WO2007138960A1 - 可変スロットアンテナ及びその駆動方法 - Google Patents
可変スロットアンテナ及びその駆動方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007138960A1 WO2007138960A1 PCT/JP2007/060551 JP2007060551W WO2007138960A1 WO 2007138960 A1 WO2007138960 A1 WO 2007138960A1 JP 2007060551 W JP2007060551 W JP 2007060551W WO 2007138960 A1 WO2007138960 A1 WO 2007138960A1
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- Prior art keywords
- slot
- conduction path
- selective conduction
- region
- variable
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
- H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element
Definitions
- the present invention relates to variable directivity of an antenna having wideband characteristics suitable for transmitting and receiving analog high-frequency signals such as microwave bands and millimeter-wave bands, or digital signals.
- the frequency band approved from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz for high-speed communication systems for short distances is as wide as 109.5% as the ratio band normalized by the center frequency fO in the band. It is extremely difficult to cover the entire band with the ratio band characteristics of less than 5% of the patch antenna known as the basic antenna and about 10% of the half-wave slot antenna. .
- a specific band power of about 30% is required to cover the 8 GHz to 2.4 GHz band with the same antenna.
- a bandwidth ratio of 100% or more is required.
- Fig. 25 The schematic diagram of Fig. 25 is a quarter-wave slot antenna, the most basic planar antenna. It is known that a value of about 15% can be obtained as a specific band.
- Fig. 25 (a) shows a schematic perspective view from the upper surface side
- Fig. 25 (b) shows a schematic cross-sectional view cut along a straight line AB
- Fig. 25 (c) shows a schematic diagram of the rear surface perspective seen from the upper surface side.
- a feeding line 115 is provided on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 103, and a notch is formed in the depth direction from the edge portion 105 of the finite ground conductor 101 on the rear surface side.
- 111 functions as an open slot 109.
- the slot 109 is a circuit obtained by completely removing the conductor in the thickness direction in a part of the ground conductor 101, and the slot order Ls is the lowest order resonance in the vicinity of the frequency corresponding to a quarter effective wavelength. Demonstrate the phenomenon.
- the feed line 115 partially faces and intersects with the slot 109 to excite the slot 109.
- the external circuit is connected via the input terminal 201.
- the distance t3 from the open end point 125 of the feed line 115 to the slot 109 is set to a length of about a quarter effective wavelength at the center frequency f0 in order to achieve input matching.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a structure for operating a quarter-wave slot antenna at a plurality of resonance frequencies.
- Figure 26 (a) shows a schematic diagram of the structure.
- the quarter-wave slot 10 9 formed by cutting out a part of the ground conductor 101 on the back surface of the dielectric substrate 103 is excited at the feeding point 113, and normal antenna operation can be obtained.
- the resonant frequency of the normal slot antenna is a force defined by the loop length of the slot 109.
- the capacitive element 16 set between points 1a and 16b in Patent Document 1 is a signal with a frequency higher than the original resonant frequency of the slot 109. Therefore, the slot resonator length Ls can be changed according to the frequency. In other words, as shown in Fig.
- the resonator length of the slot is not changed from the usual, but is determined by the physical length of the notch structure, whereas in Fig. 26 (c) As shown, it operates at a high frequency so that the resonator length Ls2 of the slot is shorter than the physical resonator length Ls at a high frequency. Therefore, it is assumed that double resonance operation can be realized by one slot resonator structure.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a method of operating a half-wavelength slot antenna over a wide band. As described above, in the slot antenna input matching method shown in FIG. 25, the slot resonator 109 is excited at a point where the effective wavelength is a quarter from the open end point 125 of the feed line 115 at the center frequency f0. Methods have traditionally been employed. However, in Non-Patent Document 2, as shown in a top perspective schematic diagram in FIG. 27, the distance from the open end point 125 of the feed line 115 to the quarter effective wavelength at fO on the input terminal 201 side. The line width of the feeder line 115 in the region corresponding to is reduced to form a resonator, and is coupled to the slot 109 near the center of the formed inductive resonator region 127.
- Non-Patent Document 2 uses a substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.94 and a height of 0.75 mm, assumes a slot length (Ls) of 24 mm, and a design frequency of 5 GHz.
- the line length (tl + t2 + Ws) of the quarter wavelength line in the inductive resonator region is 9.8 mm
- the line width W2 is 0.5 mm
- the offset distance (Lo) between the feed line 115 and the slot center is This corresponds to the frequency dependence of the reflection intensity characteristics when changing from 9.8 mm to 10.2 mm.
- Good reflection intensity characteristics of minus 10 dB or less are obtained (from 4.1 GHz to 5.7 GHz).
- this band characteristic is far superior to the 9% band ratio of a normal slot antenna manufactured under the same substrate conditions.
- Patent Document 2 as a sector-one antenna using a slot antenna, a plurality of slot antennas are arranged radially, and switching of the main beam direction is realized by switching the path on the feeder line side.
- One antenna configuration is disclosed.
- the main beam direction batch switching of the radiated electromagnetic wave having an ultra-wideband frequency component is realized by using a Vivaldian antenna known as having an ultra-wideband antenna characteristic as an antenna.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an example of a variable antenna that tilts the main beam direction radiated from the radiating slot element using a parasitic parasitic element. In the variable antenna shown in FIG.
- the half effective wavelength slot resonator excited by the feed line 115 is a radiator (slot) 109
- the parasitic slot resonator is a parasitic element 109x, 109y in close proximity.
