RU2717600C1 - Technology of construction of individual houses and structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, namely to erection of individual houses and various low-rise buildings. Method of construction of individual houses and structures is characterized by the following operations: bored pouring foundation is laid with grillage or belt foundation along grid of arrangement of external and internal walls. Basement is erected on the foundation, which is treated with waterproofing material, which prevents penetration of moisture, the base is insulated with sheets of extruded foamed polystyrene or with thermo-facade panels; metal frame is made of light steel thin-wall structures SFMB in the form of cold-rolled zinc-plated steel sections with thickness of 2–2.5 mm. All elements of the frame are bolted together, and the frame itself is fixed to the base on the anchor group. Roof carcass is assembled, which is also made in the form of metal frame made of SFMB. During erection of the frame inner walls and partition walls of SKC 2R blocks or foam concrete blocks are made, which are laid on finished masonry mortar. Between the units there laid is welded mesh, which outlets with self-threading screws are fixed to bearing elements of metal frame, that is to shelves of rack-type profiles. Between inner wall and frame there is an air gap, which serves as additional insulation and for engineering utilities laying in it. Then external insulation and external walls are installed, at that, as insulation, there used are sandwich panels made according to required sizes at the manufacturer, note here that metal frame postal profiles are made stepped and arranged in carcass through one in the form of ascending steps, and adjacent to them through one in form of convergent steps. Sandwich panels are fixed to shelves of rack-mounted profiles by standard hardware and shaped elements. Outer layer of wall in the form of OSB sheets or foam plastic is fixed outside insulation to metal frame, which are glued with reinforcing mesh and leveled with acrylic filler, on which decorative plaster "Koroed" is applied. Metal roof frame in form of raft system is also made according to SFMB technology, is insulated and covered with OSB, on top of which soft roof or metal roofing is mounted, or on metal roof frame sandwich panels are installed, which serve as insulation and roofing material. At the final stage internal works on insulation of floors and floors are performed, windows and doors are installed, and communications are performed.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to reduce construction time, material consumption, labor intensity and construction time, its total weight, to ensure its reliability and to improve heat engineering properties.

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Description

The invention relates to the construction, namely to the construction of individual residential buildings and various low-rise buildings.

The building frame is known (RF patent No. 121831 U1, 10.11.2012), made on the basis of LSTC technology, including galvanized metal profiles with a thickness of 0.7 - 3 mm, fastened together by self-tapping screws in a rigid frame, to which external and internal panels are attached for the formation of the wall in which the filler-insulation is located in the form of ecowool. The frame is attached to the foundation with anchor joints.

An energy-efficient low-rise building is known, the frame of which is made of zinc-coated metal profiles, the profiles are bolted together, the walls are formed by external and internal panels between which heat and sound-insulating material (mineral fibers) is laid - RF patent No. 110793 U1, 11/27/2011.

Also from the description of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 62128 U1 (03/27/2007), a structural system is known for the construction of low-rise buildings with a metal frame. The metal frame forms the skeleton of the entire house – walls, floors and roof. A vapor barrier film is used from the inside of the walls, and a diffusion waterproofing film from the outside.

As the closest analogue, RF patent No. 164507 U1 was adopted (09/10/2016), from which it is known that the wall and roof frames are made of metal profiles and the sandwich panels are attached to the metal frame.

The disadvantages of the analogues are the use of coil insulation, subject to shrinkage and, accordingly, a decrease in heat resistance, as well as the use of polyurethane foam, which is a highly combustible material, as a filler. A disadvantage of the known analogues is that the internal walls are made of thin sheet materials that do not allow massive objects of furniture and interior to be attached to them, as well as those that do not have high sound insulation indicators.

The objective of the patented solution is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known analogues.

