Classifications

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  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
  • H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
  • H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
  • H10K85/636—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising heteroaromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D219/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing acridine or hydrogenated acridine ring systems
  • C07D219/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing acridine or hydrogenated acridine ring systems with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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  • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
  • C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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  • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
  • H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
  • H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
  • H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
  • H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
  • H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
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  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
  • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
  • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
  • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
  • H10K50/18—Carrier blocking layers
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  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
  • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
  • H10K50/18—Carrier blocking layers
  • H10K50/181—Electron blocking layers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
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  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
  • H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
  • H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
  • H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of (hetero) aryl-substituted acridine derivatives as matrix materials in a light-emitting layer of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and / or as electron blockers in OLEDs.
• OLEDs organic light-emitting diodes
• the present invention relates to a light-emitting layer which contains at least one emitter material and at least one matrix material, wherein at least one (hetero) aryl-substituted acridine derivative is used as the matrix material, and an organic light-emitting diode which comprises at least one light-emitting Layer and / or a block layer for electrons, which contains the (hetero) aryl-substituted acridine derivatives according to the present application, and a device selected from stationary and mobile screens and lighting units containing at least one organic light emitting diode according to the invention.
• OLEDs organic light emitting diodes
• the property of materials is used to emit light when excited by electric current.
• OLEDs are of particular interest as an alternative to cathode ray tubes and liquid crystal displays for the production of flat panel displays. Due to the very compact design and the intrinsically low power consumption, devices containing OLEDs are particularly suitable for mobile applications, for example for applications in mobile phones, laptops, digital cameras, as well as for lighting, etc.
• OLEDs As light-emitting materials (emitters), phosphorescent materials (phosphorescence emitters) can be used in addition to fluorescent materials (fluorescence emitters).
• the phosphorescence emitters are usually organometallic complexes which, in contrast to the fluorescence emitters which exhibit singlet emission, exhibit triplet emission (triplet emitters) (MA Baldow et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75, 4-6).
• Such device compositions may contain, for example, matrix materials in which the actual light emitter is present in distributed form.
• the selection of the matrix material has a significant influence on, among other things, the luminance and quantum yields of the OLEDs.
• As the block layer for electrons, the OLEDs has an impact on the performance of the OLEDs, so it makes sense, for. B. adapt the block layer for electrons to the light emitter.
• US 2004/0219386 A1 relates to the use of heterogeneous spiro compounds in OLEDs, where these can be used as light-emitting layer and / or one or more charge transport layers, or as host material (matrix material) for one or more of these layers.
• the overall disclosure in US 2004/0219386 A1 also includes those spiro compounds which have acridine units.
• JP 2004/171986 A2 relates to OLEDs in which polycyclic compounds are used in the electron transport layer or as matrix material in the light-emitting layer.
• the polycyclic compounds are spiro compounds, almost all of which are related to spirobifluorenes.
• a spirocyclic acridine derivative is disclosed. This acridine derivative is substituted on the nitrogen with a methyl group and has an aliphatic spiro-linkage to another acridine derivative in the 9-position.
• the polycyclic compounds mentioned in JP 2004/171986 A2 are suitable as matrix material for triplet emitters.
• EP 1 341 403 A1 relates to organic light-emitting diodes which contain special spirocyclic organic compounds.
• the spiro-cyclic organic compounds may, inter alia, be an acridine derivative which is substituted on the nitrogen atom with a methyl group and has a spiro-linkage to a fluorenyl radical in the 9-position.
• the spiro compounds disclosed in EP 1 341 403 A1 are preferably used in the electron transport layer or hole blocking layer.
• JP 06-293883 A relates to compounds which have tricyclic organic compounds in their light-emitting layer. According to the general definition in JP 06-293883 A, the compounds may be acridine derivatives. In JP 06-293883 A, however, no examples of suitable acridine derivatives are disclosed, but only acridone derivatives.
• JP 07-109449 A relates to the use of compounds having a tricyclic base in OLEDs.
• the compounds disclosed in JP 07-109449 A have the same basic structure as the compounds disclosed in JP 06-293883 A. They are used according to JP 07-109449 A in the light-emitting layer.
• the basic structure disclosed in JP 07-109449 A also includes acridine derivatives, no examples of suitable acridine derivatives are disclosed, but merely examples of acridone derivatives.
• JP 08-259937 A relates to an electron transport material for OLEDs, which may be an acridine derivative substituted in the 9-position with two triaryl radicals.
• the use of the compounds disclosed in JP 08-259937 A as matrix materials is not disclosed in JP 08-259937 A.
• JP 10-338871 A relates to the use of the compounds already disclosed in JP 08-259937 A in the light-emitting layer as an electroluminescent material.
• the use of the disclosed in JP 10-338871 A acridine derivatives as a matrix material is not disclosed in JP 10-338871.
• JP 09-310066 A relates to specific amine compounds which can be used in the hole transport layer of an OLED.
• the amine compounds according to JP 09-310066A may be acridine derivatives.
• the acridine derivatives disclosed in JP 09-310066 A carry alkyl radicals in their 9-position, for example methyl groups.
• JP 10-226785 A relates to the use of specific triarylamine compounds as hole injecting or hole transport materials in organic light-emitting diodes.
• the triarylamine compounds may be added to the light emitting layer or other layer (hole injection layer or hole transport layer) of the OLED.
• the triarylamine compounds according to JP 10-226785 A may inter alia be acridine derivatives, these carrying in the 9-position alkyl radicals, for example methyl radicals.
• JP 2001-244076 A relates, inter alia, to the use of bis-acridine derivatives linked via an aryl group in organic light-emitting diodes.
• the acridine derivatives mentioned in JP 2001-244076 A can be used inter alia as matrix material in the light-emitting Layer are used.
• JP 2001-244076 A mentions no specific acridine derivatives (but only acridone derivatives).
• the object of the present application is therefore to provide novel matrix materials for use in the light-emitting layer in OLEDs, as well as electron blockers for use in OLEDs, which preferably serve as matrix materials and / or electron blockers for triplet emitters.
• the matrix materials and electron blockers should be easily accessible and, in combination with the actual emitter (s), should result in good luminances and quantum yields in OLEDs.
• (Het) Ar 1 , (Het) Ar 2 independently of one another an unsubstituted or substituted aryl radical or an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl radical;
• R 1 is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl radical which may be linear or branched, an unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted heterocycloalkyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl radical;
• D R 3 independently of one another are an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl radical which may be linear or branched, an unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted heterocycloalkyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl radical or a silyl radical;
• n, m independently of one another denote 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein in the case where n or m are 0, all positions of the acridine backbone which can be substituted by R 2 or R 3 are hydrogen;
• the compounds of the formula (I) used according to the invention are used in the light-emitting layer of an OLED together with the actual emitter.
