WO2008062663A1 - Procédé de fabrication de cellule solaire et appareil de fabrication de cellule solaire - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication de cellule solaire et appareil de fabrication de cellule solaire Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008062663A1 WO2008062663A1 PCT/JP2007/071547 JP2007071547W WO2008062663A1 WO 2008062663 A1 WO2008062663 A1 WO 2008062663A1 JP 2007071547 W JP2007071547 W JP 2007071547W WO 2008062663 A1 WO2008062663 A1 WO 2008062663A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solar cell
- passivation film
- processing
- plasma
- silicon layer
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 50
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 208000037998 chronic venous disease Diseases 0.000 description 26
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 16
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 9
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000018583 New-onset refractory status epilepticus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH3] PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001730 nitrous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013842 nitrous oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010356 wave oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/186—Particular post-treatment for the devices, e.g. annealing, impurity gettering, short-circuit elimination, recrystallisation
- H01L31/1868—Passivation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C16/0209—Pretreatment of the material to be coated by heating
- C23C16/0218—Pretreatment of the material to be coated by heating in a reactive atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/308—Oxynitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/34—Nitrides
- C23C16/345—Silicon nitride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/40—Oxides
- C23C16/401—Oxides containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
- C23C16/511—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges using microwave discharges
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
- H01L31/0368—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including polycrystalline semiconductors
- H01L31/03682—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including polycrystalline semiconductors including only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1804—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof comprising only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/546—Polycrystalline silicon PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar cell manufacturing method and a solar cell manufacturing apparatus.
- a pn junction is formed in a silicon layer that is a light absorption layer, and light that has once entered the light absorption layer is formed on the surface of the silicon layer to protect the device.
- a passivation film for preventing reflection to the outside is formed.
- a passivation film has been formed by thermally oxidizing the surface of a silicon layer.
- a large number of defects such as vacancies are generated at the interface between the passivation film formed by thermal oxidation and the underlying silicon layer.
- these defects become recombination centers of carriers such as electrons, the carriers recombine and disappear, and the energy conversion efficiency of the finally formed solar cell has been lowered.
- the silicon nitride film formed by this plasma CVD process is less susceptible to crystal silicon grain boundaries and can therefore suppress the disappearance of carriers.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2005-159171
- the present invention has been made in view of the power and the point, and an object thereof is to provide a solar cell manufacturing method and a solar cell manufacturing apparatus capable of obtaining high energy conversion efficiency.
- the present invention for achieving the above object is a method for manufacturing a solar cell, wherein a surface layer of a silicon layer is oxidized, nitrided or oxynitrided using plasma, and a passivation film is formed on the surface layer of the silicon layer. It is characterized by forming.
- a solar cell with high energy conversion efficiency can be manufactured by forming a passivation film by plasma treatment of the surface layer of the silicon layer.
- the passivation film may be formed using plasma having a sheath potential of 10 eV or less.
- the sheath potential is the difference between the potential of the space where plasma is generated and the potential of the silicon layer.
- the passivation film may be formed under a pressure of 6.67 Pa to 6.67 X 10 2 Pa.
- the passivation film may be formed at a temperature of 200 ° C to 600 ° C.
- the plasma may be a surface wave plasma excited by a microwave.
- the microwave that generates the plasma may be supplied through a slot antenna.
- the microwave that generates the plasma may be intermittently supplied in the form of a pulse having a predetermined period.
- an oxide film, a nitride film, or an oxynitride film may be formed by a CVD process, and a passivation film may be further formed.
- the passivation film may be formed by the CVD process using plasma.
- a bias power may be applied to the deposited layer of the passivation film.
- the process of oxidizing, nitriding or oxynitriding the surface layer of the silicon layer and the CVD process may be performed in the same processing container.
- the process of oxidizing, nitriding or oxynitriding the surface layer of the silicon layer and the CVD process may be performed in different processing containers, and the solar cell substrate may be vacuum-transferred between the processing containers!
- a processing gas containing oxygen and nitrogen is introduced into the processing vessel during the CVD process, and the processing gas introduced to the oxygen
- the nitrogen ratio may be gradually increased to gradually increase the nitrogen atom content in the passivation film in the deposition direction.