The technical result of the patented solution is to reduce the construction time and the total weight of the structure, that is, transfer the load to the ground, compared with the construction of brick structures, ensure the reliability of the structure and improve its thermal performance, reduce the material consumption and the complexity of the construction due to the fact that the structure is brought full housekit.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the method of building individual residential buildings and structures, which consists in carrying out the following operations: erect a bored foundation with a grillage or strip foundation on the grid of the location of the external and internal walls, erect a base on it, which is treated with a waterproofing material that prevents the penetration of moisture, they insulate the base with sheets of extruded polystyrene foam or thermal facade panels, install a metal frame from light steel thin-walled structures of LSTK in the form of cold-rolled galvanized steel profiles with a thickness of 2-2.5 mm, while all frame elements are fastened with a bolt connection, and the frame itself is fixed to the base on the anchor group, the roof frame is mounted, which is also made in the form of a metal frame of LSTK at the same time, during the construction of the frame, internal walls and partitions are made of SKTs 2P blocks or foam concrete blocks, which are laid on the finished masonry mortar, a welded mesh is laid between the blocks, the outlets of which itself fastening screws are attached to the supporting elements of the metal frame, that is, to the shelves of the rack profiles, while an air gap is made between the inner wall and the frame, which serves as additional insulation and laying engineering communications in it, then they proceed to install the external insulation and external walls, while as a heater use sandwich panels manufactured to the required dimensions at the manufacturer, due to the fact that the rack profiles of the metal frame are made stepwise and arranged They are in the frame through one in the form of ascending steps, and adjacent to them in one in the form of descending steps, the sandwich panels are attached to the shelves of the rack profiles with standard hardware and shaped elements, the outer layer of the wall is attached to the metal frame in the form of OSB or foam sheets , which are glued with a reinforcing mesh and aligned with acrylic putty, on which the decorative bark beetle is applied. The metal roof frame in the form of a rafter system is also made using LSTK technology, insulated and covered with OSB, on top of which a soft roof or metal tile is mounted or sandwich panels are installed on the roof metal frame, which serve as insulation and roofing material, at the final stage they produce internal works on insulation of floors and floors, install windows and doors, conduct communications.

A method of constructing individual residential buildings and structures, in which, when installing metal frames, galvanized profiles are used for guides, racks, lintels, braces and connection angles.

The technology consists in combining the application of various construction techniques.

The structure is based on a metal frame made of LSTK (light steel thin-walled structures). For the manufacture of metal frames, a cold-rolled steel profile with a thickness of 2 ÷ 2.5 mm is used, which allows a rigid frame to be made with fewer columns and connections, while achieving the stiffness required by the project. Corrosion resistance of the metal is achieved by hot galvanizing at the rate of 275 g / m2. All connections of profiles are threaded reinforced bolted.

As a material for the construction of internal walls and partitions, a SKTS 2P wall block or a foam concrete block is used.

As a heater, a sandwich panel is used. This is a bulky material that allows you to quickly mount it on a metal frame. Panels for a typical house are cut to size already at the factory and come to the construction site in a finished form and in the required quantity. The panel has a three-layer structure. Between two sheets of thin metal is a layer of insulation. A polymer coating is applied to the metal sheets to prevent corrosion and moisture penetration inside. Insulation is a layer of mineral wool 50-120 mm thick.

Between the insulation and the inner wall there is an air gap. Its purpose is additional warming. Engineering communications, such as water supply and sewage pipes, can also be laid in it.

The outer layer of the wall of the house is OSB sheets 9-12 mm thick or polystyrene 30 mm thick with decorative bark beetle plaster. OSB or foam sheets are glued with a reinforcing mesh and aligned with acrylic putty. Acrylic is a polymer that prevents the penetration of moisture into the wall. Decorative bark beetle plaster has high strength, resistance to external aggressive environment, does not crack when dried. "Bark beetle" differs in original design and serves a long time.

It is possible to use thermofront panels as a decorative facade decoration.

The rafter system of the house is also made using LSTK technology. A sandwich panel does not require the use of a finishing roofing. In this case, it is possible to install a soft roof or metal tile on top of a sandwich panel.

The internal walls of SKTs 2P blocks or foam concrete blocks are fastened by fastening with a welded 5 BP1 grid with self-tapping screws to the load-bearing elements of the metal frame, that is, the blocks are laid on the finished masonry mortar, and the welded mesh is laid between the blocks, the outlets of which are fastened to the load-bearing elements of the metal frame , that is, to the shelves of rack profiles. Additionally, the unit can be wound up behind the column shelf.

When fastening, use, if necessary, standard hardware, shaped elements.

Fastening the frame to the foundation: mount on the anchor group.

By this solution, the problem of the “cold bridge” is solved by using the outer enclosing layer of structural metal elements of the building from the sandwich panel and the additional contour of the internal walls from SKTs 2P blocks or foam concrete block.