• the emitter which is used together with the matrix materials of the formula (I) in the light-emitting layer of an OLED, is preferably a triplet emitter.
• the compounds of the formula (I) can be used in a block layer for electrons, which is preferably present in direct proximity (direct contact) to the emitter layer in the OLEDs.
• the emitter is also in this case preferably a triplet emitter.
• a further subject of the present invention is therefore the use of the acridine derivatives of the formula (I) as matrix materials for triplet emitters.
• a further subject of the present invention is furthermore the use of the acridine derivatives of the formula (I) in a block layer for electrons, wherein the block layer is present for electrons in an OLED and is in direct contact with the emitter layer of the OLED, wherein the emitter layer has a triplet Contains emitter.
• a further subject of the present invention is therefore the use of the acridine derivatives of the formula (I) as electron blockers for triplet emitters.
• acridine derivatives of the formula (I) are distinguished in particular by having good luminance densities and quantum yields when used in the emitter layer of OLEDs in combination with the actual emitter (s) in the form of matrix material and / or in the form of electron blockers , Furthermore, acridine derivatives of the formula (I) are readily vaporisable and form stable amorphous films. They can also be synthetically adapted to the emitter used. Essential for the use of organic compounds as matrix materials and / or electron blockers, in particular for triplet emitters, in organic light-emitting diodes is the energy of the lowest triplet state.
• this generally has at least 2.6 eV, preferably the energy of the lowest triplet state is from 2.6 to 3.3 eV, more preferably from 2.7 to 3.0 eV.
• the energy of the lowest triplet state is defined as the shortwave peak of the triplet emission.
• the abovementioned radicals (Het) Ar 1 , (Het) Ar 2 , R 1 , R 2 and R 3 and the abovementioned optional bridges may be unsubstituted or substituted.
• all substitutable positions are occupied by hydrogen atoms.
• the groups independently of one another can carry one or more substituents, the maximum number of substituents being given by the number of substitutable positions in the respective abovementioned groups.
• Preferred embodiments relating to the substitution of the abovementioned radicals are mentioned below.
• Suitable substituents are alkyl radicals which may be linear or branched, cycloalkyl radicals, heterocycloalkyl radicals, alkoxy radicals, cyano groups, aryl- or heteroaryl-carbonyloxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, silyl radicals, aryl radicals or heteroaryl radicals.
• alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, silyl, aryl and heteroaryl radicals are mentioned below.
• radicals are particularly preferably used as substituents: C 1 - to C 5 -alkyl radicals which may be linear or branched, preferably C 1 - to C 4 -alkyl radicals which may be linear or branched, more preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl.
• the alkyl radicals may be unsubstituted or substituted, suitable substituents being preferably selected from the group consisting of aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy and halogen.
• substituted alkyl radicals suitable as substituents are CF 3 , phenoxymethyl and benzyl.
• Further preferred substituents are C 6 -C 4 -aryl radicals, which in turn may be substituted or unsubstituted by the substituents mentioned for the alkyl radicals, for example phenyl or biphenyl.
• Further preferred suitable substituents are heteroaryl radicals having 5 to 14 ring atoms, which in turn may be substituted by the substituents mentioned above for the alkyl radicals or may be unsubstituted.
• Preferred heteroaryl radicals are pyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazinyl, oxadiazolyl, benzofuryl, dibenzofuryl, benzothienyl, dibenzothienyl, carbazolyl, which may be linked via the N atom or via one of its C atoms to the acridine skeleton, acridyl which is bonded via the N Atom or via one of its carbon atoms may be linked to the acridine skeleton, phenothiazine S, S-dioxide, via the N atom or via one of its carbon atoms may be linked to the acridine skeleton, and optionally substituted imidazoles and benzimidazoles, which may be linked via N or C.
• suitable substituents are alkoxy substituents, preferred alkyl radicals of the alkoxy substituents being already mentioned above among the alkyl radicals suitable as substituents. Particular preference is given to using alkoxy substituent OCH 3 .
• Further preferred substituents are aryl- and heteroarylcarbonyloxy, suitable aryl radicals and heteroaryl radicals corresponding to the aryl radicals and heteroaryl radicals mentioned above as substituents.
• Other preferred substituents suitable radicals are CN groups and silyl groups.
• the radicals mentioned as substituents may themselves in turn carry one or more substituents selected from the abovementioned group.
• said carbazolyl radicals may be substituted with silyl groups.
• the alkyl radicals and the alkyl radicals of the alkoxy groups according to the present application may be both straight-chain and branched, and preferably have 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• the alkyl radicals are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl.
• the alkyl radicals may be unsubstituted or substituted, with preferred substituents selected from the group consisting of aryl, alkoxy and halogen. Further suitable substituents of the alkyl radicals are mentioned above. Examples of suitable substituted alkyl radicals are CF 3 , benzyl and phenoxymethyl.
• the cycloalkyl radicals according to the present application are preferably C 3 - to C 4 -cycloalkyl radicals, that is to say cycloalkyl radicals which have 3 to 14 carbon atoms in their ring skeleton. Particularly preferred are C 5 - to C 0 - cycloalkyl.
• the cycloalkyl radicals may be mono-, bi- or polycyclic.
• the cycloalkyl radicals are preferably mono- or bicyclic cycloalkyl radicals, more preferably monocyclic cycloalkyl radicals.
• the cycloalkyl radicals may be substituted or unsubstituted.
• Suitable substituents are preferably selected from the group consisting of aryl, alkoxy and halogen. Further preferred suitable substituents have already been mentioned above.
• suitable cycloalkyl radicals are monocyclic cycloalkyl radicals such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cycloonyl and cyclodecyl and also polycyclic cycloalkyl radicals such as decalinyl, norbornanyl, bornanyl or adamantyl.
• Heterocycloalkyl radicals are to be understood as meaning radicals which differ from the abovementioned cycloalkyl radicals in that at least one carbon atom in the cyclic alkyl backbone is replaced by a heteroatom.
• Preferred heteroatoms are N, O and S.
• the heterocycloalkyl backbone may, like the cycloalkyl backbone, be in one, several or all substitutable positions be substituted, with suitable substituents being the same as those already mentioned under the definition of cycloalkyl.
• the number of ring atoms likewise corresponds to the number of carbon atoms mentioned with regard to the cycloalkyl radicals.
