Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
  • B01J23/26—Chromium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
  • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
  • B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
  • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
  • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
  • B01J23/86—Chromium
  • B01J23/868—Chromium copper and chromium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
  • B01J37/0201—Impregnation
  • B01J37/0207—Pretreatment of the support
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
  • C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
  • C07C29/14—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group
  • C07C29/141—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
  • C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
  • C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
  • C07C29/143—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones
  • C07C29/145—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
  • B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
  • B01J21/04—Alumina
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
  • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
  • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
  • B01J23/86—Chromium
  • B01J23/866—Nickel and chromium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
  • B01J35/61—Surface area
  • B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
  • B01J35/63—Pore volume
  • B01J35/635—0.5-1.0 ml/g

Definitions

• the invention relates to a hydrogenation catalyst and to a process for the preparation of alcohols by hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds, in particular of aldehydes.
• Alcohols can be prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds obtained, for example, by hydroformylation of olefins. Large quantities of alcohols are used as solvents and as intermediates for the preparation of many organic compounds. Important secondary products of alcohols are plasticizers and detergents.
• aldehydes It is known to reduce carbonyl compounds, in particular aldehydes, catalytically with hydrogen to alcohols.
• catalysts are frequently used which contain at least one metal from groups 1 b, 2 b, 6 b, 7 b, and / or 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
• the hydrogenation of aldehydes can be carried out continuously or batchwise with powdery or lumpy catalysts in the gas or liquid phase.
• the liquid-phase hydrogenation has the more favorable energy balance and the higher space-time yield.
• the advantage of the more favorable energy balance increases. higher Accordingly, aldehydes having more than 7 carbon atoms are preferably hydrogenated in the liquid phase.
• the hydrogenation in the liquid phase has the disadvantage that due to the high concentrations of both aldehydes and alcohols, the formation of high boilers is promoted by subsequent and side reactions.
• aldehydes can easily undergo aldol reactions (addition and / or condensation) and form half or full acetals with alcohols.
• the resulting acetals can form enol ether with elimination of water or alcohol, which are hydrogenated under the reaction conditions to the saturated ethers.
• These secondary by-products thus reduce the yield.
• the by-products referred to as high boilers can at best be partially split back into value-added products, such as starting aldehydes and target alcohols, in downstream plants.
• liquid phase hydrogenation on the other hand, the high boilers remain in the reactor feed. They are hydrogenated in the hydrogenation stage for the most part, so that no more valuable product can be obtained from them.
• GB 2 142 010 a process for the hydrogenation of crude aldehydes having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, which contain high boilers and small amounts of sulfur compounds, to the corresponding saturated alcohols is described.
• the hydrogenation takes place in two reactors connected in series.
• the first reactor contains a M0S 2 / C and the second reactor a Ni / Al 2 O 3 catalyst.
• the hydrogenation is carried out in two reactors, with the addition of up to 10% of water vapor, based on the feed stream, in the temperature range 180 to 260 0 C and a hydrogen partial pressure from 150 to 210 bar with a large excess of hydrogen. This is so large according to the examples, that the added water is practically only in the gas phase.
• the aim of this process is to suppress the formation of hydrocarbons by hydrogenolysis of the alcohols. No statements are made about an increase or decrease of high boilers and formates in the hydrogenation.
• Hydroformylation mixtures in the liquid phase to copper, nickel and chromium-containing supported catalysts can be hydrogenated.
• these mixtures contain water.