- the present invention according to another aspect is an apparatus for manufacturing a solar cell, wherein a surface layer of a silicon layer is oxidized, nitrided, or oxynitrided using a plasma to form a passivation film on the surface layer of the silicon layer. It has a processing part.
- the passivation film may be formed using plasma having a sheath potential of 10 eV or less! /.
- the passivation film may be formed under a pressure of 6.67 Pa to 6.67 X 10 2 Pa.
- the passivation film may be formed at a temperature of 200 ° C to 600 ° C.
- the plasma may be surface wave plasma excited by microwaves.
- the processing unit may include a slot antenna that supplies a microwave.
- the microwaves that generate the plasma may be intermittently supplied in the form of a pulse having a predetermined period.
- an oxide film, a nitride film, or an oxynitride film is formed on the passivation film formed on the surface layer of the silicon layer by a CVD process, and the passivation film is further formed.
- the passivation film may be formed by a CVD process using plasma.
- the other processing section may have a power source for applying a bias power to the deposited layer of the passivation film.
- Hydrogen is added to the process gas at least during the process of oxidizing, nitriding or oxynitriding the surface layer of the silicon layer in the processing unit, or during the CVD process of the other processing unit. You may do it.
- the processing unit and the other processing unit may be connected through a transport unit that vacuum transports the solar cell substrate.
- a processing gas containing oxygen and nitrogen is contained in a processing container during the CVD process in the other processing unit. It is also possible to gradually increase the ratio of nitrogen to oxygen in the introduced processing gas and gradually increase the nitrogen atom content in the passivation film in the deposition direction.
- a solar cell with high energy conversion efficiency can be manufactured.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the outline of the configuration of a solar cell manufacturing apparatus in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of a configuration of a processing unit.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a configuration of a slot flat plate.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a longitudinal section showing a solar cell substrate in which a polycrystalline silicon layer is formed on a polycrystalline silicon substrate.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a longitudinal section showing a solar cell substrate on which a passivation film is formed.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the photoelectric exchange efficiency of a solar cell according to a method for forming a passivation film.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between sheath potential and crystal defect density during plasma processing.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between pressure, ion energy, and electron temperature during plasma processing.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the nitrogen atom content at the interface between the polycrystalline silicon layer and the passivation film and the crystal defect density.
- FIG. 10 Graph showing the difference in ion energy between continuous microwave and pulsed microwave.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view showing the outline of the configuration of a solar cell manufacturing apparatus of another example.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of the configuration of another processing unit.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory view of a longitudinal section showing a solar cell substrate on which a first passivation film is formed.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory view of a longitudinal section showing a solar cell substrate on which a second passivation film is formed.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of another configuration of the processing unit.
- FIG. 16 is a plan view showing a configuration in the parallel plate waveguide of FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an outline of the configuration of a solar cell manufacturing apparatus 1 according to the present invention.
- the solar cell manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a cassette station 2 for loading and unloading a plurality of solar cell substrates W in units of cassettes, and a plurality of each for processing the substrates W in a single wafer manner.
- a processing station 3 having a seed processing unit is integrally connected.
- the cassette station 2 includes, for example, a cassette mounting unit 4, a transfer chamber 5, and a solar cell substrate W.
- Alignment section 6 is provided for positioning.
- cassettes C that can accommodate a plurality of solar cell substrates W can be placed side by side in the X direction (left and right direction in FIG. 1).
- a transfer chamber 5 is adjacent to the cassette mounting part 4 on the positive side in the Y direction (upward in FIG. 1).
- a transfer rail 7 extending in the X direction and a substrate transfer body 8 that moves on the transfer rail 7 are provided in the transfer chamber 5, for example.
- the alignment section 6 is adjacent to the negative side of the transfer chamber 5 in the X direction (left direction in FIG. 1).
- the substrate transfer body 8 in the transfer chamber 5 is provided with an articulated transfer arm 8a that can be swung and expanded and contracted.
- the solar cell substrate W can be transferred to the chambers 12 and 13.
- a central transfer chamber 10 is provided as a transfer part capable of reducing the pressure inside.
- a substrate transfer device 11 is provided in the central transfer chamber 10.
- the central transfer chamber 10 is formed, for example, in an approximately octagonal shape when viewed from above, and the load lock chambers 12, 13 and, for example, four processing units 14, 15, 16, 17 are connected to the periphery thereof.
