WO2009081730A1 - 微生物発電装置 - Google Patents
微生物発電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009081730A1 WO2009081730A1 PCT/JP2008/072385 JP2008072385W WO2009081730A1 WO 2009081730 A1 WO2009081730 A1 WO 2009081730A1 JP 2008072385 W JP2008072385 W JP 2008072385W WO 2009081730 A1 WO2009081730 A1 WO 2009081730A1
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- power generation
- anode chamber
- conductive filler
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- microbial power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0297—Arrangements for joining electrodes, reservoir layers, heat exchange units or bipolar separators to each other
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/248—Means for compression of the fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0241—Composites
- H01M8/0245—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
- H01M8/04194—Concentration measuring cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power generation device that utilizes a metabolic reaction of a microorganism.
- the present invention relates to a microbial power generation apparatus that extracts, as electric energy, a reducing power obtained when an organic substance is oxidatively decomposed into microorganisms.
- Microbial power generation is a method of generating electric power by taking out the reducing power obtained when microorganisms assimilate organic matter as electric energy.
- microorganisms and organic substances assimilated by microorganisms are allowed to coexist in the anode chamber where the negative electrode is arranged.
- an electron transfer medium enters the microbial body, receives electrons generated by the microorganisms oxidizing organic substances, and passes them to the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode is electrically connected to the positive electrode, and the electrons transferred to the negative electrode move to the positive electrode and are transferred to the electron acceptor in contact with the positive electrode. By such movement of electrons, a current is generated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and electric energy is obtained.
- Patent Document 1 In microbial power generation, the electron mediator extracts electrons directly from the microbial body, so the theoretical energy conversion efficiency is high. However, actual energy conversion efficiency is low, and improvement in power generation efficiency is required. Therefore, various studies and developments have been made on electrode materials and structures, types of electron mediators, and selection of microbial species in order to increase power generation efficiency (for example, Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 power generation efficiency is improved by using an anode into which a functional group that is chemically bonded to an electron mediator is introduced.
- Patent Document 1 electrons generated when a microorganism oxidizes an electron donor (organic substance) are taken out to an anode via an electron mediator. For this reason, it is necessary to supply the anode chamber with a stock solution containing not only an electron donor but also an electron mediator. Moreover, since the process which introduce
- the present inventors have found that the presence of a conductive filler for holding microorganisms throughout the anode chamber and preventing the stock solution from short-passing within the anode chamber contributes to the improvement of the efficiency of microbial power generation. Further, the non-conductive film separating the anode chamber and the cathode chamber is brought into close contact with the electrodes disposed in the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, thereby promoting the movement of electrons and protons (H + ) generated by the microbial reaction, thereby generating power. We found that efficiency can be improved. Specifically, the present invention provides the following.
- an anode chamber for holding a microorganism and supplying a stock solution containing an electron donor;
- a non-conductive film having first and second surfaces facing each other and disposed between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber;
- the first non-conductive film has a rough surface with unevenness that spreads in close contact with the first surface, and is formed of a porous body having substantially the same shape as the inside of the anode chamber, and is disposed in the anode chamber.
- Conductive filler of A microbial power generation device comprising: a second conductive filler having a rough surface having irregularities that spread in close contact with the second surface of the non-conductive film.
- a microbial layer is formed between the rough surface of the first conductive filler and the first surface of the non-conductive film,
- the microbial power generation apparatus according to (1) wherein the stock solution moves through the porous body and is supplied to the microbial layer.
- the first conductive filler and the second conductive filler are pressed against and in close contact with the non-conductive film in a state where the unevenness of the rough surface is maintained (1 )
- the microbial power generation device wherein the first conductive filler has elasticity, is formed larger than the shape of the inner portion of the anode chamber, is compressed, and is filled into the anode chamber.
- the microorganism power generation apparatus according to (4), wherein the non-conductive film and the first conductive filler are pressed into contact with each other by a fastening member, or are pressed into contact with a spacer in the anode chamber.