• Preferred heterocycloalkyl radicals are nitrogen-containing radicals such as pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, piperidin-2-yl, piperidin-3-yl, piperidin-4-yl.
• Suitable halogen substituents are fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably fluorine, chlorine and bromine, particularly preferably fluorine and chlorine, fluorine being very particularly preferred.
• Suitable alkoxy groups are derived from the corresponding alkyl radicals as defined above. Examples of suitable alkoxy groups are OCH 3 , OC 2 H 5 , OC 3 H 7 and OC 4 H 9 . Under C 3 H 7 and C 4 H 9, both the n-isomers and the branched isomers such as isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl are to be understood.
• Aryl in the present application are radicals which are derived from mono- or polycyclic aromatics, preferably mono-, bi- or tricyclic aromatics, more preferably mono- or bicyclic aromatics and contain no ring heteroatoms. Unless they are monocyclic systems, the term aryl for the second or further ring also includes the saturated form (perhydroform) or the partially unsaturated form (for example dihydroform or tetrahydroform), provided the respective forms are known and stable. That is, the term aryl in the present application includes, for example, bicyclic radicals in which both both radicals are aromatic and bicyclic radicals in which only one ring is aromatic.
• Suitable aryl radicals are: phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, 1, 2-dihydronaphthenyl, 1, 4-dihydronaphthenyl, indinyl or 1, 2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl. Particularly preferred are phenyl or naphthyl, most preferably phenyl.
• the aryl radicals may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more further radicals.
• Suitable further radicals are selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, heteroaryl, hydroxy, amino and halogen.
• Preferred alkyl, aryl, alkoxy and halogen radicals and suitable further substituents have already been mentioned above.
• the substitution of the aryl radicals is dependent inter alia on their position in the acridine skeleton of the formula (I). Other substituted depending on their position aryl radicals are thus mentioned below with respect to the definitions of the individual substituents on the acridine skeleton of the formula (I).
• Suitable aryloxy and arylcarbonyloxy groups are derived from the corresponding aryl radicals as defined above. Particularly preferred are phenoxy and phenylcarbonyloxy.
• Suitable amino groups have the general formula -NR'R ", where R 'and R" are aryl. Suitable aryl radicals, which may each be optionally substituted, are mentioned above. Examples of suitable amino groups are diarylamino groups such as diphenylamino.
• Heteroaryl is to be understood as meaning mono-, bi- or polycyclic heteroaromatic groups, preferably mono-, bi- or tricyclic heteroaromatic groups, which can be derived in part from the abovementioned aryl in which at least one carbon atom in the aryl skeleton is replaced by a heteroatom.
• Preferred heteroatoms are N, O and S.
• Preferred monocyclic heteroaryl radicals are derived from pyridine, pyrimidine and triazine, it being possible for the nitrogen atoms in the pyrimidine and triazine radicals to be arranged as desired, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole and oxadiazole ,
• the backbone may be substituted at one, several or all substitutable positions, suitable substituents being those defined for the definition of aryl.
• the monocyclic heteroaryl backbone may be fused with one or two aryl groups to form bicyclic or tricyclic heteroaryl radicals.
• Suitable bicyclic or tricyclic heteroaryl radicals are benzofuryl, dibenzofuryl, benzothienyl, dibenzothienyl, carbazolyl, benzimidazolyl, phenothiazine-S, S-dioxide-yl, acridyl, the linking of the carbazolyl, phenothiazine-S, S-dioxide-yl and also the Acridyl radicals can be made either via the N atom or via one of the C atoms of the corresponding radicals.
• heteroaryl substituents are dependent on the position of the substituents on the acridyl skeleton of the formula (I) and are mentioned below with respect to the definitions of the individual radicals of the acridyl skeleton of the formula (I).
• silyl radicals are arylsilyl radicals, arylalkylsilyl radicals and alkylsilyl radicals, suitable aryl and alkyl groups being mentioned above.
• Preferred aryl groups in the silyl radicals are C ⁇ -aryl radicals, which may be substituted or unsubstituted, particularly preferred are unsubstituted phenyl radicals.
• Preferred alkyl groups are C 1 -C 8 -alkyl radicals, particularly preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals, more preferably methyl or ethyl radicals and very particularly preferably methyl radicals.
• Examples of preferred silyl radicals are triphenylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl and phenyldimethylsilyl.
• the radical R 1 is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl radical which may be linear or branched, an unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted heterocycloalkyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted one Aryl radical or an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl radical.
• Suitable and preferred alkyl radicals, cycloalkyl radicals, heterocycloalkyl radicals, aryl radicals, heteroaryl radicals and suitable substituents have already been mentioned above.
• the radical R 1 is preferably an unsubstituted or substituted C 1 to C 6 alkyl radical which may be linear or branched, more preferably an unsubstituted C 1 to C 4 alkyl radical which may be linear or branched; an unsubstituted or substituted Ce to Cu aryl radical, particularly preferably an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl radical or an unsubstituted or substituted biphenyl radical; an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl radical having 5 to 14 ring atoms, more preferably an unsubstituted or substituted pyridyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted pyrimidyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted benzofuryl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted dibenzofuryl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted benzothienyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted dibenzothienyl radical , an unsub
• the radical R 1 is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl radical, preferred aryl radicals being mentioned above and suitable examples of aryl radicals R 1 being mentioned below. Suitable substituents of the abovementioned preferred radicals have already been mentioned above. Examples of suitable radicals R 1 are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl and radicals of the following general formulas
• R 4 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, SiIyI and halogen, with preferred alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, Aryloxycarbonyloxy, SiIyI and halogen groups mentioned above , Very particularly preferred radicals R 4 are methyl, methoxy, CF 3 , CN, SiIyI (preferably triphenylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl, phenyldimethylsilyl).
• R 5 is alkyl which may be substituted or unsubstituted and branched or unbranched, preferably C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, more preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, very particularly preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n Butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, particularly preferably methyl, CF 3 ; Alkoxy, preferably C 1 to C 4 alkoxy, more preferably methoxy; Cyano, SiIyI; Arylcarbonyloxy, preferably phenylcarbonyloxy, heteroarylcarbonyloxy, preferred heteroaryl groups being mentioned above, or a radical of the formulas mentioned below:
• R 6 is hydrogen, AI ky I, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, with suitable alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl radicals mentioned above;
• R ' is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl radical which may be linear or branched, an unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted heterocycloalkyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl radical, suitable alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl - and heteroaryl radicals mentioned above;
• (Het) Ar 1 and (Het) Ar 2 independently represent an unsubstituted or substituted aryl radical or an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl radical.
