RO122681B1 - Set of structural panels for making a civil construction and process for making said construction - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a set of structural panels, made of compressed natural cellular fibers, for making a civil construction, and to a process for making the construction. Each panel consists in two rectangular lateral plates (1), rendered integral to each other by means of some connection pieces (A1, A2, A3, A4) to which the connection pieces (A1) of the wall panel comprise a vertical median stanchion (17) made of pipe with square section, fastened by means of some wood-screws (37) in the median part of the two lateral plates (1), said stanchion (17) being provided at the upper part, with some L-shaped metal brackets (19), the connection pieces (A1) also comprise some vertical end stanchions (16) made of pipe with U-shaped section, fastened by wood-screws (37), on the edge of the two lateral plates (1), which are provided with metallic brackets (19) at the upper side, and with some spacers (24) on height.

Description

The present invention relates to a set of structural panels, made of compressed natural cellular fibers, used for civil construction and, respectively, to a process for construction.

In industrial and residential constructions, both laminated metal walls with mineral wool, glass wool, synthetic polyurethane resins, as well as walls with reinforced concrete composite, mineral wool insulation, glass wool, expanded polystyrene are used. .

The disadvantages of such solutions consist in the high consumption of different materials, with different properties and the high cost of commissioning under construction conditions on the site.

Other disadvantages are the large volume of excavation and the volume of the foundations, caused by the high loads on the surface unit, as well as the reduced properties of thermo, hydro, soundproofing, of the external or parietal closing elements.

It is known a lightweight structure (RO 11 49 89 B1), made of sandwich type panels, made from a metal frame with a U-profile, in which an asbestos cement plate, an expanded polystyrene plate or another light insulator is inserted and, respectively, a sheet of PAL, the three plates sticking together with a small hook. The structure is made of U-type metal profiles that are welded.

This solution has the disadvantage that the sheets in the composition of the panel, including the binder, are high toxic material, so pollutants, either in stable or combustion state, and the metal structure does not have a form of thermal break and fire protection.

Prefabricated panels of thermal insulation (US 5024033) are known, based on uprights, vertical and horizontal, interspersed with rigid insulating plates, with sealing rods at the upper and lower limits of the panels.

These panels have the disadvantage that they use structural elements without fireproof protection, without breaking thermal bridge, with high volume of labor on the site and high consumption of materials. The high number of operations and materials needed to finish the panels after installation is also noticeable.

Also known are prefabricated building panels (US 5608999) based on extruded PVC or thermoplastic profiles as formwork elements for pouring concrete. The profiles are coupled with each other through a system of blocking guides, which allow the creation of continuous double panels, compartmentalized, in the form of formwork, for pouring concrete.

This solution presents several disadvantages, both in terms of reinforcement of the concrete diaphragm, its finishing, as well as in terms of the thermo, hydro, insulating properties of the final product - exterior wall, interior wall or lifting wall. foundations.

There is also known a polystyrene formwork for constructions (R0119026 B1), made up of side plates solidarized with each other with some flanges, which are not dismantled after the concrete hardening and which is provided with prearm elements.

Its disadvantage is that the side plates have a special shape being more complicated to achieve.

The technical problem, which the invention solves, is to provide a sandwich type panel, in which the configuration of the resistance elements inside the panel varies according to the position of the panel in the building, in order to create a building with a unitary structure, which has a higher resistance. to seismic phenomena.

The set of structural panels, according to the invention, solves the proposed technical problem by the fact that each panel is made up of two rectangular side plates, joined together by connecting pieces, to which the connecting parts, of the wall panel, comprise

RO 122681 Β1 a vertical upright upright, made from the pipe with the square section, fixed by means of 1 screws in the middle of the two side plates, upright provided, at the top, with some metal brackets of the form of the letter L, respectively, the parts of connection May 3 comprises vertical end uprights, made from the pipe with the section in the form of the letter U fixed, with screws, on the edges of the two side plates, and which are provided, at the top 5, with metal brackets and, at height, with some distances.