The use of SKTs 2P blocks or foam concrete blocks for internal walls and partitions allows for greater rigidity of the building structure. Blocks are environmentally friendly, do not emit substances harmful to humans and are breathable. The thickness and strength of the blocks allows you to use various fasteners and fasten heavy things on the walls (furniture, household appliances).

The use of sandwich panels filled with mineral wool as a heater allows you to quickly build a warm contour of the building at any time of the year and in any weather. Unlike other heaters used in analogues, the sandwich panel filler is not subject to shrinkage and moisture, which allows you to maintain high heat and sound insulation properties throughout the life of the apartment building. Mineral wool, unlike the polystyrene foam used in the analogue, is non-combustible and does not emit substances harmful to humans.

The use of a metal frame with a thicker metal and reinforced bolt connections allows you to build a residential building of a more rigid structure compared to well-known analogues, which use a metal profile of smaller thickness and use self-tapping screws and bolt joints as joints. Due to the smaller number of structural elements, this solution can significantly reduce the construction time of the building frame. At the same time, a large thickness of the metal profile guarantees a longer frame service life in comparison with the known analogues.

For the manufacture of metal frames used cold-rolled steel profile. And here is another our important design decision. If in the traditional LSTC technology 0.8-1 mm thick profiles are used, then here we use metal 2 - 2.5 mm thick. This thickness allows you to perform a rigid frame with fewer columns and ties, while achieving the required stiffness of the project. An important point - the safety of the metal is achieved by hot-dip galvanizing in the production of metal. It is produced in galvanic baths. To cover 1 m2 of metal is 275 g of zinc. Such a coating perfectly copes with the impact of an aggressive external environment during the operation of the house. All profile joints are high-strength threaded bolted. They securely connect and hold the skeleton at home. A ready-made house kit with design documentation for assembly comes to the construction site. Buildings built on this principle can be built in regions with high seismic activity.

In addition to the speed of construction, the technology has advantages in that the installation of the house is carried out by 3-4 workers. With its construction, the participation of heavy construction equipment is not required. There is no bursting of soil, littering with construction debris, a battle of bricks and masonry mortar. A house built using LSTK technology has high heat-saving characteristics.

An important advantage of the technology is the all-weather construction, you can build a house in the winter. Unlike classic stone.

Claims (2)

1. The method of construction of individual residential buildings and structures, characterized in that they perform the following operations: erect a bored foundation with grillage or strip foundation on the grid of the location of the external and internal walls, erect a base on it, which is treated with a waterproofing material that prevents the penetration of moisture, insulate the base with sheets of extruded polystyrene foam or thermal facade panels, the metal frame is assembled from light steel thin-walled structures of LSTK in the form cold-rolled galvanized steel profiles with a thickness of 2-2.5 mm, while all frame elements are fastened with a bolt connection, and the frame is fixed to the base on the anchor group, the roof frame is mounted, which is also made in the form of a metal frame from LSTK, while during the construction the frame is made by internal walls and partitions of SKTs 2P blocks or foam concrete blocks, which are laid on the finished masonry raster, and between the blocks a welded mesh is laid, the outlets of which are mounted with self-tapping screws to the supporting element ntam of the metal frame, that is, to the shelves of the rack profiles, while an air gap is made between the inner wall and the frame, which serves as additional insulation for laying engineering communications in it, then they proceed to install the external insulation and external walls, using a sandwich as insulation -panels manufactured to the required dimensions at the manufacturer, due to the fact that the rack profiles of the metal frame are made stepwise and are located in the frame through one in the form of an ascending steps, and adjacent to them through one in the form of descending steps, the sandwich panels are attached to the shelves of the rack profiles with standard hardware and shaped elements, the outer layer of the wall is fixed to the metal frame in the form of OSB or foam sheets, which are glued with a reinforcing mesh and aligned acrylic putty, on which decorative bark beetle is applied, and the metal roof frame in the form of a rafter system is also made using LSTK technology, insulated and covered with OSB, on top of which they are mounted yagkuyu roof shingles or metal, or a metal roof frame mounted sandwich panels, which serve as insulation and roofing material, at the final stage produce internal insulation works ceilings and floors, windows and doors are mounted, carry out communication. 2. The method of construction of individual residential buildings and structures according to claim 1, characterized in that when installing metal frames, galvanized profiles are used for guides, racks, jumpers, braces and connection corners.