- the first conductive filler may be any one of a porous sheet, a foam, or a porous body in which the same polygons are arranged using at least one of felt, graphite, titanium, and stainless steel.
- the microbial power generation apparatus wherein the first conductive filler is a solid formed in a plate shape having a thickness of 3 mm to 40 mm.
- the three-dimensional body is an integrally formed body of porous graphite, or a laminate formed by bonding a plurality of porous graphite felt sheets.
- the second conductive filler is a solid formed in a plate shape.
- the microorganism power generation apparatus according to (11), wherein the three-dimensional body is an integrally formed body of porous graphite or a laminated body formed by bonding a plurality of porous graphite sheets.
- Microbial power generator (14) The microbial power generation apparatus according to (1), wherein the stock solution includes a nitrogen source and a phosphorus source. (15) The microbial power generation apparatus according to (14), wherein the stock solution does not include an electron mediator.
- the anode chamber has a pair of wall surfaces including an inlet through which the stock solution flows and an outlet from which the stock solution flows out,
- the non-conductive film is a cation permeable membrane or an anion permeable membrane.
- the power generation efficiency of microbial power generation can be increased.
- FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a microbial power generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Sectional drawing in the XX line of the said microbial power generation device. The partially expanded view of the said microbial power generation apparatus. The block diagram of the microbial power generation device used for the test.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an outline of a microbial power generation apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line XX of the power generator 1
- FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of FIG.
- the power generation apparatus 1 is configured such that one cathode chamber 12 is disposed between two anode chambers 11.
- a non-conductive film 15 is disposed between the anode chamber 11 and the cathode chamber 12.
- a cation permeable membrane having high proton selectivity can be suitably used.
- Nafion (registered trademark) manufactured by DuPont Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the non-conductive film 15 is preferably thin and strong.
- An anion-selective anion permeable membrane can also be used.
- Each anode chamber 11 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and a first conductive filler 21 is disposed inside.
- the first conductive filler 21 is a solid made of a conductive material (graphite, titanium, stainless steel, etc.), and the overall shape in the anode chamber 11 is substantially the same as the inside of the anode chamber 11.
- the first conductive filler 21 preferably has a thickness of 3 mm or more and 40 mm or less, particularly about 5 to 20 mm, is porous, and the size of the void formed in the whole is about 0.01 to 1 mm in diameter. It is preferable that
- a porous sheet for example, graphite felt
- a foam made of a conductive material
- the same polygon made of a conductive material
- porous solid for example, a lattice or a honeycomb
- a plurality of porous sheets may be bonded to each other with a conductive adhesive or the like as the first conductive filler 21.
- each anode chamber 11 such a first conductive filler 21 is arranged, and the first conductive filler 21 exists in the entire interior thereof.
- the first conductive filler 11 may have the same size as the internal shape of the anode chamber 11 so that the first conductive filler 11 exists in the entire anode chamber 11.
- a conductive filler having elasticity such as graphite felt may be slightly larger than the internal shape of the anode chamber 11 and pushed into the anode chamber 11.
- a slightly smaller conductive filler than the anode chamber 11 is disposed in the anode chamber 11, and the inside of the anode chamber 11 is narrowed by sandwiching a spacer in the gap, whereby the first conductive filler 21 is entirely formed in the anode chamber 11. May be present.
- the first conductive filler 21 holds microorganisms on its surface and inside.
- the stock solution supplied to the anode chamber 11 moves through the porous first conductive filler 21 in the anode chamber 11, and supplies the microorganisms held in the first conductive filler 21 with an electron donor ( Organic matter) will be supplied.
- the present invention is configured such that a phenomenon (short path) in which the stock solution passes through a space where the conductive filler 21 does not exist substantially does not occur.