The invention has the following advantages: 7

- prefabricated structural panels are made, transforming the entire structure of a building into a unitary construction system; 9

- a greater resistance of the construction to the seismic phenomena is obtained;

- by using the panels of natural compressed cell fibers, the whole structure 11 and the closures defining the building become much lighter than a building made with traditional materials such as concrete, brick, stone or other composite materials, much more environmentally friendly from the material point of view. used and habitability;

- minimizes the workmanship of the construction site, as a team of four 15 workers, with manual equipment, can one day install the floors and masonry of a floor with a surface of approx. 120 sqm, thus reducing essentially the cost of the workmanship. 17

At the same time, the invention largely eliminates the disadvantages of other construction materials regarding thermal conductivity, acoustic conductivity, hygroscopicity, porosity, friability, mass or weight, non-uniform consistency, high volume of workmanship for finishing, and lack of resistance to fire, to chemical agents, to insects and 21 bacteria, the panels retaining well the nail or the screwdriver and easily allowing, if necessary, cutting by sawing directly when commissioning. 2. 3

The following is an example of an embodiment of the invention, in connection with FIG. 1 ... 34, which represents: 25

FIG. 1, isometric perspective, partial, of a set of panels for the foundation, with their solution;

FIG. 2, enlarged isometric perspective of a mounting purpose of the foundation panels and reinforcement detail;

FIG. 3, enlarged isometric perspective, of a spacing element;

FIG. 4, partial isometric perspective, of an interior wall panel and detail of 31 joints at its upper and lower limits;

FIG. 5, enlarged isometric perspective, of a corner spacing element; 33

FIG. 6, partial isometric perspective, of an assembly of wall panels and their assembly details with the foundation belt beams, with the current 35 floor belt beams and with the floor beam;

FIG. 7, partial isometric perspective, of a wall panel; 37

FIG. 8, partial isometric perspective, of a vertical upright end;

FIG. 9, partial isometric perspective, of a median vertical upright; 39

FIG. 10, partial isometric perspective, of a vertical upright end, in an embodiment;

FIG. 11, partial isometric perspective, of a vertical upright end, in the corner joint variant;

FIG. 12, plan view of the connection of the wall panels in the corner area;

FIG. 13, partial isometric perspective, of the foundation belt beam, in the 45 corner area;

FIG. 14, partial isometric perspective, of the current floor belt beam; 47

FIG. 15, plan view of the connection between two adjacent wall panels;

RO 122681 Β1

FIG. 16, plan view of the connection between two panels for the adjacent walls, in an embodiment;

FIG. 17, plan view of the connection between an interior wall panel and a wall panel;

FIG. 18 is a plan view of the field connection of an interior wall panel with another interior wall panel;

FIG. 19, view, in cross-section, of the connection of an interior wall panel at the upper limit with the lattice beam (21) of the floor;

FIG. 20, a cross-sectional view of the connection of an interior wall panel with a floor panel;

FIG. 21, partial isometric perspective of the connecting parts of the floor panel;

FIG. 22, view, in cross-section, of the connection of a wall panel with the concrete foundation, through the belt beam;

FIG. 23, partial isometric perspective of the connection between two cladding panels;

FIG. 24, plan view of the stamping pattern for the metal post at 45 ° of the beam with lattices;

FIG. 25, partial isometric perspective of the beam with the lattices;

FIG. 26, plan view of the connection between two adjacent cladding panels;

FIG. 27, a cross-sectional view of the connection between a wall panel and a roof panel;

FIG. 28, view, in cross-section, of the connection between the wall panels between floors and the floor panel;

FIG. 29, view, in cross-section, of the connection of the basic elements of a wall panel and those of a window;

FIG. 30, isometric perspective of an anchorage blade used for anchoring, at the top, two adjacent foundation panels;

FIG. 31, isometric perspective of an anchor blade used to anchor, at the bottom, two adjacent foundation panels;

FIG. 32, partial isometric perspective, of the mounting plate;

FIG. 33, isometric perspective of a field spacer;

FIG. 34, partial isometric perspective, of a construction made with the set of panels, according to the invention.