• the radicals (Het) Ar 1 and (Het) Ar 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C 6 -C 4 -aryl radicals, preferably unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or unsubstituted or substituted biphenyl; and unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl radicals having 5 to 14 ring atoms, preferably unsubstituted or substituted pyridyl, unsubstituted or substituted pyrimidyl, unsubstituted or substituted triazinyl, unsubstituted or substituted benzofuryl, unsubstituted or substituted benzothienyl, unsubstituted or substituted benzimidazolyl, unsubstituted or
• Particularly preferred radicals (Het) Ar 1 and (Het) Ar 2 are independently selected from the radicals shown below:
• radicals R 4 , R 5 and R 6 and the indices o, p, r, s and t have the meanings given above with respect to the radicals R 1 .
• the groups (Het) Ar 1 and (Het) Ar 2 are identical in the acridine derivatives of the formula (I).
• R 2 and R 3 in the acridine derivatives of the formula (I) independently represent an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl radical which may be linear or branched, an unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted heterocycloalkyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl radical or an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl radical and a silyl radical.
• Suitable alkyl radicals, cycloalkyl radicals, heterocycloalkyl radicals, aryl radicals and heteroaryl radicals are mentioned above. Suitable substituents are also already mentioned above.
• R 2 and R 3 independently of one another preferably denote an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl radical which may be linear or branched, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl radical or an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl radical.
• R 2 and R 3 are independently C 1 to C 8 alkyl, which may be unsubstituted or substituted and linear or branched, preferably C 1 to C 4 alkyl, which may be linear or branched and is unsubstituted, for example Methyl, ethyl, n -propyl, iso -propyl, n -butyl, iso -butyl, sec -butyl, tert -butyl; unsubstituted or substituted C 6 -C 4 -aryl, preferably unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, particularly preferably unsubstituted phenyl; unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl having 5 to 14 ring atoms, preferably unsubstituted or substituted pyridyl, unsubstituted or substituted carbazolyl, particularly preferably unsubstituted pyridyl, unsubstituted or substituted or
• n and m are each independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein in the case when n or m are 0, all positions of the acridine skeleton which are substitutable with R 2 or R 3, respectively Mean hydrogen.
• n and m are independently 0, 1 or 2, more preferably 0 or 1, most preferably 0.
• the symbol in the acridine derivatives of the formula (I) represents an optional bridge of 0, 1 or 2 atoms which covalently link together the groups (Het) Ar 1 and (Het) Ar 2 .
• a bridge of 0 atoms means that a direct bond between the groups (Het) Ar 1 and (Het) Ar 2 is formed.
• the atoms forming the bridge can be carbon atoms or heteroatoms, for example O, N or S. If the bridge contains more than one atom, the atoms can be either carbon atoms or heteroatoms, so that bridges composed of pure carbon atom chains (alkylene bridge) as well as bridges having, in addition to carbon atoms, heteroatoms (heteroalkylene bridge) , are included.
• the carbon atoms or optionally the heteroatoms, for example N can be substituted by hydrogen atoms, alkyl radicals, for example Cr to C 4 -alkyl radicals, preferably methyl; or aryl radicals, for example C 6 - to C 4 -aryl radicals, preferably phenyl.
• the bridge may be an alkenylene group if the bridge has at least two carbon atoms. This alkenylene group can also be substituted by hydrogen or the abovementioned radicals.
• the bridge is composed of carbon atoms or a bond, very particularly preferred is a bridge composed of one or more carbon atom (s)
• the acridine derivative of the general formula (I) may further include an optional bridge which has 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1, very particularly preferably 1 atom (s), and which links the radical R 1 covalently with one of the substitutable carbon atoms of the Acridingerüsts.
• Suitable bridges are those with respect to a
• Bridge called bridges.
• Formula (I) no bridge that is, the acridine derivatives of the formula (I) are particularly preferably no spiro compounds. It has been found that acridine derivatives of the formula (I) which are not spiro compounds have good amorphous state stability when an OLED is operated.
• the durability of the amorphous state is an important criterion for use in matrix materials suitable for OLEDs.
• the thermal stress during the operation of an OLED can lead to a transition from the metastable amorphous state to the thermodynamically stable crystal. This has far-reaching consequences for the life of the component.
• the grain boundaries of individual crystallites represent defects at which the transport of charge carriers comes to a standstill.
• the restructuring of the layers associated with the crystallization leads to a reduced contact of the layers with each other and with the electrodes. This eventually leads to the destruction of the OLED during operation over time. It is known that the stability of the amorphous state in spiro compounds is particularly high. It has been found that acridine derivatives of the formula (I) which are not spiro a
• the present invention relates to acridine derivatives of the general formula (I) in which the radicals and symbols independently of one another have the following meanings:
• (Het) Ar 2 independently selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C 6 -C 4 -aryl radicals and unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl radicals having 5 to 14 ring atoms, preferably selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted biphenyl, unsubstituted substituted or substituted pyridyl, unsubstituted or substituted pyrimidyl, unsubstituted or substituted triazinyl, unsubstituted or substituted benzofuryl, unsubstituted or substituted benzimidazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted benzothienyl, unsubstituted or substituted dibenzofuryl, unsubstituted or substituted benzothienyl and unsubstituted or substituted carbazolyl , particularly preferably phenyl which is unsubstitute
• an unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 8 -alkyl radical which may be linear or branched, preferably an unsubstituted C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radical which may be linear or branched; an unsubstituted or substituted Ce to C 4 -aryl radical, preferably an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl radical or an unsubstituted or substituted biphenyl radical; an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl radical having 5 to 14 ring atoms, preferably an unsubstituted or substituted pyridyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted pyrimidyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted benzofuryl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted benzothienyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted dibenzofuryl radical, an unsubstituted ter or substituted dibenzothienyl radical or an unsubsti
• R ' is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl radical which may be linear or branched, an unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted heterocycloalkyl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted one Aryl radical, an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl radical;
• R 1 is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more of the abovementioned radicals,
• R 2 ⁇ , D R3 independently of one another are an unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 5 -alkyl radical which may be linear or branched, preferably an unsubstituted C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radical; an unsubstituted or substituted C 6 -C 4 -aryl radical, preferably an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl radical or an unsubstituted or substituted biphenyl radical; an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl radical having 5 to 14 ring atoms, preferably an unsubstituted or substituted pyridyl radical, preferably an unsubstituted or substituted carbazolyl radical or a silyl radical, preferably triphenylsilyl, diphenylmethylsilyl, phenyldimethylsilyl;
• the acridine derivatives of the formula (I) each have no or in each case a radical R 2 or
• n, m is 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 0 or 1, more preferably 0;
• acridine derivatives The preparation of the acridine derivatives is carried out by methods known to the person skilled in the art, or processes which are derived from processes known to the person skilled in the art. Suitable production methods are specified, for example, in the literature mentioned in the introduction to the description.