- the microorganism mainly performs a microbial reaction in which electrons are extracted from the electron donor while being held by the first conductive filler 21. If the short path is prevented in this way, the stock solution is prevented from flowing out without being used by the microorganism, and the stock solution is diffused through the inside of the porous first conductive filler 21 and supplied to the microorganism. Therefore, the efficiency of microbial power generation can be increased.
- the first conductive filler 21 has a surface (hereinafter referred to as “contact surface”) 21 ⁇ / b> F facing the non-conductive film 15 in close contact with the first surface 15 ⁇ / b> A of the non-conductive film 15. Since the contact surface 21F of the first conductive filler 21 and the first surface 15A of the non-conductive film 15 are brought into close contact with each other, the first conductive filler 21 is a straight flat surface with no curved contact surface. It is preferable that it is flat form.
- one side surface of the graphite felt 21D which is one of the graphite felts in the outermost layer, is the contact surface 21F, and the surface is rough and rough.
- the contact surface 21F of the first conductive filler 21 and the first surface 15A of the non-conductive film 15 are light pressure (about 0.01 to 100 g / cm 2 , particularly about 0.1 to 10 g / cm 2 ). It is preferable that the first conductive filler is in close contact with the non-conductive film 15 while being pressed.
- the first conductive filler 21 and the non-conductive film 15 may be in pressure contact using a fastening member such as a screw or clip.
- a spacer may be sandwiched in the anode chamber 11, or the first conductive filler 21 may be slightly larger than the anode chamber and pushed into the anode chamber 11.
- the porous conductive material having a rough surface is in close contact with the conductive filler in a state where minute irregularities are maintained. That is, the first conductive filler 21 and the non-conductive film 15 are integrated (that is, bonded) using a fluid material such as an adhesive to fill the surface irregularities of the conductive filler. It is not preferable.
- the anode chamber when the anode chamber is filled with granular graphite or the like as a conductive filler, the adhesion between the conductive filler material in the anode chamber and the non-conductive film cannot be ensured, and the stock solution is likely to short pass in the anode chamber. Therefore, as the first conductive filler, a molded product that can be formed in substantially the same shape as the internal shape in the anode chamber as described above is used.
- the molded product includes not only an integrally molded product obtained by foaming a conductive material and molding the conductive material into a predetermined shape, but also a laminated product in which a plurality of sheets are laminated.
- the anode chamber 11 in which the first conductive filler 11 is disposed is supplied with a stock solution containing an organic substance (for example, acetic acid) that is oxidatively decomposed by microorganisms and taken out of electrons as an electron donor.
- the stock solution is supplied from the inlet formed in the anode chamber 11 and discharged from the outlet formed on the opposite surface of the inlet.
- the stock solution containing an electron donor preferably contains a nitrogen source and a phosphorus source, which are nutrient sources for microorganisms, in addition to an organic substance that serves as an electron donor.
- a nitrogen source and a phosphorus source which are nutrient sources for microorganisms, in addition to an organic substance that serves as an electron donor.
- various organic wastes and organic waste water sewage, food waste water, etc.
- a conductive porous body having a large specific surface area is brought into close contact with the non-conductive film 15 to form a microbial layer therebetween, and an organic substance (electron donor) is supplied to the microorganism in the course of the stock solution passing through the porous body.
- an organic substance electrochemical donor
- Microorganisms and organic substances are not particularly limited. Although the microbial reaction in the anode chamber 11 is performed under anaerobic conditions, the microbial species held in the anode chamber 11 is not particularly limited.
- the anode chamber 11 is supplied with activated sludge obtained from a biological treatment tank that treats organic matter-containing water such as sewage, microorganisms contained in the effluent from the first sedimentation basin of sewage, anaerobic digested sludge, etc. as planting, Microorganisms can be retained. In order to increase the power generation efficiency, the amount of microorganisms retained in the anode chamber 11 is preferably high, and for example, the microorganism concentration is preferably 1 g / L or more.
