RU2248433C1 - Stationary falsework, method for assembling the latter and method for construction of monolithic walls and structures in stationary falsework - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building and construction.

SUBSTANCE: falsework has panels, placed in parallel, and rigid fixing elements, placed at an angle to surfaces of panels, while falsework is provided with vertical posts with means for connection of panels and hinges, placed on outer side of vertical posts along their height, panels of falsework are made meshed, rigid fixing element, connecting vertical posts and concurrently performing joint connection function - hinges, is connected to vertical posts with their possible rotation in fixing means, providing for possible displacement of panels, and is made in form of rod, bent in zigzag shape with forming of portions, placed in plan at an angle to panels surfaces, and portions in zone of rod bend, parallel to flat outer wall of vertical post and in contact with it. Also described are method for assembling falsework and method for construction of monolithic walls and buildings.

EFFECT: simplified technology.

3 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of industrial and civil engineering, and in particular to methods of erecting monolithic walls of buildings and structures in fixed formwork, for the construction of adjacent walls, partitions between apartments, load-bearing walls, walls for pools, reinforcing facade walls during restoration work, for the manufacture of walls under water from reinforced concrete.

Fixed formwork is known for the erection of a monolithic structure (certificate of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 24487, 2002), including parallel formwork panels reinforced with frames of horizontal and vertical rods and made of mineral wool with a density of at least 100 kg / m ³ , reinforcement cages made with mounting loops protruding above the surface of the inner sides of the formwork panels, and the fixing elements of the formwork are made in the form of a mounting grid of interconnected longitudinal and transverse rods, while the ends of the transverse rods are bent in opposite directions and engaged with mounting loops of reinforcement cages.

The closest analogue to the proposed fixed formwork and the method of its assembly is a design comprising formwork blocks of longitudinal prefabricated walls with embedded parts and fixing protrusions on the edges and connecting ties placed obliquely to the surfaces of the walls and made in the form of separate reinforcing bars placed obliquely to the surfaces walls in plan and in height, each pair of walls is connected by at least two multidirectional rods with a slope in height and at least one rod with the bosom in the plan, and the slanted rods in the plan are placed at the upper edge of the formwork blocks, and diagonal reinforcing bars are installed in the joining areas of the formwork blocks, the connection of the rods with embedded parts in the enlargement assembly of the formwork blocks is done in welding, and fastening during installation before mounting in the building the conditions established in the areas of joining of diagonal rods - on a wire.

The assembly of the above construction is carried out by known methods. In this case, the walls are installed with ligation of vertical joints and the structure is mounted with the preliminary assembly of formwork blocks. The rods are connected to the filling parts and to each other on a wire, welding, bolts, etc.

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is:

- the inability to use this formwork for the construction of monolithic oval, inclined walls, pools, etc .;

- the need to assemble the structure at the construction site, the inability to transport finished formwork made and assembled in the factory.

There is a method of erecting walls of buildings using fixed formwork, including reinforced concrete panels and fasteners, each shield made of several parts interconnected by flexible ties, which are used as shield reinforcement (USSR author's certificate 968259).

The disadvantages of this method include the complexity of installing the formwork at the construction site (the need to assemble the formwork in several stages: assembling panels using welding, hitching external and internal panels separately by means of a heavy crane, attaching to spatial frames, final fixing with clamping bars and anchor bolts, after concreting walls and hardening concrete, removing anchor bolts, which are cold bridges and clamping bars.

There is a method of erecting monolithic walls of buildings in fixed formwork, including installing external and internal formwork panels and securing them in the design position, while after installing external formwork panels they attach vertical diaphragms of low thermal conductivity material to which internal formwork panels and vertical diaphragms are connected fasten evenly along the walls being erected (USSR copyright certificate 1673716).

The disadvantages of this method are the heterogeneity of the properties of a monolithic wall, divided by vertical diaphragms into separate cavities, the complexity of the technology due to the fact that concreting is carried out with interruptions to build up the inner formwork panel (significant labor costs), insufficient bearing capacity of the walls. Vertical diaphragms divide the wall into separate cavities and do not allow the installation of reinforcing meshes and frames for the construction of multi-storey buildings, i.e. the scope of this fixed formwork design is limited.

