E 04 B 1/18, 5/43, 2001, adopted by the applicant for the prototype. It contains floor slabs, multilayer external walls, including brick and thermal insulation of the middle layer.
  • Each floor slab along the outer perimeter of the building is made with W-shaped consoles, on the ends of which embedded parts are fixed, and the outer layer of the outer wall is placed behind the end of the floor slab and installed on a corner that is rigidly fixed to the embedded parts, the inner layer of the outer plate is made of piece hollow blocks.
  • At least a part of the outer layer of the outer wall is made of brick and reinforced with reinforcement frames, or with individual rods layer-by-layer multiple to the height of the hollow block of the inner layer of the wall, with each reinforcement frame connected to the hollow block by means of a T-shaped plate.
  • the outer wall is made of hollow blocks, the thickness of each block is equal to the thickness of the wall, and the outer edge of the wall
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET placed behind the end of the W-shaped consoles.
  • additional hollow piece blocks are installed to a height equal to the thickness of the floor slab.
  • the space between the W-shaped consoles and the corner, and between the W-shaped consoles and additional hollow blocks, as well as the structural gap between the wall and the bottom of the floor slab are filled, for example, with polyurethane foam.
  • the voids of the hollow blocks are filled with lightweight foam concrete, or, for example, polyurethane foam, with at least part of the horizontal and vertical voids reinforced with reinforcement with anti-corrosion coating.
  • Armokaras are installed in the voids of the hollow blocks and filled with heavy concrete, and on the outer part of the wall a heater is installed, for example, from polyurethane foam, or from polystyrene foam, or from a mineral wool board, with a protective coating.
  • Hollow blocks are made of structural foam concrete, or of expanded clay concrete, or fired ceramic, each hollow block having dividing partitions, in which through holes are made in the center, and two half-holes are made at the upper and lower ends of the partitions.
  • An object of the invention is the creation of structural elements of a frame building that increase the thermal properties of the outer wall, reducing labor costs when installing external walls, regardless of climatic conditions and the time of year of work, namely, the exclusion of “wet processes)) by using a spatial panel, increasing comfort, reliability and bearing capacity of the frame building, reducing the total weight of the building and creating an expressive architectural appearance of the building using modern horr materials and structures.
  • each console is made in the form of a trapezoid, the larger base of which is placed inside the floor slab, and the overhang of the console is no more than the thickness of the outer wall, and the middle layer of the outer wall includes a spatial panel of light thin-walled elements - belts, racks, ties, braces, forming a spatial panel, and the space between the consoles, the inner layer and the facade layer of the outer wall is filled with insulation.
  • the width of the light thin-walled element is equal to the thickness of the outer wall without the thickness of the front and inner layers of the outer wall, the fastening elements of the facade layer, waterproofing, windproof and vapor barrier.
  • the outer wall is mounted on the floor slab, and the spatial panel on 3 A parts of its thickness is placed on the consoles, and at least 1 A part of its thickness is placed on the floor slab.
  • step of placing the racks in the spatial panel is equal to the step of the consoles, and the wall of each light thin-walled element is made with perforation, and the perforation occupies no more than half the width of the wall of the light thin-walled element.
  • the fastening element of the facade layer which is made of piece blocks, is made in the form of an additional rack of a C-shaped profile and an elastic element, the ends of which are not closed and made in the form of grips, with the additional rack connected to the spatial panel, the ends of the C-shaped the profile of the additional strut is bent into the inside of the profile, and the grips of the elastic element are wound behind the bent ends of the C-shaped profile.
  • the elastic element is made in the form of a geometric figure either from a plate or from a bar, and the thickness or diameter of the elastic element is not less than Vg and not more than Vg of the thickness of the masonry seam of piece blocks, and the height of the elastic element is not more than the thickness of the facade layer of the outer wall .
  • FIG. 1 shows a fragment of a building with a prefabricated external wall and a floor slab with consoles
  • FIG. 2 is a view A in FIG. one ; in FIG. 3- connection of the spatial panel and the facade layer of the outer wall made of piece blocks; in FIG. 4- connection of the elastic element with an additional stand of the C-shaped profile; in FIG. 5- elastic element in the form of various geometric shapes.
  • the frame building contains a floor slab 1 with consoles 2 mounted on a column 3, multilayer outer walls resting on the console 2, including the inner layer 4 and the facade layer 5, which, in turn, can also consist of several layers.