- the function of the parasitic element with respect to the reflector can be switched between a waveguide and a reflector, and the direction of the radiation beam from the radiator can be changed.
- the slot length of the parasitic elements can be adjusted to be shorter than the slot length of the radiator, and for the parasitic elements 109x and 109y to function as a reflector.
- the slot length set on the circuit board is set to be long in advance, and in the state of functioning as a slot circuit with a short slot length, the switch element spans the slot in the width direction in the middle of the slot length.
- 205a and 205b selectively conduct between the ground conductors.
- Patent Document 3 mentions the use of a MEMS switch as an example of a method for realizing the switch elements 205a and 205b.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-336328
- Patent Document 2 Special Table 2003-527018
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-210520
- Patent Document 4 Special Table 2005—514844
- Non-Patent Document 1 “A Novel Broadband Microstrip—Fed Wide Slot Antenn a With Double Rejection Zeros” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 2, 2003, pp. 194-196
- Patent Document 1 although a wide band operation is realized by introducing a capacitive reactance element into the slot, no dramatic switching function of directivity is disclosed at all. In addition, specifically, additional components such as a chip capacitor are required for the capacitive reactance element, and it was easily imagined that the characteristics of the antenna would vary due to variations in the characteristics of newly introduced additional components. Patent Document 1 does not disclose any directivity variable function that switches the main beam direction of an antenna having a wide band characteristic at once.
- Non-Patent Document 1 shows a narrow slot width Ws, similar to fig. 1 in Non-Patent Document 1. However, under the conditions where the above broadband characteristics are obtained, 4 Ws is set to a value of 5 mm, which corresponds to a length of more than half of the 1/8 wavelength range of 9.8 mm.
- Non-Patent Document 1 does not disclose any directivity variable function that switches the main beam direction of an antenna having a wide band characteristic at once.
- the antenna disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a driving method in which four slot antennas that do not share most of the constituent elements are arranged and introduced radially in the structure, and the power feeding circuit to each slot antenna is switched. Although the main beam direction switching function is realized, the antenna structure is extremely large, and there is a problem in realizing a small communication terminal.
- the antenna disclosed in Patent Document 3 also has a problem from the viewpoint of miniaturization because slot antennas that do not share components are arranged in parallel.
- the main beam direction of the antenna may change in a different direction within the operating frequency band. was there. Therefore, the antenna disclosed in Patent Document 3 cannot maintain the main beam alignment direction within the band and satisfy the conditions.
- the present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and keeps the main beam direction in a lump while keeping the main beam direction in the same direction in the entire operation band while maintaining a small circuit configuration. The purpose is to provide a variable slot antenna that realizes the function of switching dramatically and its driving method.
- variable slot antenna of the present invention includes:
- a dielectric substrate A dielectric substrate
- the ground conductor is completely divided into two finite ground conductor areas, and a slot area with both ends open is formed.
- a feed line that intersects a region near the center in the length direction of the slot region is disposed on the surface of the dielectric substrate
- a selective conduction path capable of selecting whether or not to connect between the separated finite ground conductor regions across the slot region in the width direction is provided from the intersection of the feed line and the slot region to the slot.
- the variable slot antenna structure is placed one by one in the direction facing the open areas at both ends of the area.
- a feed line that intersects the slot region at a feed point near the longitudinal center of the slot region is disposed on the surface of the dielectric substrate
- the feeding line is once branched into a branch line group including at least two branch lines,
- branch line group at least one pair of branch line pairs are connected again at a second point near the slot to form a loop wiring in the feed line,
- the maximum loop length of all the loop wirings included in the structure is set to a length less than 1 effective wavelength at the upper limit frequency of the operating band
- the selective conduction path group In the first state, in the selective conduction path group, at least one or more second conductive lines arranged on the first direction side facing the first open end side of the slot region from the power feeding point. All the selective conduction paths are selected in an open state, and the selective conduction path group And at least one or more of at least one second selective conduction path disposed on the second direction side facing the second open end side of the slot region from the feeding point. Selecting the second selective conduction path of the first to a conduction state and emitting the main beam in the first direction;
- At least one or more of the first selective conduction paths are selected as a conduction state, and all the second selective conduction paths are selected as an open state.
- the main beam is emitted in the direction.
- variable slot antenna of the present invention it is possible to realize a wide band with a small structure, which is difficult to realize with the conventional slot antenna.
- maintaining the main beam orientation direction within the operating band and dramatically switching the main beam direction at the same time can be satisfied at the same time, so ultra-wideband high-speed communication can be used in mobile terminals where transmission and reception conditions change every moment. This makes it possible to implement functional multiband terminals.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a variable slot antenna driven by the driving method of the present invention, where (a) is a schematic perspective view when the main beam direction is directed to the right side, and (b) is a main beam. It is a perspective schematic diagram in the case where the direction is directed to the left side.
- FIG. 2 is a structural cross-sectional view of a variable slot antenna driven by the driving method of the present invention, where (a) is a structural cross-sectional view taken along line A1-A2 in FIG. 1 (a), and (b) is FIG.
- FIG. 3A is a structural cross-sectional view along line B1-B2 in (a).
- FIG. 3 is a perspective schematic diagram of the variable slot antenna of the present invention, where (a) is a perspective schematic diagram when the feed structure does not include an inductive resonator region, and (b) is an inductive resonator region in the feed structure.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective schematic diagram of the variable slot antenna of the present invention, where (a) is a perspective schematic diagram when the feed structure does not include an inductive resonator region, and (b) is an inductive resonator region in the feed structure.
