WO2009084616A1 - 改変型グルコース脱水素酵素遺伝子 - Google Patents
改変型グルコース脱水素酵素遺伝子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009084616A1 WO2009084616A1 PCT/JP2008/073689 JP2008073689W WO2009084616A1 WO 2009084616 A1 WO2009084616 A1 WO 2009084616A1 JP 2008073689 W JP2008073689 W JP 2008073689W WO 2009084616 A1 WO2009084616 A1 WO 2009084616A1
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- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/26—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving oxidoreductase
- C12Q1/32—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving oxidoreductase involving dehydrogenase
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
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- C12Q1/006—Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes for glucose
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a FAD-linked glucose dehydrogenase (GLD) that catalyzes a reaction that uses flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a coenzyme and dehydrogenates (oxidizes) the hydroxyl group at the 1-position of glucose. More specifically, modified GLD polypeptide having improved substrate specificity, polynucleotide encoding modified GLD, method for producing the enzyme, and method for measuring glucose using the enzyme
- the present invention relates to a glucose measurement reagent composition, a biosensor for measuring glucose, and the like. In the present specification, unless otherwise specified, monosaccharides such as glucose mean D-form.
- Blood glucose level is an important marker for diabetes.
- glucose oxidase has been used to measure blood glucose concentration.
- glucose oxidase is affected by the dissolved oxygen concentration, resulting in an error in the measured value.
- Elementary enzymes are also widely used.
- PQQ-GDH glucose dehydrogenase
- PQQ pyrroloquinoline quinone
- conventional PQQ-GDH is maltose and It has the disadvantage of reacting with saccharides other than glucose, such as galactose.
- the group of the present inventors found a novel soluble GLD using FAD as a coenzyme from Aspergillus tereus FERM BP-08578 (patent document 1) and succeeded in gene cloning (patent document). 2).
- These GLDs have an unprecedented excellent characteristic that they are not affected by dissolved oxygen, oxidize the hydroxyl group at the 1-position of glucose, and have low activity (enzyme activity) on maltose and galactose.
- GLD has a defect that it acts on xylose, and a patient undergoing a xylose absorption test shows a higher value than the actual blood glucose level, so that attention is given to not using it.
- the present invention solves the above problems, and is a novel gene encoding a modified GLD having excellent properties such as low reactivity to maltose and galactose and further xylose while being excellent in glucose reactivity and substrate recognition ( Polynucleotide), a method for producing the enzyme using transformed cells recombined with the gene, a method for measuring glucose characterized by using the obtained enzyme, a glucose measurement reagent composition, and glucose An object is to provide a biosensor for measurement.
- the present invention relates to the following aspects.
- Aspect 6 The polynucleotide according to embodiment 5, wherein the polynucleotide encoding the wild-type FAD-linked glucose dehydrogenase (GLD) amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 has the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2.
- Aspect 9 The transformed cell according to Aspect 8, which is Escherichia coli or Aspergillus oryzae.
- a method for producing a modified GLD comprising culturing the transformed cells of Aspect 8 or 9, and collecting the modified GLD from the obtained culture.
- a method for measuring glucose characterized in that the modified GLD according to any one of aspects 1 to 4 or the modified GLD obtained by the production method according to claim 10 is used.
- a glucose measurement reagent composition comprising the modified GLD according to any one of aspects 1 to 4 or the modified GLD obtained by the production method according to claim 10.
- a biosensor for measuring glucose which uses the modified GLD according to any one of aspects 1 to 4 or the modified GLD obtained by the production method according to claim 10.
- modified GLD having excellent properties such as excellent substrate recognition for glucose and low activity for maltose and xylose can be obtained in a homogeneous and large amount by, for example, gene recombination technology. It becomes possible to produce.
- the calibration curve for glucose measurement obtained using the modified GLD of the present invention is shown.
- the modified GLD of the present invention has a wild-type FAD-linked glucose dehydrogenase (GLD) amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (including signal peptide) in Table 1 (single amino acid code) shown below. , 72, 73, 76, 78, 102, 217, 228, 240, 356, 407, 424, 437, 527 and at least one amino acid residue selected from the group consisting of amino acids at position 530, and The xylose activity / glucose activity is reduced with respect to wild-type GLD.
- GLD wild-type FAD-linked glucose dehydrogenase
- substitutions in the above amino acid residues include D72A, G73D, G73A, G73S, G73C, G73Q, G73W, G73Y, G73E, G73H, R102H, Y228H, V356A, and P527L, and S37V, S37G, T69I
- the modified GLD of the present invention has a “xylose activity / glucose activity” (%) defined herein as a significant value compared to the wild type GLD, for example, at least 0.85 times or less, preferably 0.5 It has xylose activity reduced to double or less, more preferably 0.3 or less, and still more preferably 0.2 or less.
- the xylose activity / glucose activity varies depending on the culture conditions of the transformant, the enzyme activity measurement conditions, and the like. Therefore, the xylose activity / glucose activity of wild-type GLD and modified GLD under the same conditions ( %) Must be measured and compared.
- the modified GLD of the present invention preferably has an enzyme activity value against maltose (also referred to as “maltose activity / glucose activity”) of 5% or less, assuming that the enzyme activity value against D-glucose is 100%.
- the enzyme activity value for D-galactose also referred to as “galactose action / glucose action” is 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less, more preferably 3% or less.
- the modified GLD of the present invention has the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 as long as the xylose activity / glucose activity is reduced as compared to the wild type GLD as described above.
- one to several amino acids may be further substituted, deleted or added.
- modified GLD of the present invention include N64D + R102H + L250Q, G73D, Y228H + A589T in the wild-type GLD amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, as specifically described in Examples.