The closest analogue of the proposed method is the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2198988, E 04 G 11/02 a method of erecting monolithic walls of buildings and structures in fixed formwork, including the installation of external and internal formwork panels and fixing them in the design position, while installing on the technological horizon at the same time, the external and internal separate formwork panels of wood-mineral materials and fix them on top with flexible ties in the form of mounting clamps that secure the upper faces of the department GOVERNMENTAL internal and external shields in design position. The first row of separate external and internal shields is installed on the capture, section or floor around the perimeter of the walls and partitions. Then, along the flexible connections of the first row of separate external and internal panels, simultaneously, from the separate external and internal panels, using the flexible connections, the second row of external and internal formwork panels is simultaneously installed, then all the operations of installing separate external and internal panels using flexible connections are repeated on subsequent rows of the assembly external and internal formwork panels. Thus, from separate external and internal panels with the help of flexible connections, both external and internal formwork panels are assembled along the walls and partitions to the height of the floor. Then the concrete mixture is laid in a fixed formwork formed of external and internal formwork panels evenly around the perimeter of walls and partitions, while the concrete mixture evenly under pressure of its own weight extends the external and internal panels of each row to the stop along flexible connections and fixes the planes of external and internal formwork panels strictly in the design position with the same wall thickness.

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is:

- bulkiness of the structure during transportation to the construction site;

- the inability to manufacture the structure in an industrial way and transport it to the construction site as independent separate blocks;

- insufficient mechanical strength for walls requiring increased strength and earthquake-resistant;

- the inability to apply for the construction of monolithic walls of pools.

The objective of the invention (a method of erecting monolithic walls) is to simplify the technology of erecting walls from monolithic concrete and to increase productivity with high quality work due to the manufacture of fixed formwork in an industrial way (in the factory).

The tasks for fixed formwork and the method of its assembly are solved due to the fact that individual separate blocks of fixed formwork are manufactured in an industrial way and assembled at a construction site for a given design size. Fixed formwork is made of parallel panels and at least one rigid fastener (rod) placed (when viewed from above) obliquely to the surfaces of the panels. The formwork is equipped with vertical racks with means for attaching panels located on the outer side of the vertical racks along their height. The rigid fastening element performs the function of a loop, is rotatably connected to vertical racks to bring the panels together and is made in the form of a rod curved in the form of a zigzag with the formation of sections located in plan obliquely to the surfaces of the panels, and sections in the bend zone of the rod parallel to the panels and vertical racks on the outside, and panels of fixed formwork made mesh with horizontal and / or vertical stiffeners.

Mesh panels of fixed formwork can be made of metal mesh (for example, OTs-055 × 1250 tape GOST 19904-90) and secured by means for their fastening on two rows of vertical bearing posts made of galvanized profile with an open box in cross section. The height of the racks can be made up to 6 m.

External panels with internal ones are connected, as a rule, by several rigid fasteners that perform the function of a hinge, made of galvanized reinforcement with a special configuration (“zigzag”), which allows folding panels, reducing the space between the external and internal mesh panels. The hinges, as it were, interweave the vertical posts, connecting the rack of one row with the rack of another row, spaced apart by the step between the racks, respectively, while the loop rod is inclined to the flat outer wall of the vertical rack and to the mesh panel (or tangent to it, if the panel is curved). In height, adjacent loops are shifted by a step between the uprights, which provides additional strength for the wall being erected.

