Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
  • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
  • C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
  • F27B1/005—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces wherein no smelting of the charge occurs, e.g. calcining or sintering furnaces
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
  • F27B15/02—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
  • F27B15/10—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
  • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing sponge iron from a lumpy Good containing iron oxide by direct reduction in a reduction shaft using a reducing gas.
• sponge iron also called direct reduction iron
• direct reduction iron by direct reduction of the reduction shaft from above with lumpy iron oxides, such as pellets and / or lumps, charged, which are flowed through under the countercurrent principle with an ascending reducing gas.
• the introduced into the reduction shaft preferably 750 to 900 ° C hot, dusty, carbon monoxide and hydrogen-rich, in particular 70 to 90% CO and H 2 containing reducing gas is preferably produced in a melter gasifier or in another gas generator.
• the reducing gas is introduced at the circumference of the reduction shaft, for example via an annular channel formed of refractory bricks called the Bustle channel.
• the Bustle channel In the introduction of the reducing gas via such a Bustle channel, however, less reducing gas enters the reduction shaft center, so that the degree of metallization in the edge region is higher than the reduction shaft center. Since a bed with a lower degree of metallization has a greater bulk density than one with a higher degree of metallization, and also disintegrates more, the bulk of the bed is concentrated towards the reduction shaft center. Due to this centrality, the unequal distribution of the specific amount of reduction gas is further increased. The uneven reduction gas distribution is stronger, the larger the reduction shaft diameter and the more dust reducing the reducing gas.
• the formed of refractory bricks Bustle channel requires a lining, which is complex, susceptible to wear and therefore always renew.
• the reduction shaft with Bustle channel and gas distribution channels in the middle is expensive and has the further disadvantage that the reducing gas is introduced at the same pressure at two different levels, which specific More reducing gas per m 2 is introduced through the higher inlet, since there the way of the gas is shorter up.
• less reducing gas specifically means a lower degree of metallization of the bed in the reduction shaft center.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to find a simple method and a simple device, wherein a uniform distribution of the reducing gas and thus a uniform metallization takes place without the use of a Bustle channel and the associated complex and wear-prone lining of the reduction shaft.
• the invention accordingly provides a process for producing iron sponge from lumpy material containing iron oxide by direct reduction in a reduction shaft using a reducing gas, which is characterized in that the entire reducing gas is introduced into the lower fourth of the reduction shaft by means of several star-like or parallel reduction gas distribution channels becomes.
• iron oxide-containing particulate material such as pellets and / or lump
• a reduction shaft preferably, 750 to 900 ° C hot, dust-containing, carbon monoxide and hydrogen-rich, in particular 70 to 90% CO and H 2 containing gas, called reduction gas, in particular in the melter gasifier, preferably introduced in the lower quarter of the reduction shaft via Reduktionsgasverteilerkanäle.
• reduction gas in particular in the melter gasifier
• the introduced reducing gas rises, thereby reducing the iron oxide to sponge iron.
• the exclusive introduction of the entire reduction gas via the star-like or parallel reduction gas distribution channels in this case causes a uniform distribution of the reducing gas and the dust contained therein over the entire reduction shaft cross-section.
• a reduction shaft is known, which in addition to a ring line further facilities for the entry of process gases, such as natural gas. Disadvantages are the non-uniform entry of the reducing gas via the loop and the high device complexity.
• WO 00/36159 describes a reduction shaft in which reduction gas is introduced into two planes or zones. Disadvantages are, above all, the large plant technical complexity and the high demands on the regulation of the reducing gas entry.
• the reducing gas distribution channels are mounted on support tubes, downwardly open half-pipe shells with downwardly extended parallel walls. When feeding the reduction shaft with the iron oxide charge from above, a flow-free space is created under the half-pipe shells, from which the reducing gas passes evenly into the charge.
• the reducing gas distribution channels may be arranged in a star shape and be the same or different in length. Preferably, they are different in length, with the shorter ones
• Reduction gas distribution channels preferably stored on the fly and the longer
• Reduction gas distribution channels are preferably supported by water-cooled support tubes.
• Star-like arrangement means that a plurality, preferably 4 to 12, in particular 8, reduction gas distribution channels extend from the reduction shaft wall into the interior of the reduction shaft, with all reduction gas distribution channels being aligned with the center of the reduction shaft.
