WO2006136087A1 - Procede de preparation de la pregabaline et de son intermediaire et intermediaire - Google Patents

Procede de preparation de la pregabaline et de son intermediaire et intermediaire Download PDF

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WO2006136087A1
WO2006136087A1 PCT/CN2006/001362 CN2006001362W WO2006136087A1 WO 2006136087 A1 WO2006136087 A1 WO 2006136087A1 CN 2006001362 W CN2006001362 W CN 2006001362W WO 2006136087 A1 WO2006136087 A1 WO 2006136087A1
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acid
process according
isobutyl
water
preparation
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PCT/CN2006/001362
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French (fr)
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Guisen Zhang
Xiangping Yang
Yanqin Ma
Shaohua Shi
Lian Duan
Yongchao Zhu
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Nhwa Pharma. Corporation
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C227/00Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C227/12Formation of amino and carboxyl groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/80Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D211/84Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/86Oxygen atoms
    • C07D211/88Oxygen atoms attached in positions 2 and 6, e.g. glutarimide

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for preparing anti-epileptic and anti-neuropathic drugs, pregabalin and an intermediate thereof, and the intermediate. Background technique
  • the compound S-(+)-3-isobutyl Y-aminobutyric acid has been used clinically as an antiepileptic and neuropathic drug.
  • the preparation of this compound has been reported in many literatures.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that the synthetic route is relatively long, and the separation operation of the intermediate is relatively complicated.
  • the intermediate and the chiral resolving agent form a viscous transition, which is very difficult to separate from the solvent.
  • the filtration and washing of the chiral intermediate must be carried out at a low temperature; and the solvent used for the resolution is more toxic.
  • the final step involves chiral synthesis, but the strong basicity of Hoffmann rearrangement causes the optically resolved intermediates to be resolved, and the resulting pregabalin baking point and optical purity are not ideal.
  • the melting point of pregabalin prepared by the inventors of the present application according to the method was 176-178 ° C, and the purity by chiral HPLC analysis was 98%.
  • Pregabalin has been developed into a marketed pharmaceutical product, and there is an urgent need for a synthetic method that is simple to operate, cost-effective, suitable for large-scale production, and that ensures the quality of the final product.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to develop a method for preparing S-(+)-3-isobutyl Y-aminobutyric acid (pregabalin), which requires not only simple operation (no special reagents, special equipment, The reaction conditions are mild and the solvent which is more toxic is not used), the product is easy to separate (the intermediate or the final product is difficult to separate, the intermediate product and the final product are easily separated from the reaction solvent or the recrystallization solvent), and the cost is reasonable (used They are all cheap and readily available raw materials, and are suitable for industrial production.
  • the cyclization reaction is carried out at a temperature ranging from about 100 to 200 ° C, preferably from about 150 to 180 ° C, and the reaction time is not lower than about 2 hours.
  • the nitrogen-containing reagent is selected from the group consisting of ammonia water, basic ammonium salt, urea, and thiourea.
  • the basic ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydrogencarbonate and ammonium acetate.
  • the molar ratio of 3-isobutylglutaric acid to the nitrogen-containing reagent is 1 : 1-4, preferably 1 : 1.5-3, more preferably 1 : 2-2.5
  • the preparation method may further comprise the step of: generating 3-isobutylglutarimide with a linear or branched alcohol of C Cs
  • the solution was mixed with water to recrystallize.
  • the linear or branched alcohol of C Cs is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and n-butanol, and the weight ratio of the linear or branched alcohol to water of 2 is 1-1:2.
  • a process for preparing 3-isobutyl-y-aminobutyric acid comprising the following steps: a) obtaining 3-isobutylglutarimide (I) according to the above method; as well as
  • the compound (I) and the base are dissolved in water to form an alkaline solution at a temperature of 30 to 80 ° C, preferably 40 to 60 °, and then the alkaline solution is added to an alkaline aqueous solution of hypohalite.
  • the base is selected from the group consisting of hydroxides, carbonates and hydrogencarbonates of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, preferably sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
  • the hypohalite is selected from the group consisting of sodium hypobromite, sodium hypochlorite, sodium hypoiodate, preferably sodium hypobromite or sodium hypochlorite.
  • the acid used in the step b) for neutralization is selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid, preferably sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
  • a process for the preparation of pregabalin S-(+)-3-isobutyl Y-aminobutyric acid comprising the steps of: a) preparing according to the method of the invention as described above 3- Isobutyl-y-aminobutyric acid, and
  • the present invention includes an intermediate 3-isobutylglutarimide for preparing pregabalin, that is, a compound represented by the following formula (I).
  • the method for producing 3-isobutylglutarimide represented by the formula (I) comprises the step of performing a cyclization reaction with a nitrogen-containing reagent with 3-isobutylglutaric acid (II).
