RU2440472C1 - Method to erect monolithic construction structure of building or facility "bliss house" - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method to erect a monolithic construction structure of a building or a facility, where on a specially prepared foundation, at the first stage of erection, the metal frame is assembled from light steel galvanised thin-walled elements of channel-like shape in cross section. Then outer and inner shields of a stay-in-place form, afterwards the inner space between shields of the stay-in-place form is filled with a gypsum foam concrete filler, which form with the latter after gaining strength a monolithic wall panel, besides, channel-like elements arranged transversely relative to the wall panel are made with perforation punches along the whole length to eliminate a cold bridge in the panel. At the same time the building ceiling is also erected on the basis of some elements of the wall panel, besides, at first a metal frame is assembled and installed, also made of light steel galvanised elements that are thin-walled in cross section, then a wood-cement board is fixed at the bottom to the frame, and the frame is filled with a gypsum foam concrete filler, and after gaining strength, on top at first wooden flooring is installed, and then a protective coating of a glass-magnesite sheet is laid on it.

EFFECT: reduced time of construction, extended operation time, reduced cost of construction, minimised costs for construction materials and higher efficiency of operation.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to the field of construction, namely to the technology of frame-monolithic and prefabricated frame housing construction, and can be used in the construction of walls, ceilings, partitions and other structural elements of buildings or structures used in various industries.

There is a method of erecting a monolithic structure of a building or structure, characterized in that at the first stage of erection, external and internal panels of fixed formwork are installed and at the exit points of vertical reinforcing bars or vertical anchors installed in the foundation, a reinforcing cage is installed and a retractable molding tool is installed in the girth of the latter in the form hollow volumetric trihedral rod, which is temporarily attached with a larger face to the inner surface of the shield of fixed formwork, and to two others sheets of heat-insulating material are installed to the wounds of the rod, which are fastened to the inner side of the fixed formwork with free ends, then the concrete mass is poured into the rod, and after the concrete has set strength, the rod is freed from temporary fastening and extended to the design height until the supporting column is finished, repeating the work cycle of the first stage after which the three-dimensional triangular rod is removed from the formwork and the space between the panels is filled with concrete mass until the completion of the work cycle (Pat. RU, 2379435, cl. E04G 11/10, dated January 20, 2010).

Without begging the merits of this method of erecting a monolithic building structure, however, it should be noted that its implementation is associated with excessive material consumption and laboriousness in its implementation and the need to attract heavy construction equipment.

The problem of increasing the level of thermal insulation of building envelopes is very significant, since heat losses through building structures along cold bridges account for up to 80% of all heat losses in buildings

One of the ways to increase the level of thermal protection of buildings in frame-monolithic housing construction is the use of multilayer panels with effective insulation.

Known enclosing wall structure in the form of a multilayer wall, used in the construction of prefabricated monolithic external walls of residential buildings, which contains a facade plate, on the inner surface of which is secured with anchor elements a layer of insulation on which the reinforcing cage is located, and thick foam polystyrene is used as insulation 200 mm (Pat. RF No. 2193635, IPC, Е04В 1/16 of 11/27/2002).

However, this design is expensive and requires significant labor costs in the manufacture, and an increase in the thickness of the insulation along the entire facade of the building leads to a significant increase in the cost of the entire structure

A wall structure is known comprising an outer wall covering layer, an inner continuous wall bearing layer, a middle wall insulation layer, a coating plate resting on a wall bearing layer, an insulation layer laid on a coating plate, and openings are made in the internal wall bearing layer such that their lower mark coincides with the vapor barrier layer laid on the coating plate, and the height of the openings is less than or equal to the thickness of the insulation, while the openings themselves are filled with insulation, and the width of the walls between the openings is determined is their bearing capacity for the perception of loads (Pat. RF. No. 2190734, IPC Е04В 1/38, 10.10.2002).

However, this multilayer wall construction in the presented embodiment is unnecessarily material-intensive, and therefore, significantly expensive.

The closest technical solution is a method of erecting a building envelope and a device for its implementation, which is a frame-monolithic multi-layer building envelope for erecting walls of buildings, including a frame for attaching formwork from removable or non-removable cladding, the internal space of which after mounting the frame and installing it in the design the position is filled with a hardening solution, while the frame is made in the form of a cellular spatial lattice structure of frames connected by cords with the help of one-piece joints, and porous concrete is used as a hardening mortar.