- the electron donor (organic substance) that is oxidatively decomposed by the microbial reaction in the anode chamber 11 can also increase the power generation efficiency when the concentration is high to some extent, the organic matter concentration in the influent supplied to the anode chamber 11 is 100 to 10%. About 1,000 mg / L is preferred.
- the first conductive filler 21 is a porous body made of a conductive material and functions as a negative electrode.
- the thickness of the first conductive filler 21 is less than 3 mm, the amount of microorganisms retained is reduced.
- the thickness of the first conductive filler 21 exceeds 40 mm, the movement of protons generated by the microbial reaction becomes rate-limiting.
- microorganisms that do not contribute to microbial power generation (sulfuric acid-reducing bacteria and methane-fermenting bacteria) tend to dominate the anode chamber 11, which is not preferable.
- the four graphite felts 21A to 21D constituting one first conductive filler 21 are arranged in parallel with a pair of wall surfaces provided with an inlet and an outlet of the anode chamber. They are arranged side by side and perpendicular to the wall surface. Therefore, the liquid supplied from the inlet flows between the graphite felts facing each other so as to travel along the surface of each graphite felt, and at the same time, diffuses through the inside of the graphite felt and is supplied to the microorganisms.
- the microorganism is responsible for a microbial reaction in which an organic substance contained in a liquid supplied from the inlet and flowing out from the outlet is an electron donor.
- An anode lead wire 23 is connected to each of the graphite felts 21A to 21D in order to take out electrons obtained by oxidative decomposition of organic substances by microorganisms.
- the anode lead wire 23 is made of a conductive material such as a metal wire.
- the anode lead line 23 is electrically connected to a cathode lead line 24 described later via a conduction line 17. With this configuration, the electrons generated in the anode chamber 11 are sent to the cathode chamber 12 via the first conductive filler 21, the anode lead wire 23, the conduction wire 17, and the cathode lead wire 24.
- a second conductive filler 22 that functions as a positive electrode is disposed in the cathode chamber 12.
- the raw material which comprises the 2nd electroconductive filler 22 suitably according to the kind of electron acceptor.
- platinum is preferably used.
- platinum, manganese, or cobalt may be supported using graphite felt as a base material.
- an inexpensive graphite electrode may be used as it is (that is, without supporting a catalytic metal such as platinum) as the positive electrode.
- the cathode lead wire 24 is connected to the second conductive filler 22.
- the second conductive filler 22 is in close contact with the second surface 15B of the non-conductive film 15 over the entire surface.
- the second conductive filler 22 is a flat plate having a straight flat surface that is not curved like the first conductive filler 21 so that the surface facing the non-conductive film 15 is rough and closely contacts the second surface 15B. It is preferable that it is a shape.
- the second conductive filler 22 is composed of a single piece of graphite felt, and has a thickness of 2 to 5 mm, particularly about 3 mm, and faces the second conductive filler 22. Is a rough surface with minute irregularities and a flat surface that does not curve.
- the second conductive filler 22 is preferably in close contact with the non-conductive film 15 as much as possible.
- the reaction of moving H + from the anode chamber 11 through the non-conductive film 15 and reducing in the cathode chamber 12 can be promoted.
- they may be held in contact with each other by a fastening member, or may be bonded by welding, application of an adhesive, or the like.
- a spacer may be sandwiched in the cathode chamber 12, or the second conductive filler 22 may be slightly larger than the anode chamber and pushed into the cathode chamber 12.
- the reduction reaction in the cathode chamber 12 may be performed using a microbial reaction. However, when no microorganism is used, it is not necessary to hold the microorganism in the cathode chamber 12. Therefore, the second conductive filler 22 may be bonded to the non-conductive film 15 using an adhesive or the like.
- the second conductive filler 22 is preferably a rough surface on which at least the surface in contact with the non-conductive film 15 is formed with minute irregularities.
- a porous body made of a conductive material (for example, graphite felt) has a void formed in the entire surface, and the surface is a rough surface with minute irregularities derived from the void, and the positive electrode solution diffuses through the inside of the porous body. It can be suitably used not only as the first conductive filler 21 but also as the second conductive filler 22.