- FIG. 4 Schematic diagram of two circuits with a branch in signal wiring in a general high-frequency circuit structure with an infinite ground conductor structure on the back,
- (a) Schematic diagram for loop wiring (B) is a schematic diagram in the case of stub wiring with an open end, and (c) is a schematic diagram in the case of loop wiring, especially when the second path is set extremely short.
- FIG. 5 shows the high-frequency current in the ground conductor in one embodiment of the variable slot antenna of the present invention. It is a perspective schematic diagram explaining a path
- FIG. 6 A cross-sectional structure diagram for explaining the location of high-frequency current concentration in the ground conductor of the transmission line, (a) is a cross-sectional structure diagram in the case of a general transmission line, (b) branched It is a cross-sectional structure diagram in the case of a transmission line.
- FIG. 7 A perspective schematic view showing an example of a feed structure of the variable slot antenna of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 A perspective schematic view showing an example of a feed structure of the variable slot antenna of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 A perspective schematic diagram showing an example of a feed structure of the variable slot antenna of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 A perspective schematic view showing an example of a feed structure of the variable slot antenna of the present invention.
- 11 A schematic diagram of the structure realized at high frequency on the variable slot antenna of the present invention, where (a) is a schematic diagram under the driving conditions of FIG. 1 (a), and (b) is a schematic diagram of FIG. 1 (b).
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram at the time of driving conditions.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of a variable slot antenna of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view of a variable slot antenna of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic perspective view of a variable slot antenna according to the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a perspective schematic view of a variable slot antenna of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a structural diagram of the variable antenna of Example 1.
- FIG. 20 is a frequency dependence diagram of reflection characteristics of the variable antenna of Example 1 in the first driving state.
- FIG. 22 is a structural diagram of the variable antenna of Example 2.
- FIG. 23 is a frequency dependence diagram of the reflection characteristics of the variable antenna of Example 2 in the first driving state.
- FIG. 24 is a radiation characteristic diagram of the variable antenna of Example 2, wherein (a) shows the first and second driving states. Comparison of radiation characteristics at 3 GHz in the state, (b) Comparison of radiation characteristics at 6 GHz in the first and second driving states, and (c) at 9 GHz in the first and second driving states.
- Fig. 25] is a structural schematic diagram of a typical quarter-wave slot antenna, (a) a schematic top perspective view, (b) a schematic cross-sectional side view, c) is a schematic back view seen through from the top.
- FIG. 26 (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a quarter-wave slot antenna of Patent Document 1, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slot antenna when operating in a low frequency band. (c) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a slot antenna when operating in a high frequency band.
- FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) the structure of the variable slot antenna of the present embodiment will be described using a schematic top view, and the variability of the directivity characteristics of the variable slot antenna obtained in two driving states will be described. Is schematically shown.
- FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are cross-sectional schematic views of the structure cut along the straight lines A1_A2 and B1-B2 in FIG. 1, respectively.
- an embodiment of a driving method for switching the main beam direction to the left and right will be described as an example of a highly symmetric variable slot antenna structure as an embodiment having high symmetry.
- a ground conductor 101 having a finite area is formed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate 103, and a slot region 109 is formed in which both ends are opened by notching in the depth direction 107 from the side edge 105 of the ground conductor 101. ing. That is, the finite ground conductor 101 is divided into two parts by the slot region 109 into a first ground conductor 101a and a second ground conductor 101b. As a result, both ends of the slot area 109 become the first open end llla and the second open end 111b, respectively. At the feeding point 113 in the center of the slot region 109, the slot region 109 intersects with the feeding line 115 formed on the surface of the dielectric substrate 103.
- the direction facing the first open end 11 la from the feeding point 113 is defined as a first direction 117a, and at least one first selective conduction path 119 is formed from the feeding point 113 to the first direction side. Yes.
- the direction facing the second open end 111b from the feeding point 113 is the second direction 117b, and at least one second selective conduction path 121 is provided from the feeding point 113 to the second direction side. It is formed.
- the number of the first selective conduction paths 119 and the number of the second selective conduction paths 121 is one will be described first. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, two selective conduction paths 119 and 121 are arranged on the left and right sides from the feeding point 113, respectively.
- the first selective conduction path 119 and the second selective conduction path 121 are both divided into the first ground conductor 101a and the second ground conductor 101b divided by the slot region 109 based on a control signal supplied from the outside. It plays the role of selectively conducting the gaps.
- FIG. 1 (a) it is assumed that the first selective conduction path 119 is conducted and the second selective conduction path 121 is controlled to be in an open state.
- the selective conduction path 1 19 is opened, and the second selective conduction path 121 is controlled to be in a conduction state. Due to the control of the first and second selective conduction paths, in the state of FIG. In the state of the arrow 123a and in the state of FIG. 1 (b), it is possible to align the radiated electromagnetic wave in the main beam direction in the direction of the arrow 123b.
- the feed line 115 is branched into at least two or more branch wires 115a, 115b ′... At a first branch point 223 in the vicinity of the feed point 113.
- the pair of branch lines 115a and 115b are connected again to form a loop line 209.
- the loop length of the loop wiring 209 is set to be less than 1 times the effective wavelength at fH.
- the loop wiring is preferably arranged at two locations so as to intersect two boundary lines of the slot region 109 and the ground conductors 101a and 101b.
- variable slot antenna of the present invention can have two types of feed line structures as shown in the top perspective schematic diagrams in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b).
- the distance t3 from the open end point 125 of the feed line 115 to the center in the width direction of the slot region 109 is a quarter effective wavelength at fO.
