RU2412308C1 - Enclosing structure with metal frame - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: enclosing structure consists of metal frame fixed in foundation, and comprises enclosure panels, fixed between stands of frame, and inner and outer facing. Stands of frame are made of metal pipe, with section, depending on rated bearing capacity of frame, at the same time stands of frame are installed with pitch corresponding to width of enclosure panels, at the same time enclosure panels are made as heat insulation and multilayer with thickness exceeding thickness of vertical stands of frame, and are installed along inner side of frame in one plane with vertical stands to form intermediate cavities due to difference between thickness of stand and panel to be filled by insulator, which isolates frame stands against outer effect.

EFFECT: simplified enclosure structure with metal frame, having high bearing capacity and reliability, and also increased seismic stability, improved heat and sound insulation, reduced time required to erect building and to reduce material intensity.

6 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely, enclosing structures with a metal frame for low-rise residential buildings, as well as small industrial and storage facilities, including in areas with a calculated seismic effect of up to 8 points, as well as when building add-ons over existing buildings.

Known structural system for the construction of a building with a metal frame made of long products of I-section (RF patent No. 2155256, IPC EV04 1/24, EN 1/12, published: 08.27.2000) [1]. The structural system includes an external building structure, which includes a base consisting of several concrete screed elements that form the perimeter of the base of a single-family house, four external walls made up of several metal vertical posts that make up the supporting structure, and several panels and frames of openings held by the specified structure. The metal racks of the supporting structure are supported on the screed elements by means of a supporting metal plate, part of which protrudes outward and is placed in the installation groove made on the inside of the starting panel, and also serves, if necessary, as a support point for this panel. Screed elements provide earthquake resistance of the building. A disadvantage of the known system is that external prefabricated structures made of reinforced concrete are difficult to handle and require the use of lifting means, which are also very heavy, which complicates and lengthens the installation time of building structures.

A collapsible building is known, the enclosing structure of which consists of metal racks with intermediate panels and a layer of insulation (RF patent No. 2046895, IPC Е04В 1/343, ЕВВ 1/38, Е04С 2/32. Published: 10.27.1995) [2] . Intermediate wall panels and coatings are located between the sections. Folding sections are formed from supporting frames, wall panels and coverings. The supporting parts of the supporting frames are installed and attached to the foundations. The disadvantage of this building is the complexity of the enclosing structure. In addition, the disadvantages are low seismic resistance, as well as insufficient sound and heat insulation.

The famous building [2] in technical essence is the closest to the claimed invention and is taken as a prototype.

The construction of frame houses is one of the most promising technologies in the construction of low-rise residential buildings, in particular suburban cottages. The basis of such a house is a metal frame with high load-bearing capacity and reliability, with a hinged multilayer panel mounted on it.

Such frame houses effectively absorb seismic loads. Low dead weight, structural strength are the key to the reliability of a house in an earthquake.

The technical result consists in simplifying the building envelope with a metal frame, which has high load-bearing capacity and reliability, as well as in increasing seismic resistance, increasing heat and sound insulation, reducing the time of building construction and reducing material consumption.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the inventive enclosing structure, consisting of a metal frame fixed in the foundation, and containing enclosing panels fixed between the frame posts, and the inner and outer lining, according to the invention, the frame posts are made of a metal pipe with a cross section depending from the calculated bearing capacity of the frame, while the frame racks are installed with a step corresponding to the width of the enclosing panels, while the enclosing panels are made insulating and multilayer with a thickness exceeding the thickness of the vertical struts of the frame, and are installed on the inner side of the frame in the same plane as the vertical posts with the formation of the difference between the thickness of the rack and the panel of intermediate cavities filled with a heater that insulates the frame racks from external influences.

The width of the enclosing panels corresponds to the width of the sheet material of the outer skin of the enclosing panels.

In this case, the struts of the frame are made of a metal pipe of square section.

In this case, the frame racks are made of a metal pipe of rectangular cross section.

In this case, the foundation piles are located on one axis with each vertical rack of the frame.

At the same time, the vertical racks of the frame are equipped with plates for attaching the Mauerlat.

The invention is illustrated by the following graphic materials.

Figure 1 - horizontal section of the wall of the building envelope.

Figure 2 is a vertical section of the building envelope.

Figure 3 - diagram of the rack frame with fasteners.

The basis of the enclosing structure is a supporting metal frame (Fig.1, 2), erected at a construction site from elements manufactured at the plant according to design drawings. The frame is an equally-connected rack-mount or rack-and-beam system consisting of centrally compressed struts 1 (for example, a profile pipe 80 × 80 × 4 mm in accordance with GOST 30245-2003) and beams (for example, a profile pipe 120 × 80 × 4 mm in GOST 30245-2003). The racks of the frame are made of a metal pipe of square section or rectangular section.