The frame can be made in the form of a spatial lattice structure made of wood with cell sizes exceeding 40 × 45 × 40 cm.

On the surface of the frame inside the premises, a fixed casing is installed, ready for finishing from sheets made of a number of materials: drywall, plywood, chipboard.

Inside the frame before pouring the mortar, the communications of the building are placed (US Pat. RF on PM No. 47935, E04G 11/10 of September 10, 2005).

Despite the noteworthy proposed technical solution for frame-monolithic construction of the building, nevertheless, the presented design of the building is associated with the complexity and material consumption during its construction, with the need to attract heavy transport equipment and with increased terms and cost of construction.

The technical task of the proposed invention is to reduce the construction time, increase the operating life, reduce the cost of construction, minimize the cost of building materials and increase work efficiency.

The technical problem of the proposed invention is provided by the following.

The method of erecting a monolithic building structure of a building or structure is characterized in that, on a specially prepared foundation, at the first stage of erection, a metal frame is assembled from light steel galvanized thin-walled channel-shaped elements in cross section, then the outer and inner panels of fixed formwork are mounted on the frame, after which the inner the space between the formwork panels is poured with gypsum-concrete aggregate, forming with the latter, after curing, mono cast wall panel, and channel-shaped elements transversely located relative to the wall panel are made with perforations along the entire length to eliminate the cold bridge in the panel, while building the ceiling is also performed on the basis of part of the wall panel elements, and the metal frame is first assembled and installed, also made of lightweight steel galvanized thin-walled channel-shaped in the cross section of the elements, then wood-cement boards are attached from below to the frame Then poured frame gypsum foam concrete aggregate, and after curing is initially set top wooden flooring, and then it is laid on the protective coating of Steklomagnezitovye sheet.

In addition, in the method of erecting a monolithic building structure of a building or structure, wood-cement boards are used as external and internal panels of fixed formwork, or fiber cement boards are used as external and internal formwork panels, or glass and magnesia plates are used as external and internal formwork panels, or as external and internal formwork panels, plaster plates are used

The method of erecting a monolithic building structure of a building or structure is illustrated in the drawing, where Fig. 1 shows a general view of a monolithic building structure; figure 2 shows a fragment of a wall panel; figure 3 shows a channel-shaped element of a metal frame.

The building structure for implementing the method of erecting a monolithic building structure of a building or structure contains a metal frame 1 assembled from lightweight steel galvanized thin-walled elements 2 and 3 of a channel-shaped cross-section, outer shields 4 and inner shields 5 of fixed formwork, gypsum-concrete aggregate 6, a monolithic wall panel 7. The channel-shaped elements 2 transversely located relative to the wall panel 7 are made with perforated notches 8. Overlap 9 of a monolithic steel oitelnoy structure comprises a base in the form of wood-cement board 10 on which the metal frame, gypsum foam concrete aggregate, and wood flooring 11 steklomagnezitovy sheet 12.

The construction of building envelopes, ceilings and partitions of buildings and structures using the Bliss House technology minimizes the cost of building materials and mechanisms, as well as drastically reduces the time of work with minimal involvement of skilled labor, while the quality of wall surfaces requires the lowest cost for finishing work .

The basis of the Bliss House technology design is a metal frame made of light steel thin-walled structures (LSTK).

Due to the ease of LSTK structures, installation, assembly and installation do not require the use of lifting equipment, welding and are carried out according to the "designer" method, where the component parts are connected one to the other by means of self-tapping screws or bolts. Moreover, a large number of personnel involved in the construction is not required.

The construction of a monolithic building structure of a building or structure is as follows.

