RU2580670C1 - Adobe-wood wall - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, particularly, to erection of adobe walls in low-rise buildings. Adobe-wood wall of single-layer structure includes in its body woodpile dry stab of any wood, laid on clay (puddle clay) or clay-straw mixture. For stability and strength of angles of house in angles are laid logs of double and more length with criss-cross over each other, thus forming in corner wooden mesh and elongation play anchoring role and ensure stability of building in general. Logs in the wall can, alternatively, be applied not only perpendicular to axis of walls, but also diagonally at angle of 45° alternately, which also promotes stability of wall. For purpose of improving thermal properties of wall, close to heat conductivity properties of wood across fibres and improvement of characteristics of structure walls at water and steam permeability, ends of all logs facing inside cabin, covered with bitumen or bitumen mastic and wooden elements completely hidden in wall thickness without opening texture.

EFFECT: technical result is upgraded strength characteristics and thermal properties of wall, as well as its fire resistance.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, and in particular when erecting mud walls of low-rise buildings, and can be used in connection with increased requirements for thermal protection of buildings, which cannot be ensured during the erection of mud walls (adobe) and with single-layer erected using the technology of “clay peel”.

Clay (clay-straw) walls were previously used (Explanatory Dictionary of V. Dahl, Volume 2, p. 355, Russian Language, 1989 - see the text for the word “clay”).

But adobe houses (adobe houses), as mentioned above, without warming measures do not meet modern heat engineering requirements or should be too thick (2.0 m or more).

In excavations, remains similar to clay structures using wood elements dating back to the 10th century A.D., were found in Greece, in Siberia (see Wikipedia section history address: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glinorachka). Probably, these primitive buildings were erected because of the simplicity and the availability of abundant local materials.

Structures in the form of protective fortresses with thick walls made of logs stacked in alternating rows are known in Europe - a row of logs along the wall, the other crosswise, stacked in clay mixture.

These structures have nothing to do with housing, but give an idea of the possibility of combining wood-clay.

In America, there is a whole architectural and construction direction (see Internet address: http://vicag64.ucoz.ru/_fr/3/Rob_Roy-Cordwoo.pdf).

But there basically these decisions are applied from design considerations, for design purposes; using in buildings - outbuildings, fences, gazebos, verandas, summer cottages (chalets), and these are all unheated buildings and stipulates that hardwood trees (oak, beech, maple, ash) should be used. As for warm houses, the wall is recommended for a special multi-layer construction and a frame is arranged to ensure stability, and in the corners are provided log posts (like a log house) using a beam.

There are also modern searches for acceptable solutions using wood elements in combination with clay mass, called “clay peeler” technology (see Wikipedia materials at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Glinoruch including the Internet : http://svoya-izba.ru/2013/02/24glinochurka-solomermye-bloki-ideainoe-sochetan strojmaterialov /).

This is taken as a prototype.

The use of round dry chocks (chock denotes a round tree) is characteristic of structures made of “clay chock”, but chipped dry logs laid in walls with clay mortar with the possible addition of sawdust or straw section, but, as a rule, with an open texture, are allowed - see phrase from Wikipedia "... the ends of the chocks protrude a little from the wall ...". It pursues design goals (attractive unusual look). As a rule, such solutions are used in summer cottages (a house, a veranda, a gazebo, a shed, and other small buildings).

As for warm homes for a year-round stay, multilayer constructions are offered, for example, a phrase from Wikipedia ... “I am building a house - the base is a log house + outside of a clay stove; an extension of the terrace - there will be adobe + clay-pot ”.

All solutions based on the “clay-peeler” technology of a single-layer design do not meet the requirements for air and steam permeability resistance, and also do not meet modern requirements for wall heat transfer resistance for reasons of energy and resource conservation, requiring a greater thickness, since the thermal conductivity along the fibers is two times worse than across the fibers, and therefore can only be successfully used for non-heated rooms.

The aim: to offer an ordinary village house - simple, warm, durable, cheap, fireproof (difficult to burn), with the possibility of erecting it (home) from any kind of firewood that meets all modern requirements.

The technical task is to improve the strength characteristics and thermotechnical properties of the wall in order to reduce the thickness.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the wall is formed not of just clay mass, but of alternating layers of chopped logs (firewood) rammed into clay (a clay layer - a layer of logs, a clay layer - a layer of logs, etc.).

In this case, the clay layer may be in the form of:

1) a solution (test) purely from clay, or

2) with the addition of straw or other fibrous materials for less shrinkage and to increase crack resistance,

3) the clay layer is made of clay-lime or clay-cement mortars for greater wall strength or

4) replace the clay layer with a cement-lime mortar in general, which allows you to work in the winter using the "thermos" method (this can also be considered a technical result).

To protect the wall from air and steam penetration and to improve the heat resistance of the wall (logs along the fibers), one of the ends of all the logs should be dipped in hot bitumen or bitumen mastic and laid in the walls with these ends towards the room.

With this design, the thermal resistance is close to the property of the tree across the fibers, which allows to reduce the wall thickness by half.

For better strength in corners and intersections, poles or elongated logs should be laid equal in length to at least twice the thickness of the mating walls with overlap (alternating row over row), forming a grid in the corners, and the elongations are an anchoring element and thereby ensure stability of the corner and the house generally.

In piers with a width of more than 3 wall thicknesses, it is recommended that adjacent to the slopes alternate rows with overlap, using logs of the same length, forming in these places a kind of “mesh wood reinforcement”.

In narrow piers with a width of up to 3 wall thicknesses, lay poles or elongated logs, alternating - a series of transversely stacked logs, the next row of longitudinally stacked poles (logs).

It is possible to stack logs diagonally at an angle of 45 ° to the axis of the walls, alternating, which creates special stability of the masonry.