- the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 (Table 2) is used as the polynucleotide encoding the amino acid sequence of wild-type GLD shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 (Table 1).
- SEQ ID NO: 1 Table 1
- Other codons may be used as long as they encode the same amino acid.
- the codon used can be optimized as appropriate depending on the type of host cell transformed with the polynucleotide.
- polynucleotide refers to a nucleoside phosphate ester (ATP (adenosine triphosphate), GTP (guanosine triphosphate), CTP (purine or pyrimidine bonded to a sugar).
- ATP adenosine triphosphate
- GTP guanosine triphosphate
- CTP purine or pyrimidine bonded to a sugar
- Cytidine triphosphate UTP (uridine triphosphate); or dATP (deoxyadenosine triphosphate), dGTP (deoxyguanosine triphosphate), dCTP (deoxycytidine triphosphate), dTTP (deoxythymidine triphosphate)
- chromosomal DNA intron-containing DNA
- mRNA transcribed from chromosomal DNA cDNA synthesized from mRNA, and the like
- “Oligonucleotide” refers to a molecule in which 2-99 nucleotides are linked.
- Polypeptide means a molecule composed of 30 or more amino acid residues linked to each other by amide bonds (peptide bonds) or unnatural residue linkages, and sugar chains are added to these. And those that have been artificially chemically modified.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention may appropriately include a base sequence encoding a modified GLD signal sequence depending on the type of transformed cells.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention can be easily prepared by any method known to those skilled in the art.
- a wild-type GLD gene is isolated from a plasmid containing a polynucleotide having the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and based on this, A polynucleotide encoding the modified GLD of the present invention is prepared by introducing random mutations or site-specific mutations using various PCR methods known to those skilled in the art using a set of oligonucleotide primers (probes). be able to.
- the recombinant vector of the present invention is a cloning vector or an expression vector, and is prepared by any method known to those skilled in the art, using an appropriate one according to the type of polynucleotide as an insert and the purpose of use. can do.
- expression vectors for in vitro transcription prokaryotic cells such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, filamentous fungi such as yeast and mold, insects
- Expression vectors suitable for eukaryotic cells such as cells and mammalian cells can also be used.
- prokaryotic cells such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis
- eukaryotic cells such as yeast, mold, insect cells and mammalian cells
- the host of these cells can be appropriately selected according to the necessity or necessity of the modified GLD sugar chain and the necessity of other peptide modifications.
- These transformed cells can be prepared by introducing a recombinant vector into cells by any method known to those skilled in the art, such as electroporation, calcium phosphate method, liposome method, DEAE dextran method.
- Specific examples of the recombinant vector and the transformed cell include the recombinant vector shown in the examples below, and transformed Escherichia coli and transformed fungi using this vector.
- the modified GLD of the present invention is produced by expressing DNA in a microorganism such as Escherichia coli
- the expression vector having an origin, promoter, ribosome binding site, DNA cloning site, terminator sequence and the like that can replicate in the microorganism is used.
- a modified GLD can be mass-produced with a microorganism by preparing an expression vector in which the polynucleotide is recombined, transforming a host cell with this expression vector, and then culturing the obtained transformant. In this case, if a start codon and a stop codon are added before and after an arbitrary translation region and expressed, a modified GLD fragment containing the arbitrary region can also be obtained.
- the target modified GLD can also be obtained by cleaving this fusion protein with an appropriate protease.
- the expression vector for E. coli include pUC, pBluescript II, pET expression system, pGEX expression system, pCold expression system, and the like.
- modified GLD of the present invention when the modified GLD of the present invention is produced by expressing it in eukaryotic cells, the polynucleotide is inserted into an expression vector for eukaryotic cells having a promoter, a splicing region, a poly (A) addition site, and the like. If a recombinant vector is prepared and introduced into eukaryotic cells, modified GLD can be produced in eukaryotic cells. It can be maintained in the cell in a state like a plasmid, or it can be maintained in a chromosome.
- expression vectors examples include pKA1, pCDM8, pSVK3, pSVL, pBK-CMV, pBK-RSV, EBV vector, pRS, and pYE82.
- pIND / V5-His, pFLAG-CMV-2, pEGFP-N1, pEGFP-C1, etc. are used as an expression vector, FAD-linked glucose dehydration as a fusion protein to which various tags such as His tag, FLAG tag, and GFP are added.
- Elementary enzyme polypeptides can also be expressed.
- eukaryotic cells cultured mammalian cells such as monkey kidney cells COS-7 and Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO, budding yeast, fission yeast, mold, silkworm cells, Xenopus egg cells, etc. are generally used. Any eukaryotic cell may be used so long as it can express type GLD.
- a known method such as electroporation, calcium phosphate method, liposome method, DEAE dextran method can be used.
- cloning that transforms an appropriate Aspergillus oryzae strain with a recombinant vector derived from Aspergillus oryzae carrying a polynucleotide encoding the modified GLD of the present invention is preferred.
- the target protein is collected from the culture (bacteria or culture solution containing the enzyme secreted outside the cells, medium composition, etc.) That is, in order to isolate and purify, it can carry out combining a well-known separation operation. For example, treatment with denaturing agents and surfactants such as urea, heat treatment, pH treatment, ultrasonic treatment, enzyme digestion, salting out and solvent precipitation, dialysis, centrifugation, ultrafiltration, gel filtration, SDS-PAGE, etc.
- denaturing agents and surfactants such as urea, heat treatment, pH treatment, ultrasonic treatment, enzyme digestion, salting out and solvent precipitation, dialysis, centrifugation, ultrafiltration, gel filtration, SDS-PAGE, etc.
- the modified GLD of the present invention can be produced in large quantities.
- the modified GLD of the present invention is produced in vitro by preparing RNA by in vitro transcription from a vector having the polynucleotide (cDNA or translation region thereof) of the present invention, and performing in vitro translation using this as a template. can do.