  • the nitrogen-containing reagent is selected from the group consisting of ammonia water, basic ammonium salt, urea, and thiourea, preferably urea.
  • the molar ratio of 3-isobutylglutaric acid to nitrogen-containing reagent is 1:1-4; the basic ammonium salt is selected from ammonium hydrogencarbonate and ammonium acetate; and the cyclization reaction temperature ranges from about 100 to 20 (TC.
  • the molar ratio of 3-isobutylglutaric acid to the nitrogen-containing reagent is 1: 1.5-3; the cyclization reaction temperature ranges from 150 to 180 ° C ; After the cyclization reaction of the glutaric acid with the nitrogen-containing reagent, the resulting 3-isobutylglutarimide is recrystallized from a mixed solution of a linear or branched alcohol of C ⁇ Cs and water.
  • the cyclization reaction time may vary depending on the nitrogen-containing agent used, but is usually not lower than 2 hours.
  • the molar ratio of 3-isobutylglutaric acid to the nitrogen-containing reagent is 1: 2-2.5;
  • the C ⁇ Cs linear or branched alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol and ethanol. Isopropanol and n-butanol, and the weight ratio of linear or branched alcohol and water of Cr ⁇ Cs is 2: 1-1: 2.
  • the 3-isobutylglutarimide represented by the formula (I) can be used for the preparation of the pregabalin intermediate 3-isobutyl-Y-aminobutyric acid. Therefore, the present invention also relates to a process for preparing the pregabalin intermediate 3-isobutyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid, comprising the steps of: a) obtaining 3-isobutylpentyl according to the method of the present invention as described above Diimide (I) ;
  • Hrfmann weight is carried out in the presence of a base with 3-isobutylglutarimide (I) and hypohalite at a temperature of 0 to 100 ° C, preferably 0 to 30 ° C, more preferably 10 to 20 Torr.
  • the reaction was carried out and then neutralized with an acid to obtain 3-isobutylaminobutyric acid.
  • step b) is carried out by adding water to dissolve the compound (I) and the base, the dissolution temperature is 30 to 80 Torr, and the molar ratio of the compound of the formula (I) to the base is 1 : 1-2;
  • the alkali solution containing the compound ( I ) is added to the alkaline aqueous solution of the hypohalite salt, and subjected to a Hofmann rearrangement reaction, the reaction temperature is 0 to 30 ° C, and the amount of the hypohalite is used in the molar amount.
  • the hypohalite is selected from sodium hypobromite, sodium hypochlorite and sodium hypoiodate;
  • the base used in the rearrangement reaction is selected from the group consisting of hydroxides of monovalent or divalent metals, carbon
  • the acid used for acid neutralization is selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid.
  • the base used in the Hofmarm rearrangement reaction of step b) is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and the compound (I) is dissolved in the lye at a temperature of 40 to 60 °C.
  • hypohalite is selected from sodium hypochlorite and secondary Sodium bromate
  • the acid used for acid neutralization is selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid
  • the rearrangement reaction temperature is 10 to 2 (TC.
  • the compound (I) is dissolved at a certain temperature.
  • the base may be a hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate of a monovalent or divalent metal, preferably sodium hydroxide.
  • the dissolution temperature is about 30 to 80 ° C, preferably about 40 to 60 ° C. If the dissolution temperature is too low, it is difficult to dissolve, and when the dissolution temperature is too high, 3-isobutylglutarimide is easily opened.
  • the hypohalite used may be sodium hypochlorite, sodium hypobromite or sodium hypoiodate, preferably sodium hypochlorite or sodium hypobromite, wherein sodium hypochlorite is commercially available and sodium hypobromite is conventionally prepared.
  • the molar amount of alkali in the hypohalite solution is calculated to be 1 to 2 times that of the hypochlorite, and the concentration ratio of the hypohalite solution may be 10 to 20%.
  • the temperature of the Hofmann rearrangement reaction is from about 0 to 100 ° C, preferably from about 0 to 30 ° C, most preferably from about 10 to 2 (TC.
  • the acid used for acid neutralization may be sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, etc., preferably sulfuric acid.
  • Hydrochloric acid is most preferably hydrochloric acid.
  • the invention further relates to a process for the preparation of pregabalin, i.e., S-(+)-3-isobutyl Y-aminobutyric acid (IV), which comprises preparing a compound 3-isobutyl Y- according to the process of the invention Aminobutyric acid (111) is then resolved by a chiral reagent such as S-mandelic acid to give the desired pregabalin.
  • a process for the preparation of pregabalin i.e., S-(+)-3-isobutyl Y-aminobutyric acid (IV), which comprises preparing a compound 3-isobutyl Y- according to the process of the invention
  • Aminobutyric acid (111) is then resolved by a chiral reagent such as S-mandelic acid to give the desired pregabalin.