- the cathode chamber 12 is supplied with a liquid (positive electrode solution) containing iron (II) potassium hexacyanoate (potassium ferricyanide) as an electron acceptor, and the second conductive filler 22 that functions as a positive electrode.
- a liquid (positive electrode solution) containing iron (II) potassium hexacyanoate (potassium ferricyanide) as an electron acceptor
- the second conductive filler 22 that functions as a positive electrode.
- a graphite felt As a graphite felt.
- manganese, iron, nitric acid, or the like may be used as the electron acceptor.
- porous graphite such as graphite felt may be used as the cathode.
- an undiluted solution containing an organic substance serving as an electron donor and preferably a nutrient source for microorganisms is supplied, and the pH of the solution in the anode chamber 11 is maintained at 7 or more and 9 or less to generate electrons and protons by microbial reaction. And generate.
- the temperature condition of the anode chamber 11 is preferably normal temperature to medium high temperature, specifically about 10 ° C. to 70 ° C. If acetic acid is used as the electron donor, carbon dioxide, H + , and electrons are generated by the reaction shown in the following chemical formula. [Chemical formula 1] CH 3 COOH + 2H 2 O ⁇ 2CO 2 + 8H + + 8e ⁇
- the generated H + is moved to the cathode chamber 12 through the non-conductive film 15 that allows cations to pass therethrough.
- the cathode chamber 12 is supplied with a solution containing about 10 to 200 mM of an electron acceptor (for example, potassium ferricyanide) as a positive electrode solution and containing a phosphate buffer, and reacts electrons, protons, and electron acceptors.
- an electron acceptor for example, potassium ferricyanide
- a gas containing oxygen may be ventilated in the cathode chamber 12 instead of the positive electrode solution, or a phosphoric acid buffer may be filled and oxygen may be blown to react with electrons and protons using oxygen as an electron acceptor.
- Electrons generated in the anode chamber 11 by such a reaction are taken out from the first conductive filler 21 functioning as a negative electrode, and the second conductive filler is passed through the anode lead line 23 and the cathode lead line 24. 22 side. In this process, a current flows between the first conductive filler 21 (negative electrode) and the second conductive filler 22 (positive electrode), and power can be generated.
- Example 1 As Example 1, a microbial power generation apparatus 2 shown in FIG.
- the power generation device 2 has a configuration in which the first conductive filler 21 for one negative electrode is sandwiched between two second conductive fillers 22 for positive electrode, and the total volume is 1050 mL, the volume of the anode chamber 11 is 700 mL, The volume of the cathode chamber 12 was 175 mL.
- the power generation device 2 is provided with a circulation path 30 including a circulation tank for circulating the liquid discharged from the anode chamber 11, and pH adjusting means 31 for adjusting the pH of the liquid flowing through the circulation path is installed.
- the pH of the solution was kept at 7 or more and 9 or less.
- the first conductive filler 21 was composed of four graphite felts (manufactured by Toyo Carbon Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 1 cm, which were bonded together with a conductive adhesive in the same manner as the power generator 1.
- the adhesive is applied to the surface of the graphite felt partially (about 10% of the entire surface) (so-called “solid coating” is avoided), so that the fine irregularities on the surfaces of the graphite felt facing each other are adhesive. I tried not to be buried.
- Each graphite felt has a rectangular shape with a size of 250 mm ⁇ 70 mm, and both surfaces are rough.
- the first conductive filler 21 has a total volume of 700 cm 3 and has substantially the same shape as that in the anode chamber 11, and there is substantially no space in the anode chamber 11. Therefore, the liquid supplied to the anode chamber 11 flows through the first conductive filler 21, and a short path does not substantially occur.
- activated sludge collected from a biological treatment tank of a sewage treatment plant was added as an inoculum and cultured to attach microorganisms to the surface of each graphite felt.