- the substrate transfer device 11 has two transfer arms l la and l ib that can be swung and expanded and contracted, and a solar cell for the load lock chambers 12 and 13 around the central transfer chamber 10 and the processing units 14 to 17. Substrate W can be transferred
- the load lock chambers 12 and 13 are disposed between the central transfer chamber 10 and the transfer chamber 5 of the cassette station 2, and connect the central transfer chamber 10 and the transfer chamber 5.
- the load lock chambers 12 and 13 have a mounting portion (not shown) for the solar cell substrate W and can maintain the interior of the chamber in a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- Gate valves 18 are respectively provided between the transfer chamber 5 and the load lock chambers 12 and 13, and between the central transfer chamber 10, the load lock chambers 12 and 13, and the processing units 14 to 17; ing.
- the processing unit 14 is a plasma processing apparatus that generates plasma using a radial line slot antenna to oxidize, nitride, or oxynitride the solar cell substrate W.
- the processing unit 14 includes, for example, a bottomed cylindrical processing container 30 having an open upper surface as shown in FIG.
- the processing container 30 is made of, for example, an aluminum alloy.
- the processing container 30 is grounded.
- a mounting table 31 for mounting the solar cell substrate W is provided in the central part of the bottom of the processing container 30, for example.
- the mounting table 31 incorporates, for example, an electrode plate 32, and the electrode plate 32 is provided in the processing vessel 30. It is connected to an external DC power supply 33.
- the direct-current power source 33 generates an electrostatic force on the surface of the mounting table 31 so that the solar cell substrate W can be electrostatically attracted onto the mounting table 31.
- the mounting table 31 has a built-in heater 35 that generates heat when power is supplied from the heater power supply 34, and the solar cell substrate W on the mounting table 31 can be heated to a predetermined temperature.
- a microwave material of a dielectric such as alumina (Al 2 O 3) or quartz glass is inserted through a sheath material 40 such as an O-ring for ensuring airtightness.
- Overplate 41 is provided.
- the inside of the processing container 30 is hermetically closed by the microwave transmission plate 41.
- Microwave for plasma generation is placed on the upper part of the microwave transmission plate 41.
- the radial line slot antenna 42 has a substantially cylindrical case 42a having an open lower surface, and a disk-shaped slot flat plate 43 in which a large number of slots are formed is provided on the lower surface.
- the slot flat plate 43 is made of a copper plate or an aluminum plate whose surface is plated with gold or silver, and a plurality of microwave radiation holes 43a serving as slots are formed.
- the microwave radiating holes 43a are formed in the shape of a force between adjacent ones, and these microwave radiating holes 43a are arranged concentrically.
- the length and arrangement interval of the microwave radiation holes 43a are determined in accordance with the wavelength of the microwave, and for example, the distance between the microwave radiation holes 43a is set to 1 / 2 ⁇ or the distance.
- the shape of the microwave radiation hole 43a is not limited to the T-shape, and may be other shapes such as a circular shape and an arc shape. Further, the arrangement of the microwave radiation holes 43a is not limited to a concentric circle shape, and may be a spiral shape, a lattice shape, a random arrangement, a radial shape, or the like.
- a slow phase plate 44 made of a low-loss dielectric material as shown in FIG.
- the retardation plate 44 can adjust the plasma generation state by shortening the wavelength of the microwave because the wavelength of the microwave becomes longer in vacuum.
- An opening is formed in the center of the case 42a of the radial line slot antenna 42, and the coaxial waveguide 45 is connected to the opening.
- the coaxial waveguide 45 is connected to a microwave oscillation device 46 that oscillates a microwave of 2.45 GHz, for example.
- the microwave oscillation device 46 is provided with a microwave oscillation control unit 47 that controls ON / OFF of microwave oscillation and output.
- a processing gas supply port 50 is formed on the side wall surface of the processing container 30.
- a processing gas supply pipe 51 communicating with the outside of the processing container 30 is connected to the processing gas supply port 50.
- the processing gas supply pipe 51 is branched into a plurality of, for example, four, and the branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51di are connected to the gas supply sources 52a, 52b, 52c, 52di, respectively.
- Each branch pipe 51a to 51di is provided with a mass flow controller 54a, 54b, 54c, 54d, and a mass flow controller 54a, 54b, 54c, 54d.