• a longer one is then arranged next to a shorter reduction gas distribution channel, wherein the longer reduction gas distribution channels are preferably mounted above the discharge spouts for the sponge iron.
• At the lower end of the discharge hopper preferably water-cooled discharge screws or other discharge devices are arranged.
• the reducing gas distribution channels are in one plane.
• the reducing gas distribution channels can also be arranged in parallel and be the same or different lengths.
• the reduction gas distribution channels are in one plane.
• the entire reduction gas is introduced via a plurality, preferably 2 to 8, in particular 4, from the reduction shaft wall to the opposite reduction shaft wall continuous, arranged in parallel reducing gas distribution channels.
• Reduction gas distribution channels are to be arranged, which are opposite, along the shaft diameter are aligned towards the center and parallel to the other, from the reduction shaft wall to the opposite reduction shaft wall continuous reducing gas distribution channels.
• These additional shorter reduction gas distribution channels are preferably supported by water-cooled support tubes.
• Another object of the invention is an apparatus for producing sponge iron from lumpy material containing iron oxide by direct reduction in a reduction shaft (1) using a reducing gas, which is characterized in that the supply of the total reducing gas over several, preferably in the lower fourth of the reduction shaft ( 1) arranged in a reduction gas distribution channels (2a, 2b) or preferably in the lower quarter of the reduction shaft (1) arranged in parallel reducing gas distribution channels (2).
• FIG. 1 is a vertical section through a reduction shaft (1) in which a reducing gas distribution channel (2a, 2d) and a reducing gas distribution channel (2b) is shown,
• FIG. 2 is a vertical section through a reducing gas distribution channel (2) with support tube (3) for the introduction of the reducing gas into the bed
• 3 shows a horizontal section through the reduction shaft (1) according to FIG. 1 above the star-like reduction gas distribution channels (2 a) and (2 b), FIG.
• Fig. 4 is a horizontal section through the reduction shaft (1) of FIG. 1 above the parallel reduction gas distribution channels (2 c) and
• Fig. 5 is a horizontal section through the reduction shaft (1) of FIG. 1 above the parallel arranged reduction gas distribution channels (2c) and (2d).
• the cylindrical reduction shaft (1) fed from above via distributor tubes (5) with lumpy material containing iron oxide is provided in the lower quarter with a plurality of reducing gas distributor channels (2) through which reducing gas is introduced into the reduction shaft (1).
• the material reduced to sponge iron is discharged through discharge funnel (6).
• water-cooled discharge screws or other discharge devices are arranged, which are not shown in the figures.
• Reduction gas distribution channels (2) are downwardly open half-pipe shells with downwardly extended parallel walls which, as shown in FIG. 4, are mounted on support tubes (3), which are preferably cooled by water inside.
• the reduction gas distribution channels (2) can be arranged like a star.
• the star-like reduction gas distribution channels (2a, 2b) may be the same length or different lengths. Preferably, they are different in length, more preferably alternate, as shown in FIG. 3, longer reduction gas distribution channels (2a) and shorter reduction gas distribution channels (2b) from. About the longer ones
• Reduction gas distribution channels (2a) is then preferably the middle region and a
• Reduction gas distribution channels (2a) are required, in addition, mostly by as in
• FIG. 1 shows water-cooled support tubes (4) supported at the bottom of the
• Reduction shaft (1) are fixed, while the support tubes (3) of the shorter Reduktionsgasver notoriousskanäle (2b) are preferably cantilevered.
• the longer reduction gas distribution channels (2a) are preferably above the discharge strip (6). and the shorter ones (2b) are located above the spaces between the discharge slips (6).
• the reducing gas distribution channels (2a, 2b) are in one plane.
• the reduction gas distribution channels (2) can also be arranged parallel to one another.
• the reducing gas distribution channels (2c, 2d) arranged parallel to one another may be of equal length or different lengths and are preferably in one plane. If the reduction-gas distribution channels (2) are arranged in parallel, then, in particular in the case of small reduction shafts, two or more reduction-gas distribution channels (2c) arranged parallel to one another, which, as shown in FIG. 5 are designed continuously from the reduction shaft wall to the opposite reduction shaft wall.
• reduction gas distribution channels (2d) are preferably supported by water-cooled support tubes (4), analogous to the support of the star-like reduction gas distribution channels (2a).

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
• Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
• Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
• Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

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Citations (5)

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