All frame elements are connected to each other by electric welding. The rack 1 of the frame is a continuous construction (figure 3). At the lower end of the rack 1, a support plate 12 is welded for fastening in the foundation, made of sheet steel 5 mm thick. At the upper end of the rack 1, fixing plates 13 are welded on both sides for attaching the Mauerlat sub-beam (Fig. 3). Using the supporting plates 12, the racks are rigidly or anchored in the foundation 10 of the building along one axis with the piles 11 of the foundation (Fig.2, 3).

In this case, the foundation piles are located on one axis with each vertical rack of the frame.

The distance "ℓ" between the axes of the vertical posts 1 (step of the uprights) corresponds to the width of the enclosing panel, which in turn corresponds to the width of the sheet material of its outer skin (glass-magnesium refractory sheet, oriented strand board, galvanized sheet metal, etc.). For example, “ℓ” = 1220 mm (panel width equal to the width of the sheet of material) +10 mm (2 gaps between racks) +80 mm (rack thickness) = 1310 mm.

Due to the design strength of the uprights 1 (the uprights 1 of the frame are made of a metal pipe, with a cross section depending on the design bearing capacity of the frame), the step шаг of the installation of the uprights 1 is increased to 1310 mm ÷ 1340 mm (against ℓ _std = 600 mm according to SNiP 2_08_01- 85. Part 1 Designs of residential buildings).

The use of the increased step “между” between the racks of the frame corresponding to the width of the sheet material of the outer sheathing of the enclosing panels reduces the metal consumption of the building frame, the number of embedded parts decreases, the number of components and joints decreases, the amount of material waste is reduced, since material trimming and trimming are excluded, significantly labor costs throughout the entire production and installation cycle of the building, as a result of which there is a reduction in the construction time of the building and a decrease in material consumption.

The enclosing structure contains enclosing panels 2 (FIGS. 1, 2) fixed between the vertical struts 1 of the frame on the horizontal ties of the frame using wooden or metal profiled strips (Appendix 1. Scheme of the outer cladding of the enclosing structure).

The enclosing panels 2 are made of heat-insulating multilayer with a thickness exceeding the thickness of the vertical uprights of the frame (2-3 times). They are installed on the inner side 8 of the frame in the same plane with the uprights 1 (Fig.1, 2). Due to the difference between the thickness of the uprights and the thickness of the enclosing panels between the latter, intermediate cavities 4 are formed, filled with insulation. For example, with a panel thickness of 185 mm, the frame rack width is 80 mm and the metal frame is “recessed” into the wall by 105 mm.

Such a design eliminates the formation of “cold bridges” and increases thermal insulation, protects the supporting structures from condensation and, as a consequence, from corrosion, increasing the durability of the structure, and also protects the building frame from thermal deformations, i.e. from unwanted stresses in the connection nodes. The use of an effective insulation, for example basalt mineral wool, characterized by high heat and sound insulation ability, incombustibility and moisture resistance, improves thermal insulation.

The external cladding 3 of the building envelope can be made depending on the project (Appendix 1. Scheme of the external cladding of the building). The outer part of the enclosing structure can be covered with plaster and putty (Appendix 1. Scheme 1), or finished with siding 9 (figure 2) (Appendix 1. Scheme 2), or faced with brick (Appendix 1. Scheme 3).

On the walls inside the building there is a frame 5 for attaching the inner lining 6 of the walls (GKL, GKVL, LSU, OSP) (Fig.1, 2). Thus, between this frame 5 and the inside of the panel, a cavity 7 is formed, which serves to accommodate utility networks and communications.

The calculated data for the claimed enclosing structure with a metal frame, shown in the table, allow us to conclude that the claimed technical result is achieved.

Parameter Value Note Reduced heat transfer resistance of external walls and attic floors from 150 to 250 mm thick 3.23 to 5.04 m ² * ° C / W Soundproofing Index Rw = 52 ... 53 dB Fire resistance of load-bearing structures 0.75 h Meets the requirements of SNiP 31-01-2003 for residential buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance Durability of a building made of steel structures with a protective coating in a non-aggressive or slightly aggressive environment Not less than 50 years

The construction of the claimed building envelope is as follows.

All structural elements of the frame and enclosing panels of full factory readiness, according to the design documentation, are delivered to the construction site. All structural elements used in the assembly of building envelopes are made in compliance with dimensional accuracy.

The mass of any mounting element of the building structures does not exceed 120 kg. Installation of building structures can be carried out without the use of lifting equipment in a short time: a team of 3-4 people can assemble the building envelope with a total area of 150-200 m 2 in 5-10 days.