- a recombinant vector is prepared by inserting the polynucleotide into a vector having a promoter to which RNA polymerase can bind, and this vector is converted into RNA corresponding to the promoter.
- modified GLD can be produced in vitro.
- promoters to which RNA polymerase can bind include T3, T7, SP6 and the like.
- vectors containing these promoters include pKA1, pCDM8, pT3 / T718, pT7 / 319, and pBluescript II.
- the modified GLD of the present invention that can be produced by the method described above is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of dehydrogenating glucose in the presence of an electron acceptor.
- an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of dehydrogenating glucose in the presence of an electron acceptor.
- substances that use coenzyme-linked glucose dehydrogenase that can be used in the medical field and clinical field, such as measuring and measuring reagents for glucose in biological materials, and using them as reagents for elimination. It can also be used in production.
- the glucose measurement reagent composition of the present invention may be mixed together to form a single reagent, and when components that interfere with each other are present, the components may be divided so as to form an appropriate combination. .
- These may be prepared as a solution or a powdery reagent, and may be prepared as a test paper or an analytical film by containing them in a suitable support such as a filter paper or a film.
- you may attach the standard reagent containing deproteinizing agents, such as perchloric acid, and glucose fixed_quantity
- the amount of the enzyme in the composition is preferably about 0.1 to 50 units per sample. Examples of the specimen for quantifying glucose include plasma, serum, spinal fluid, saliva, urine and the like.
- the biosensor of the present invention is a glucose sensor that is used in a reaction layer containing the modified GLD of the present invention as an enzyme and measures the glucose concentration in a sample solution.
- an electrode system consisting of a working electrode, its counter electrode and a reference electrode is formed on an insulating substrate using a method such as screen printing, and a hydrophilic polymer, an oxidoreductase, and an electron acceptor are in contact with this electrode system. It is produced by forming an enzyme reaction layer containing a body.
- the enzyme reaction layer dissolves and the enzyme and the substrate react, and the electron acceptor is reduced accordingly.
- the biosensor After completion of the enzymatic reaction, the reduced electron acceptor is oxidized electrochemically. At this time, the biosensor can measure the substrate concentration in the sample solution from the obtained oxidation current value. In addition, it is possible to construct a biosensor that detects color development intensity or pH change.
- Electron carriers and redox mediators listed in 2002-526759 may be used. Specific examples include osmium compounds, quinone compounds, and ferricyan compounds.
- the enzyme is preferably diluted appropriately so that the final concentration is 0.1 to 1.0 unit / mL.
- the enzyme activity unit (unit) of the enzyme is an enzyme activity that oxidizes 1 ⁇ mol of glucose per minute.
- the enzyme activity of GLD can be measured by the following method.
- the enzyme activity for oxidizing 1 ⁇ mol of xylose, maltose and galactose per minute was measured using the same concentration of D-xylose (manufactured by SIGMA) and maltose monohydrate instead of D-glucose. It can be measured by using (Nacalai Tesque) and D-galactose (Wako Pure Chemical Industries). Further, the enzyme activity (relative activity) for oxidizing xylose when the enzyme activity (U) for oxidizing glucose is defined as 100% is defined as “xylose action / glucose action” (%).
- the enzyme activity (relative activity) that oxidizes maltose or galactose when the enzyme activity (U) that oxidizes glucose is 100% is “maltose activity / glucose activity” (%) and “galactose activity / glucose”. Defined as “activity” (%).
- the activity measurement can also be performed using a plate reader. In that case, the change in absorbance at 600 nm was measured using a reaction reagent having the same composition as above and an enzyme diluted as appropriate, and the absorbance of the enzyme solution whose enzyme activity was known by the activity measurement procedure using the quartz cell. By performing proportional conversion between changes, the enzyme activity of the enzyme solution can be calculated.
- the enzyme is preferably diluted as appropriate so that the final concentration is preferably 0.2 to 0.9 mg / mL.
- the protein concentration in the present invention was determined by using bovine serum albumin (BSA, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) using Bio-Rad Protein Assay, which is a protein concentration measurement kit that can be purchased from Nippon Bio-Rad Co., Ltd. , For biochemistry) can be calculated from a calibration curve created as a standard substance.
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- Bio-Rad Protein Assay which is a protein concentration measurement kit that can be purchased from Nippon Bio-Rad Co., Ltd. , For biochemistry
- Plasmid pCGLD containing the wild-type GLD gene (SEQ ID NO: 2) whose entire base sequence is disclosed in Patent Document 2 was isolated from Eschelichia coli JM109 / pCGLD (FERM BP-10243).
- the GLD gene derived from Aspergillus terreus FERM BP-08578, which is disclosed in Patent Document 1 is isolated by a conventional method, and a signal sequence (amino acids 1 to 19 in SEQ ID NO: 1) is isolated. It can also be obtained by inserting into the KpnI-PstI site at the multicloning site of the plasmid vector pColdIII commercially available from Takara Bio, excluding the site coding for.
- the primer DNA (F) has a restriction enzyme KpnI cleavage site
- the primer DNA (R) has a restriction enzyme PstI cleavage site.
- SEQ ID NO: 2 wild type GLD gene obtained in Example 1
- R primer DNA described in SEQ ID NO: 4
- a GeneMorph-II-Random-Mutagenesis Kit manufactured by STRATAGENE
- coli JM109 Competent Cells (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) was transformed as a host, and then seeded on an LB agar plate containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin sodium (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), a selective marker, at 37 ° C. Transformants were obtained by culturing overnight.
- Solution A consisting of tryptone (BD) 1.2% (w / v), Yeast extract (BD) 2.4% (w / v), glycerin (Nacalai Tesque) 5% (w / v) and water Prepared by autoclaving at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes.