  • Each console 2 of the floor slab 1 is made in the form of a trapezoid, the larger base of which is placed inside the floor slab 1, and the extension L of the consoles 2 is no more than the thickness N of the outer wall (L ⁇ N). This configuration of the console 2 reinforces the floor slab 1 and increases the bearing capacity of the console 2 itself, on which the external wall is subsequently mounted.
  • the inner part of the outer wall is made in the form of a spatial panel of light thin-walled elements, consisting of, including: belts 6, racks 7, braces 8, ties that formed this spatial panel.
  • the space between the consoles 2, the inner layer 4 of the outer wall and the facade layer 5 of the outer wall is filled with insulation 9, which can be used, for example, mineral wool, basalt fiber, cellulose insulation, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, etc.
  • a light thin-walled element, for example, a stand 7, or a belt 6, in width B is selected equal to the thickness N of the outer wall, minus the thicknesses: front 5 and inner 4 layers of the outer wall, fasteners made in the form of a fastening profile 10, front layer 5, windproof film, waterproofing 11 and vapor barrier 12 layers made respectively of waterproofing cloth and vapor barrier film.
  • the outer wall due to the lightweight construction of the spatial panel, is installed on floor slab 1, and the spatial panel on 3 A parts of its thickness B is placed on the trapezoidal consoles 2, and on 1 A part of its thickness B is placed on the floor slab 1.
  • the step of placing the racks 7 in the spatial panel of the outer wall is equal to the step of the consoles 2, and the wall of each lightweight thin-walled element included in the spatial panel is made with perforation 13 placed in a “permanent” order, and perforation 13 in width takes no more than half the width of a light thin-walled element. Perforation 13 facilitates an easy thin-walled element, without reducing its rigidity and increases the thermal properties of the structure.
  • Installation of the building is as follows.
  • the building frame is erected, including installing a floor slab 1 with consoles 2 on the columns 3. Then, an external wall is mounted, for which the spatial panel with a belt 6 is laid on the console 2 so that the racks 7 are placed directly on the consoles 2, and it took about 1 A part of the floor slab 1 and 3 A part of the consoles
  • a windproof film and / or waterproofing layer 11 is placed on the spatial panel from the outside and mounting profiles 10 are mounted on which the facade layer 5 of the outer wall is fixed. Then, the inner layer 4 of the outer wall is mounted on the inner side, having previously installed the vapor barrier layer 12. The inner cavity between the inner layer 4 and the facade layer 5 of the outer wall is filled with a heater 9.
  • an element is used to attach the piece blocks 15 to the spatial panel in the form of an additional rack 16 of a C-shaped profile and an elastic element 17, the ends of which are not closed and made in the form of grips, Moreover, the additional rack 16 it is firmly connected to the spatial panel, and the ends of the C-shaped profile are bent into the inside of the profile. At the same time, the grips of the elastic element 17 are wound behind the bent ends of the C-shaped profile, forming a sufficiently rigid connection that reliably holds the masonry of piece elements 15.
  • the elastic element 17 is made in the form of a geometric figure, for example: in the form of a triangle, in the form of the letter "P" or " ⁇ ", from a plate or bar. Moreover, the thickness or diameter d of the elastic element 17 is equal to not less than 1 A and not more than 1 A of the thickness t of the masonry seam 18 piece blocks 15, and the height h of the elastic element 17 is equal to not more than the thickness of the facade layer 5 of the outer wall ( 1 A t ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ A 1).
  • the internal walls and partitions are mounted according to known technology.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to construction engineering, in particular to frame buildings and can be used for constructing building with self-supporting walls. The aim of the invention is to design the structural elements of a frame building which increase the thermophysical parameters of an outer wall and decrease the manpower costs for mounting the outer walls irrespective of weather conditions and season of work, namely, to exclude "wet processes" by the use of a tridimentional panel, to improve the comfort, reliability and the loading capacity of a frame building, to reduce the total weight of the building and to create the expressive architectural look of thereof using modern materials and constructions. The aim is achieved by that each cantilever is in the form of a trapezium, the large base of which is accommodated inside a floor slab and the cantilever span is equal to or less than the thickness of the outer wall, furthermore, the middle layer of the outer wall comprises a tridimentional panel consisting of light thin-walled elements such as belts, posts, links and braces, and a space between the cantilevers, the internal layer and the facade layer of the outer wall is filled with a heat insulating material.