• the disclosed process is designed for the selective hydrogenation of the aldehydes to alcohols without hydrogenation of the olefins unreacted in the hydroformylation, i. H. the high boilers (especially acetals) are not converted into value product. This is economically unfavorable and therefore can be improved.
• Hydrogenation catalyst which consists of a support material and at least one hydrogenation-active metal, wherein the support material based on titanium dioxide, zirconia, alumina, silica or their mixed oxides and the hydrogenation metal is at least one element of the group copper, cobalt, nickel, chromium, and at the carrier material contains the barium element.
• the invention accordingly provides a hydrogenation catalyst consisting of a support material and at least one hydrogenation-active metal, wherein the support material is based on titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide or their mixed oxides and the hydrogenation-active metal is at least one element of the group copper, cobalt, nickel, chromium, and which is characterized in that the carrier material contains the element barium.
• the invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of alcohols by hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds, in which the hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst characterized as above.
• the hydrogenation catalyst according to the invention consists of a support material based on titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide or their mixed oxides and containing the element barium, and the hydrogenation-active metal applied to this support material, which is at least one element of the group copper, cobalt, nickel, chromium is.
• support precursor may be used alumina, aluminosilicate, silica, titania, zirconia.
• a preferred carrier precursor is alumina, especially ⁇ -alumina.
• the carrier material or the carrier precursor has pores as a rule.
• the porosity of the support materials may be uniformly microporous, mesoporous or macroporous, but any combination of these pore size classes may be present. Often bimodal pore size distributions are found.
• the porosity of the support materials is such that the average pore diameter is about 10 to 30 nm, the BET surface area is about 80 to 300 m 2 / g, and the pore volume (determined by cyclohexane method) is about 0.4 to 0.9 ml / g ,
• Such carrier materials or carrier precursors are known per se and commercially available in a variety of embodiments.
• the support precursor is reacted with a barium compound to form the finished support.
• the barium is present in the oxidation state 2 as a metal oxide, as a salt of the carrier precursor, as a mixed oxide or optionally as another compound.
• At least one hydrogenation-active metal from the group consisting of copper, chromium, nickel, and cobalt is applied to the barium-modified carrier material.
• the catalyst may contain one or more of the hydrogenation-active metals.
• the catalyst according to the invention contains the metals copper, chromium, nickel.
• the catalyst contains as hydrogenation-active metal, the combination of the three metals copper, chromium and nickel.
• the total content of hydrogenation-active metals, based on the reduced catalyst, is in the range from 1 to 40% by mass, in particular in the range from 5 to 25% by mass, calculated as metal.
• the process for the preparation of the hydrogenation catalyst according to the invention is carried out by applying in a first step to a support material based on titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, alumina, silica or their mixed oxides, a solution containing a barium compound, and drying the thus treated support material and then calcined, and applied in a second step on the thus treated support material, a solution containing at least one compound of the elements copper, cobalt, nickel, chromium, and the thus treated support material is dried and then calcined.
• one or more barium compounds can be applied to the carrier precursor. Preferably, this is done by spraying a solution onto the carrier precursor or soaking the carrier precursor with a solution containing one or more barium compounds.
• Suitable barium compounds are, for example, barium acetate,
• a preferred compound is barium nitrate.
• the barium compounds are applied as an aqueous solution.
• the application of the barium compound can be carried out in one operation or in several operations, wherein the solutions used in the individual passes may differ in terms of concentration and composition.
• the crude support material After application of the barium compound, the crude support material is predried in the temperature range from 80 to 120 ° C. in a stream of air. If the application of the barium compound in several steps, can be dried after each step. After predrying, the crude support material is calcined in the temperature range from 400 to 650 ° C., in particular in the range from 420 ° C. to 550 ° C.