- the input matching is obtained in the operating band including fO.
- the characteristic impedance of the feeder line 115 is preferably set to 50 ⁇ .
- variable slot antenna of the present invention can have a feed line structure as already shown in FIG. 1 and a top perspective schematic view shown in FIG. 3 (b).
- the area corresponding to the distance of (tl + Ws + t2) from the open end point 125 of the feed line 115 toward the input terminal is an inductive resonator region composed of a transmission line having a characteristic impedance higher than 50 ⁇ .
- the feeding structure is set to 127.
- the impedance Zo of a general external circuit connected to the input terminal 201 and the characteristic impedance of the feed line 115 are preferably matched, the impedance of the inductive resonator region 127 is The characteristic impedance is set to a higher value. In the configuration shown in Fig.
- the region length of the inductive resonator region 127 is set to about a quarter effective wavelength at fO.
- the slot width Ws is preferably set to be about the same as the sum of tl and t2.
- the structure shown in Fig. 3 (a) is effective for obtaining broadband characteristics under the condition that the slot width Ws must be set narrow, and the structure shown in Fig. 3 (b) is used for setting the slot width Ws. This is effective when you want to obtain ultra-wideband characteristics under conditions with few restrictions.
- the loop wiring 209 in the variable slot antenna of the present invention simultaneously performs the two functions of increasing the number of excitation locations of the slot resonator and adjusting the electrical length of the input matching circuit, thereby increasing the antenna bandwidth. Realized. The functions performed by the loop wiring are described in detail below.
- FIG. 4 (a) shows a schematic circuit diagram in which the loop wiring 209 including the first path 115a and the second path 115b is connected between the input terminal 201 and the output terminal 203.
- the loop wiring becomes the resonance condition under the condition that the sum of the path lengths Lpl and Lp2 of each of the first path 115a and the second path 115b corresponds to one time of the effective wavelength for the transmission signal, and as a ring resonator Sometimes used.
- the introduction of the loop wiring 209 in the variable slot antenna of the present invention has a unique effect that cannot be obtained with the above-described general high-frequency circuit. provide.
- the linear feed line 115 is replaced with the norepe wiring 209 in the vicinity of the location where the slot region 109 exists in the ground conductor 101, the local high-frequency current distribution around the slot region 109 is changed, and the slot antenna 109 The resonance characteristics can be changed.
- the high-frequency current on the ground conductor branches off at the first branch point 221. In addition, it is guided in the direction of 233 along the first path 115a, and can also be guided to the side of 235 along the second path 115b.
- the high-frequency current flow on the grounding conductor can generate different paths such as 233 and 235, and the force to excite the slot antenna at multiple locations can be achieved.
- This local variation in the vicinity of the slot of the high-frequency current distribution on the ground conductor dramatically expands the operating band of the slot antenna.
- Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the transmission line, and explains how the intensity distribution of the high-frequency current on the signal conductor side and the ground conductor side fluctuates due to signal conductor branching.
- the signal conductor is not branched, and the high-frequency current is concentrated on the signal conductor side at the edge portions 403 and 405 of the signal conductor 401, and the high-frequency current is on the ground conductor 101 side. This concentration occurs in a region 407 facing the central portion of the signal conductor 401.
- the loop wiring newly introduced in the variable slot antenna of the present invention has a function of adjusting the electrical length of the feed line 115 as well as fulfilling the function of providing a plurality of excitation locations of the slot antenna. is doing.
- the fluctuation of the electrical length of the feed line due to the introduction of the loop wiring changes the resonance condition of the feed line 115 to the double resonance condition, further enhancing the effect of expanding the operating band of the present invention.
- variable slot antenna of the present invention expands its operating band by simply inheriting the design principle of the feed line in each slot antenna shown in FIGS. Bigger.
- the slot length is designed according to the operating frequency fO, and t3 is a quarter of fO. Set to effective wavelength. If the loop structure of the present invention is introduced in the vicinity of the slot in such a feed line 115 structure, the electrical length is short among the two paths constituting the loop wiring, and the electrical length is long when compared with the case where the path is connected. The resonance frequency of the feed line 115 in the case of passing through the path is separated, and a double resonance operation is guided.
- the slot width Ws is set large, tl + t2 + Ws is set to a quarter effective wavelength at f 0, and transmission in the quarter effective wavelength region is performed.
- the line is set to high impedance and impedance, and is operated under the condition that tl and t2 are almost equal.
- variable slot antenna of the present invention can operate in a wider band than the conventional slot antenna in each operation state.
- the loop wiring in the variable slot antenna of the present invention in order to maintain the broadband matching characteristics, the loop wiring must be used under conditions that do not cause unnecessary resonance alone.
- the loop wiring 209 shown in Fig. 4 (a) as an example, the loop length Lp, which is the sum of the path lengths L pi and Lp2, is greater than the effective wavelength of the upper limit frequency fH of the operating band even in the largest loop wiring in the structure. Must also be set short.
- a structure adopted in a general high-frequency circuit more frequently than the loop wiring There is an open stub shown in Fig. 4 (b). If an open stub 115s of length Lp3 is branched and connected to the transmission line 211, a resonance condition is established at a frequency at which Lp3 is a quarter effective wavelength, and signal transmission between the input terminal 201 and the output terminal 203 is performed. As a result, the band rejection filter function is exhibited, which is not preferable for the variable slot antenna of the present invention. Therefore, among the wires branched from the feed structure of the variable slot antenna according to the present invention, those that do not constitute the loop wiring can have a stub configuration. Even when the stub length is the maximum, at 4 fH. Must be set to less than 1 / effective wavelength.