It should be noted that the slopes in the openings, especially in the places where the window or door outdoor units adjoin, are problematic due to the possibility of moisture condensation. Therefore, one or two logs, extreme to the slope, should be covered with hot bitumen (tar), as well as dip the ends of the logs stacked with the ends to the slope 15-20 cm in hot bitumen or bitumen mastic.

In the corners and piers, you can lay the thermal liner, further improving the thermal properties. As thermal liners, it is possible to use recyclable foam plastic elements for packaging electrical appliances and household appliances.

You can fill the gaps between the logs in the places where the thermal liners are laid shortly, with a trim of woodworking waste.

As jumpers over openings up to 1.0 m, poles can be used, and with a larger width, a bar can be used.

The wall is formed by a single-layer structure in uniform rows, as follows (see Fig. 1-7):

1. On the waterproofing layer (item 1 of Fig. 1, 2) laid along the base (item 2), a layer of binder (item 3) (clay, clay mixture, mortar) is laid.

2. A layer of logs (wood) (pos. 4) is laid across this freshly laid layer across the wall, abutting each other, squeezing out the solution (mixture) and thus enveloping the wood elements, and so layer by layer in uniform rows forms a monolithic wall , after hardening turns into a strong single-layer monolith. The ends of the logs facing inwards should be coated with bitumen (item 7). In FIG. 4 (item 6) shows a diagonal installation option.

3. The options for stacking logs in the piers are shown in FIG. 2, and in FIG. 5 - for narrow piers; where (pos. 4) - short logs, and (pos. 5) - long logs, (pos. 7) - bitumen coating.

4. The laying of logs in the corners is shown in FIG. 3, where there are short logs (pos. 4), long elements (pos. 5), bitumen coating - (pos. 7).

In FIG. 6 shows the insulation of the corners, in FIG. 7 - insulation of the walls, where (pos. 8) - thermal liners. The gaps between the logs at the places where the thermal liners are laid can be filled with shorts (waste scrap) in FIG. 6, 7 (item 9).

Stacking of logs to simplify the technology of construction is carried out in the formwork, while the wall will represent a single common monolith. It is possible to lay without formwork in the "wasteland", while after shrinkage of the masonry, the walls are necessarily plastered. Such a closed structure does not allow various insects to penetrate into cracks and live there, and at the same time increases fire resistance.

When laying walls, it is necessary to provide for shrinkage breaks (breaking up into plots of less than 10 m), usually in the window sill, with their filling at the end of construction.

A positive result, as can be seen from the description, is achieved by interspersing in the adobe mass of wooden elements, which significantly prevail in volume and can be 70-75%, and the tree has good heat-shielding properties. And for even better thermal protection and to protect against vapor permeability and moisture from condensation in slopes, cover the ends of the logs with bitumen. These wooden elements can be from any poles, firewood (curved, clumsy) of any breed, as well as from woodworking waste, but should only be used dried to an air-dry state (12-15%) and cleaned of bark.

For a better bond and for greater strength of the walls and walls, especially in places where the floors support, you can use reinforcement including Recommended from composite reinforcement (minimum diameters). Reinforcement is also recommended to provide structurally in the level of the window sill and in the level above the lintels.

In this case, the overlapping of one (first) floor can be reinforced concrete. With monolithic ceilings with supports of at least 250 mm and taking into account the use of lime-cement mortar with reinforcement in the masonry in the upper rows, the load is better redistributed, and the lean on the contours reduces the load on the walls by half. In addition, rafter legs are attached to the reinforced concrete floors with twists, which ensures stability from the roof drift.

And this is a positive technical result.

To improve the architectural appearance, the main facade (or walls - along the entire perimeter) can be lined with: 1) brick (half-brick or “on the edge”), 2) siding, 3) any facing material or plaster.

Cladding or plastering of external walls is a protection against atmospheric precipitation and must be foreseen.

Walls on the inside must be plastered.

At the same time, wall lining and plastering should be carried out no less than a year (the minimum period of drying, shrinkage) after construction, taking measures for this period to protect the walls from atmospheric precipitation.

It should be noted that everyone can build such houses, since kneading clay and chopping wood does not require special qualifications, and laying them in a woodpile on clay is also necessary. And this is certainly a positive point.

The positive can also be attributed to the fact that firewood is a renewable resource and its availability is enormous, especially since even in villages not only gas is used for food preparation, but also for heating, and there are more and more wastes in woodworking and sanitary felling of forests. , and in the mud walls even brushwood can be used.

Claims (3)

1. The adobe-wood wall of a single-layer construction, including in its body a pile of dry chopped firewood of any breed laid on clay (clay dough) or clay-straw mixture, characterized in that for the stability and strength of the corners of the house, logs doubled and more are laid in corners lengths overlapping each other, forming a wood net in the corner, and elongations play an anchoring role and ensure the stability of the house as a whole; at the same time, logs in the wall can, as an option, be laid not only perpendicular to the axis of the wall, but also alternately diagonally at a 45 ° angle, which also contributes to the stability of the wall, while in order to improve the thermal properties of the wall, which are close to the thermal conductivity of the wood across the fibers and improve the characteristics of the wall design in terms of breathability, the ends of all logs facing the inside of the hut are smeared with bitumen or bitumen mastic, while the wood elements are completely hidden in the thickness of the wall without showdown texture. 2. The adobe-wood wall according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to further improve the thermal characteristics in the corner of the house, and possibly in the walls, lay thermal liners. 3. An adobe-wood wall according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for a general bundle of walls, for better load balancing and for greater strength, it is permissible to reinforce them with composite reinforcement, in particular small walls and in the supporting parts of the wall under the ceilings.

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