- four graphite felt layers and five microbial layers 16 were formed in the anode chamber 11, and the microbial concentration in the anode 11 chamber was about 2,200 mg / L.
- each of the second conductive fillers 22 for the positive electrode was composed of one piece of graphite felt having a thickness of 3 mm.
- the second conductive filler 22 has the same configuration as the negative electrode graphite felt except that the thickness is different, and both surfaces are rough.
- a cation permeable membrane (trade name “Nafion” manufactured by DuPont) was disposed as the non-conductive film 15. .
- a honeycomb spacer (not shown) having a thickness of 5 mm was placed in the anode chamber 11, and the first conductive filler 21 was pressed against the non-conductive film 15 so as to be in close contact with the non-conductive film.
- the second conductive filler 22 was also brought into close contact with the non-conductive film 15 by pressing the second conductive filler 22 against the non-conductive film 15 using a honeycomb spacer 18 having a thickness of 5 mm.
- a liquid chamber 26 through which the positive electrode solution is passed is provided on the surface of the second conductive filler 22 on the side opposite to the side in contact with the non-conductive film 15.
- a positive electrode solution containing 50 mM potassium ferricyanide and a phosphate buffer as an electron acceptor was supplied to the liquid chamber so as to have an inflow rate of 70 mL / min.
- the anode chamber 11 was supplied with a stock solution containing containing acetic acid at a concentration of 1,000 mg / L, a phosphate buffer at a concentration of 50 mM, and ammonium chloride at an inflow rate of 70 mL / min.
- An anode lead wire 23 is connected to the first conductive filler 21, a cathode lead wire 24 is connected to the second conductive filler 22, and the anode lead wire 23 and the cathode lead wire 24 are electrically connected. Conducted.
- the anode lead wire 23 and the cathode lead wire 24 were made of stainless steel wire.
- the generated voltage was 310 mV and the current was 1120 mA. That is, the power generation amount per anode unit volume was 496 W / m 3 . At this time, the resistance of the circuit was 0.5 ⁇ .
- Example 2 In Example 2, instead of the first conductive filler used in Example 1, one piece of graphite felt (thickness 3 mm) was used alone as the first conductive filler. In accordance with this, the size of the anode chamber 11 was set to 52.5 mL, and graphite felt used as the first conductive filler was filled in the entire anode chamber. When other conditions were the same as in Example 1 and microbial power generation was performed, the generated voltage was 305 mV and the current was 610 mA. At this time, the resistance of the circuit was 0.5 ⁇ .
- Comparative Example 1 As Comparative Example 1, one piece of graphite felt having a thickness of 3 mm used in Example 2 was placed in an anode chamber having a capacity of 700 mL (an anode chamber having the same size as the anode chamber of Example 1). In addition, the spacer sandwiching the second conductive filler and the non-conductive film was removed. When the microbial power generation was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1, the generated voltage was 310 mV and the current was 15.5 mA. At this time, the resistance of the circuit was 20 ⁇ .
- the present invention can be used for power generation using microorganisms.