A method of assembling a fixed formwork is that the vertical formwork racks are horizontally laid on the assembly stand with a given step so that one row of racks is opposite the other row at a distance equal to the thickness of the concrete wall being erected, after which the vertical racks are connected by rigid fasteners that simultaneously perform the function of the hinges that allow folding the formwork during transportation and push it apart at the construction site at a width equal to the thickness of the wall being erected, the hinges are formed from a rod when zigzag type with straight parallel sections to each other in the area of the zigzag peaks, during assembly, the loop is positioned so that the sections of the rod located inside the formwork are inclined to the mesh panels and (or) to the flat outer walls of the vertical struts, and the straight sections parallel to each other the hinges are placed on the outside of the vertical rack in the means for attaching the mesh panels and loops, after which the mesh panels are hung on the means for attaching the mesh panels and loops and the loops are fixed together with the mesh and panels in the attachment means so that the hinges are rotatable.

Insulating panels can be installed on the mesh panels from the outside or from the inside if necessary.

When installed on a construction site, the panels are moved apart by a loop width equal to the thickness of the wall being erected. Then the space between the panels is poured with concrete mortar.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - block fixed formwork in the working position;

figure 2 - block fixed formwork during transportation;

figure 3 is a diagram of the assembly of vertical formwork racks in the assembly stand in a horizontal position:

figure 4 is a view of B in figure 3;

figure 5 - vertical formwork;

Fig.6 is a section aa in Fig.5;

figure 7 - rigid fastener - loop formwork;

on Fig is a fragment of a mesh panel.

Fixed formwork includes vertical posts 1, which are the supporting element of the formwork block and are made, for example, of galvanized steel profile in the form of an open box 0.55 mm thick, up to 6 m long, installed in the formwork block with a pitch l of up to 230 mm (Fig. .3 and 4). Along the central axis of symmetry of the flat outer wall of the vertical rack 1 and on its lateral surfaces, longitudinal radial (r = 2 mm) grooves 5 can be made to give the rack 1 additional rigidity. In cross section, the height of the side walls 3 of the vertical strut 1 is preferably from 0.3 to 0.5 of the width of its flat outer wall. The side walls 3 of the rack have bends 4, facing the inside of the profile and directed parallel to the flat outer wall of the open box at 0.2 of the width of the flat outer wall of the vertical rack.

The mesh panels 10 of the fixed formwork are made of a mesh profile, which consists of a mesh with stiffeners 11 in the form of strips of solid metal, made with a pitch of, for example, 100 mm The mesh profile is made by cold rolling from galvanized sheet steel, preferably up to 0.4 mm thick.

Between themselves, the vertical racks 1 and the mesh panels 10 are connected by a rigid fastener formed by a steel rod, a curved zigzag and acting as a hinge - a pivoting loop 7 that moves the mesh panels 10 towards each other (convergence of the mesh panels when the formwork is transported). Between the inclined sections 8 of the loops 7 (forming the “zigzag” configuration) there are straight sections 9 parallel to each other, which, when the loops 7 are installed in the working position, are parallel to the plane of the mesh panel 10 (in case the panel is flat) and (or) the flat outer wall is vertical racks 1. The distance between the straight sections of the loops 7 (the length and angle of inclination of the sections of the rod located obliquely to the plane of the mesh panels and / or the flat outer wall of the vertical profile) determines the distance between the mesh panels 10 thickness of the future concrete wall. The inclined sections 8 of the loop 7 are joined at an angle ± α with straight parallel sections 9, spanning the vertical posts 1 from the outside, the length of these sections depending on the width of the flat outer wall of the vertical posts 1 (it is almost equal to or slightly exceeds it).

On the outer wall of the vertical rack 1 with a certain step (mainly up to 400 mm), the means 2 are made for attaching the mesh panels 10 and loops along the height of the rack. Means for attaching the mesh panels can be, for example, the petals 2 obtained by cutting a flat outer wall of the rack 1, to which the mesh panels and loops are attached by deformation (bending).

The dimensions of the mesh panels 10 depend on the specific design of the wall being built. The height of the mesh panel 10 is typically up to 600 mm. The number of mesh panels in block 10 depends on the height of the uprights, which is usually not more than 6000 mm. The length of the mesh panel 10 is set by the construction project.

Heat insulating plates 12 can be attached to the inner and / or outer sides of the mesh panels 10.