• acridine derivatives of formula (I) can be prepared according to the following scheme 1:
• polar aprotic solvent e.g. THF
• Metallating reagent e.g. tert.-BuLi
• low temperature e.g. -78 ° C
• halogen e.g. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, preferably chlorine or bromine, more preferably bromine.
• the acridine derivatives of the formula (I) are outstandingly suitable for use as matrix materials in the light-emitting layer in organic light emitting diodes and as electron blockers in OLEDs.
• they are suitable as matrix materials in the light-emitting layer, in which one or more triplet emitters are used as emitter connections, as well as an electron blocker in a light emitting layer of an OLED directly adjacent block layer for electrons, wherein the light-emitting layer or contains multiple triplet emitters.
• Another object of the present invention is therefore an OLED containing at least one acridine derivative of the formula (I) in the light-emitting layer in addition to at least one emitter compound, which is preferably at least one triplet emitter.
• a further subject of the present invention is furthermore an OLED containing at least one acridine derivative of the formula (I) in a block layer for electrons, wherein the blocking layer for electrons is preferably in direct contact with the light-emitting layer of the OLED and the light-emitting layer the OLED preferably contains at least one triplet emitter.
• the acridine derivatives of the formula (I) are used both as matrix material and as electron blocker in an OLED.
• the acridine derivatives of the formula (I) used as matrix material and as electron blockers in an OLED are preferably different acridine derivatives of the formula (I).
• Another object of the present invention is a light-emitting layer containing at least one emitter compound and at least one matrix material, wherein at least one acridine derivative of the formula (I) is used as the matrix material.
• at least one emitter compound is preferably a triplet emitter. Suitable triplet emitters are known to the person skilled in the art. Preferred triplet emitters are mentioned below.
• Another object of the present application is a block layer for electrons containing at least one acridine derivative of the formula (I), wherein preferred acridine derivatives of the formula (I) are already mentioned above.
• the suitability of the acridine derivatives of the formula (I) as an electron blocker or matrix material is u. a. depending on the electronic conditions in the OLED and the substitution pattern of the acridine derivatives of the formula (I).
• the matrix material has a stronger electron affinity than the electron blocker material.
• the electron naffinitt2011 can be about the reduction potential z. B. be determined in a cyclovoltametric measurement, with suitable measuring arrangements are known in the art.
• Another object of the present invention is an OLED containing at least one light-emitting layer according to the invention.
• the use of the acridine derivatives of the formula (I) as matrix materials and / or electron blockers should not preclude the fact that these compounds themselves also emit light.
• the matrix materials or electron blockers used according to the invention have the effect that, in the case of compounds which are used as emitters in OLEDs, an increase in the luminance and quantum yield in comparison with otherwise customary matrix materials or electron blockers is normally achieved.
• the emitter compounds preferably used are based on metal complexes, wherein, for example, the complexes of the metals Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt Re, Os, Cu and Au, in particular the complexes of the metals Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd and Pt, before in all of which the complexes of Ir have gained importance.
• the acridine derivatives of the formula I used according to the invention are especially suitable as matrix materials and / or electron blocker materials Emitter based on such metal complexes suitable. In particular, they are suitable for use as matrix materials and / or electron blocker materials along with complexes of Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd and Pt, more preferably for use with complexes of Ir.
• Suitable metal complexes for use with the acridine derivatives of formula I as matrix materials and / or electron blocker materials in OLEDs are e.g. in the publications WO 02/60910 A1, US 2001/0015432 A1, US 2001/0019782 A1, US 2002/0055014 A1, US 2002/0024293 A1, US 2002/0048689 A1, EP 1 191 612 A2, EP 1 191 613 A2 , EP 1 211 257 A2, US 2002/0094453 A1, WO 02/02714 A2, WO 00/70655 A2, WO 01/41512 A1, WO 02/15645 A1, WO 2005/019373 A2, WO 2005/1 13704 A2, WO 2006/1 15301 A1, WO 2006/067074 A1, WO 2006/056418, WO 2006/103874 A1, WO 2005/123873 A1 and WO 2006/121811 A1.
• the blue light-emitting iridium complexes are iridium (III) bis [(4,6-di-fluorophenyl) pyridinato-N, C 2 ] picolinate (Flrpic), described, for example, in S. Lamansky et al., J. Am. Soc. 2001, 123, 4304 and C. Adachi et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 79, 2082, and iridium (III) to (4 ', 6'-difluorophenylpyridinato) tetrakis (1-pyrazolyl) borate (Flr6), described, for example, in RJ Holmes et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83, 3818.
• iridium (III) bis [(4,6-di-fluorophenyl) pyridinato-N, C 2 ] picolinate (Flrpic) described, for
• metal complexes are the commercially available metal complexes tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium (III), iridium (III) tris (2- (4-tolyl) pyridinato-N, C 2 '), iridium (III) tris (1 phenylisoquinoline), iridium (III) to (2-2'-benzothienyl) pyridinato
• the following commercially available materials are also suitable: tris (dibenzoylacetonato) mono (phenanthroline) europium (III), tris (dibenzoylmethane) mono (phenanthroline) europium (III), tris (dibenzoylmethane) mono (5-aminophenan) throline) europium (III), tris (di-2-naphthoylmethane) -mono (phenanthroline) -europium (III),
• Each R 4 independently is a substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, SiIyI and halogen, with preferred alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, SiIyI and halogen groups mentioned above , Very particularly preferred radicals R 4 are substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, where substituted phenyl is preferably having alkyl substituents such as C 1 -C 4 , preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals, which may be linear or branched, particularly preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, Propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl substituted phenyl; Methyl; methoxy; CF 3 ; CN; Si
• M is Ir, Rh, Pt, Pd or Ru, preferably Ir;
• r is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, particularly preferably 0 or 1, wherein in the cases when r is 0, all substitutable positions of the aryl radical carry hydrogen atoms.