- Solution B consisting of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Nacalai Tesque) 2.3%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (Nacalai Tesque) 12.5% and water was added to a 0.45 ⁇ m filter ( And prepared by filtration using Advantech).
- the cultured transformants are collected by centrifugation, washed with distilled water, and then centrifuged again to add 50 ⁇ L CelLytic B Cellysis Reagent (manufactured by SIGMA) to the cells. After standing at 25 ° C. for 30 minutes, the supernatant was collected by centrifugation and used as a cell-free extract. According to the enzyme activity measurement method described above, the GLD enzyme activity of the cell-free extract was confirmed.
- GLD enzyme activity (U / mL-b) per mL of culture solution using D-glucose as a substrate is not reduced to 1/10 or less compared to the wild type, and has xylose activity / glucose activity
- (Xyl / Glc) was significantly lower than that of the wild strain and conducting a genetic analysis, it was as shown in Table 3.
- coli JM109 Competent Cells (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.) as a host, seed it on an LB agar plate (manufactured by BD) containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin sodium (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) After culturing at 37 ° C. overnight, a transformant having a modified GLD gene encoding a modified GLD in which glycine at position 73 in the amino acid sequence of wild-type GLD was replaced with alanine was obtained.
- Example 5 (Evaluation of GLD enzyme activity of transformants with modified GLD genes with site-specific substitution mutations: Part 1)
- the transformant obtained in Example 5 was cultured in the same manner as described in Example 3, and the GLD enzyme activity of the cell-free extract was measured and evaluated.
- GLD enzyme activity (U / mL-b) per mL of culture medium when D-glucose is used as a substrate is more than one-tenth that of wild-type GLD, and xylose / glucose activity
- Table 4 shows the results obtained by selecting a mutant strain in which (Xyl / Glc) was significantly lower than that of the wild strain and conducting gene analysis.
- GLD enzyme activity (U / mL-b) per mL of culture medium when D-glucose is used as a substrate is more than one-tenth that of wild-type GLD, and xylose / glucose activity Table 5 shows the results of selecting a mutant strain in which (Xyl / Glc) was significantly lower than that of the wild strain and conducting gene analysis.
- the plasmid containing the modified GLD gene was isolated by a conventional method.
- a transformant having a modified GLD gene encoding a modified GLD in which the arginine at position 102 of the wild-type GLD amino acid sequence was replaced with histidine S32
- the plasmid containing the modified GLD gene was isolated by a conventional method.
- a transformant having a modified GLD gene encoding a modified GLD in which glycine at position 73 in the amino acid sequence of wild-type GLD is substituted with serine S16 was used to isolate a plasmid containing the modified GLD gene by a conventional method.
- Example 8 Using the plasmid containing each modified GLD gene obtained in Example 8 as a template, synthesis was performed based on the base sequence of the GLD gene derived from Aspergillus terreus FERM BP-08578 published in Patent Document 1.
- the modified GLD gene was PCR amplified using the following primers (primers 1, 3 were used first, then 2, 3).
- Aspergillus oryzae NS4 strain (derived from RIB40 strain) was used. This strain was found in the brewery laboratory (currently the Institute for Liquor Research) in 1997, as disclosed in known literature 1 (Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 61 (8), 1367-1369, 1997). Those that have been bred and used for analysis of transcription factors, breeding of high-producing strains of various enzymes, etc. are available.
- An improved promoter of the amylase system derived from Aspergillus oryzae described in publicly known document 2 Heterogeneous gene expression system of Aspergillus genus, Toshiki Mineki, Chemistry and Biology, 38, 12, P831-838, 2000).
- Transformation is basically carried out according to the method described in known literature 2 and known literature 3 (gene manipulation technology of koji mold for sake, Katsuya Gomi, Shukyo, P494-502, 2000) to transform the transformant. I got it.
- the culture was shaken for 3 days, and after completion of the culture, the culture supernatant was collected by centrifugation. This was filtered using a 10 ⁇ m membrane filter (manufactured by Advantech) to obtain an enzyme solution showing an approximately 81 kDa band in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
- Patent Document 2 describes the culture supernatant of a transformant having a modified GLD gene encoding a modified GLD in which the glycine at position 73 in the wild-type GLD amino acid sequence is replaced with aspartic acid.
- Enzyme purification was performed according to the above method to obtain a purified enzyme showing a single band of about 81 kDa in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. According to the enzyme activity measurement method described above, the “xylose activity / glucose activity” of the purified modified GLD enzyme was confirmed.
- the wild type GLD was 8.6%, whereas the glycine at position 73 was asparagine.
- the modified GLD substituted with acid was 4.8%.
- the purified modified GLD had “maltose activity / glucose activity” of 0.91% and “galactose activity / glucose activity” of 0.57%, which revealed that the activity was extremely low. From the above results, in addition to maltose activity and galactose activity, in addition to maltose activity and galactose activity, by cultivating transformants that produce modified GLD with reduced xylose activity, it acts on maltose and galactose. Without modification, it was confirmed that a modified GLD having a low xylose activity can be obtained.
- Example 5 the plasmid pCGLD containing the wild-type GLD gene, each primer DNA described in SEQ ID NOs: 21 to 34 synthesized in Example 2, and a synthetic oligo complementary to each primer DNA Plasmids into which each substitution mutation was introduced were obtained using nucleotides. Transformation was performed in the same manner as described above, and transformants having modified GLD genes encoding each modified GLD in which part of the amino acid sequence of wild-type GLD was substituted were obtained.
- GLD enzyme activity (U / mL-b) per mL of culture medium when D-glucose is used as a substrate is more than one-tenth that of wild-type GLD
- xylose / glucose activity Table 8 shows the results of selecting a mutant strain in which (Xyl / Glc) was significantly lower than that of the wild strain and conducting gene analysis.