In the design of the formwork block, additional steel vertical racks 13 can be introduced, which are used in the construction of more durable concrete walls, including earthquake-resistant. In these cases, additional vertical posts 12 are installed in a concrete foundation in two rows at a distance from each other and are connected to each other by wire 14 or other reinforcement. Then, on the additional rows of vertical racks 13, a block of fixed formwork is put on top and the entire space between the mesh panels 6 is poured with concrete.

The proposed design of fixed formwork allows it to be manufactured and assembled industrially outside the construction site.

The method of assembly of fixed formwork is carried out on stands as follows.

In accordance with the project, the estimated number of blocks of fixed formwork is determined, parts that are part of the construction of the blocks are manufactured in an industrial way. Industrial production of parts of fixed formwork is transferred to assembly shops, where each unit of fixed formwork is assembled on special stands. The formwork assembly is carried out in two stages:

- 1st stage - the manufacture of one-sided formwork panels, while for each formwork two identical one-sided panels are made, connecting racks 1 with loops 7 through two steps between the vertical formwork racks. For example, connect racks 1 ', 3', 5 '(Fig. 4) with fastening on the racks of horizontal sections - 9 loops - 7, while horizontal sections -9, designed to connect racks 2', 4 ', 6' remain free (without racks).

- 2nd stage - two identical one-sided panels are transferred to a double-sided stand of the final formwork assembly. On one-sided stand on two sides (at a distance equal to the thickness of the wall being erected) two one-sided boards are hung, turning the loops 90 ° towards each other, the missing racks - 1 are inserted into the formed empty spaces of the horizontal sections of the loops and the loops are fixed on them. Thus, the racks are connected according to the scheme from the spirit of the parties: 1 ″, 2 ″, 3 ″, 4 ″, 5 ″, 6 ″ and 1 ', 2', 3 ', 4', 5 ', 6', with the corresponding distance between vertical racks at a construction site. When this loop 7 is hung on a vertical rack 1 so that the straight parallel to each other sections 9 of the loops 7 are located between the petals 2 ("antennae"). Then, mesh panels 10 are hung on the petals 2 of the vertical posts 1 (as if they cover the vertical posts 1 with mesh panels 10). On the same petals 2, as mentioned above, previously laid horizontal sections of 9 loops 7.

After that, the petals 2 are deformed (squeezed), simultaneously fixing the mesh panels 10 and leaving the possibility of turning the loop 7. As a result, a single structure is formed - vertical posts 1, loops 7, mesh panels 10. If necessary, heat-insulating plates 12 are installed on the mesh panels 10.

Finished formwork blocks, consisting of vertical racks 1 with mesh panels 10 interconnected by rigid fasteners - loops 7, are removed from the stand and folded by turning the straight sections of the loops 9 relative to their longitudinal axis, while the inclined sections of the loops 8, determining the distance between mesh panels 10, rotate relative to the longitudinal axes of the straight sections 9 of the loops 7 and tend to occupy a position almost parallel to mesh panels 10. The mesh panels 10 converge and move up and down relative completely different, while the dimensions of the formwork (thickness) are significantly reduced, and the vertical posts 1, located on one side of the formwork, lie on the vertical posts located on the opposite side of the formwork block (figure 2).

Thus, there is a significant decrease in the size of fixed formwork, which, in turn, reduces the number of units of transport required to transport blocks to the construction site. At the same time, high product quality is ensured due to the fact that all operations for assembling the formwork block are carried out on a stand in stationary conditions.

The erection of a monolithic wall of a building and structure using individual blocks of fixed formwork assembled at the stand is performed as follows.

At the construction site, the mesh panels 10 are extended to a width determined by the parameters of the inclined section 9 of the loop 7. The loops 7 in this position perform the function of rigid connections between the mesh panels 10 and the vertical posts 1 over the entire height of the posts 1 with a certain step between them.

The estimated number of fixed formwork blocks is installed in the working position along the perimeter of the building under construction (Fig. 1) and the space between the mesh panels 10 is poured with concrete mortar, distributing it uniformly throughout the space to the height of the vertical posts 1.