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Abstract
Description
電子受容体が供給されるカソード室と、
対向する第1の面および第2の面を有し、前記アノード室と前記カソード室との間に配置される非導電膜と、
前記非導電膜の前記第1の面に密着して広がる凹凸を有する粗面を有し、前記アノード室の内部と略同一形状とされた多孔体で構成され前記アノード室内に配置された第1の導電性充填材と、
前記非導電膜の前記第2の面と密着して広がる凹凸を有する粗面を有する第2の導電性充填材と、を含む微生物発電装置。
(2) 前記第1の導電性充填材の前記粗面と前記非導電膜の前記第1の面の間に微生物層が形成され、
前記原液は前記多孔体内を通って移動して前記微生物層に供給される(1)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(3) 前記第1の導電性充填材および前記第2の導電性充填材は、それぞれの前記粗面の凹凸が維持された状態で、前記非導電膜に押しつけられ密着させられている(1)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(4) 前記第1の導電性充填材は、0.01g/cm2以上100g/cm2以下で加圧されて前記非導電膜に密着させられている(3)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(5) 前記第1の導電性充填材は弾性を有し、前記アノード室内部形状より大きく成形され、圧縮されて前記アノード室に充填される(4)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(6) 前記非導電膜と前記第1の導電充填材とは、締付部材によって圧接されるか、または前記アノード室内にスペーサを挟み込んで圧接される(4)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(7) 前記第1の導電性充填材は、フェルト、グラファイト、チタンまたはステンレスの少なくともいずれか一つを材料とする多孔性シート、発泡体または同一の多角形を並べた多孔体のいずれかによって形成される(1)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(8) 前記第1の導電性充填材は厚さが3mm以上40mm以下の板状に成形された立体である(1)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(9) 前記立体は、多孔性グラファイトの一体成形体、または複数の多孔性グラファイトフェルトシートを貼り合わせて構成された積層体である(8)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(10) 前記積層体は、導電性接着剤で接着されて貼り合わされる(9)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(11) 前記第2の導電性充填材は、板状に形成された立体である(1)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(12) 前記立体は、多孔性グラファイトの一体成形体、または複数の多孔性グラファイトシートを貼り合わせて構成された積層体である(11)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(13) 前記立体は、多孔性グラファイトの一体成形体、または複数の多孔性グラファイトシートを貼り合わせて構成された積層体に白金、マンガンまたはコバルトを担持させた立体である(11)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(14) 前記原液は、窒素源およびリン源を含む(1)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(15) 前記原液は、電子メディエータを含まない(14)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(16) 前記原液は、有機物濃度100mg/L以上10,000mg/L以下である(15)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(17) 前記アノード室は、官能基を含まない(1)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(18) 前記アノード室は、微生物濃度1g/L以上の微生物を保持する(17)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(19) 前記アノード室は、前記原液が流入する流入口及び前記原液が流出する流出口を備える一対の壁面を有し、
複数の多孔性グラファイトシートを貼り合わせて構成された積層体から成る前記第1の導電性充填材が、積層面を前記壁面に対して直交するように配置される(1)に記載の微生物発電装置。
(20) 前記非導電膜はカチオン透過膜またはアニオン透過膜である(1)に記載の微生物発電装置。
[化学式1]
CH3COOH+2H2O→2CO2+8H++8e-
[化学式2]
8Fe(CN)6 3-+8e-+8H+→8FeH(CN)6 3-
[化学式3]
2O2+8H++8e-→4H2O
実施例1として図4に示す微生物発電装置2を作成した。発電装置2は、2つの正極用第2の導電性充填材22で1つの負極用の第1の導電性充填材21を挟む構成とし、全体で容積1050mL、アノード室11の容積は700mL、各カソード室12の容積は175mLとした。発電装置2には、アノード室11からの排出液を循環させる循環槽を備える循環路30を設け、循環路を流れる液のpHを調整するpH調整手段31を設置して、アノード室11内の液のpHが7以上9以下に保たれるようにした。pH調整手段31としては、アルカリ注入装置を用いた。
実施例2では、実施例1で用いた第1の導電性充填材の代わりに、1枚のグラファイトフェルト(厚さ3mm)を単独で第1の導電性充填材として用いた。これに合わせ、アノード室11の大きさを52.5mLにして第1の導電性充填材として用いるグラファイトフェルトがアノード室全体に充填されるようにした。その他の条件は実施例1と同じにして微生物発電を行ったところ、発生した電圧は305mV、電流は610mAであった。このとき、回路の抵抗は、0.5Ωであった。