- argon (Ar) gas which is a rare gas for plasma generation, is sealed in the gas supply source 52a, and the gas supply source 52b is supplied.
- Oxygen (O 2) gas is enclosed in the gas supply source.
- N 2 O dinitrogen monoxide
- H 2 gas hydrogen
- gas supply sources and gas types can be changed as appropriate according to the type of processing gas.
- exhaust ports 60 for exhausting the atmosphere in the processing container 30 are provided on both sides of the mounting table 31 at the bottom of the processing container 30.
- An exhaust pipe 62 leading to an exhaust device 61 such as a turbo molecular pump is connected to the exhaust port 60! /.
- processing units 15 to 17 is the same as the configuration of the processing unit 14 described above, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- a polycrystalline silicon layer Sn that becomes an n-type layer is previously formed on a polycrystalline silicon substrate Sp that becomes a p-type layer.
- a light absorption layer of pn junction is formed, and a passivation film is formed on the surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer Sn.
- the solar cell substrates W are taken out one by one from the cassette C in the cassette station 2 by the substrate carrier 8 shown in FIG. 1, and conveyed to the alignment unit 6.
- the solar cell substrate W is aligned in the alignment unit 6 and then transferred to the load lock chamber 12 by the substrate transfer body 8, and then the substrate transfer device 1 1
- the processing unit 14 through the central transfer chamber 10.
- the inside of the central transfer chamber 10 is maintained in a vacuum state, and the solar cell substrate W passing through the central transfer chamber 10 is vacuum transferred.
- the solar cell substrate W transported to the processing unit 14 is first sucked and held on the mounting table 31 as shown in FIG. Next, the solar cell substrate W is heated by the heater 35 to a range of 200 ° C. to 600 ° C., for example, 350 ° C. Subsequently, the inside of the processing container 30 is adjusted to a pressure in the range of 50 mTorr (6. 67 Pa) to 5 Torr (6. 67 X 10 2 Pa), for example, 100 mTorr (13.3 Pa), and the processing container 30 is supplied from the gas supply port 50. Inside, a mixed gas of argon gas and oxygen gas is introduced.
- a microwave is introduced into the processing container 30 from the radial line slot antenna 42.
- the processing gas in the processing container 30 is excited and plasma is generated in the processing container 30.
- the microwave passes through the slot flat plate 43 to form a surface wave, and a high-density plasma is generated immediately below the microwave transmission plate 41 by the surface wave.
- the sheath potential between the plasma generation space in the processing container 30 and the surface of the solar cell substrate W is maintained at 10 eV or less.
- the surface layer of the polycrystalline silicon layer Sn is oxidized by the action of the plasma containing oxygen atoms.
- a passivation film A made of a silicon oxide film is formed on the surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer Sn as shown in FIG.
- the passivation film A having a desired thickness is formed by the plasma oxidation process for a predetermined time, the supply of the microwave and the supply of the processing gas are stopped, and the formation process of the passivation film is completed.
- the solar cell substrate W is taken out from the processing unit 14 by the substrate transfer device 11 and transferred to the load lock chamber 13 through the central transfer chamber 10. Thereafter, the solar cell substrate W is returned to the cassette C by the substrate carrier 8 and the series of processes is completed.
- the passivation film A is formed by using plasma oxidation treatment, the polycrystalline silicon layer Sn and the passivation film A are compared with the case of using conventional CVD processing.
- the interface was smooth and continuous with no grain boundaries.
- crystal defects near the boundary between the polycrystalline silicon layer Sn and the passivation film A are reduced, and energy carriers are not lost.
- a positive battery can be manufactured.
- Fig. 6 shows the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell according to the method of forming the passivation film. When plasma oxidation is used as in this embodiment, it is compared to the conventional CVD process. The photoelectric conversion efficiency has improved dramatically.
- the sheath potential (ion energy) of the surface of the solar cell substrate W during plasma processing was investigated. As shown in Fig. 7, the sheath potential was 10 eV or less. In addition, it was confirmed that the density of crystal defects is extremely low at 2 X 10 + u (1 / cm 2 ) or less. In the present embodiment, since the sheath potential is set to 10 eV or less and plasma treatment is performed with low ion energy, crystal defects in the polycrystalline silicon layer Sn can be reduced, and a solar cell with high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be manufactured.