If it is necessary to increase the height of the walls greater than the height of the racks of the 1 formwork block, the subsequent rows of fixed formwork blocks are installed on the previous concrete formwork rows and each of them is also poured according to the proposed scheme.

For the construction of walls of higher strength or seismic-resistant around the perimeter walls of a building under construction, the calculated number of additional steel vertical posts 13, interconnected by reinforcement 14, is erected, the posts 13 are fixed in concrete before the installation of fixed formwork blocks. Then, on the additional vertical racks 13, the finished blocks of fixed formwork are lowered in the working position from the top (panels 10 are deployed to the thickness of the wall being erected) and the entire space between the panels 10 is poured with concrete.

Increasing the height of the walls of the building is performed as described above by installing subsequent rows of formwork blocks after pouring the previous ones.

Claims (6)

1. Non-removable formwork, including parallel panels and rigid fasteners, placed obliquely to the surfaces of the panels, while the formwork is equipped with vertical posts with means for attaching the panels and loops located on the outside of the vertical posts along their height, the panels of the fixed formwork are mesh, a rigid fastener connecting vertical racks and simultaneously performing the function of a swivel - loop, connected to the vertical racks with the possibility of rotation in means for attachment, which enables the movement of panels, and is made in the form of a rod, curved in the form of a zigzag with the formation of sections located in plan obliquely to the surfaces of the panels, and sections in the zone of bending of the rod parallel to the flat outer wall of the upright and in contact with it. 2. A method of assembling a fixed formwork, namely, that the vertical formwork racks are horizontally laid on the assembly stand with a given step so that one row of racks is located opposite the other row at a distance equal to the thickness of the concrete wall being built, after which the vertical racks are connected by rigid fasteners at the same time performing the function of loops, allowing folding the formwork during transportation and distributing them at the construction site to a width equal to the thickness of the wall being erected, while the loops are formed from the rod, curved in the form of a zigzag with straight, parallel to each other sections in the zone of the vertices of the zigzag, when assembling the loop is positioned so that the sections of the rod located inside the formwork are inclined to the mesh panels and (or) the flat outer walls of the vertical posts, and the straight, parallel to each other, sections of loops are located on the outside of the vertical rack in the means for attaching mesh panels and loops, after which mesh panels are hung on the means for attaching mesh panels and loops and the loops are fixed and tchatye panel means for attaching such a way that the loops have the ability to rotate. 3. The method of assembling a fixed formwork according to claim 2, characterized in that heat-insulating boards are installed on the mesh panels. 4. A method of erecting monolithic concrete walls of buildings and structures in a fixed formwork, characterized in that they use a fixed formwork including parallel mesh panels, vertical posts with means for attaching panels and loops located on the outside of the vertical posts in height, and connecting they are between each other a rigid fastener that simultaneously performs the function of a hinge - a loop, the loop is connected to vertical posts with the possibility of rotation and is made in the form of erasers zigzag bent with the formation of sections located in the plan obliquely to the surfaces of the panels, and sections in the bend of the rod parallel to the flat outer wall of the vertical rack and in contact with it, while the mesh panels are extended to a width determined by the parameters of the loop, which is rigid the connection between the vertical racks, as well as the mesh panels, install the fixed formwork in the working position along the perimeter of the building or structure under construction and fill the space between the mesh panels and concrete mortar to the height of vertical columns. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that to increase the height of the wall being erected, subsequent fixed formwork blocks are installed around the entire perimeter of the previous formwork row of a building or structure under construction, the number of vertical rows of fixed formwork blocks depending on the height of the vertical struts in the formwork blocks and height the wall being built. 6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that when erecting walls of increased strength and earthquake-resistant along the perimeter of the foundation before installing blocks of fixed formwork, two additional rows of steel vertical posts are installed, and the rows are spaced from each other at a distance equal to the thickness of the wall being erected and connect additional vertical racks to each other by means of reinforcement, then subsequent blocks of fixed formwork with panels deployed to the thickness of the walls being erected are put on top of the rows of additional racks to, after which the space between the mesh panels is poured with concrete mortar.

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