比較例1として、実施例2で用いた厚さ3mmのグラファイトフェルト1枚を容積700mLのアノード室(実施例1のアノード室と同じ大きさのアノード室)に配置した。また、第2の導電性充填材と非導電膜とを挟むスペーサを取り外した。その他の条件は実施例1と同じにして微生物発電を行ったところ、発生した電圧は310mV、電流は15.5mAであった。このとき、回路の抵抗は、20Ωであった。
Claims (20)
- 微生物を保持し電子供与体を含む原液が供給されるアノード室と、
電子受容体が供給されるカソード室と、
対向する第1の面および第2の面を有し、前記アノード室と前記カソード室との間に配置される非導電膜と、
前記非導電膜の前記第1の面に密着して広がる凹凸を有する粗面を有し、前記アノード室の内部と略同一形状とされた多孔体で構成され前記アノード室内に配置された第1の導電性充填材と、
前記非導電膜の前記第2の面と密着して広がる凹凸を有する粗面を有する第2の導電性充填材と、を含む微生物発電装置。 - 前記第1の導電性充填材の前記粗面と前記非導電膜の前記第1の面の間に微生物層が形成され、
前記原液は前記多孔体内を通って移動して前記微生物層に供給される請求項1に記載の微生物発電装置。 - 前記第1の導電性充填材および前記第2の導電性充填材は、それぞれの前記粗面の凹凸が維持された状態で、前記非導電膜に押しつけられ密着させられている請求項1に記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記第1の導電性充填材は、0.01g/cm2以上100g/cm2以下で加圧されて前記非導電膜に密着させられている請求項3に記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記第1の導電性充填材は弾性を有し、前記アノード室内部形状より大きく成形され、圧縮されて前記アノード室に充填される請求項4に記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記非導電膜と前記第1の導電充填材とは、締付部材によって圧接されるか、または前記アノード室内にスペーサを挟み込んで圧接される請求項4に記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記第1の導電性充填材は、フェルト、グラファイト、チタンまたはステンレスの少なくともいずれか一つを材料とする多孔性シート、発泡体または同一の多角形を並べた多孔体のいずれかによって形成される請求項1に記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記第1の導電性充填材は、厚さが3mm以上40mm以下の板状に成形された立体である請求項1に記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記立体は、多孔性グラファイトの一体成形体、または複数の多孔性グラファイトフェルトシートを貼り合わせて構成された積層体である請求項8に記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記積層体は、導電性接着剤で接着されて貼り合わされる請求項9に記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記第2の導電性充填材は、板状に形成された立体である請求項1に記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記立体は、多孔性グラファイトの一体成形体、または複数の多孔性グラファイトシートを貼り合わせて構成された積層体である請求項11に記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記立体は、多孔性グラファイトの一体成形体、または複数の多孔性グラファイトシートを貼り合わせて構成された積層体に白金、マンガンまたはコバルトを担持させた立体である請求項11に記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記原液は、窒素源およびリン源を含む請求項1に記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記原液は、電子メディエータを含まない請求項14に記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記原液は、有機物濃度100mg/L以上10,000mg/L以下である請求項15に記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記アノード室は、官能基を含まない請求項1に記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記アノード室は、微生物濃度1g/L以上の微生物を保持する請求項17に記載の微生物発電装置。
- 前記アノード室は、前記原液が流入する流入口及び前記原液が流出する流出口を備える一対の壁面を有し、
複数の多孔性グラファイトシートを貼り合わせて構成された積層体から成る前記第1の導電性充填材が、積層面を前記壁面に対して直交するように配置される請求項1に記載の微生物発電装置。 - 前記非導電膜はカチオン透過膜またはアニオン透過膜である請求項1に記載の微生物発電装置。
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WO2018061058A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-04-05 | パナソニック株式会社 | 微生物燃料電池及び廃液処理装置 |
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CN102324526B (zh) * | 2011-08-25 | 2014-07-30 | 哈尔滨佳泰达科技有限公司 | 一种微生物燃料电池复合材料阳极及制造方法 |
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CN105981208A (zh) * | 2014-02-13 | 2016-09-28 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 微生物燃料电池、微生物燃料电池系统以及微生物燃料电池的使用方法 |
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