The set of structural panels, according to an embodiment of the invention, comprises a foundation panel, a floor panel, a wall panel and a roof panel.

Each panel is made of two side plates 1, rectangular, joined together by connecting pieces A1, A2, A3, A4.

Side plates 1 are made of compressed natural cell fibers.

The connecting parts A1, of the wall panel, comprise a median upright 17 and some upright uprights 16. The upright upright 17 is made of pipe with the square section, is fixed by means of screws 37, in the middle of the two side plates 1, and is provided, at the top, with metal brackets 19, in the form of the letter L. The vertical uprights at the end 16 are made of pipe with the section in the form of the letter U, are fixed, with screws 37, on the edges of the two side plates 1 and, are provided, at the top, with metal brackets 19 and, on the height, with some spacers 24.

RO 122681 Β1

The connection pieces A2 of the foundation panel, comprise some distances of 1 field 9, in the form of splinters. The field spacers 9 have a cylindrical body 76, threaded inside, in which are threaded, from the outside of the side plates 1, some screws 77. The connection, 3 in the field, between two adjacent foundation panels is made by a spacer element 3 , made from two vertical profiles of the shape of the letter H, parallel, solidarity between 5 them through profiled sleepers. Also, both at the top and at the bottom, two adjacent foundation panels are fixed by means of 7 anchor blades 5.

The connecting parts A3, of the floor panel, and the connecting parts A4, of the 9 roof panel, consist of beams 21 with lattices 21, provided with side bumps 54, fixed between the two side plates 1 with screws 37. 11

The structure of a building, according to the invention, is constituted by the arrangement of sandwich panels, as in the configurations shown in fig. 1, FIG. 4, FIG. 6, FIG. 21, FIG. 23 and FIG. 27, which 13 demonstrates the possibility of adapting the continuous interface of the resistance structure of this sandwich to the diaphragm function of the foundation, exterior wall, interior wall, floor and roof, 15 for the creation of a monolithic integral building.

In the area of the foundation of a building where there is assumed the existence of a slab of reinforced concrete 17 at the outlet phase, with mustaches of concrete iron anchors arranged perimeter for anchoring a vertical reinforcement 15 (fig. 2), some anchor blades 66 are installed ( fig. 31), in positions 19 equidistant, on the outside and inside of the alignment of the anchorage mustaches.

The anchor blades 66 are provided with adjusting slots 64, in which 21 are inserted some anchor legs 65, and on the underside, the anchor blades 66 are provided with some legs 67. Through the legs 67 the anchor blades 66 23 they are placed in the concrete of the plate and, by means of the anchoring legs 65, after calibrating them in the adjustment slot 64, are fixed in the receiving position two side plates 1, joined together, corresponding to two adjacent foundation panels.

At the top of the two adjacent plates 1, the anchor plate 5 (fig. 1 and fig. 2) is attached, which reinforces the outer joint of the foundation panel, after which the previous sequence is repeated for the entire outer alignment of the foundation. panel (Fig. 1). 29

After the initial connection snop at the top of four vertical reinforcements 15, representing, at the base, the four corners of a rectangle and, after aligning the spacing elements 31, the horizontal reinforcements 4, of concrete iron, are progressively inserted in the cutouts of the spacing elements 3, anchoring, through some holes 14, and by the vertical reinforcements 15 33 (figs. 2, 3 and fig. 5).

At this stage the field spacers 9 (fig. 1 and fig. 33) from 35 outside the outer alignment of the side plates 1 begin to be introduced, mounting some ends 74 of the screws 77 through the holes existing in the side plates 1 and the cylindrical bodies 76, on the screws 77, exposed 37 inside.