Description

КАРКАСНОЕ ЗДАНИЕ FRAME BUILDING
Изобретение относится к области строительства, а именно, к каркасным зданиям, и может быть использовано при сооружении зданий с самонесущими стенами.The invention relates to the field of construction, namely, to frame buildings, and can be used in the construction of buildings with self-supporting walls.
Известно каркасное здание по патенту Российской Федерации Ж 104371, кл. E 04 В 1/18, 2/28, 1998 г., содержащее плиты перекрытия и многослойные наружные стены в виде внешнего слоя из мелкоштучных изделий, предпочтительно кирпича, толщиной в полкирпича с выступающими внутрь стены контрфорсами, теплоизоляцию среднего слоя стены и внутренний слой стены. Внешний слой стены смонтирован заподлицо с торцом плиты перекрытия, в теле которой в зоне опирания стены параллельно её наружной грани образованы заполненные теплоизоляционным материалом сквозные пазы, причём толщина теплоизоляции превышает длину выступов контрфорсов. В качестве теплоизоляции использован пенополистирол, или минеральная вата, или пенополимергипсовая плита, или пенокартон. В качестве внутреннего слоя могут быть смонтированы гипсовые пазогребневые перегородочные плиты или цементно-песчаные блоки.Known frame building according to the patent of the Russian Federation W 104371, class. E 04 In 1/18, 2/28, 1998, containing floor slabs and multilayer outer walls in the form of an outer layer of small pieces, preferably brick, half a brick thick with buttresses protruding into the wall, thermal insulation of the middle wall layer and the inner wall layer . The outer layer of the wall is mounted flush with the end of the floor slab, in the body of which, through the grooves, the through grooves filled with the insulating material are formed parallel to its outer edge, and the thickness of the thermal insulation exceeds the length of the protrusions of the buttresses. As thermal insulation, polystyrene foam, or mineral wool, or foam-gypsum board, or foam board are used. As the inner layer, gypsum tongue-and-groove partition plates or cement-sand blocks can be mounted.
Недостатками данной конструкции здания являются ненадёжная и недостаточная изоляция стен в месте верхнего примыкания стены к плите перекрытия, ограничение архитектурного оформления фасада здания за счёт горизонтальной разрезки, так как внешний слой смонтирован заподлицо с торцом плиты перекрытия, высокие трудозатраты при устройстве наружных стен из-за нетехнологичности работ с наличием большого количества разных материалов в конструкции стены.The disadvantages of this building design are unreliable and insufficient wall insulation at the place where the wall adjoins the floor slab, limiting the architectural design of the building's facade due to horizontal cuts, since the outer layer is mounted flush with the end of the floor slab, high labor costs when installing external walls due to low-tech works with the presence of a large number of different materials in the wall structure.
Известно каркасное здание по патенту Российской Федерации N°2168590, кл. E 04 В 1/18, 5/43, 2001 г., принятое заявителем за прототип. Оно содержит плиты перекрытия, многослойные наружные стены, включающие кирпич и теплоизоляцию среднего слоя. Каждая плита перекрытия по наружному периметру здания выполнена с Ш-образными консолями, на торцах которых закреплены закладные детали, а внешний слой наружной стены размещён за торцом плиты перекрытия и установлен на уголке, который жёстко закреплён к закладным деталям, внутренний слой наружной плиты выполнен из штучных полых блоков. По крайней мере, часть внешнего слоя наружной стены выполнена из кирпича и армирована армокаркасами, или отдельными стержнями послойно кратно высоте полого блока внутреннего слоя стены, причём каждый армокаркас соединен с полым блоком посредством пластины Т-образной формы. Наружная стена выполнена из полых блоков, толщина каждого блока равна толщине стены, а наружный край стеныKnown frame building according to the patent of the Russian Federation N ° 2168590, class. E 04 B 1/18, 5/43, 2001, adopted by the applicant for the prototype. It contains floor slabs, multilayer external walls, including brick and thermal insulation of the middle layer. Each floor slab along the outer perimeter of the building is made with W-shaped consoles, on the ends of which embedded parts are fixed, and the outer layer of the outer wall is placed behind the end of the floor slab and installed on a corner that is rigidly fixed to the embedded parts, the inner layer of the outer plate is made of piece hollow blocks. At least a part of the outer layer of the outer wall is made of brick and reinforced with reinforcement frames, or with individual rods layer-by-layer multiple to the height of the hollow block of the inner layer of the wall, with each reinforcement frame connected to the hollow block by means of a T-shaped plate. The outer wall is made of hollow blocks, the thickness of each block is equal to the thickness of the wall, and the outer edge of the wall