- the loop wiring is twice as effective as the quantified comparison in the frequency band than the open stub.
- the open termination point 115t of the open stub in Fig. 4 (b) is open circuit-wise, no high-frequency current flows, and even if the open termination point 115t is placed near the slot, the force that excites the slot S It becomes difficult.
- one point 115u of the loop wiring 209 in Fig. 4 (c) is never open because of the circuit, so a high-frequency current always flows, and if it is placed near the slot, the slot can be easily excited. From the point of view, in order to obtain the effect of the present invention, the use of loop wiring is more advantageous than the use of an open stub.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic top perspective view of the embodiment in which the number of branches of the branch line portion of the feed line 115 is three.
- the number of branch lines that branch off the feeder line 115 may be set to a value of three or more, but the operating band is dramatically expanded compared to the characteristics when branched into two. I can't hope for big.
- the distribution strength of the high-frequency current is high in the branch line group branched into a plurality of paths 115a passing through the location closest to the open end of the slot and conversely passing through the location farthest from the open end of the slot This is because the intensity of the high-frequency current flowing through the path 115c wired between them is not strong.
- the number of branches is 2
- the loop length of the loop wiring formed by the path 115a and the path 115b will increase unintentionally, leading to a decrease in the resonance frequency of the loop wiring, and the variable slot antenna of the present invention.
- the first route 115a and the second route 115b constituting the loop wiring are both in the slot region 109. It is preferable to intersect with at least one of the boundary lines 237 and 239 with the ground conductor 101.
- the loop wiring 209 may be designed to cross both the boundary lines 237 and 239, respectively.
- the loop wiring 209 is clearer than the figure shown in the trapezoidal shape, there is no limitation on the shape of the loop wiring.
- a plurality of loop wirings 209 may be formed. When a plurality of loop wirings are provided, the plurality of loop wirings 209 may be connected in series as already shown in FIG. 1, or may be connected in parallel as already shown in FIG. Two loop wires may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected via a transmission line having an arbitrary shape.
- FIG. 8 As shown in another top view schematic diagram in FIG. 8, the loop wiring 209 may be designed to cross both the boundary lines 237 and 239, respectively.
- the loop lines 209a and 209b may be arranged on the two straight lines lj that individually intersect with the boundary lines 237 and 239, respectively. Furthermore, as shown in the top perspective schematic diagram in FIG. 10, the parallel loop wirings 209c and 209d that individually intersect the boundary line 237 and the parallel loop wirings 209e and 209f that respectively intersect the boundary line 239 are connected in series. It may be configured to be arranged in the above.
- the frequency at which the ground conductor 101 of a finite area constituting the variable slot antenna of the present invention resonates is made close to the operating band of the variable slot antenna of the present invention to obtain further wideband characteristics and multiband characteristics. Is also possible. That is, the frequency at which the ground conductor itself can resonate like a patch antenna, a monopole antenna, or a dipole antenna to obtain radiation characteristics is slightly lower than the resonance band of the variable slot antenna of the present invention. If it is set to, further expansion of the input matching band can be realized.
- the line width of the loop wiring 209 is selected so that the same condition as the characteristic impedance of the feed line 115 connected to the input side or the open-ended end side or a high impedance condition is equivalently established. It is preferred that That is, when the feeder line 115 is bifurcated, it is preferable that the loop wiring is constituted by a branch wiring that is not more than half the line width of the original feeder line 115. As can be seen from Non-Patent Document 1, the slot antenna itself tends to be easily matched to the resistance value of 50 ⁇ by coupling with the high impedance line. Equivalently increasing the characteristic impedance of the feed line 115 near the slot region 109 is an effective force for realizing further low reflection characteristics.
- the selective conduction path of either the first selective conduction path 119 or the second selective conduction path 121 is made conductive. Make sure that one of the selective conduction paths is open.
- the main beam can be oriented in a direction facing the selective conduction path opened from the feeding point 113, and the main beam can be switched by switching between the selective conduction path that conducts and the selective conduction path that opens. The direction can be switched to a different direction.
- the conductive selective conduction path is locally connected between the divided ground conductors 101a and 101b, and one side is open and one side is short-circuited in the structure.
- a slot resonator with a 1 / effective wavelength can appear at high frequencies in each drive state.
- Figures 11 (a) and 11 (b) schematically show the structure of the variable slot antenna driven in the state shown in Figures 1 (a) and 1 (b), respectively, at high frequencies.
- the slot area of the variable slot antenna of the present invention is set in advance so that both ends are open ends. However, in each driving state, one end can be handled as being short-circuited in high frequency. For example, in FIG.
- FIG. 11 (a) the open end 111a shown in FIG. 1 (a) is not shown. This is because the open end 111a can be ignored in terms of high frequency when facing from the feeding point 113 by the conduction control of the first selective conduction path 119 arranged in the direction facing the open end 111a from the feeding point 113. Because it becomes.
- the second selective conduction path 121 is set in an open state at a high frequency, the influence of the specific shape of the second selective conduction path 121 on the radiation characteristics is extremely limited.
- Figure 1 (a) can be approximated as shown in Figure 11 (a) in terms of high frequency.
- the variable slot antenna in the driving state of Fig. 1 (b) can be approximated as shown in Fig. 11 (b) at high frequencies.
- the main beam direction when a quarter effective wavelength slot resonator is fed is the direction from the power supply point toward the open end, so that the direction from the power supply point toward the open end can be switched depending on the driving state.