- the modified GLD encoded by the polynucleotide of the present invention does not substantially act on maltose and galactose in the measurement of blood glucose, and the xylose activity is reduced as compared with wild-type GLD. It can also be used for self blood glucose measurement (SMBG) devices, which greatly contribute to self-management and treatment of diabetic patients.
- SMBG self blood glucose measurement
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Abstract
Description
[態様2]
野生型GLDと比較してキシロース作用性/グルコース作用性が0.85倍以下に低下した、態様1記載の改変型GLD。
[態様3]
アミノ酸置換が、D72A、G73D、G73A、G73S、G73C、G73Q、G73W、G73Y、G73E、G73H、R102H、Y228H、V356A、及びP527L、並びに、S37V、S37G、T69I、L76F、F78L、R102V、N217S、P240I、P240L、Q407A、Q407S、Y424S、A437I及びT530Aからなる群から選択される、態様1又は2記載の改変型GLD。
[態様4]
配列番号1で示される野生型のFAD結合型グルコース脱水素酵素(GLD)アミノ酸配列において、N64D+R102H+L250Q、G73D、Y228H+A589T、K374Q+P527L、V356A、D72A+G210S、G73A、P527L、D72A、Y228H、G73C、G73H、R102H、D72A+G73D、G73S、G73Q、G73W、G73Y、及びG73E、並びに、S37V、S37G、T69I、L76F、F78L、R102V、N217S、P240I、P240L、Q407A、Q407S、Y424S、A437I及びT530Aからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸置換を有する改変型GLD。
[態様5]
態様1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載の改変型GLDをコードするポリヌクレオチド。
[態様6]
配列番号1で示される野生型のFAD結合型グルコース脱水素酵素(GLD)アミノ酸配列をコードするポリヌクレオチドが配列番号2に示される塩基配列を有する、態様5記載のポリヌクレオチド。
[態様7]態様5又は6記載のポリヌクレオチドを保有する組換えベクター。
[態様8]態様7記載の組換えベクターを用いることによって作製された形質転換細胞。
[態様9]大腸菌又はアスペルギルス・オリゼである、態様8記載の形質転換細胞。
[態様10]態様8又は9の形質転換細胞を培養し、得られた培養物から改変型GLDを採取することを特徴とする、改変型GLDの製造方法。
[態様11]態様1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載の改変型GLD又は請求項10記載の製造方法で得られた改変型GLDを使用することを特徴とする、グルコースの測定方法。
[態様12]態様1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載の改変型GLD又は請求項10記載の製造方法で得られた改変型GLDを含有することを特徴とする、グルコース測定試薬組成物。
[態様13]態様1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載の変型GLD又は請求項10記載の製造方法で得られた改変型GLDを使用することを特徴とする、グルコース測定用のバイオセンサ。
0.1M リン酸カリウム緩衝液(pH7.0)1.0mL、1.0M D-グルコース1.0mL、3mM 2,6-ジクロロフェノールインドフェノール(以下DCIPという)0.14mL、3mM 1-メトキシ-5-メチルフェナジウムメチルサルフェイト0.2mL、水0.61mLを3mL石英セル(光路長1cm)に添加し、恒温セルホルダー付き分光光度計にセットして37℃で10分間インキュベート後、酵素溶液0.05mLを添加後、DCIPの600nmにおける吸光度変化(ΔABS/min)を測定する。DCIPのpH7.0におけるモル吸光係数を16.3×103cm-1M-1とし、1分間に1μmolのDCIPが還元される酵素活性が実質的に該酵素活性1unitと等価であることから、吸光度変化より該酵素活性を次式に従って求めた。
また、グルコースを酸化する酵素活性(U)を100%とした場合のキシロースを酸化する酵素活性(相対活性)を「キシロース作用性/グルコース作用性」(%)と定義する。
同じく、グルコースを酸化する酵素活性(U)を100%とした場合のマルトース又はガラクトースを酸化する酵素活性(相対活性)を「マルトース作用性/グルコース作用性」(%)及び「ガラクトース作用性/グルコース作用性」(%)と定義する。
なお、活性測定はプレートリーダーを用いて行うこともできる。その場合には、上記と同一組成の反応試薬と適宜希釈した酵素を用いて600nmにおける吸光度変化を測定し、上記石英セルを用いた活性測定手順により酵素活性が既知となっている酵素溶液の吸光度変化との間で比例換算を行うことにより、酵素溶液の酵素活性を算出することができる。
特許文献2に全塩基配列が公開されている野生型GLD遺伝子(配列番号2)を含むプラスミドpCGLDをEschelichia coli JM109/pCGLD(FERM BP-10243)から単離した。これは、特許文献1に公開されているアスペルギルス・テレウス(Aspergillus terreus)FERM BP-08578株由来のGLD遺伝子を通常の方法により単離し、シグナル配列(配列番号1における1~19番目のアミノ酸配列)をコードする部位を除いた形で、タカラバイオより市販されているプラスミドベクターpColdIIIのマルチクローニングサイトにあるKpnI-PstI部位に挿入することでも取得できる。
GLD遺伝子にランダム変異を導入するために、下記のようなオリゴヌクレオチドをデザインし、合成した。なお、プライマーDNA(F)は制限酵素KpnI切断部位を有し、プライマーDNA(R)は制限酵素PstI切断部位を有する。
プライマーDNA(F):5’ cgtcatggtacctccaactccacgtccgccaa 3’ (配列番号3)
プライマーDNA(R):5’ agtgtactgcagctaacgacgaccagcatcgg 3’ (配列番号4)