ЗАМЕНЯЮЩИЙ ЛИСТ (ПРАВИЛО 26) размещён за торцом Ш-образных консолей. Во внешнем слое наружной стены, в плоскости плиты перекрытия, установлены доборные полые штучные блоки на высоту, равную толщине плиты перекрытия. Пространство между Ш-образными консолями и уголком, и между Ш-образными консолями и доборными полыми блоками, а также конструктивный зазор между стеной и низом плиты перекрытия заполнены, например, пенополиуретаном. Пустоты полых блоков заполнены лёгким пенобетоном, или, например, пенополиуретаном, причём, по крайней мере, часть горизонтальных и вертикальных пустот армированы арматурой с антикоррозионным покрытием. В части пустот полых блоков установлены армокаркасы и заполнены тяжёлым бетоном, причём на наружной части стены установлены утеплитель, например, из пенополиуретана, или из пенополистирола, или из минераловатной плиты, с защитным покрытием. Полые блоки выполнены из конструкционного пенобетона, или из керамзитобетона, или из обожжённой керамики, причём каждый полый блок имеет разделительные перегородки, в которых по центру выполнены сквозные отверстия, а по верхнему и нижнему торцам перегородок выполнены по два полуотверстия.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) placed behind the end of the W-shaped consoles. In the outer layer of the outer wall, in the plane of the floor slab, additional hollow piece blocks are installed to a height equal to the thickness of the floor slab. The space between the W-shaped consoles and the corner, and between the W-shaped consoles and additional hollow blocks, as well as the structural gap between the wall and the bottom of the floor slab are filled, for example, with polyurethane foam. The voids of the hollow blocks are filled with lightweight foam concrete, or, for example, polyurethane foam, with at least part of the horizontal and vertical voids reinforced with reinforcement with anti-corrosion coating. Armokaras are installed in the voids of the hollow blocks and filled with heavy concrete, and on the outer part of the wall a heater is installed, for example, from polyurethane foam, or from polystyrene foam, or from a mineral wool board, with a protective coating. Hollow blocks are made of structural foam concrete, or of expanded clay concrete, or fired ceramic, each hollow block having dividing partitions, in which through holes are made in the center, and two half-holes are made at the upper and lower ends of the partitions.
Однако, сооружение конструкции наружной стены данного здания требует повышенных трудовых затрат и не исключает выполнения «мoкpыx пpoцeccoв», повышает вес здания.However, the construction of the outer wall of this building requires increased labor costs and does not exclude the execution of “wet processes”, increases the weight of the building.
Технической задачей изобретения является создание элементов конструкции каркасного здания повышающих теплотехнические свойства наружной стены, сокращающих трудовые затраты при монтаже наружных стен независимо от климатических условий и времени года производства работ, а именно, исключение «мoкpыx процессов)) за счёт использования пространственной панели, повышение комфортности, надёжности и несущей способности каркасного здания, сокращение общего веса здания и создание выразительного архитектурного облика здания с применением современных материалов и конструкций.An object of the invention is the creation of structural elements of a frame building that increase the thermal properties of the outer wall, reducing labor costs when installing external walls, regardless of climatic conditions and the time of year of work, namely, the exclusion of “wet processes)) by using a spatial panel, increasing comfort, reliability and bearing capacity of the frame building, reducing the total weight of the building and creating an expressive architectural appearance of the building using modern Yemen materials and structures.
Поставленная задача решается тем, что в предлагаемом решении каждая консоль выполнена в форме трапеции, большее основание которой размещено во внутрь плиты перекрытия, а вылет консоли равен не более толщины наружной стены, причём средний слой наружной стены включает пространственную панель из лёгких тонкостенных элементов - поясов, стоек, связей, раскосов, образовавших пространственную панель, а пространство между консолями, внутренним слоем и фасадным слоем наружной стены заполнено утеплителем.The problem is solved in that in the proposed solution, each console is made in the form of a trapezoid, the larger base of which is placed inside the floor slab, and the overhang of the console is no more than the thickness of the outer wall, and the middle layer of the outer wall includes a spatial panel of light thin-walled elements - belts, racks, ties, braces, forming a spatial panel, and the space between the consoles, the inner layer and the facade layer of the outer wall is filled with insulation.