- This variable slot antenna dramatic switching of the main beam direction can be realized.
- FIGS. 5 and 7 to 10 also schematically show the structure realized at a high frequency in the variable slot antenna in any one driving state, and the selective conduction path is omitted. What The
- FIG. 13 shows a state in which only the second selective conduction path 119-2 is controlled to conduct.Selection of the selective conduction path to conduct is selected. By selection, it is possible to adjust the resonator length of the formed slot resonator, and it is also possible to adjust the feed impedance to the slot resonator by selecting a selective conduction path that conducts. Also, of course, even if all the selective conduction paths are made conductive, it is not enough.
- the conduction between the first ground conductor 101a and the second ground conductor 101b obtained by the first and second selective conduction paths has a passband near the operating frequency that does not have to be DC signal conduction. It may be limited high-frequency conduction.
- a switch element such as a diode switch, a high-frequency transistor, a high-frequency switch, a MEMS switch, or the like that has low loss and high isolation characteristics in the antenna operating band can be obtained. Any of them can be used. If a diode switch is used, the configuration of the power feeding circuit can be simplified.
- the selective conduction path 191 includes a switch element 191a capable of switching between conduction and release of a high-frequency signal, and protruding conductors 193a provided on both sides of the switch element 191a.
- 19 is composed of 3b.
- the conductors 193a and 193b have shapes projecting into the slot region 109 from the ground conductors 101a and 101b, respectively.
- One of the conductors 193a and 193b may be removed from the structure, and the switch element 191a may be directly connected to either the ground conductor 101a or 101b.
- conductor wires 193c and 193d are used to connect the ground conductor 101a and the switch element 191a, and between the ground conductor 101b and the switch element 191a.
- An example of the implementation of the selective conduction path 191 when the size of the switch element 191a is larger than the width of the slot area 109 is shown in FIG. In any case, the selective conduction path is formed across the slot area to connect between the ground conductors 101a and 101b, and it is possible to control two states of high-frequency conduction and open in the path without fail.
- the selective conduction path functions as a high-frequency open state when the switch element in the path is opened, and the switch element in the path is controlled to conduct.
- Switch elements used in the high frequency band have parasitic circuit components depending on the structure, so it is strictly impossible to achieve a complete open state or complete conduction state. If the circuit design is performed in consideration of the parasitic circuit components in advance, the object of the present invention can be easily achieved, for example, the commercially available gallium arsenide PIN diode switch used in the embodiment of the present invention is connected in series.
- the parasitic capacitance is 0.05 pF, and when it is open, it is possible to obtain sufficient isolation characteristics for the purpose of the present invention, which is about 25 dB in the 5 GHz band.
- the above-mentioned sales diode switch has a series parasitic resistance of 4 ⁇ , and the conduction loss is about 0.3 dB in the 5 GHz band.
- the eyes of the present invention Sufficiently low loss characteristics are obtained in. Therefore, even when driving the variable slot antenna of the present invention as arranged ideal sweep rate Tutsi elements ignore this value, antenna The deterioration of characteristics such as radiation efficiency is negligible. That is, the selective conduction path used in the present invention can be easily realized by a general circuit technique.
- variable slot antenna of the present invention can change the main beam direction depending on the slot formation direction. In other words, if the direction facing the open end of the slot from the feeding point is made slightly downward, the main beam direction of the radiated electromagnetic wave can be oriented slightly downward.
- the shape of the variable slot antenna of the present invention is not necessarily mirror-symmetric.
- the slot width Ws (that is, the distance between the first ground conductor 101a and the second ground conductor 101b) is negligible compared to the slot resonator length Ls.
- the slot length Ls is set to a quarter effective wavelength near the center frequency fO of the operating band. If the slot width Ws is wider than the slot resonator length Ls (in general, if Ws exceeds (Ls / 8)), the slot length (Ls X 2 + Ws) considering the slot width is f 0 In this case, it should be set so as to correspond to a half effective wavelength.
- the slot resonator length Ls is defined as the distance from the selective conduction path (119 or 121) that is conducted to the opening 111 across the feeding line 115 and the feeding point 113.
- Ls is fed from the switch 121 closest to the feed line 115 to the feed line 115 and the feed line. It is defined as the distance to the opening 111 across the point 113.
- the shape of the slot area needs to be rectangular.
- the boundary line with the grounding conductor region can be replaced with an arbitrary straight line or curved shape.
- the shape of the slot region may be a structure in which the slot width is tapered near the open end. In the vicinity of the upper limit frequency of the operating band, the beam width is determined by the radiation aperture surface of the antenna. Therefore, widening the slot width near the open end makes it easy to realize a high-gain directional beam.
- the main slot region that is, each of the substantially rectangular first ground conductor 101a and second ground conductor 101b. If one of the four sides has a small concavity and convexity on the opposite side), the effect of adding an IJ inductance directly to the main slot area can be obtained, and the slot length can be effectively shortened and the circuit size can be reduced. A preferable effect is obtained. Further, even with a variable slot antenna structure in which the slot width of the main slot region is narrowed and bent into a meander shape or the like, the main beam direction switching effect can be obtained by the driving method of the present invention.
- Broadband matching characteristics can be obtained by grounding the termination point 125 of the feed line 115 via a resistance element. Similarly, it is possible to gradually widen the line width of the feeder line 115 near the termination point 125 and make the shape of the termination point radial to obtain a broadband matching characteristic.