トリプトン(BD社製)1.2%(w/v)、Yeast extract(BD社製)2.4%(w/v)、グリセリン(ナカライテスク社製)5%(w/v)及び水からなる溶液Aを121℃、15分オートクレーブ処理して調製し、リン酸二水素カリウム(ナカライテスク社製)2.3%、リン酸水素二カリウム(ナカライテスク社製)12.5%及び水からなる溶液Bを0.45μmフィルター(アドバンテック社製)を用いてろ過調製した。上記の溶液Aと溶液BをA:B=9:1となるように無菌環境下混合し、TB培地を調製した。
96マイクロウェルプレート(Nunc社製)の各ウェルに150μLのTB培地を分注し、実施例2で取得した形質転換体を1コロニーずつ植菌した。
37℃、1,000rpmで5時間振とう培養後、培養温度を15℃とし、1,000rpmで30分振とう後、終濃度が0.1mMとなるようにイソプロピル-β-D-1-チオガラクトピラノシド(シグマアルドリッチジャパン社製)水溶液を25μL加えて、再度、15℃、1,000rpmで13時間振とう培養した。
培養後の形質転換体を遠心により集菌し、蒸留水で洗浄した後、再度遠心分離を行って得た菌体に1ウェルあたり50μLのCelLytic B Cellysis Reagent(SIGMA社製)を加えてから、25℃で30分間静置した後、遠心して上清を回収し、無細胞抽出液とした。
前述の酵素活性測定法に従い、無細胞抽出液のGLD酵素活性を確認した。D-グルコースを基質とした場合の培養液1mLあたりのGLD酵素活性(U/mL-b)が野生株と比べて10分の1以下に低下しておらず、かつキシロース作用性/グルコース作用性(Xyl/Glc)が野生株と比べて優位に低下していた変異株を選別し、遺伝子解析を実施した結果、表3の通りだった。
GLD遺伝子に部位特異的な置換変異を導入するために、下記のようなオリゴヌクレオチドをデザインし、合成した。
プライマーDNA(G73A):5’ gtcacaaacgtggatgcctacgggcttgctttt 3’ (配列番号5)
プライマーDNA(P527L):5’ gttctaacttccatctcgtcggcacggctgc 3’ (配列番号6)
プライマーDNA(D72A):5’ atgtcacaaacgtggctggctacgggcttgc 3’ (配列番号7)
プライマーDNA(Y228H):5’ cgtgaatcttgaggagcatgtgcgcgaagacgc 3’ (配列番号8)
プライマーDNA(G73C):5’ tcccaatgtcacaaacgtggattgctacgggcttg 3’ (配列番号9)
プライマーDNA(G73H):5’ caatgtcacaaacgtggatcactacgggcttgcttttggg 3’ (配列番号10)
プライマーDNA(R102H):5’ tagtcaagtgcttcatgccggcaaggccc 3’ (配列番号11)
プライマーDNA(D72A+G73D):5’ ccaatgtcacaaacgtggctgactacgggcttgcttttgg 3’ (配列番号12)
プライマーDNA(G73S):5’ tcccaatgtcacaaacgtggatagctacgggcttg 3’ (配列番号13)
プライマーDNA(G73Q):5’ aacaatcccaatgtcacaaacgtggatcagtacgggcttgctttt 3’ (配列番号14)
プライマーDNA(G73W):5’cccaatgtcacaaacgtggattggtacgggcttgct 3’ (配列番号15)
プライマーDNA(G73Y):5’ ggaacaatcccaatgtcacaaacgtggattattacgggcttgcttttg 3’ (配列番号16)
プライマーDNA(G73E):5’ atgtcacaaacgtggatgagtacgggcttgcttttggg 3’ (配列番号17)
上記方法と同様にして、野生型GLD遺伝子を含むプラスミドpCGLDと、実施例4で合成した配列番号6ないし17に記載の各プライマーDNA、及び各プライマーDNAと相補的な合成オリゴヌクレオチドを用いて、各々の置換変異を導入したプラスミドを取得した。形質転換も上記同様に行い、野生型GLDのアミノ酸配列の一部が置換された各々の改変型GLDをコードする改変型GLD遺伝子を持つ形質転換体を取得した。
実施例5により取得した形質転換体について、実施例3に記載の手順と同様にして培養し、無細胞抽出液のGLD酵素活性を測定評価した。D-グルコースを基質とした場合の培養液1mLあたりのGLD酵素活性(U/mL-b)が野生株GLDのそれと比べて10分の1以上保持されており、かつキシロース作用性/グルコース作用性(Xyl/Glc)が野生株と比べて優位に低下していた変異株を選別し、遺伝子解析を実施した結果を表4に示す。
実施例5により取得した形質転換体について、TB培地に代えて、トリプトン(BD社製)4%(w/v)、Yeast extract(BD社製)2%(w/v)、グリセリン(ナカライテスク社製)4%(w/v)及び水からなる培地(pHをNaOHで7.0に調整)を121℃、15分オートクレーブ処理して調製した培地を用いて、実施例3に記載の手順と同様に培養し、無細胞抽出液のGLD酵素活性を測定評価した。D-グルコースを基質とした場合の培養液1mLあたりのGLD酵素活性(U/mL-b)が野生株GLDのそれと比べて10分の1以上保持されており、かつキシロース作用性/グルコース作用性(Xyl/Glc)が野生株と比べて優位に低下していた変異株を選別し、遺伝子解析を実施した結果を表5に示す。
実施例2において取得した形質転換体のうち、野生型GLDのアミノ酸配列の374位のリジンがグルタミンに置換され、かつ527位のプロリンがロイシンに置換された改変型GLDをコードする改変型GLD遺伝子を持つ形質転換体(R30株)を用いて、改変型GLD遺伝子を含むプラスミドを常法により単離した。
同様に、実施例2において取得した形質転換体のうち、野生型GLDのアミノ酸配列の73位のグリシンがアスパラギン酸に置換された改変型GLDをコードする改変型GLD遺伝子を持つ形質転換体(R25株)を用いて、改変型GLD遺伝子を含むプラスミドを常法により単離した。
同様にして、実施例5において取得した形質転換体のうち、野生型GLDのアミノ酸配列の102位のアルギニンがヒスチジンに置換された改変型GLDをコードする改変型GLD遺伝子を持つ形質転換体(S32株)を用いて、改変型GLD遺伝子を含むプラスミドを常法により単離した。
また同様にして、実施例5において取得した形質転換体のうち、野生型GLDのアミノ酸配列の73位のグリシンがセリンに置換された改変型GLDをコードする改変型GLD遺伝子を持つ形質転換体(S16株)を用いて、改変型GLD遺伝子を含むプラスミドを常法により単離した。
5'-atgttgggaaagctctccttcctcagtgccctgtccctggcagtggcggcacctttgtccaactccacgtccgcc-3'(配列番号18)
2. gene1F-2:
5'-(acgcgtcgac)tgaccaattccgcagctcgtcaaaatgttgggaaagctctcc-3'(配列番号19)
3. gene1R:
5'-(gtg)ctaacgacgaccagcatcggccttgatgagatcc-3'(配列番号20)
(Fは5’側、Rは3’側、括弧内:制限酵素切断部位、下線部:enoA 5’-UTR、その他:ORF)
本菌株に対し、公知文献2(Aspergillus属の異種遺伝子発現系、峰時俊貴、化学と生物、38、12、P831-838、2000)に記載してあるアスペルギルス・オリゼ由来のアミラーゼ系の改良プロモーターを使用し、その下流に上記の改変型GLD遺伝子を結合させることで、本遺伝子が発現可能なベクターを調製した。
形質転換は、基本的には公知文献2及び公知文献3(清酒用麹菌の遺伝子操作技術、五味勝也、醸協、P494-502,2000)に記載の方法に準じて実施することで形質転換体を取得した。
実施例1で取得したプラスミドpCGLDを用い、実施例8に記載の方法と同様の手順により、野生型GLD遺伝子(配列番号1)を持つベクターを調製し、アスペルギルス・オリゼ NS4株を形質転換することで、形質転換体を取得した。
実施例9及び比較例において取得した形質転換体について、グルコース(和光純薬工業社製)1%(w/v)、脱脂大豆(日本食販社製)2%(w/v)、コーンスティープリカー(サンエイ糖化社製)0.5%(w/v)、硫酸マグネシウム(ナカライテスク社製)0.1%(w/v)、及び水を含むpH6.0の培養液20mLを用いて、30℃、3日間振盪培養し、培養終了後、遠心して培養上清を回収した。
これを10μmメンブレンフィルター(アドバンテック社製)を用いてろ過し、SDSポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動において約81kDaのバンドを示す酵素溶液を得た。
前述の酵素活性測定法に従い、実施例10で取得した酵素溶液のGLD酵素活性(U/mL-b)及び「キシロース作用性/グルコース作用性」(Xyl/Glc)を確認したところ、下記の表6の通りとなった。この結果から、野生型GLDに比べてキシロース作用性が低下した改変型GLDを生産する形質転換体が得られたことが分かる。
以上の結果から、野生型GLDに比べてキシロース作用性が低下した改変型GLDを生産する形質転換体を培養することにより、改変型GLDが得られたことが分かる。
前述の酵素活性測定法に従い、この精製された改変型GLD酵素の「キシロース作用性/グルコース作用性」を確認したところ、野生型GLDは8.6%であるのに対して、73位のグリシンがアスパラギン酸に置換した改変型GLDは4.8%だった。
以上の結果から、野生型GLDに比べて、マルトース作用性及びガラクトース作用性に加えて、更にキシロース作用性が低下した改変型GLDを生産する形質転換体を培養することにより、マルトース及びガラクトースに作用せず、更にキシロース作用性の低い改変型GLDを得ることができることが確認された。
実施例12で得られた、73位のグリシンがアスパラギン酸に置換した改変型GLDを生産する形質転換体の精製酵素溶液(比活性631U/mg)の酵素溶液を使用し、吸光度変化を測定することによるD-グルコースの測定を行った。プレートリーダーを用いた反応測定系において、終濃度が0.3、1.0、5.0、10、33mMになるようD-グルコースを添加し、600nmにおけるDCIPの吸光度変化(ΔAbs/min)を測定した。この吸光度変化を既知のグルコース濃度(0.3、1.0、5.0、10、33mM)に対してプロットしたところ、表7に示す結果が得られ、それに基づき検量線が作成できた(図1)。これより本発明の改変型GLDを用いてグルコースの定量が可能であることが示された。
実施例4に加えて、GLD遺伝子に部位特異的な置換変異を導入するために、下記のようなオリゴヌクレオチドをデザインし、合成した。
プライマーDNA(S37V):5’ attggaggcggtactgtgggtttggccgtcgca 3’ (配列番号21)
プライマーDNA(S37G):5’ attggaggcggtactggcggtttggccgtcgca 3’ (配列番号22)
プライマーDNA(T69I):5’ aacaatcccaatgtcatcaacgtggatggctac 3’ (配列番号23)
プライマーDNA(L76F):5’ tggatggctacgggttcgcttttgggtctga 3’ (配列番号24)
プライマーDNA(F78L):5’ gctacgggcttgctttggggtctgacattga 3’ (配列番号25)
プライマーDNA(R102V):5’ cttagtcaagtgcttgtcgccggcaaggccctt 3’ (配列番号26)
プライマーDNA(N217S):5’ aagatgcgcggcttttccttatacccctccacc 3’ (配列番号27)
プライマーDNA(P240I):5’ cgtgcatactactggatctacaagtcccgtccc 3’ (配列番号28)プライマーDNA(P240L):5’ cgtgcatactactggttgtacaagtcccgtccc 3’ (配列番号29)
プライマーDNA(Q407L):5’ cgtctcttcgaggtcctgtatgaccttattttc 3’ (配列番号30)
プライマーDNA(Q407S):5’ cgtctcttcgaggtctgctatgaccttattttc 3’ (配列番号31)
プライマーDNA(Y424S):5’ cgctgaagtcctgaactcgccgggcagcgcgacgt 3’ (配列番号32)
プライマーDNA(A437I):5’ tttgcagaattctggatcctccttcccttcgct 3’ (配列番号33)
プライマーDNA(T530A):5’ ttccatcccgtcggcgcggctgccatgatgcct 3’ (配列番号34)
実施例15により取得した形質転換体について、TB培地に代えて、トリプトン(BD社製)4%(w/v)、Yeast extract(BD社製)2%(w/v)、グリセリン(ナカライテスク社製)4%(w/v)及び水からなる培地(pHをNaOHで7.0に調整)を121℃、15分オートクレーブ処理して調製した培地を用いて、実施例3に記載の手順と同様に培養し、無細胞抽出液のGLD酵素活性を測定評価した。D-グルコースを基質とした場合の培養液1mLあたりのGLD酵素活性(U/mL-b)が野生株GLDのそれと比べて10分の1以上保持されており、かつキシロース作用性/グルコース作用性(Xyl/Glc)が野生株と比べて優位に低下していた変異株を選別し、遺伝子解析を実施した結果を表8に示す。
Claims (13)
- 配列番号1で示される野生型のFAD結合型グルコース脱水素酵素(GLD)アミノ酸配列において、37, 69, 72, 73, 76, 78, 102, 217, 228, 240, 356, 407, 424, 437, 527及び530位のアミノ酸からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのアミノ酸残基における置換を含み、且つ、野生型GLDと比較してキシロース作用性/グルコース作用性が低下した改変型GLD。