ЗАМЕНЯЮЩИЙ ЛИСТ (ПРАВИЛО 26) Кроме того, ширина лёгкого тонкостенного элемента равна толщине наружной стены без толщин фасадного и внутреннего слоев наружной стены, элементов крепления фасадного слоя, гидроизоляционного, ветрозащитного и пароизоляционного слоев.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) In addition, the width of the light thin-walled element is equal to the thickness of the outer wall without the thickness of the front and inner layers of the outer wall, the fastening elements of the facade layer, waterproofing, windproof and vapor barrier.
Кроме того, наружная стена установлена на плите перекрытия, причём пространственная панель на 3A частях своей толщины размещена на консолях, а по меньшей мере, на 1A части своей толщины размещена на плите перекрытия.In addition, the outer wall is mounted on the floor slab, and the spatial panel on 3 A parts of its thickness is placed on the consoles, and at least 1 A part of its thickness is placed on the floor slab.
Кроме того, шаг размещения стоек в пространственной панели равен шагу консолей, а стенка каждого лёгкого тонкостенного элемента выполнена с перфорацией, причём перфорация занимает не более половины ширины стенки лёгкого тонкостенного элемента.In addition, the step of placing the racks in the spatial panel is equal to the step of the consoles, and the wall of each light thin-walled element is made with perforation, and the perforation occupies no more than half the width of the wall of the light thin-walled element.
Кроме того, элемент крепления фасадного слоя, который изготовлен из штучных блоков, выполнен в виде дополнительной стойки из С- образного профиля и упругого элемента, концы которого не замкнуты и выполнены в виде захватов, причём дополнительная стойка соединена с пространственной панелью, концы С- образного профиля дополнительной стойки загнуты во внутрь профиля, а захваты упругого элемента заведены за загнутые концы С- образного профиля.In addition, the fastening element of the facade layer, which is made of piece blocks, is made in the form of an additional rack of a C-shaped profile and an elastic element, the ends of which are not closed and made in the form of grips, with the additional rack connected to the spatial panel, the ends of the C-shaped the profile of the additional strut is bent into the inside of the profile, and the grips of the elastic element are wound behind the bent ends of the C-shaped profile.
Кроме того, упругий элемент выполнен в виде геометрической фигуры или из пластины, или из прутка, причём толщина или диаметр упругого элемента равна не менее Vг и не более Vг толщины кладочного шва штучных блоков, а высота упругого элемента равна не более толщины фасадного слоя наружной стены.In addition, the elastic element is made in the form of a geometric figure either from a plate or from a bar, and the thickness or diameter of the elastic element is not less than Vg and not more than Vg of the thickness of the masonry seam of piece blocks, and the height of the elastic element is not more than the thickness of the facade layer of the outer wall .
На фиг. 1 изображён фрагмент здания со сборной наружной стеной и плитой перекрытия с консолями; на фиг. 2 — вид А на фиг. 1 ; на фиг. 3- соединение пространственной панели и фасадного слоя наружной стены, выполненного из штучных блоков; на фиг. 4- соединение упругого элемента с дополнительной стойкой С- образного профиля; на фиг. 5- упругий элемент в виде различных геометрических фигур.In FIG. 1 shows a fragment of a building with a prefabricated external wall and a floor slab with consoles; in FIG. 2 is a view A in FIG. one ; in FIG. 3- connection of the spatial panel and the facade layer of the outer wall made of piece blocks; in FIG. 4- connection of the elastic element with an additional stand of the C-shaped profile; in FIG. 5- elastic element in the form of various geometric shapes.
Каркасное здание содержит плиту перекрытия 1 с консолями 2, установленную на колонне 3, опирающиеся на консоли 2 многослойные наружные стены, включающие внутренний слой 4 и фасадный слой 5, которые, в свою очередь, могут состоять также из нескольких слоев.The frame building contains a floor slab 1 with consoles 2 mounted on a column 3, multilayer outer walls resting on the console 2, including the inner layer 4 and the facade layer 5, which, in turn, can also consist of several layers.