• one or more of the hydrogenation-active metals copper, chromium, nickel, cobalt are applied to the support material.
• the application is carried out analogously as described for the application of the barium compound, namely by treating the support material with a solution of the corresponding metal compounds. It is preferred to use aqueous solutions of compounds of the hydrogenation-active metals.
• the following compounds can be used to prepare these solutions: Copper formate, copper acetate, copper chloride, copper nitrate, copper sulfate, copper acetylacetonate and the corresponding aquo and ammine complexes of these compounds; Cobalt formate, cobalt acetate, cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, cobalt acetylacetonate, and aquo and ammine complexes derived therefrom; Nickel formate, nickel acetate, nickel acetylacetonate, nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel sulfate, and aquo and ammine complexes derived therefrom; Chromium formate, chromium acetate, chromium acetylacetonate, chromium chloride; Chromium nitrate, chromium sulfate and derived aquo and ammine complexes, as well as ammonium chromate and am
• the catalyst according to the invention contains more than one hydrogenation-active metal, it is expedient to treat the support with a common solution of compounds of the metals to be combined. But it is also possible to successively apply appropriate solutions of the metals to be combined on the support, which can be dried after each step.
• the catalyst support is treated with a common solution of compounds of the three metals copper, chromium and nickel.
• the hydrogenation-active metals are applied as formates or nitrates to the support, calcination may optionally be dispensed with.
• the catalysts according to the invention are expediently prepared in a form which offers low flow resistance in the hydrogenation, such as, for example, tablets, cylinders, extrudates or rings.
• the carrier pre-material is brought into appropriate form. Molded carrier pre-material is also commercially available.
• the hydrogenation can be carried out continuously or batchwise on suspended finely divided or shaped catalysts arranged in a fixed bed. Continuous hydrogenation on a fixed bed catalyst wherein the product / reactant phase is primarily in the liquid state under reaction conditions is preferred.
• the hydrogenation is carried out continuously on a catalyst arranged in a fixed bed, it is expedient to convert the catalyst into the active form before the hydrogenation. This can be done by reducing the catalyst with hydrogen-containing gases according to a temperature program. The reduction may optionally be carried out in the presence of a liquid phase which is passed over the catalyst, as described for example in DE 199 33 348.
• the process according to the invention is carried out in the trickle phase or preferably in the liquid phase in three-phase reactors in cocurrent, the hydrogen being reacted in a manner known per se in the liquid starting material / product. Power is distributed finely.
• the reactors are preferably operated with high liquid loads of 15 to 120, in particular from 25 to 80 m 3 per m 2 cross section of the empty reactor and hour. If a reactor is operated isothermally and in a straight run, the specific catalyst loading (LHSV) can assume values between 0.1 and 10 h -1 .
• the process according to the invention is carried out with hydrogen in a pressure range of 5 to 100 bar, preferably between 5 and 40 bar, particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 25 bar.
• the hydrogenation temperatures are between 120 and 220 0 C, in particular between 140 and 190 0 C.
• the hydrogen used for the hydrogenation may contain inert gases such as methane or nitrogen.
• inert gases such as methane or nitrogen.
• Different process variants can be selected for the process according to the invention. It can be performed adiabatically, or virtually isothermally, ie with a temperature increase of less than 10 0 C, one or more stages. In the latter case, it is possible to operate all reactors, advantageously tubular reactors, adiabatically or virtually isothermally, and one or more adiabatically and the others practically isothermally. Furthermore, it is possible to hydrogenate the carbonyl compounds or mixtures of carbonyl compounds in the presence of water in a straight pass or with product recycling.
• Double bonds may be present, which can not, partially or completely hydrogenated depending on the catalyst and the other process conditions.