  • the method for preparing S-(+)-3-isobutyl Y-aminobutyric acid (pregabalin) of the present invention has three types of advantages - 1)
  • the method is simple and convenient to operate, and does not require special reagents such as butyl lithium, and does not require special Equipment, such as water-repellent reactor or low-temperature reaction tank, etc., the reaction conditions are mild, especially no more toxic solvents, such as chloroform, benzene; 2)
  • the cost is reasonable, and the method of the present invention is a raw material which is inexpensive and readily available. Therefore, the method according to the invention is very suitable for industrial production.
  • Example 1 The cost is reasonable, and the method of the present invention is a raw material which is inexpensive and readily available. Therefore, the method according to the invention is very suitable for industrial production.
  • Ethyl cyanoacetate (187.2 g, 1.65 mol), isovaleraldehyde (156.3 g, 1.81 mol) and 210 ml of n-hexane, n-propylamine (1.65 g, 1.62 mmol) were placed in a reaction flask, and water was refluxed until no water The solvent was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. Diethyl phthalate (317.1 g, 1.98 mol) and n-dipropylamine (16.8 g, 165 mmol) were added, stirred at 50 ° C for 1 hour, and then poured into 900 ml of 6N hydrochloric acid.
  • sodium bisulfite can be added to remove excess sodium hypochlorite, ⁇ hydrochloric acid is neutralized to pH 7, cooled to 0 ° C, filtered, washed with a small amount of water, washed with isopropanol, and finally with isopropanol-water (1: 1) Recrystallization, 72.0 g of 3-isobutyl- ⁇ -aminobutyric acid (yield 76.6%), melting point 168-169 °C.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Description

普瑞巴林及其中间体的制备方法和所述中间体 技术领域
本发明涉及抗癫痫及治疗神经痛的药物普瑞巴林 (pregabalin) 及其中间体的制备方法 和所述中间体。 背景技术
化合物 S-(+)-3-异丁基 Y -氨基丁酸(普瑞巴林)作为抗癫痫及治疗神经痛的药物, 已在 临床上使用。 有关该化合物的制备在许多文献中都有报道。
Yuen PW等在 Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters [ 1994, 4 (6) 823— 826] 中公 开一种制备普瑞巴林的方法。 但该方法具有以下缺陷: 合成路线较长, 在反应中使用昂贵 的丁基锂, 反应条件苛刻, 难以实现工业化生产。
Marvin S. Hoekstra等在 Organic Process Research & Development ( 1997 , 1 , 26— 38)中 公开了几种制备 S-(+)-3-异丁基 Υ -氨基丁酸的方法, 其中一个法是采用 3-异丁基戊二酸脱 水环合, 然后氨水幵环得 3-酰氨甲基 -5-甲基已酸, 手性拆分后, 经 Hofmann重排制得普瑞 巴林, 其合路线如下:
Figure imgf000003_0001
普 瑞 木
该方法的缺点是合成路线相对较长, 中间体的拆分操作较为繁锁。 另外, 该方法中的 中间体与手性拆分剂形成粘稠状的过渡物, 从溶剂中分离出来非常困难。 另外, 手性中间 体的过滤、 洗涤均须在低温下进行; 且拆分所用的溶剂一氯仿毒性较大。 最后一步涉及手 性合成, 但 Hoffmann重排的强碱性使已拆分的中间体旋光改变, 得到的普瑞巴林焙点、 光 学纯度均不理想。 本申请发明人按照该方法制得的普瑞巴林的熔点为 176-178°C, 且手性 HPLC分析的纯度为 98%。