ЗАМЕНЯЮЩИЙ ЛИСТ (ПРАВИЛО 26) Каждая консоль 2 плиты перекрытия 1 выполнена в форме трапеции, большее основание которой размещено во внутрь плиты перекрытия 1, а вылет L консолей 2 составляет не более толщины N наружной стены (L<N). Такая конфигурация консоли 2 усиливает плиту перекрытия 1 и повышает несущую способность самой консоли 2, на которой в дальнейшем осуществляют монтаж наружной стены .SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Each console 2 of the floor slab 1 is made in the form of a trapezoid, the larger base of which is placed inside the floor slab 1, and the extension L of the consoles 2 is no more than the thickness N of the outer wall (L <N). This configuration of the console 2 reinforces the floor slab 1 and increases the bearing capacity of the console 2 itself, on which the external wall is subsequently mounted.
Для облегчения конструкции здания внутренняя часть наружной стены выполнена в виде пространственной панели из лёгких тонкостенных элементов, состоящей из, в том числе: поясов 6, стоек 7, раскосов 8, связей, образовавших эту пространственную панель. Пространство между консолями 2, внутренним слоем 4 наружной стены и фасадным слоем 5 наружной стены заполнено утеплителем 9, в качестве которого могут быть использованы, например, минеральная вата, базальтовое волокно, целлюлозный утеплитель, пенополистирол, пенополиуретан и т. п..To facilitate the construction of the building, the inner part of the outer wall is made in the form of a spatial panel of light thin-walled elements, consisting of, including: belts 6, racks 7, braces 8, ties that formed this spatial panel. The space between the consoles 2, the inner layer 4 of the outer wall and the facade layer 5 of the outer wall is filled with insulation 9, which can be used, for example, mineral wool, basalt fiber, cellulose insulation, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, etc.
Лёгкий тонкостенный элемент, например, стойку 7, или пояс 6, по ширине В подбирают равным толщине N наружной стены , за вычетом толщин: фасадного 5 и внутреннего 4 слоев наружной стены, элементов крепления, выполненных в виде крепёжного профиля 10, фасадного слоя 5, ветрозащитной плёнки, гидроизоляционного 11 и пароизоляционного 12 слоев выполненные соответственно из гидроизоляционного полотна и пароизоляционной плёнки.A light thin-walled element, for example, a stand 7, or a belt 6, in width B is selected equal to the thickness N of the outer wall, minus the thicknesses: front 5 and inner 4 layers of the outer wall, fasteners made in the form of a fastening profile 10, front layer 5, windproof film, waterproofing 11 and vapor barrier 12 layers made respectively of waterproofing cloth and vapor barrier film.
Наружная стена, благодаря лёгкой конструкции пространственной панели, установлена на плите перекрытия 1, причём пространственная панель на 3A части своей толщины В размещена на трапециевидных консолях 2, а на 1A части своей толщины В размещена на плите перекрытия 1. При этом шаг размещения стоек 7 в пространственной панели наружной стены равен шагу консолей 2, а стенка каждого лёгкого тонкостенного элемента, входящего в пространственную панель выполнена с перфорацией 13, размещённой в «шaxмaтнoм» порядке, причём перфорация 13 по ширине занимает не более половины ширины лёгкого тонкостенного элемента. Перфорация 13 облегчает лёгкий тонкостенный элемент, не снижая его жёсткости и повышает теплотехнические свойства конструкции.The outer wall, due to the lightweight construction of the spatial panel, is installed on floor slab 1, and the spatial panel on 3 A parts of its thickness B is placed on the trapezoidal consoles 2, and on 1 A part of its thickness B is placed on the floor slab 1. At the same time, the step of placing the racks 7 in the spatial panel of the outer wall is equal to the step of the consoles 2, and the wall of each lightweight thin-walled element included in the spatial panel is made with perforation 13 placed in a “permanent” order, and perforation 13 in width takes no more than half the width of a light thin-walled element. Perforation 13 facilitates an easy thin-walled element, without reducing its rigidity and increases the thermal properties of the structure.
Монтаж здания осуществляют следующим образом.Installation of the building is as follows.
Возводят каркас здания, устанавливая в том числе плиту перекрытия 1 с консолями 2 на колонны 3. Затем монтируют наружную стену , для чего пространственную панель поясом 6 укладывают на консоли 2 так, чтобы стойки 7 были размещены непосредственно на консолях 2, и она занимала примерно 1A часть плиты перекрытия 1 и 3A части консолейThe building frame is erected, including installing a floor slab 1 with consoles 2 on the columns 3. Then, an external wall is mounted, for which the spatial panel with a belt 6 is laid on the console 2 so that the racks 7 are placed directly on the consoles 2, and it took about 1 A part of the floor slab 1 and 3 A part of the consoles
ЗАМЕНЯЮЩИЙ ЛИСТ (ПРАВИЛО 26) 2, предварительно подложив под пространственную панель гидротеплоизоляционную прокладку 14.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 2, pre-laying under the spatial panel a thermal insulation gasket 14.