- the feeder line 115 is disposed on the outermost surface of the dielectric substrate 103, and the ground conductor 101 is disposed on the outermost surface of the dielectric substrate 103.
- FIG. 18 (b) a cross-sectional view of another form is used, either by using a multi-layer substrate or the like, either the feed line 115, the ground conductor 101, or Both of them may be arranged on the inner layer surface of the dielectric substrate 103.
- FIG. 18 (c) there is no need to limit the conductor wiring surface functioning as the ground conductor 101 to the feeder line 115 within the structure.
- variable slot antenna driving method of the present invention can achieve the same effect even in a variable slot antenna having a strip line structure that is not limited to a variable slot antenna having a microstrip line structure.
- a variable slot antenna of Example 1 was produced as shown in a schematic perspective view from the top in FIG.
- the dielectric substrate 103 an FR4 substrate having a total thickness of 0.5 mm was used.
- a feed line pattern and a ground conductor pattern with a thickness of 20 microns were formed on the front and back surfaces of the substrate, respectively, using copper wiring.
- Each wiring pattern was formed by removing a part of the metal layer by wet etching, and the surface was gold-plated with a thickness of 1 micron. Even when the outer edge portion 105 of the ground conductor 101 is closest to the end face of the dielectric substrate 103, the wiring margin is set so that 0.1 mm is inside the end face.
- the ground conductor pattern is indicated by a dotted line
- the feed line pattern is indicated by a solid line.
- a high-frequency connector was connected to the input terminal 109, and the fabricated antenna and measurement system were connected via a feed line 115 having a characteristic impedance equivalent to 50 ⁇ .
- a loop wiring 209 is introduced where the feed line 115 intersects the slot region 109.
- the loop wiring 209 is a square loop wiring having a side a2 and a line width W2.
- a variable slot antenna having a feed configuration that intersects with the slot region 109 while maintaining the line width W1 of the characteristic impedance of 50 ⁇ without introducing the loop wiring 209 is referred to as Comparative Example 1.
- the ground conductor 101 was separated at the center to form a slot region 109 sandwiched between finite ground conductor regions 101a and 101b, and two selective conduction paths 119 and 121 across the slot region 109 were set.
- a commercially available gallium arsenide PIN diode was used as the high-frequency switch element in the selective conduction path.
- the used PIN diode had a insertion loss of 0.3 dB at 5 GHz and a separation factor of 25 dB at 5 GHz when it was open.
- a bias circuit was connected to the ground conductor region 101b via an lk ⁇ resistance element to realize bias power supply to the diode.
- Example 1 shown in Fig. 19 are shown in Table 2 for comparison with the structural parameters of Comparative Example 1. I stopped.
- the selective conduction path 119 is conducted, and the selective conduction path 121 is opened, thereby obtaining radiation in the plus X direction in the coordinate system in the figure in a wide frequency band.
- FIG. 19 corresponds to a structural schematic diagram in the first driving state.
- the selective conduction path 119 is opened, and the selective conduction path 121 is conducted to emit radiation in the minus X direction. Obtained in a wide frequency band.
- the reflection characteristics in the first driving state are shown in FIG. 20, and compared with the reflection characteristics in Comparative Example 1 in the same first driving state.
- the frequency band where a favorable reflection characteristic value of minus 10 dB or less can be obtained is 2.7 GHz power 4.3 GHz in Comparative Example 1, while 2.3 GHz power 4.7 GHz in Example 1.
- both the low-frequency side and the high-frequency side improved significantly.
- the comparison example 1 was 45%, while the example 1 was improved to 68.6%.
- the second driving state similar reflection characteristics were obtained in almost the same frequency band.
- the radiation characteristics at 2.5 GHz and 4.5 GHz in the first and second driving states are shown in Fig. 21 (a) and Shown in (b). Shown is the radiation directivity in the XZ plane in the coordinate system in FIG.
- si indicates the radiation directivity in the first driving state
- s2 indicates the radiation directivity in the second driving state.
- Example 2 a variable slot antenna of Example 2 was manufactured as shown in a schematic perspective view from the top in FIG.
- the structural parameters of Example 2 are summarized in Table 3.
- the feed line 115 having a region length of t4 from the open end portion 125 was replaced with the inductive resonator region 127, and two square loop wires 209 were connected in series and introduced therein.
- the central part of the inductive resonator region 127 is made to correspond to the slot feeding point.
- FIG. 23 shows the reflection characteristics of Example 2 in the first driving state.
- Example 2 a good return loss value of ⁇ 10 dB or less in the frequency band from 2.6 GHz to 8.8 GHz is obtained. I was able to gain S. The above band corresponds to a wide band characteristic of 108% when converted to a specific band, and the specific band of 65% achieved in the first driving state of Comparative Example 2 which is a variable slot antenna when no loop wiring is introduced. It was a significantly superior value. Also, almost the same reflection characteristics were obtained in the second driving state. The radiation characteristics at 3 GHz, 6 GHz, and 9 GHz in the first driving state and the second driving state of Example 2 are shown in FIGS. 24 (a), (b), and (c), respectively.
- si indicates the radiation directivity in the first driving state
- s2 indicates the radiation directivity in the second driving state.
- the reflection characteristics are almost the same in two states, and the same and good reflection characteristics are obtained in a wide frequency band, and the main beam direction is set in the same direction in a wide frequency band.
- the main beam direction was able to be switched to be almost completely mirror-symmetrical in two states.
- variable slot antenna of the present invention can realize a dramatic switching function of the main beam direction collectively while maintaining the main beam direction within the operation band while having a small circuit occupation area. It was proved.