The racks 1 of the frame using the support plates 12 (Fig.2, 3) are rigidly or anchored in the foundation 13 of the building. After connecting all the vertical struts with horizontal ties, single-span floor beams are laid, after which all frame elements are welded together

Piles of the foundation 11 (figure 2) are located at the planned distance from each other and in the same axis with the uprights 1 of the frame. In places of installation of piles 11 (figure 2), metal mortgages are installed in the foundation (not shown in the drawing). After the foundation 10 has dried, the racks 1 of the metal pipe of rectangular or square cross section are welded to the metal mortgages using the supporting plates 12 (Fig. 3). The location of the foundation piles in the same axis as the frame racks allows you to evenly distribute the weight load of the enclosing structure itself, to avoid undesirable shrinkage deformation, temperature deformation and corrosion, reduce construction time and reduce material consumption.

The increase in seismic resistance is achieved by the fact that horizontal and vertical loads (both operational and momentary) are perceived by the frame-bonded steel frame of the building.

Structural analysis of the building framework selected sections of the main elements of the frame-link frame system, the physical characteristics of which satisfy the specified requirements for resistance to existing loads.

Thanks to the use of a continuous metal frame rack, the specific efficiency of using the bearing capacity of structures is increased.

Bottom to the racks 1 welded horizontal strapping of the frame from a metal pipe of rectangular cross section.

After the frame of the building envelope is assembled, the Mauerlat is attached to the vertical struts of the frame with bolts through the embedded parts 16, to which, in turn, the entire roof frame is attached.

Wall panels are mounted in the space between the posts 1 of the metal frame, while the gap between the posts 1 and the edge of the panel 2 on each side is about 5 mm. A vertically mounted panel from the inside is attached to the horizontal ties of the frame using wooden or metal profiled strips, as well as around the perimeter of the mounting foam.

The outer part of the wall, depending on the project, is covered with plaster and putty (Appendix 1. Scheme 1), or siding 9 (figure 2, Appendix 1. Scheme 2), or faced with brick (Appendix 1. Scheme 3). In the case of wall plastering, a grid on which the plaster is applied is attached to the facing panel 3. In the case of brick cladding, the foundation 10 is extended. In the places where cavities 4 are formed, parts of the reinforcement that protrude outward are attached to the posts to connect the posts 1 (Appendix 1. Scheme 3, figure 2) with a brick wall (not shown in the drawing). In the case of finishing with siding 9, a lining 8 is attached to the facing panel 3 (Figs. 1, 2), on which the siding 9 is attached.

After installing the panels of the external walls on the walls inside the building, a frame is mounted for attaching the internal wall cladding (GKL, GKVL, SML, OSP). Thus, a cavity is formed between this frame and the inside of the panel, in which engineering networks and communications (water supply, electrical wiring, heating, communication, television cable) are freely placed and fixed.

The claimed invention will find wide application in the construction of low-rise buildings with a metal frame due to the simple design of the metal frame with high load-bearing capacity and reliability, and it can be used in conjunction with the frame of a multilayer building curtain panel.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2155256. Constructive system for the construction of buildings, in particular single-family houses. Published on August 27th, 2000.

2. RF patent No. 2046895. Collapsible building. Published on October 27, 1995 - the closest analogue.

Item Positions

1. Vertical metal frame rack

2. Wall panel

3. External facing material (LSU, OSB, etc.)

4. Insulation insert

5. Metal frame for mounting the inner lining

6. Sheets of the inner lining (GKL, GKLV, SML, etc.)

9. Siding

14. Overlay of outer cladding material

15. Low carbon wire releases for connecting the frame to the brickwork

16. Insert made of rolled bitumen waterproofing

17. Brickwork

18. Panel mounting plate

20. Galvanized metal plate

21. Insert from the material of the outer cladding

Claims (6)

1. The enclosing structure, consisting of a metal frame fixed in the foundation, and containing enclosing panels fixed between the frame posts, and the inner and outer cladding, characterized in that the frame posts are made of a metal pipe with a cross section depending on the design bearing capacity of the frame, while the frame racks are installed with a step corresponding to the width of the enclosing panels, while the enclosing panels are made of insulating multilayer thickness exceeding the thickness of the vertical frame nuts, and are installed on the inner side of the frame in the same plane with vertical struts with the formation of the difference between the thickness of the rack and the panel of intermediate cavities filled with a heater that insulates the frame racks from external influences 2. The enclosing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the enclosing panels corresponds to the width of the sheet material of the outer skin of the enclosing panels 3. The enclosing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the struts of the frame are made of a metal pipe of square section. 4. The enclosing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the racks of the frame are made of a metal pipe of rectangular cross section. 5. The enclosing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the foundation piles are located on the same axis with each vertical rack of the frame. 6. The enclosing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical racks of the frame are provided with plates for attaching the Mauerlat.

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