• the hydrogenation of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated ketones or aldehydes is preferably carried out without the addition of water and the hydrogenation of non-conjugated ketones and aldehydes, preferably with the addition of water, as described, for example, in DE 100 62 448.
• Hydrogenated carbonyl compounds having 4 to 25 carbon atoms in particular saturated or unsaturated aldehydes or ketones having 4 to 25 carbon atoms.
• the aldehyde content in the reactor feed is between 1 and 35% by mass, in particular between 5 and 25% by mass.
• the desired concentration range can be operated in the loop-type reactors by the
• Circulation rate (ratio of recirculated hydrogenation to educt) can be adjusted.
• the carbonyl compounds used in the process according to the invention can be prepared in various ways: ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated ketones can be prepared, for example, by condensation of two ketones or condensation of a ketone with an aldehyde, such as oct-3-en-2-one from n-pentanal and acetone; ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated aldehydes can be prepared by aldol condensation of aldehydes, for example 2-ethylhex-2-enal from n-butanal,
• the nonconjugated unsaturated aldehydes used in the process according to the invention are predominantly produced by hydroformylation.
• the starting materials for the preparation of the aldehydes or the reaction mixture by hydroformylation are olefins or mixtures of olefins having 3 to 24, in particular having 4 to 16 carbon atoms, with terminal or internal CC double bonds, such as.
• olefins or olefin mixtures which have been produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and olefins which have been obtained by oligomerization of ethene or olefins which are accessible via metathesis reactions.
• Preferred starting materials for the production of the hydroformylation mixtures are C 8 -, C 9 -, C 2 -, C 5 - or Ci6-olefin mixtures.
• hydroformylation mixtures prepared from Cs or C12 olefins or olefin mixtures Cs or Ci 2 are used.
• Particular preference is given to the Cg-aldehyde isononanal obtainable by hydroformylation of dibutene.
• the olefins are hydroformylated in the usual way and then give the starting materials for the hydrogenation process according to the invention. It usually works with rhodium or cobalt catalysts and with or without complex stabilizing additives, such as organic phosphines or phosphites.
• the temperatures and pressures can vary within wide limits, depending on the catalyst or olefin.
• a description of the hydroformylation of olefins can be found e.g. See, for example, J.
• reaction mixtures of the hydroformylation are expediently first freed from the catalyst before use in the process according to the invention. If a cobalt catalyst has been used, this can be done by depressurization, oxidation of the cobalt carbonyl compounds remaining in the hydroformylation mixture in the presence of water or aqueous acid and separation of the aqueous phase. Decoblocking processes are well known, see e.g. BJ Falbe, supra, Kirk-Othmer, supra, 164, 175, BASF method. If a rhodium compound is used as a hydroformylation, you can z. B by means of thin film evaporation as distillation residue.
• the freed from the hydroformylation catalyst reaction mixtures of the cobalt-catalyzed hydroformylation generally contain 3 to 40% by mass, usually 5 to 30% by weight of low boilers, mainly unreacted olefins, besides the corresponding saturated hydrocarbons and 0.05 to 5% by mass of water, 30 to 90% by mass of aldehydes, 5 to 60% by mass of alcohols, up to 10% by mass of formates of these alcohols and 3 to 15% by mass of high boilers.
• composition in this or that relationship does not correspond to this information.
• the hydrocarbons olefins and paraffins
• the Hydherausträge obtained by the process according to the invention are worked up by distillation. This happens at normal pressure or reduced pressure. For high-boiling alcohols, distillation at reduced pressure is preferred.
• Example 1 Preparation of a hydrogenation catalyst (not according to the invention)
• a commercial alumina support (Axens) in the form of extrudates having a diameter of about 1.2 mm, a BET surface area of about 260 m 2 / g and a pore volume (determined by cyclohexane method) of 0.7 ml / g was first modified for partial neutralization of azide centers with sodium compounds.
• 500 g of the extrudates were placed in a glass tube and this evacuated for about 30 min. Subsequently, the impregnating solution, a dilute aqueous
• the sodium-modified alumina support was then impregnated by vacuum impregnation with a solution containing ammoniacal nickel, copper and chromium compounds.