After mounting the side plates 1 on the inner alignment of the foundation using 39 slides 66 for anchoring their base in the concrete of the plate, of the anchoring blades 5 for their anchoring at the top and the inner foot of the spacing elements 3 for 41 reinforcing the joint, it is progressively introduced, from plate to plate, the ends 74 of the field spacers 9 and are placed in the concrete of the plate some anchors 8, of some mounting plates 6 (fig. 1 and 43 fig. 32).

The mounting plates 6, which are anchored to the foundation plate by means of rods of 45 steel 80, are fixed telescopic bars 13 and 81, provided at their free ends with sliders 7, which are fixed on the upright of the spacer 3 ( Fig. 1, Fig. 32). With 47

EN 122681 Β1 fixing the telescopic bars 13, 81 by means of jointing wrenches 78 (fig. 3), the fitting of the foundation panel is completed, following the pouring of the concrete into the formwork thus formed and its leveling, at the top.

An elastomeric bitumen sheet 25 (fig. 6 and fig. 22) is installed at the top of the foundation panels in contact with the concrete 10 (fig. 1), at the outlet phase, and has a multiple sealing, buffering role. , posing and antioxidant for a belt beam 22, which is also mounted now, after positioning and installing some anchors 45 (fig. 13 and fig. 22).

The wall panel (fig. 7) is made entirely with all the elements installed in the factory, or partially, using as a variant a vertical upright 16 '(fig. 10) depending on the requirements of the project.

The wall panel (fig. 7) in the field position, as opposed to the corner position, has constant dimensions of 120 cm wide and 300 cm high, depending on the manufacturing dimensions of the panel extrusion machines, dimensions that dictate the configuration. the vertical internal structure of resistance, in connection with the horizontal internal structure of resistance, of the beam with lattices 21, corresponding to the floor as metal frames articulated at a constant distance of 60 cm from each other.

The panel for the wall with its internal resistance structure, respectively with the connection parts A1, represents the initial configuration that generated by extrapolation the configuration of the other double panels and structures of resistance with functions of lost formwork, floor, external wall of high resistance and roof, which, in turn, interact and complement each other in a unitary execution, the construction itself.

The execution of this wall panel (fig. 7), is done starting from the vertical uprights of the end 16, which, after stamping and cutting to the final dimension of the panel, install the metal brackets 19 (fig. 8), using screws 36 , mechanical, and spacer 24, of wood, using screws 39 (fig. 15).

Next, install the metal brackets 19 on the upright upright 17 (fig. 9), position the two end uprights 16 in the mirror, over which the first side plate 1 is mounted using the screws 38 (fig. 15), for the lateral anchorage on the spacers 24 and the screws 37 (fig. 7) for the anchorage on the median upright post 17. The installation of the second side plate 1 is made like the first, in the mirror. Prior to storage, five holes are made on the longer flanges of both end vertical uprights 16, for later use of mounting screws 41 (fig. 15).

The installation of the outer wall panels starts from the corner area, by loosening the anchors 45, to adjust the position of the two sides of the belt beam 22 (fig. 6), inserting the wall panel according to the progressive adjustment of the anchors 45 and the median welding to 45 °, the temporary breach, the anchoring of the belt beam 22 of the uprights 16,17 using access holes 70 and the bolts 37 (fig. 14), as well as the mounting of metal support brackets 20, of the beams of the belt 22 (fig. 6) .

Mounting of the second outer wall panel, corner (fig. 6), which contains the vertical lateral corner upright 18, provided with metal brackets 19 (fig. 11), and the spacers 24 on two adjacent faces, (fig. 12), is done after the median welding at 45 ° and the restoration of the anchors 45, the belt beams 22, by installing the screws 38 (fig. 12) and the screws 37, as in the previous paragraph.