- variable slot antenna expands the operation band without increasing the circuit occupation area, maintains the identity of the main beam direction within the operation band, and performs a dramatic switching function of the main beam direction collectively. Therefore, it is possible to realize a high-function terminal with a simple configuration that could not be realized without installing a plurality of large-band antennas.
- the variable slot antenna of the present invention contributes to the realization of a short-range wireless communication system that uses a much wider frequency band than conventional ones.
- a small antenna having variability can be introduced even in a system that requires ultra-wideband frequency characteristics such as wireless transmission and reception of digital signals.
- a directional variable slot antenna having a dielectric substrate (103),
- a ground conductor (101) having a finite area and a slot region (109) are formed,
- the slot region (109) connects the ground conductor (101) to the first ground conductor (101a) and the first ground conductor (101a). And divided into two areas consisting of the second ground conductor (101b)
- Open ends (11 la, 11 lb) are formed at both ends of the slot region (109),
- a group of conductive paths (119, 121) are arranged,
- a feeding line (115) intersecting with the slot region (109) is arranged at a feeding point (113) near the longitudinal center of the slot region (109).
- the two selective conduction path groups (119, 121) are composed of a first selective conduction path (119) and a second selective conduction path (121).
- the first selective conduction path (119) and the second selective conduction path (121) are seen in a transmission plan view that is transmitted through the directional variable slot antenna from the normal direction of the dielectric substrate (103). At this time, the feeder line (115) is sandwiched between them.
- the slot resonator length Ls is defined as the distance between the first selective conduction path (119) and the open end (111b) positioned at the tip in the X direction of the slot region (109).
- the slot width Ws is set to the distance between the first ground conductor (101a) and the second ground conductor (101b)
- the Ls is set to have the same length as the quarter effective wavelength with respect to the center frequency fO of the operating band
- the main beam is emitted (123a), and in the second state, the first selective conduction path (119) is selected to be open, and the second selective conduction path (121) is selected to be conduction. By doing so, the main beam is emitted (123b) in the X direction.
- a branch line group (115a, 115b) including two or more branch lines is once branched, and two or more branch lines (115a, 115b) in the branch line group are connected to the second line near the slot (109).
Landscapes
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
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JP2007554779A JP4131985B2 (ja) | 2006-05-25 | 2007-05-23 | 可変スロットアンテナ及びその駆動方法 |
CN200780008962XA CN101401258B (zh) | 2006-05-25 | 2007-05-23 | 可变缝隙天线和其驱动方法 |
US12/179,096 US7535429B2 (en) | 2006-05-25 | 2008-07-24 | Variable slot antenna and driving method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2006-144800 | 2006-05-25 | ||
JP2006144800 | 2006-05-25 |
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US12/179,096 Continuation US7535429B2 (en) | 2006-05-25 | 2008-07-24 | Variable slot antenna and driving method thereof |
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WO2007138960A1 true WO2007138960A1 (ja) | 2007-12-06 |
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PCT/JP2007/060551 WO2007138960A1 (ja) | 2006-05-25 | 2007-05-23 | 可変スロットアンテナ及びその駆動方法 |
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US (1) | US7535429B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4131985B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101401258B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007138960A1 (ja) |
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US20100156600A1 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-24 | Mark Duron | Method and System for a Broadband Impedance Compensated Slot Antenna (BICSA) |
CA2741152A1 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-11-25 | Intelligent Mechatronic Systems Inc. | Wideband l-shaped circular polarized monopole slot antenna |
US8923528B2 (en) | 2010-08-30 | 2014-12-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Hearing aid-compatible apparatus for wireless communication devices |
FR2958805A1 (fr) * | 2010-10-11 | 2011-10-14 | Thomson Licensing | Antenne planaire compacte |
TWI532258B (zh) * | 2011-10-04 | 2016-05-01 | 國立交通大學 | 無接觸式共振器耦合之天線裝置及其方法 |
EP2631991B1 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2015-01-21 | Tata Consultancy Services Limited | Microstrip antenna |
TWI594504B (zh) * | 2013-04-22 | 2017-08-01 | 群邁通訊股份有限公司 | 無線通訊裝置 |
TWI536660B (zh) * | 2014-04-23 | 2016-06-01 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 通訊裝置及其多天線系統設計之方法 |
KR20170032498A (ko) * | 2015-09-13 | 2017-03-23 | 주식회사 아이엠텍 | 휴대 단말기 |
CN106025562B (zh) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-06-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种具有耦合抑制窄带的缝隙天线 |
EP4191789A1 (en) | 2016-12-14 | 2023-06-07 | Fitbit, Inc. | Methods for slot antenna design for wearable electronic devices and conductive housings |
EP3367505B1 (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2019-06-26 | ProAnt AB | Antenna arrangement and a device comprising such an antenna arrangement |
JP6401835B1 (ja) * | 2017-08-07 | 2018-10-10 | 株式会社ヨコオ | アンテナ装置 |
CN111279553B (zh) * | 2017-11-07 | 2022-04-15 | Agc株式会社 | 天线和车辆用窗玻璃 |
CN114792888B (zh) * | 2022-05-11 | 2024-08-09 | 领翌技术(横琴)有限公司 | 天线和电子设备 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101401258B (zh) | 2012-10-10 |
US7535429B2 (en) | 2009-05-19 |
CN101401258A (zh) | 2009-04-01 |
JPWO2007138960A1 (ja) | 2009-10-08 |
US20090021439A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
JP4131985B2 (ja) | 2008-08-13 |
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