После этого на пространственной панели с наружной стороны размещают ветрозащитную плёнку и/или гидроизоляционный слой 11 и устанавливают крепёжные профили 10, на которые крепят фасадный слой 5 наружной стены. Потом монтируют с внутренней стороны внутренний слой 4 наружной стены, предварительно установив пароизоляционный слой 12. Внутреннюю полость между внутренним слоем 4 и фасадным слоем 5 наружной стены заполняют утеплителем 9.After that, a windproof film and / or waterproofing layer 11 is placed on the spatial panel from the outside and mounting profiles 10 are mounted on which the facade layer 5 of the outer wall is fixed. Then, the inner layer 4 of the outer wall is mounted on the inner side, having previously installed the vapor barrier layer 12. The inner cavity between the inner layer 4 and the facade layer 5 of the outer wall is filled with a heater 9.
В случае изготовления фасадного слоя 5, включающего штучные блоки 15, используют элемент крепления штучных блоков 15 к пространственной панели в виде дополнительной стойки 16 из С- образного профиля и упругого элемента 17, концы которого не замкнуты и выполнены в виде захватов, Причём дополнительная стойка 16 жёстко соединена с пространственной панелью, а концы С- образного профиля загнуты во внутрь профиля. При этом захваты упругого элемента 17 заведены за загнутые концы C- образного профиля, образуя достаточно жёсткое соединение, надёжно удерживающее кладку из штучных элементов 15.In the case of the manufacture of the facade layer 5, which includes piece blocks 15, an element is used to attach the piece blocks 15 to the spatial panel in the form of an additional rack 16 of a C-shaped profile and an elastic element 17, the ends of which are not closed and made in the form of grips, Moreover, the additional rack 16 it is firmly connected to the spatial panel, and the ends of the C-shaped profile are bent into the inside of the profile. At the same time, the grips of the elastic element 17 are wound behind the bent ends of the C-shaped profile, forming a sufficiently rigid connection that reliably holds the masonry of piece elements 15.
Упругий элемент 17 выполнен в виде геометрической фигуры, например: в виде треугольника, в виде буквы «П» или «Ω», из пластины или прутка. Причём толщина или диаметр d упругого элемента 17 равны не менее 1A и не более 1A толщины t кладочного шва 18 штучных блоков 15, а высота h упругого элемента 17 равна не более толщины фасадного слоя 5 наружной стены (1A t<ά<ιA 1).The elastic element 17 is made in the form of a geometric figure, for example: in the form of a triangle, in the form of the letter "P" or "Ω", from a plate or bar. Moreover, the thickness or diameter d of the elastic element 17 is equal to not less than 1 A and not more than 1 A of the thickness t of the masonry seam 18 piece blocks 15, and the height h of the elastic element 17 is equal to not more than the thickness of the facade layer 5 of the outer wall ( 1 A t <ά < ι A 1).
После монтажа наружных стен предлагаемой конструкции, внутренние стены и перегородки монтируют по известной технологии.After mounting the external walls of the proposed design, the internal walls and partitions are mounted according to known technology.
Использование предлагаемого технического решения позволило создать элементы конструкции каркасного здания, которые повышают теплотехнические свойства наружной стены, сокращают трудовые затраты на монтаж каркасного здания, в том числе наружных стен независимо от климатических условий, а именно, исключают «мoкpыe процессы)) за счёт использования пространственной панели, повышают надёжность и несущую способность каркасного здания, сокращают общий вес здания, придают выразительный архитектурный фасад зданию, выполненного из современных материалов и конструкций.Using the proposed technical solution, it was possible to create structural elements of the frame building that increase the thermal properties of the outer wall, reduce the labor costs of installing the frame building, including the outer walls, regardless of climatic conditions, namely, eliminate “wet processes)) by using a spatial panel , increase the reliability and bearing capacity of the frame building, reduce the total weight of the building, give an expressive architectural facade to the building, made of modern materials and structures.