On a specially prepared foundation, at the first stage of erection, the metal frame 1 is assembled from lightweight steel galvanized thin-walled elements 2 and 3 (LSTC) of the channel shape in cross section, then the outer panels 4 and the inner panels 5 of the fixed formwork are mounted on the frame, after which the internal space between formwork shields are poured with gypsum concrete aggregate 6, forming together with the shields after building strength a monolithic wall panel 7. Transversely located relative to the wall panel 7 velleroobraznye members 2 operate with perforations embossments 8 the entire length of the element to eliminate a cold bridge panel. Prior to filling gypsum concrete aggregate, it is possible to lay transit in the frame for electrical and plumbing communications. The erection of the building floor 9 is also carried out on the basis of a part of the elements of the wall panel 7, whereby the metal frame is assembled and installed, then a wood-cement plate 10 is attached to the frame from the bottom, then the frame is filled with gypsum-concrete aggregate, and after building strength, the wooden flooring 11 is initially installed from above. and then a protective coating is laid on it in the form of a glass-magnesite sheet 12. At the same time, the base of the ceiling includes metal trusses from LSTK with a height of 250-300 mm. From below, a plate 6-10 mm thick is attached to the metal elements of the farm, which rigidly connects all the elements together, forming a space for laying hidden communications and further filling with gypsum concrete. A board 40 mm thick is attached to the top of the frame to increase the strength of the structure. The final material in the ceiling is a glass-magnesite sheet with a thickness of 6-8 mm to protect the structure from fire. Thus, a warm, sound-absorbing floor made of environmentally friendly materials that is not amenable to combustion is obtained. The quality of the floor surface is ready for the finishing work.

New opportunities to improve the quality and accuracy of construction, reduce costs and reduce timelines are the result of the development of frame construction technology using LSTK.

The reason steel has not previously been used in exterior wall structures is due to its high thermal conductivity, which contributed to the formation of “cold bridges”. "Cold bridges" are formed in elements with good thermal conductivity, passing along the entire cross section of the wall, and cause a significant loss of heat, as well as freezing of the inner surface of the wall and condensation, which destructively affects the wall structure and decoration materials.

In the proposed design of the external walls, steel profiles with a minimum cross section are used, in which stitch perforations are made in a checkerboard pattern to increase the heat flow path. LSTK technology allows you to quickly and efficiently build buildings for various purposes: private houses up to 3 floors, as well as multi-storey buildings using various types of frame. Using LSTK technology allows you to build objects of different functional purpose: it can be a residential apartment building, a private mansion, an office or warehouse building, a shopping center or a car dealership.

As a load-bearing wall structure of low-rise (up to three floors) buildings and as a non-load-bearing enclosing structure of high-rise buildings, a prefabricated frame structure of lightweight galvanized steel thin-walled channel-shaped cross-sectional elements is used.

Perforations were made in the walls of the elements by stamping to reduce the natural thermal conductivity of the metal by 80-90%. The production of profiles at the plant is made precisely to size, which eliminates the overrun of materials that are calculated during the design process.

Since structures made of light galvanized thermo-profiles and light beams are lightweight, there is no need to use traditional foundations.

The use of glass-magnesite sheets in the proposed design also increases the efficiency of its use, since this material has increased fire resistance and moisture resistance.

Thus, the proposed technical solution has several advantages compared to previously known similar solutions, namely: tight construction time, increased operating time, ease of assembly and installation, no need to attract heavy construction equipment, the possibility of planning the interior space on the customer’s request.

Claims (5)

1. The method of erecting a monolithic building structure of a building or structure, characterized in that, on a specially prepared foundation, at the first stage of erection, a metal frame is assembled from light steel galvanized thin-walled channel-shaped elements in cross section, then the outer and inner panels of fixed formwork are mounted on the frame after which the internal space between the panels of the fixed formwork is filled with gypsum-concrete aggregate, forming with the latter after recruitment strength, a monolithic wall panel, and channel-shaped elements transversely located relative to the wall panel are made with perforations along the entire length to eliminate the cold bridge in the panel, while the building is also erected on the basis of part of the wall panel elements, and the metal frame is first assembled and installed, also made of lightweight steel galvanized thin-walled, channel-shaped in cross section of elements, then wood is attached from below to the frame - a cement slab and fill the frame with gypsum-concrete aggregate, and after curing, a wooden flooring is first installed on top, and then a protective coating of glass-magnesia sheet is laid on it. 2. The method of erecting a monolithic building structure of a building or structure according to claim 1, characterized in that wood-cement slabs are used as external and internal panels of fixed formwork. 3. The method of erecting a monolithic building structure of a building or structure according to claim 1, characterized in that fiber cement boards are used as the outer and inner panels of the fixed formwork. 4. The method of erecting a monolithic building structure of a building or structure according to claim 1, characterized in that glass and magnesia boards are used as the outer and inner panels of the fixed formwork. 5. The method of erecting a monolithic building structure of a building or structure according to claim 1, characterized in that plasterboards are used as the outer and inner panels of the fixed formwork.

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