• a solution containing ammoniacal nickel, copper and chromium compounds For this purpose, first in a mixture of copper tetrammine carbonate solution (Cu content by electrogravimethsche determination: 13.9% by mass, NH 3 content according to Kjeldahl: 13.0% by mass, density at 20 0 C: 1, 242 g / cm ) and Nickelhexammincarbonat solution (Ni content of the starting compound is calculated: 11, 2% by mass, NH 3 content by the Kjeldahl method: 18.6% by mass, density at 20 0 C: 1, 29 g / cm 3) an ammonium dichromate solution (Calculated chromium content: 7.1 mass%) stirred.
• the calculated from the starting compounds content of copper, nickel and chromium of the dark green impregnation solution was 8.1% by mass of copper, 3.6% by mass of nickel and 0.7% by mass of chromium.
• the density of the solution was 1.26 g / cm 3 .
• For vacuum impregnation 500 g of the extrudates were placed in a glass tube and this evacuated for about 30 min. Subsequently, the impregnating solution was sucked from below to above the upper edge of the solid bed. After an exposure time of about 15 minutes, the solution, which had not been taken up by the carrier, was drained off.
• the moist pellets were first dried in an air stream at 120 0 C, then heated at 3 K / min to 450 0 C and in this Temperature calcined for 10 h. After calcination, the catalyst contained formally: 86 mass% Al 2 O 3 , 6.4 mass% Cu, 2.9 mass% Ni, 0.6 mass% Cr, and 0.09 mass% Na.
• a commercial alumina support (Axens) in the form of extrudates having a diameter of about 1.2 mm, a BET surface area of about 260 m 2 / g and a pore volume (determined by cyclohexane method) of 0.7 ml / g was first added to the Partial neutralization of acidic centers modified with barium compounds. For this purpose, 500 g of the extrudates were in
• the barium-modified alumina support was then impregnated by vacuum impregnation with a solution containing ammoniacal nickel, copper and chromium compounds.
• a solution containing ammoniacal nickel, copper and chromium compounds For this purpose, first in a mixture of copper tetrammine carbonate solution (Cu content by electrogravimethsche determination: 13.9% by mass, NH 3 according to Kjeldahl: 13.0% by mass, density at 20 0 C: 1, 29 g / cm) and Nickelhexammincarbonat solution (calculated Ni content of the starting compound: 10.6% by mass, NH 3 content by the Kjeldahl method: 18.0% by mass, density at 20 0 C: 1, 21 g / cm3) an ammonium dichromate (calculated Chromium content: 7.1% by mass).
• the calculated from the starting compounds content of copper, nickel and chromium of the dark green impregnation solution was 7.7% by mass of copper, 3.5% by mass of nickel and 0.8% by mass of chromium.
• the density of the solution was 1.23 g / cm 3 .
• 500 g of the extrudates were in Filled glass tube and this evacuated for about 30 min. Subsequently, the impregnating solution was sucked from below to above the upper edge of the solid bed. After an exposure time of about 15 minutes, the solution, which had not been taken up by the carrier, was drained off.
• the moist pellets were first dried in an air stream at 120 0 C, then heated at 3 K / min to 450 0 C and calcined at this temperature for 10 h. After calcination, the catalyst contained formally: 87 mass% Al 2 O 3 ; 6.3 mass% Cu; 2.8 mass% Ni; 0.6 mass% Cr and 0.3 mass% Ba.
• Example 3 Cg Aldehyde Hydrogenation in the Liquid Phase on the Catalyst Prepared in Example 1 (Comparison, Not According to the Invention)
• Example 2 Standard catalyst (from Example 1) carried out in Example 3. There were hourly 0.075 I starting material enforced in a cycle of 45 l / h. The Exhaust gas amount was 60 Nl / h. The educt and product analyzes are shown in Table 2.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Catalysts (AREA)
• Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=39817112

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

Cited By (5)

Families Citing this family (46)

Citations (13)

Family Cites Families (20)

• 2007
  • 2007-08-31 DE DE102007041380A patent/DE102007041380A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2008
  • 2008-07-07 ES ES08774833.1T patent/ES2476606T3/es active Active
  • 2008-07-07 JP JP2010522280A patent/JP5564714B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-07-07 WO PCT/EP2008/058780 patent/WO2009027135A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2008-07-07 EP EP08774833.1A patent/EP2180947B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2008-07-07 KR KR1020107004442A patent/KR101518083B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-07-07 US US12/674,910 patent/US20110060169A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-08-25 TW TW097132379A patent/TWI503170B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2008-08-29 CN CN200810215488.4A patent/CN101376104B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-08-29 AR ARP080103756A patent/AR068199A1/es unknown

Patent Citations (13)

Non-Patent Citations (3)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events