The mounting of a panel for an external field wall is carried out as shown in fig. 15 for the type panel, or as in FIG. 16 for higher loadings and / or higher mounting tolerances. Longer flanges of vertical uprights are used to connect the type panels

EN 122681 Β1 end 16 in the mirror, over the shortest ones, using existing perforations from manufacture 1 in the long flanges, for the insertion of the screws 41 and the lateral anchoring of the panels. For the connection as in FIG. 16 bring the panels into position, inserting the vertical end of 3 end 16 'with the spacers 24 on both sides, inside the next panel which is anchored by the spacing 24. 5

For the floors, after anchoring at both ends of the beams with latch 21 on the metal brackets 20, with the mechanical mounting screws 42 (fig. 6, fig. 21 and fig. 22), 7 the side bumpers 54 and the two side plates 1 are mounted. , resulting in a lower floor 26 or a higher floor 29 (fig. 21). 9

The lattice beam 21 (fig. 25) is made by assembling vertical uprights 30, some uprights at 45 ° 31, horizontal elements 32 and 11 wooden rods 33. The metal elements are made of galvanized steel sheet. of thicknesses and corresponding treatments, by stamping, as in fig. 24 for the upright at 45 °, 13 along the edges of the stamping 57, with the formation of reinforcing ribs 34. After the insertion of the wooden rods 33 in the horizontal elements 32, the installation is executed with some 15 rivets 44 pop rivet for all the pieces .

The installation of some beams of the current floor 23 (fig. 6, fig. 14 and fig. 28) is executed 17 starting from the corner, by installing the lower half with the side flanges covering the upper part of the outer wall panel, with some cutouts 68 and some perforations 71 19 (fig. 14), corresponding to the openings inside the double panel and the holes of the metal consoles 19 (fig. 6, fig. 14, fig. 28), by welding at 45 ° with respect to all alignments and 21 collinearities, and the resumption of the above after the installation in the mirror, of the upper half of the belt beam 23 (fig. 6, fig. 14). At this stage, after anchoring the median area of the 23 belt beam 23 of the metal brackets 19, the lower half flanges are anchored, with the screws 37 through the holes 70, of the vertical uprights 17,16,16 ', 18 and the spacing 24, 25 steps following following the steps described for installing the exterior wall panels on the belt girder 22. 27

The panels for the exterior wall, which take over the openings for the metal or PVC joinery of the windows (fig. 29), are constructed with the resistance structure, the vertical uprights 29 16,16 ', 17 and 18, retracted from the opening edge for mounting a profile 59 continuous on the perimeter of the opening, the function of lintel above the window being taken over by the beam of 31 belt 23 and the reinforcement of the interior space of the double panel between the belt and the carpentry of the window. For larger openings, the opening is subdivided, the vertical elements thereof 33 taking over part of the loads, or the capacity of the structural strength of the vertical corner uprights 18 adjacent to the opening is increased. 35

The installation of the interior walls is shown in fig. 4 as an overall representation and in FIG. 17 ... 20 for details. Side plate 1, with the purpose of partition wall, 37 which is made with the thickness of min. 7.5 cm, but with the same width of 120 cm, is mounted as in fig. 20 at the bottom, using some U profiles in sheet 27, galvanized steel 39, stamped, fixed by the floor panels 26 and as in fig. 19, at the top, using the same type of profiles U 28, previously fixed with screws 39 of the rod 41 of wood 33, from the lower sole of the beam with the laces 21 (fig. 19 and fig. 4).

For the vertical connection of two panels, some profiles 55 of sheet 43 of galvanized steel, used as in fig. 18 on the slab and groove principle and the like, for the connection of an inner wall panel with an outer wall panel, (fig. 17). 45

In order to increase the resistance to heat transfer, the sound-absorbing function, the waterproofing function and that of the resistance to the seal of an exterior wall, at the same time with the installation of each 47 levels, a plywood from side plates 1 is executed on its outer surface (fig. 23 and

RO 122681 Β1 fig. 26), with the role of alternating the joints of the double panels with the full of the panels made of veneer. Thus, some profiles 48, with the role of spacer and support for the side plates 1, cladding, are arranged between the joints of double panels 50 (fig. 26) and the belt beams 23, being mounted with some plates 47 on the profiles 48 .