• Preferred homoleptic complexes of the formula (II) have the following structures:
• Each R 4 independently is a substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, SiIyI and halogen, with preferred alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, SiIyI and halogen groups mentioned above , Very particularly preferred radicals R 4 are substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, where substituted phenyl preferably with alkyl substituents such as C 1 -C 4 , preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals, which may be linear or branched, particularly preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or tert Butyl substituted phenyl; Methyl; methoxy; CF 3 ; CN; SiIyI (preferably triphen
• ALK is an alkyl radical, preferably a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radical, which may be linear or branched, particularly preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl ;
• r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, particularly preferably 0 or 1;
• s is 0, 1, 2, 3, preferably 0 or 1;
• t is 0, 1, 2, preferably 0 or 1;
• X ' is independently of one another N or CH and R 4 has the abovementioned meanings.
• Preferred heteroleptic complexes of the formula (III) have the following structures:
• Preferred homoleptic complexes of the formula (IV) have the following structures:
• Preferred heteroleptic complexes of the formula (V) have the following structures:
• the acridine derivatives of the formula (I) are common in the light-emitting layer as matrix material used with carbene complexes as triplet emitters, ie particularly preferred triplet emitters are carbene complexes. Suitable carbene complexes are known to the person skilled in the art and are mentioned in some of the aforementioned applications and below.
• the acridine derivatives of the formula (I) are used as electron blocker material together with carbene complexes as triplet emitters.
• the acridine derivatives of the formula (I) can furthermore be used both as matrix materials and as electron blocker materials together with carbene complexes as triplet emitters.
• Suitable metal complexes for use together with the acridine derivatives of the formula I as matrix materials and / or electron blocker materials in OLEDs are therefore also, for example, carbene complexes, as described in WO 2005/019373 A2, WO 2006/056418 A2 and WO 2005/113704 and in the older European patent applications EP 06 1 12 228.9 and EP 06 1 12 198.4, both of which are unpublished.
• the disclosure of the cited WO and EP applications is hereby explicitly referred to and these disclosures are to be regarded as being included in the content of the present application.
• suitable metal complexes for use together with the acridine derivatives of the formula I as matrix materials and / or electron blocker materials in OLEDs contain carbene ligands of the following structures, which are disclosed, inter alia, in WO 2005/019373 A2 (the designation of the variables used below was selected from the application WO 2005 / 019373 A2, with regard to the more precise definition of the variables, reference is expressly made to this application):
• z, z are the same or different, CH or N;
• halo radicals
• t and t ' are identical or different, preferably equal to 0 to 3, where, when t or t'> 1, the radicals R 12 and R 12 may be identical or different, preferably t or t 'is 0 or 1, the radical R 12 or R 12 is, when t or t 'is 1, in the ortho, meta or para position to the point of attachment to the nitrogen atom adjacent to the carbene carbon atom;
• R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 11 are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl or a substituent with donor or acceptor, preferably selected from halo radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, more preferably F, alkoxy, aryloxy, carbonyl - radicals, ester radicals, amine radicals, amide radicals, CH 2 F groups, CHF 2 -
• Groups, CF 3 groups, CN groups, thio groups and SCN groups preferably hydrogen, alkyl, heteroaryl or aryl,
• R 10 is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or alkenyl, preferably alkyl, heteroaryl or aryl, or in each case 2 radicals R 10 together form a fused ring which may optionally contain at least one heteroatom, preferably nitrogen, preferably form in each case 2 radicals R 10 together fused aromatic C ⁇ ring, which may be fused to this, preferably six-membered aromatic ring optionally one or more further aromatic rings, wherein any conceivable annulation is possible, and the fused radicals may in turn be substituted; or R 10 is a radical having a donor or acceptor effect, preferably selected from the group consisting of halogen radicals, preferably F, Cl, Br, particularly preferably F; Alkoxy, aryloxy, carbonyl, ester, amino, amide, CHF 2 , CH 2 F, CF 3 , CN, thio groups and SCN
• v is 0 to 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, most preferably 0, wherein when v
• the four carbon atoms of the aryl group in formula c, optionally substituted with R 10 carry hydrogen atoms.
• suitable metal complexes for use together with the acridine derivatives of the formula I as matrix materials and / or electron block materials in OLEDs contain Ir carbene complexes of the following structures disclosed in WO 2005/019373 A2:
• M is Ru (III), Rh (III), Ir (III), Pd (II) or Pt (II)
• n Ru (III), Rh (III) and Ir (III) is 3, for Pd (II) and Pt (II) assumes the value 2 and Y 2 and Y 3 signify hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl or tert-butyl.
• M is Ir (III) with n equal to 3.
• Y 3 is preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl or tert-butyl.
• M is Ru (III), Rh (III), Ir (III), Pd (II) or Pt (II)
• n Ru (III), Rh (III) and Ir (III) is 3, for Pd (II) and Pt (II) is 2 and Y 3 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl or tert-butyl.
• M is Ir (III) with n equal to 3.
• Y 3 is preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl or tert-butyl.
• M is Ru (III), Rh (III) and especially Ir (III), Pd (II) or Pt (II), n is Ru (III), Rh (III) and Ir (III) is 3 and for Pd (II) and Pt (II) assumes the value 2.
• M is Ru (III), Rh (III) and especially Ir (III), Pd (II) or Pt (II), n is Ru (III), Rh (III) and Ir (III) is 3 and for Pd (II) and Pt (II) assumes the value 2.
• complexes with different carbene ligands and / or with mono- or dianionic ligands which may be both mono- and bidentate, are also suitable.
• M is, for example, Ru (III), Rh (III) or Ir (III), in particular Ir (III), and L ' and L "are , for example, ligands selected from the group of ligands L 1 to L 7
• YY 22 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl or tert. Butyl and Y 3 methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl or part. Butyl. designated.
• LML ' L " examples of complexes of trivalent metal centers M with ligands L (here monoanionic, bidentate ligand) as “spectator ligands” are LML ' L “ , LM (LZ) 2 and L 2 ML ' , where M is approximately Ru (III), Rh ( III) or Ir (III), in particular Ir (III), and L ' and L "have the meaning given above.
• L ' and L " in the complexes LML ' L " this yields:
• Suitable ligands L are, in particular, the acetylacetonate and its derivatives, the picolinate, Schiff's bases, amino acids and the bidentate monoanionic ligands mentioned in WO 02/15645 A1; In particular, the acetylacetonate and picolinate are of interest. In the case of complexes L 2 ML ' , the ligands L may be the same or different.
• Y 3 denotes hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl or tert-butyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or iso-propyl.