- the radial line slot antenna 42 is used for the microwave supply section, the plasma concentrates directly below the microwave transmission plate 41, and the sheath potential on the surface of the solar cell substrate W is stably stabilized. Can be kept low.
- the plasma treatment was performed at less than 200 ° C, it was confirmed that moisture and organic substances adhering to the surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer Sn were taken into the film. Further, when the plasma treatment is performed at a temperature exceeding 600 ° C., the polycrystalline silicon layer Sn is recrystallized. In this embodiment, since the plasma treatment is performed at a temperature of 200 ° C. to 600 ° C., the passivation film A having a good film quality with few impurities can be formed.
- the ion energy (Ee) and electron temperature (Te) of plasma during processing can be reduced by increasing the pressure in the processing chamber 30 during plasma processing.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer Sn can be oxidized with low ion energy by setting the inside of the processing container 30 during processing to 50 mTorr (6.67 Pa) or more as in the present embodiment.
- the crystal defects of the polycrystalline silicon layer Sn can be reduced, and a solar cell having high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be manufactured.
- the pressure in the processing vessel 30 during processing is increased too much, the ion energy will decrease too much and the plasma oxidation rate will decrease significantly.
- the pressure in the processing container 30 is maintained at 5 Torr (6.67 ⁇ 10 2 Pa) or less, a force S that avoids a significant decrease in the plasma oxidation rate can be achieved.
- oxygen gas and argon gas are supplied as process gases.
- nitrogen is contained in the process gas, and the interface between the polycrystalline silicon layer Sn and the passivation film A is added.
- the nitrogen atom content of may be controlled to 5 atomic% or less.
- Nitrogen can be added to the processing gas by adding nitrogen (N) gas or ammonia (NH) gas to the processing gas,
- N 2 O gas may be used instead of oxygen gas.
- the nitrogen atoms Since nitrogen atoms are introduced at the interface of n, the nitrogen atoms selectively react with crystal defects formed at the interface between the polycrystalline silicon layer Sn and the passivation film A, which is an oxide film, and the nitrogen atoms are Repair crystal defects. As a result, the final amount of crystal defects is reduced, and the photovoltaic exchange efficiency of the solar cell can be increased. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, it has been confirmed that when the nitrogen atom content rate exceeds 5 atomic%, the nitrogen atoms become excessive, and conversely, crystal defects at the interface of the polycrystalline silicon layer Sn increase. Therefore, by setting the nitrogen atom content to 5 atomic% or less, the crystal defects due to nitrogen atoms are properly repaired.
- the passivation film A is formed by oxidizing the polycrystalline silicon layer Sn.
- the passivation film may be formed by oxynitriding.
- the processing unit 14 may supply N 2 O gas instead of oxygen gas.
- the passivation film may be formed by supplying nitrogen gas instead of oxygen gas and nitriding the polycrystalline silicon film Sn.
- microwaves that generate plasma are continuously supplied during processing, but they may be supplied intermittently in the form of a pulse having a predetermined cycle.
- the microphone mouth wave oscillation control unit 47 oscillates the microwave from the microwave oscillation device 46 in a predetermined period, and the pulsed microwave is radiated from the radial line slot antenna 42 into the processing container 30.
- microwaves are supplied so that the pulse frequency is 50 kHz and the duty ratio (ratio of the ON time to the overall ON.OFF time) is 50%.
- the ion energy of the plasma can be reduced by supplying a normal microwave (pulse wave) compared to supplying a continuous microwave (continuous wave).
- the pulse frequency was 50 kHz and the duty ratio was 50%.
- the pulse frequency was 10 kHz to 1 MHz and the duty ratio was 20% to 8%. In the range of 0%, it was confirmed that there was an effect of reducing crystal defects compared to the continuous wave.
- FIG. 11 shows such an example, and the solar cell manufacturing apparatus 1 includes other processing units 70 and 71 that perform CVD processing.
- the other processing units 70 and 71 are connected to the central transfer unit 10 instead of the processing units 16 and 17 of the above embodiment, for example.
- another processing unit 70 is a plasma CVD apparatus that generates plasma using a radial line slot antenna and forms a film on the solar cell substrate W.