The configuration of the structure and the closures of the roof is similar to that of the floor, with the exception that, for anchoring the upper sole of the beam with the lathes 21, which, in this case, is inclined, instead of the metal console 20 (fig. 27, fig. 28), use a metal casing 46 (fig. 27). It is installed on the alignment of the holes of the metal brackets 19, for the distance between beams (ceilings) of 60 cm and centered on each upright upright 16.16 ', 17 and 18, for the distance between beams of 120 cm.

Claims (4)

claims 1. Set of structural panels for the realization of the foundation, floor, walls and roof of a civil construction, where each panel consists of two rectangular (1) side plates, joined together by connecting pieces (A1, A2, A3, A4) characterized in that the connecting parts (A1), of the wall panel, comprise a median upright upright (17), made of pipe with the square section, fastened by means of screws (37) in the middle of the two side plates (1) ), upright (17) provided, at the top, with metal brackets (19) in the form of the letter L, respectively, the connecting parts (A1) also include vertical uprights (16), made from the pipe with the shaped section letter U, fastened with screws (37) on the edges of the two side plates (1), which are provided, at the top, with metal brackets (19) and, on the height, with some spacers (24). ). 2. The set of structural panels according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting pieces (A2) of the foundation panel comprise field spacers (9) in the form of bobbins having a cylindrical body (76) threaded inside, wherein are threaded, from the outside of the side plates (1), some screws (77), the connection between two adjacent foundation panels being made by a spacer element (3) made of two vertical profiles of the letter H, parallel, in solidarity with each other by means of profiled sleepers, both at the top and at the bottom, two adjacent foundation panels being fixed by means of anchor blades (5). 3. The set of structural panels according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting parts (A3) of the floor panel and the connecting parts (A4) of the roof panel consist of beams with lattices (21) provided with side rails (54). ), fixed between the two plates (1) with screws (37). 4. A process for carrying out a construction using the set of structural panels of claims 1 to 3, containing successive steps starting from the foundation, where a concrete layer of corresponding height is poured onto the bottom of the dug pit for a foundation, depth and of predetermined width, which will form the reinforced concrete slab of the foundation and which has a flat surface and is provided with mustaches of concrete steel anchorage, arranged perimeter, characterized in that, in the concrete of the foundation slab, it is laid, evenly, through some legs (67), some anchor blades (66) provided with some anchor rods (65) for fixing the plates (1) corresponding to two adjacent foundation panels; after fixing the plates (1) on the outer perimeter of the construction, they are fixed to each other by means of the anchorage blades (5), after which the vertical reinforcement (15) is fixed, the spacing is aligned (3), the horizontal reinforcement is gradually introduced (4) In the cutouts of the spacers (3), anchored by the vertical reinforcements (15), the field spacers (9) are inserted by mounting the screws (77) on the RO 122681 moso1 pinholes (76), through the holes existing in the plates (1), outside the outer alignment of the plates (1), 1 after which the plates (1) are mounted on the inner perimeter, fixing progressively on the pinholes (76) through by means of the screws (77), some anchors (8) of 3 mounting plates (6) provided with telescopic bars (13,81) are placed in the concrete of the foundation plate for vertical support of the foundation panel, after which the concrete is poured between the two plates (1), level 5 at the top, fix an elastomeric bitumen sheet (25), above which a belt beam (22) is fastened; follows the stage of mounting the floor by anchoring at the top 7 of the foundation panels of support brackets (20) in which are fixed, by means of mechanical screws (42), some floor beams (21), between two adjacent beams 9 contraventions (54) are provided, after which the two plates (1) are fixed, both at the top and at the bottom, forming the floor panels; proceed to mount the panels for 11 walls for the execution of the exterior wall, panels that are made industrially, starting with the corner area and continuing with the field area, following the operations of interior partitions, 13 with the help of simple plates (1), after which the configuration of the roof is similar to that of the floor, with the exception that to anchor the upper sole of the beam with the lattices (21), 15 which, in this case, is inclined, some metal bushes (46) fixed to the console (19) are used.