ЗАМЕНЯЮЩИЙ ЛИСТ (ПРАВИЛО 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

ФОРМУЛА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ CLAIM
1. Каркасное здание, содержащее плиты перекрытия с консолями, колонны, опирающиеся на консоли многослойные наружные стены, включающие внутренний, средний и фасадный слои, отличающееся тем, что каждая консоль выполнена в форме трапеции, большее основание которой размещено во внутрь плиты перекрытия, а вылет консоли равен не более толщины наружной стены, причём средний слой наружной стены включает пространственную панель из лёгких тонкостенных элементов - поясов, стоек, связей, раскосов, образовавших пространственную панель, а пространство между консолями, внутренним слоем и фасадным слоем наружной стены заполнено утеплителем.1. A frame building containing floor slabs with consoles, columns resting on the console multilayer external walls, including the inner, middle and facade layers, characterized in that each console is made in the form of a trapezoid, the larger base of which is placed inside the floor slab, and the departure the console is equal to no more than the thickness of the outer wall, and the middle layer of the outer wall includes a spatial panel of light thin-walled elements - belts, racks, ties, braces that formed a spatial panel, and space between the consoles, the inner layer and the facade layer of the outer wall is filled with insulation.
2. Здание по п. 1, о т л и ч а ю щ е е с я тем, что ширина лёгкого тонкостенного элемента равна толщине наружной стены без толщин фасадного и внутреннего слоев наружной стены, элементов крепления фасадного слоя, гидроизоляционного, ветрозащитного и пароизоляционного слоев.2. The building according to claim 1, with the stipulation that the width of the light thin-walled element is equal to the thickness of the outer wall without the thickness of the front and inner layers of the outer wall, the fastening elements of the front layer, waterproofing, windproof and vapor barrier layers.
3. Здание по п.1, отличающееся тем, что наружная стена установлена на плите перекрытия, причём пространственная панель на 3A частях своей толщины размещена на консолях, а по меньшей мере, на 1A части своей толщины размещена на плите перекрытия.3. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer wall is installed on the floor slab, and the spatial panel on 3 A parts of its thickness is placed on the consoles, and at least 1 A part of its thickness is placed on the floor slab.
4. Здание по п. 1, о т л и ч а ю щ е е с я тем, что шаг размещения стоек в пространственной панели равен шагу консолей, а стенка каждого лёгкого тонкостенного элемента выполнена с перфорацией, причём перфорация занимает не более половины ширины стенки лёгкого тонкостенного элемента.4. The building according to claim 1, with the proviso that the step of placing the racks in the spatial panel is equal to the step of the consoles, and the wall of each light thin-walled element is made with perforation, and the perforation takes no more than half the width walls of a light thin-walled element.
5. Здание по п.1, о тл ич аю щ ееся тем, что элемент крепления фасадного слоя, который изготовлен из штучных блоков, выполнен в виде дополнительной стойки из С- образного профиля и упругого элемента, концы которого не замкнуты и выполнены в виде захватов, причём дополнительная стойка соединена с пространственной панелью, концы С- образного профиля дополнительной стойки загнуты во внутрь профиля, а захваты упругого элемента заведены за загнутые концы С- образного профиля.5. The building according to claim 1, wherein the fastening element of the facade layer, which is made of piece blocks, is made in the form of an additional rack of a C-shaped profile and an elastic element, the ends of which are not closed and made in the form grips, with the additional rack connected to the spatial panel, the ends of the C-shaped profile of the additional rack are bent into the inside of the profile, and the grips of the elastic element are wound behind the bent ends of the C-shaped profile.
6. Здание по п.5, о т л и ч а ю щ е е с я тем, что упругий элемент выполнен в виде геометрической фигуры или из пластины, или из прутка, причём толщина или диаметр упругого элемента равна не менее Vъ и не более Vг толщины кладочного шва штучных блоков, а высота упругого элемента равна не более толщины фасадного слоя наружной стены.6. The building according to claim 5, with the fact that the elastic element is made in the form of a geometric figure either from a plate or from a bar, and the thickness or diameter of the elastic element is not less than V more than Vg of the thickness of the masonry seam of piece blocks, and the height of the elastic element is not more than the thickness of the facade layer of the outer wall.
ЗАМЕНЯЮЩИЙ ЛИСТ (ПРАВИЛО 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
PCT/RU2009/000401 2008-08-15 2009-08-12 Frame building WO2010024720A1 (en)

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