- the other processing unit 70 has the same configuration as the above processing unit 14 except that, for example, a high-frequency power source for applying bias power to the mounting table is connected and the type of processing gas is different. is doing. That is, the other processing unit 70 has a bottomed cylindrical processing container 80 having an open top as shown in FIG. 12, for example, and a mounting table 81 is provided at the bottom of the processing container 80. .
- the mounting table 81 incorporates an electrode plate 82, and a DC power source 83 is connected to the electrode plate 82. Further, a high frequency power source 84 that applies bias power to the solar cell substrate W is connected to the mounting table 81, for example.
- the mounting table 81 has a built-in heater 86 that generates heat by feeding power from the heater power supply 85, and can heat the solar cell substrate W on the mounting table 81 to a predetermined temperature.
- a microwave transmitting plate 91 is provided in the upper opening of the processing vessel 80, for example, with a sealant 90 interposed therebetween.
- the inside of the processing container 80 is hermetically closed by the microwave transmission plate 91.
- a radial line slot antenna 92 is provided on the microwave transmitting plate 91.
- the radial line slot antenna 92 has a substantially cylindrical case 92a having an open bottom surface, and a disk-shaped slot flat plate 93 is provided on the bottom surface.
- the slot flat plate 93 is formed with a large number of microwave radiation holes 93a serving as slots.
- the microwave radiating holes 93a are formed in the shape of a force between adjacent ones, and these T-shaped microwave radiating holes 93a are arranged concentrically.
- Microwave radiation hole 93a length The arrangement interval is determined in accordance with the wavelength of the microwave, and for example, the interval of the microwave radiation holes 93a is set to 1 / 2 ⁇ .
- a slow phase plate 94 formed of a low-loss dielectric material as shown in FIG.
- An opening is formed in the central portion of case 92a of radial line slot antenna 92, and coaxial waveguide 95 is connected to the opening.
- the coaxial waveguide 95 is connected to a microwave oscillation device 96 that oscillates a microwave of 2.45 GHz, for example.
- the microwave oscillation device 96 is provided with a microwave oscillation control unit 97 that controls ON / OFF of microwave oscillation and output.
- a processing gas supply port 100 is formed on the side wall surface of the processing container 80.
- a processing gas supply pipe 101 communicating with the outside of the processing container 80 is connected to the processing gas supply port 100.
- the processing gas supply pipe 101 is branched into a plurality of, for example, five, and each of the branch pipe dishes a, 101b, 101c, dish d, and dish e has gas supply sources 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102ei can be read through.
- Olei Ko (103a, 103b, 103c, 103d, 103e, mass flow controller 104a, 104b, 104c, 104d, 104e force S are provided respectively.
- a predetermined processing gas having a predetermined flow rate can be supplied into the processing container 30.
- a rare gas such as argon gas is sealed in the gas supply source 102a, and the gas supply is performed.
- Source 102b is sealed with silane (SiH) gas, and gas supply sources 102c, 102d, 102e (N, N, NH, H gas)
- exhaust ports 110 force S are provided on both sides of the mounting table 81 at the bottom of the processing vessel 80.
- An exhaust pipe 112 leading to an exhaust device 111 such as a turbo molecular pump is connected to the exhaust port 110.
- the solar cell substrate W in which the polycrystalline silicon layer Sn is formed on the polycrystalline silicon substrate Sp shown in FIG. 4 is transported from the cassette C to the alignment section 6 by the substrate transport body 8 as in the above embodiment.
- the solar cell substrate W is then loaded into the load lock chamber 1 by the substrate carrier 8
- the substrate is transferred to the processing unit 14 through the central transfer chamber 10 by the substrate transfer device 11.
- the surface layer of the polycrystalline silicon layer Sn is oxidized by plasma treatment in the same manner as in the above embodiment, and the surface of the first passivation film A1 is formed on the surface as shown in FIG. Is formed.
- the solar cell substrate W is taken out from the processing unit 14 by the substrate transfer device 11 and transferred to, for example, another processing unit 70 through the central transfer chamber 10. During this time, the solar cell substrate W is vacuum-transported so as not to be in contact with the atmosphere.