• M is Ru (III), Rh (III), Ir (III), Pd (II) or Pt (II), n in the case where M is Ru (III), Rh (III) and Ir (III) means the value 3 and in the case where M is Pd (II) and Pt (II) assumes the value 2 and Y 2 and Y 3 are hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl or tert. Butyl mean.
• M is Ir (III) with n equal to 3.
• Y 3 is preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl or tert-butyl.
• the following specific metal complexes are suitable for use in OLEDs, in particular as emitter compounds, together with the compounds of the formula I as matrix materials:
• the preparation of the abovementioned carbene complexes is carried out according to methods known to the person skilled in the art.
• the stoichiometries and reaction conditions can easily be determined by the person skilled in the art on the basis of the abovementioned patent applications relating to carbene complexes and their preparation process.
• methods for the preparation of some of the abovementioned carbene complexes are given.
• the carbene complexes not expressly described in the examples can be prepared in analogy to the processes described in the Examples section.
• the proportion is the at least one acridine derivative of the formula (I) in the light-emitting layer is generally from 50 to 99% by weight, preferably from 60 to 95% by weight, particularly preferably from 70 to 90% by weight.
• the proportion of the emitter compound in the light-emitting layer is generally from 1 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably 10 to 30 wt .-%, wherein the proportions of the at least an acridine derivative of the formula (I) and the at least one emitter compound generally give 100% by weight.
• the light-emitting layer may contain, in addition to the at least one acridine derivative of the formula (I) and the at least one emitter compound, further substances, for example further diluent material, suitable diluent material being mentioned below.
• OLEDs Organic light emitting diodes
• the OLED does not have all of the layers mentioned, for example, an OLED having the layers (1) (anode), (3) (light-emitting layer), and (5) (cathode) is also suitable the functions of the layers (2) (hole-transprotective layer) and (4) (electron-transprotective layer) are taken over by the adjacent layers.
• OLEDs comprising layers (1), (2), (3) and (5) or layers (1), (3), (4) and (5) are also suitable.
• the acridine derivatives of the formula I can be used as electron-blocking materials and / or matrix materials.
• the acridine derivatives of the formula I can be present in the light-emitting layer as the sole matrix material-without further additives. However, it is likewise possible that, in addition to the acridine derivatives of the formula I used according to the invention, further compounds are present in the light-emitting layer. For example, a fluorescent dye may be present to alter the emission color of the emitter molecule present. Furthermore, a diluent material can be used. This diluent material may be a polymer, for example poly (N-vinylcarbazole) or polysilane.
• the individual of the abovementioned layers of the OLED can turn off
• the hole-transporting layer may be composed of a layer into which holes are injected from the electrode and a layer that transports the holes away from the hole-injecting layer into the light-emitting layer.
• the electron-transporting layer may also consist of several layers, for example a layer in which electrons are injected through the electrode and a layer which receives electrons from the electron-injecting layer and transports them into the light-emitting layer. These layers are selected in each case according to factors such as energy level, temperature resistance and charge carrier mobility, as well as the energy difference of said layers with the organic layers or the metal electrodes.
• the person skilled in the art is able to choose the structure of the OLEDs such that it is optimally adapted to the organic compounds used according to the invention as emitter substances.
• the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) of the hole-transporting layer should be aligned with the work function of the anode
• the LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) of the electron-transporting layer should be aligned with the work function of the cathode
• the anode (1) is an electrode that provides positive charge carriers.
• it may be constructed of materials including a metal, a mixture of various metals, a metal alloy, a metal oxide, or a mixture of various metal oxides.
• the anode may be a conductive polymer.
• Suitable metals include the metals of groups Ib, IVa, Va and VIa of the Periodic Table of the Elements as well as the transition metals of the group Villa.
• mixed metal oxides of groups IIb, INb and IVb of the Periodic Table of the Elements for example indium tin oxide (ITO), are generally used.
• the anode (1) contains an organic material, for example polyaniline, as described, for example, in Nature, Vol. 357, pages 477 to 479 (June 1, 1992). At least either the anode or the cathode should be at least partially transparent in order to be able to decouple the light formed.
• organic material for example polyaniline
• Suitable hole transport materials for the layer (2) of the OLED according to the invention are disclosed, for example, in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Edition, Vol. 18, pages 837 to 860, 1996. Both hole transporting molecules and polymers can be used as hole transport material.
• Commonly used hole-transporting molecules are selected from the group consisting of tris- [N- (1-naphthyl) -N- (phenylamino)] triphenylamine (1-naphDATA), 4,4'-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenyl-amino] biphenyl ( ⁇ -NPD), N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-bis (3-methylphenyl) - [1, 1'-biphenyl] -4,4'-diamine (TPD ), 1, 1-bis [(di-4-tolylamino) phenyl] cyclohexane (TAPC), N, N'-bis (4-methylphenyl) -N, N'-bis (4-ethylphenyl) - [1, 1 '- (3,3'-dimethyl) biphenyl] -4,4'-diamine (ETPD), tetrakis- (3-methyl
• hole transporting polymers are selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl carbazoles, (phenylmethyl) polysilanes and polyanilines. It is also possible to to transport more transporting polymers by doping hole-transporting molecules into polymers such as polystyrene and polycarbonate. Suitable hole-transporting molecules are the molecules already mentioned above.
• the carbene complexes mentioned above as emitter materials can be used as hole transport materials, wherein the band gap of the at least one hole transport material is generally greater than the band gap of the emitter material used.
• band gap is to be understood as the triplet energy.
• hole transport materials and electron transport materials some may serve several functions.
• some of the electron-conducting materials are simultaneously hole-blocking materials if they have a deep HOMO.
• the charge transport layers can also be electronically doped in order to improve the transport properties of the materials used, on the one hand to make the layer thicknesses more generous (avoidance of pinholes / short circuits) and on the other hand to minimize the operating voltage of the device.
• the hole transport materials can be doped with electron acceptors, for example phthalocyanines or arylamines such as TPD or TDTA can be doped with tetrafluoro-tetra-hexylquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ).
• the electron transport materials may be doped with alkali metals, for example Alq 3 with lithium.
• the electronic doping is known to the person skilled in the art and described, for example, in W. Gao, A.
• the cathode (5) is an electrode which serves to introduce electrons or negative charge carriers.
• Suitable materials for the cathode are selected from the group consisting of alkali metals of group Ia, for example Li, Cs, alkaline earth metals of group IIa, for example calcium, barium or magnesium, metals of group IIb of the Periodic Table of the Elements (old ILJPAC version) comprising the lanthanides and actinides, for example samarium.