- 野生型GLDと比較してキシロース作用性/グルコース作用性が0.85倍以下に低下した、請求項1記載の改変型GLD。
- アミノ酸置換が、D72A、G73D、G73A、G73S、G73C、G73Q、G73W、G73Y、G73E、G73H、R102H、Y228H、V356A、及びP527L、並びに、 S37V、S37G、T69I、L76F、F78L、R102V、N217S、P240I、P240L、Q407A、Q407S、Y424S、A437I及びT530Aからなる群から選択される、請求項1又は2記載の改変型GLD。
- 配列番号1で示される野生型のFAD結合型グルコース脱水素酵素(GLD)アミノ酸配列において、N64D+R102H+L250Q、G73D、Y228H+A589T、K374Q+P527L、V356A、D72A+G210S、G73A、P527L、D72A、Y228H、G73C、G73H、R102H、D72A+G73D、G73S、G73Q、G73W、G73Y、及びG73E、並びに、S37V、S37G、T69I、L76F、F78L、R102V、N217S、P240I、P240L、Q407A、Q407S、Y424S、A437I及びT530Aからなる群から選択されるアミノ酸置換を有する改変型GLD。
- 請求項1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載の改変型GLDをコードするポリヌクレオチド。
- 配列番号1で示される野生型のFAD結合型グルコース脱水素酵素(GLD)アミノ酸配列をコードするポリヌクレオチドが配列番号2に示される塩基配列を有する、請求項5記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項5又は6記載のポリヌクレオチドを保有する組換えベクター。
- 請求項7記載の組換えベクターを用いることによって作製された形質転換細胞。
- 大腸菌又はアスペルギルス・オリゼである、請求項8記載の形質転換細胞。
- 請求項8又は9の形質転換細胞を培養し、得られた培養物から改変型GLDを採取することを特徴とする、改変型GLDの製造方法。
- 請求項1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載の改変型GLD又は請求項10記載の製造方法で得られた改変型GLDを使用することを特徴とする、グルコースの測定方法。
- 請求項1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載の改変型GLD又は請求項10記載の製造方法で得られた改変型GLDを含有することを特徴とする、グルコース測定試薬組成物。
- 請求項1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載の改変型GLD又は請求項10記載の製造方法で得られた改変型GLDを使用することを特徴とする、グルコース測定用のバイオセンサ。
Priority Applications (4)
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US12/810,213 US8445221B2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-26 | Modified glucose dehydrogenase gene |
EP08866874A EP2241621B1 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-26 | Modified glucose dehydrogenase gene |
CN200880126270XA CN101970656A (zh) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-26 | 经修饰葡萄糖脱氢酶基因 |
JP2009548079A JP5398004B2 (ja) | 2007-12-28 | 2008-12-26 | 改変型グルコース脱水素酵素遺伝子 |
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US (1) | US8445221B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2241621B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5398004B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101970656A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009084616A1 (ja) |
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US9493814B2 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2016-11-15 | Kikkoman Corporation | Flavin-binding glucose dehydrogenase having improved substrate specificity |
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JP2016208915A (ja) * | 2015-05-08 | 2016-12-15 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | フラビンアデニンジヌクレオチド依存型グルコース脱水素酵素活性を有する変異型タンパク質 |
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Also Published As
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US20100323378A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
JPWO2009084616A1 (ja) | 2011-05-19 |
JP5398004B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
EP2241621B1 (en) | 2012-08-15 |
US8445221B2 (en) | 2013-05-21 |
CN101970656A (zh) | 2011-02-09 |
EP2241621A1 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
EP2241621A4 (en) | 2011-02-02 |
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