- the solar cell substrate W transported to the other processing unit 70 is first sucked and held on the mounting table 81 as shown in FIG. Next, the solar cell substrate W is heated to a range of 200 ° C. to 600 ° C. by the heater 86. Subsequently, the inside of the processing container 80 is adjusted to a pressure in the range of, for example, 5 mTorr to 5 Torr, and a mixed gas of argon gas, silane gas, and nitrogen gas is introduced into the processing container 80 from the gas supply port 100.
- a microwave is introduced into the processing container 80 from the radial line slot antenna 92.
- the gas in the processing container 80 is excited and plasma is generated in the processing container 80.
- the microwave passes through the slot plate 93 to form a surface wave, and the surface wave generates a high-density plasma immediately below the microwave transmission plate 91.
- a bias power of 20 V or more is applied to the solar cell substrate W on the mounting table 81 by the high frequency power source 84.
- a silicon nitride film is deposited on the surface of the first passivation film A1 by the action of plasma, so that a second passivation film A2 is formed as shown in FIG.
- a passivation film (Al + A2) having a predetermined thickness of, for example, 10 nm or more as a whole is formed.
- the passivation film having a desired thickness is formed by the plasma CVD process for a predetermined time, the supply of microwaves and the supply of gas are stopped, and the formation process of the passivation film ends.
- the solar cell substrate W is taken out from the other processing unit 70 by the substrate transfer device 11 and transferred to the load lock chamber 13 through the central transfer chamber 10. Thereafter, the solar cell substrate W is returned to the cassette C by the substrate carrier 8 and the series of processes is completed.
- the second passivation film is formed on the first passivation film A1 by the CVD process. Since the passivation film A2 is formed, for example, it is not possible to obtain a sufficient thickness for the passivation film only by the plasma oxidation process! / Even in this case, the passivation film having a sufficient thickness can be formed by the subsequent CVD process. As a result, the passivation film can sufficiently function as, for example, an antireflection film. In addition, the strength of the passivation film can be sufficiently secured. Further, in this example, since the silicon nitride film having a higher reflectance is formed on the silicon oxide film which is the first passivation film A1, the reflection preventing function of the passivation film can be further improved.
- the processing unit 14 and the other processing unit 70 are connected by the central transfer chamber 10, and the transfer of the solar cell substrate W from the processing unit 14 to the other processing unit 70 is performed in a vacuum state, the solar cell substrate It is possible to prevent W from being exposed to the atmosphere and, for example, moisture adhering to the film quality.
- the processing for forming the first passivation film A1 and the second passivation film A2 may be performed in the same processing container.
- the plasma oxidation process described above is performed in the processing container 80 of another processing unit 70. Then, the first passivation film A1 may be formed, and then the plasma passivation process may be performed to form the second passivation film A2.
- the first passivation film A1 is an oxide film as in the above-described embodiment
- oxygen gas is also introduced in addition to nitrogen gas as a processing gas during the CVD process, and the ratio of nitrogen to oxygen during the introduction of the processing gas
- the nitrogen atom content of the second passivation film A2 may be gradually increased in the deposition direction.
- a small amount of nitrogen gas is first introduced compared to oxygen gas, and then the amount of introduced nitrogen gas is increased while reducing the amount of introduced oxygen gas, and finally only nitrogen gas is introduced.
- the first passivation film which is a silicon oxide film because it gradually changes to the recon nitride film
- the film composition of A1 and second passivation A2 is continuous throughout. As a result, crystal grain boundaries in the passivation film are reduced and crystal defects can be reduced. This example is
- the present invention can also be applied to the case where the first passivation film A1 is an oxynitride film.
- SiH (silane) gas is used as a processing gas during the CVD processing.
- an oxide film or an oxynitride film may be formed on the first passivation film A1 instead of the nitride film by changing the process gas during the CVD process.
- Hydrogen gas may be added to the processing gas.
- the crystal defects can be repaired by selectively reacting with hydrogen atomic force S, crystal defects in the passivation film and in the interface between the silicon layer and the passivation film, so that a solar cell with higher photoelectric conversion efficiency can be repaired.
- a battery can be manufactured.
- the processing units 14 to 17 described in the above embodiment, and the other processing units 70 and 71 include the above-described radial line slot antenna! /, But have a slot antenna of another structure. You may have.
- the processing unit 14 includes a parallel plate waveguide slot antenna (hereinafter referred to as “parallel plate antenna”) 130 on the microwave transmission plate 41 as shown in FIG.