• alkali metals of group Ia for example Li, Cs, alkaline earth metals of group IIa, for example calcium, barium or magnesium
• metals of group IIb of the Periodic Table of the Elements old ILJPAC version
• metals such as aluminum or indium, as well as combinations of all the metals mentioned can be used.
• lithium-containing organometallic compounds or LiF can be applied between the organic layer and the cathode to reduce the operating voltage.
• the OLED according to the present invention may additionally contain further layers which are known to the person skilled in the art.
• a layer can be applied between the layer (2) and the light-emitting layer (3), which facilitates the transport of the positive charge and / or adapts the band gap of the layers to one another.
• this further layer can serve as a protective layer.
• additional layers may be present between the light-emitting layer (3) and the layer (4) to facilitate the transport of the negative charge and / or to match the band gap between the layers.
• this layer can serve as a protective layer.
• the OLED according to the invention contains at least one of the further layers mentioned below:
• the OLED does not have all of the mentioned layers (1) to (5), for example an OLED with the layers (1) (anode), (3) (light-emitting layer) and (5) ( Cathode), wherein the functions of the layers (2) (hole-transporting layer) and (4) (electron-transporting layer) are taken over by the adjacent layers.
• OLEDs comprising layers (1), (2), (3) and (5) or layers (1), (3), (4) and (5) are also suitable.
• suitable materials for example based on electrochemical investigations. Suitable materials for the individual layers are known to the person skilled in the art and disclosed, for example, in WO 00/70655.
• each of the mentioned layers of the OLED according to the invention can be developed from two or more layers. Further, it is possible that some or all of the layers (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) are surface treated to increase the efficiency of charge carrier transport. The selection of materials for each of said layers is preferably determined by obtaining an OLED having a high efficiency and lifetime.
• the preparation of the OLEDs according to the invention can be carried out by methods known to the person skilled in the art.
• the OLED according to the invention is produced by successive vapor deposition of the individual layers onto a suitable substrate.
• Suitable substrates are, for example, glass or polymer films.
• vapor deposition conventional techniques can be used such as thermal evaporation, chemical vapor deposition and others.
• the organic layers may be coated from solutions or dispersions in suitable solvents using coating techniques known to those skilled in the art.
• the various layers have the following thicknesses: anode (1) 500 to 5000 A, preferably 1000 to 2000 A; Hole-transporting layer (2) 50 to 1000 A, preferably 200 to 800 A, light-emitting layer (3) 10 to 1000 A, preferably 100 to 800 A, Electron-transporting layer (4) 50 to 1000 A, preferably 200 to 800 A, cathode (5) 200 to 10,000 A, preferably 300 to 5000 A.
• the position of the recombination zone of holes and electrons in the OLED according to the invention and thus the emission spectrum of the OLED can be influenced by the relative thickness of each layer. That is, the thickness of the electron transport layer should preferably be selected so that the electron / holes recombination zone is in the light-emitting layer.
• the ratio of the layer thicknesses of the individual layers in the OLED depends on the materials used.
• the layer thicknesses of optionally used additional layers are known to the person skilled in the art.
• OLEDs By using the acridine derivatives of the formula I according to the invention as matrix materials in the light-emitting layer in OLEDs, OLEDs can be obtained with high efficiency.
• the efficiency of the OLEDs according to the invention can be further improved by optimizing the other layers.
• highly efficient cathodes such as Ca or Ba, optionally in combination with an intermediate layer of LiF, can be used.
• Shaped substrates and new hole-transporting materials that provide a reduction in operating voltage or a To increase the quantum efficiency are also used in the inventive OLEDs.
• additional layers may be present in the OLEDs to adjust the energy levels of the various layers and to facilitate electron luminescence.
• the OLEDs according to the invention can be used in all devices in which electroluminescence is useful. Suitable devices are preferably selected from stationary and mobile screens. Stationary screens are e.g. Screens of computers, televisions, screens in printers, kitchen appliances and billboards, lights and signboards. Mobile screens are e.g. Screens in cell phones, laptops, digital cameras, vehicles, and destination displays on buses and trains.
• Stationary screens are e.g. Screens of computers, televisions, screens in printers, kitchen appliances and billboards, lights and signboards.
• Mobile screens are e.g. Screens in cell phones, laptops, digital cameras, vehicles, and destination displays on buses and trains.
• the acridine derivatives of the formula I can be used in OLEDs with inverse structure as the matrix material in the light-emitting layer.
• the construction of inverse OLEDs and the materials usually used therein are known to the person skilled in the art.
• reaction mixture is evaporated to dryness, extracted with dichloromethane and the extract of a column chromatographic purification (eluent: 1st methylene chloride: cyclohexane 2: 1 for isolation of the isomer mixture and 2.
• Essigkla- ethylester cyclohexane 1: 1 to separate the isomers, Ratio of isomers in the reaction mixture: mer / fac approx. 3/1). About 0.61 g (35%) of mer isomer and 0.1 g (6%) of fac-isomer are obtained as a light yellow powder.
• a solution of 0.41 g (3.32 mmol) of picolinic acid in methoxyethanol (30 ml) is treated with 3.32 ml of sodium hydroxide solution (1 M, 3.32 mmol) within 10 min and stirred for 15 min at room temperature. Thereafter, the reaction mixture is added within 10 min to a suspension of 0.9 g (0.83 mmol) of [(PMIC) 2 IrCl] 2 in methoxyethanol (80 ml). It is stirred for 15 min at room temperature and then heated for 21 h at reflux. After cooling, the reaction mixture is mixed with water (300 ml).
• the combined filtrates are evaporated to dryness and purified by column chromatography (alumina, ethyl acetate / methanol 1: 1). Mixed fractions containing the product as mer and fac isomer are concentrated to dryness and dissolved in acetone / methanol 1: 1. The solution is treated with 1 M hydrochloric acid and stirred for 16 h at reflux. The precipitated mer isomer is filtered off and washed with a little acetone. Yield: 45%.
• the compound (V12) is prepared in analogy to Example 3 in US 2005/0260441 A1, with the difference that instead of [(F2ppz) 2 lrCl] 2 [(ppz) 2 lrCl] 2 is used.
• UV (PMMA): ⁇ max 236, 292, 326 (shoulder), 340 (shoulder) nm
• UV (PMMA): ⁇ max 240, 270, 301, 350 (shoulder) nm
• the synthesis is analogous to the exemplary synthesis according to B1.
• the synthesis is analogous to the exemplary synthesis according to B1.

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