- the parallel plate antenna 130 is an antenna in which a slot is formed on one of two plates forming a parallel plate waveguide.
- the parallel plate antenna 130 includes a lower rectangular first waveguide plate 130a and an upper rectangular second waveguide plate 130b facing each other in parallel in the vertical direction.
- a parallel plate waveguide 131 is formed in the gap between the two waveguide plates 130b.
- a number of microwave radiation holes 132 serving as slots are formed in the first waveguide plate 130a.
- the microwave radiation holes 132 form a T shape between adjacent ones, and these T-shaped microwave radiation holes 132 are arranged vertically and horizontally.
- the length and arrangement interval of the microwave radiation holes 132 are determined according to the wavelength of the microwaves in the parallel plate waveguide 131.
- the distance between the microwave radiation holes 132 is the natural number of the microwaves. It is set to double.
- the shape of the microwave radiation hole 132 is not limited to the T shape, and may be other shapes such as a circular shape or an arc shape.
- the arrangement of the microwave radiation holes 132 is not limited to the vertical and horizontal arrangement, and may be concentric, spiral, random arrangement, radial, or the like.
- a slow wave material 133 made of a dielectric is provided in the parallel plate waveguide 131.
- This slow wave material 133 can adjust the plasma generation state by shortening the wavelength of the microwave introduced into the parallel plate waveguide 131.
- a microwave absorber 134 is provided at one end of the parallel plate waveguide 131.
- a microwave distributor 135 that distributes the introduced microwave is formed near the other end of the parallel plate waveguide 131 opposite to the microwave absorber 134.
- the microwave distributor 135 is connected to a waveguide 137 leading to a microwave oscillation device 136 that oscillates a microwave of 2.45 GHz, for example. Since the configuration of the other parts of the processing unit 14 is the same as the configuration of the processing unit 14 described in the above embodiment, the configuration of the other parts will be described using the same reference numerals as in the above embodiment. Is omitted.
- the microwave oscillated from the microwave oscillating device 136 is introduced into the parallel plate waveguide 131 of the parallel plate antenna 130, and the microwave is supplied to the micro wave of the first waveguide plate 130a. It passes through the wave radiation hole 132, passes through the microwave transmission plate 41, and is introduced into the processing container 30. As a result, a microwave surface wave is formed in the processing container 30, and the surface wave generates a high-density plasma immediately below the microwave transmission plate 41.
- processing units 15, 16, 17, and the other processing units 70, 71 may similarly include the parallel plate antenna 130.
- this embodiment is an example in which a passivation film is formed on a polycrystalline silicon layer, but a passivation film is formed on a single crystal, amorphous (amorphous), or a mixed silicon layer of polycrystalline and amorphous. Even in this case, the present invention can be applied.
- the present invention is useful when manufacturing a solar cell with high energy conversion efficiency.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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US12/515,978 US20100029038A1 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2007-11-06 | Manufacturing method of solar cell and manufacturing apparatus of solar cell |
CN2007800429903A CN101542749B (zh) | 2006-11-22 | 2007-11-06 | 太阳能电池的制造方法及太阳能电池的制造装置 |
EP07831279A EP2096679A4 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2007-11-06 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SOLAR CELL, AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SOLAR CELL |
KR1020097011882A KR101089130B1 (ko) | 2006-11-22 | 2007-11-06 | 태양 전지의 제조 방법 및 태양 전지의 제조 장치 |
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JP2006315648A JP4864661B2 (ja) | 2006-11-22 | 2006-11-22 | 太陽電池の製造方法及び太陽電池の製造装置 |
JP2006-315648 | 2006-11-22 |
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US (1) | US20100029038A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2096679A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4864661B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101089130B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN101542749B (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20100029038A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
CN102569524A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
EP2096679A4 (en) | 2010-08-18 |
EP2096679A1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
CN101542749B (zh) | 2012-04-18 |
TW200837968A (en) | 2008-09-16 |
KR101089130B1 (ko) | 2011-12-02 |
JP2008130904A (ja) | 2008-06-05 |
JP4864661B2 (ja) | 2012-02-01 |
KR20090085100A (ko) | 2009-08-06 |
CN101542749A (zh) | 2009-09-23 |
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