普瑞巴林已开发成上市药物产品, 迫切需要一种操作简便、 成本合算、 适于大规模生 产且能确保终产品质量的合成方法。
本发明要解决的技术问题是研发一种制备 S-(+)-3-异丁基 Y -氨基丁酸(普瑞巴林)的方 法, 该方法要求不仅操作简便 (无需特殊试剂、 特殊设备、 反应条件温和且未使用毒性较 大的溶剂), 产物易分离(无难分离的中间体或终产物, 中间产物和终产物均易从反应溶剂 或重结晶溶剂中分离)、 成本合算 (使用的均是价廉易得的原料), 而且适于工业化生产。
发明内容
因此, 根据本发明的一个方面, 其提供式 ( I ) 表示的 3-异丁基戊二酰亚胺。
Figure imgf000004_0001
- ( I )
根据本发明的另一个方面, 其提供上述式 ( I )表示的 3-异丁基戊二酰亚胺的制备方 法, 包括 3—异丁基戊二酸与含氮试剂进行环合反应的步骤。 该环合反应是在约 100~200°C 的温度范围内实施, 该温度范围优选为约 150~180°C, 而且反应时间不低约 2小时。
在根据本发明的制备方法中, 所述含氮试剂选自氨水、 碱性铵盐、 尿素和硫脲。 所述 碱性铵盐选自碳酸氢铵和乙酸铵。 3—异丁基戊二酸与所述含氮试剂的摩尔比为 1 : 1-4, 体 选为 1 : 1.5-3, 更优选为 1 : 2-2.5
该制备方法还可包括以下步骤:所生成的 3-异丁基戊二酰亚胺用 C Cs的直链或支链醇 和水混合溶液重结晶。 所述 C Cs的直链或支链醇选自甲醇、 乙醇、 异丙醇和正丁醇, 而且 所述 〜 的直链或支链醇和水的重量比为 2: 1-1: 2。
根据本发明的再一个方面, 其提供制备 3-异丁基 - y -氨基丁酸的方法, 包括如下步骤; a)根据上述方法制得 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺 ( I ); 以及
b) 在碱存在下, 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺 ( I ) 与次卤酸盐在 0~100°C、 优选 0~30°C、 更优选 10 20Ό的温度下进行 Hofmann重排反应, 然后用酸中和, 制得 3—异丁基 氨基 丁酸。 在该方法中, 所述化合物 ( I ) 与碱的摩尔比为 1 : 1~2。
具体而言, 在 30— 80°C、 优选 40— 60Ό的温度下将所述化合物 ( I )和碱溶于水中形 成碱性溶液, 然后该碱性溶液加入次卤酸盐的碱性水溶液中。 所述碱选自碱金属或碱土金 属金属的氢氧化物、 碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐, 优选为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。 所述次卤酸盐选自 次溴酸钠、 次氯酸钠、 次碘酸钠, 优选为次溴酸钠或次氯酸钠。
步骤 b)中用于中和的所述酸选自硫酸、 盐酸、 醋酸和草酸, 优选为硫酸或盐酸。
根据本发明的又一个方面,其提供制备普瑞巴林 S-(+)-3-异丁基 Y -氨基丁酸的方法,包 括如下步骤- a) 根据如上所述的本发明方法制备 3-异丁基 - y -氨基丁酸, 以及
b) 用手性试剂如 S—扁桃酸进行拆分得到 S-(+)-3-异丁基 - y -氨基丁酸。 具体实施方式
本发明包括一种用于制备普瑞巴林的中间体一 3-异丁基戊二酰亚胺, 即、 以下式 ( I ) 表示的化合物。
Figure imgf000005_0001
根据本发明的制备式( I )所示的 3-异丁基戊二酰亚胺的方法包括用 3—异丁基戊二酸 (II) 与含氮试剂进行环合反应的步骤。 该制备方法中, 含氮试剂选自氨水、 碱性铵盐、 尿 素和硫脲, 优选尿素。 3—异丁基戊二酸与含氮试剂摩尔比为 1 : 1-4; 碱性铵盐选自碳酸氢 铵和乙酸铵; 而所述环合反应温度范围约 100~20(TC。
在本发明方法的一个实施方案中, 3—异丁基戊二酸与含氮试剂的摩尔比为 1 : 1.5-3; 所述环合反应温度范围至 150〜180°C ; 3—异丁基戊二酸与含氮试剂经环合反应后, 生成的 3_异丁基戊二酰亚胺用 C^Cs的直链或支链醇和水混合溶液重结晶。
环合反应时间可视所用的含氮剂不同而不同, 但通常不低 2小时。
在本发明方法的另一个实施方案中, 3—异丁基戊二酸与含氮试剂的摩尔比为 1 : 2-2.5; 所述 C^Cs的直链或支链醇选自甲醇、 乙醇、 异丙醇和正丁醇, 而 Cr^Cs的直链或支链醇和 水的重量份比为 2: 1-1: 2。
该式( I )表示的 3-异丁基戊二酰亚胺可用于制备普瑞巴林中间体 3-异丁基 - Y -氨基丁 酸。 , 因此,本发明还涉及普瑞巴林中间体 3-异丁基- γ -氨基丁酸的制备方法,包括如下步骤: a) 根据本发明中如上所述的方法制得 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺 ( I ); 以及
b)在碱存在下, 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺 ( I ) 与次卤酸盐在 0~100°C、 优选 0~30°C、 更优选 10〜20Ό的温度下进行 Hrfmann重排反应, 然后用酸中和, 制得 3—异丁基 氨華 丁酸。
在根据本发明的一个实施方案中, 步骤 b)是如下实施的: 向化合物 ( I )与碱中加入 使它们溶解的水, 溶解温度 30〜80Ό, 式 ( I ) 化合物与碱的摩尔比 1 : 1-2; 将含化合物 ( I )的碱溶液加入次卤酸盐的碱性水溶液中, 经 Hofmann重排反应, 反应温度为 0〜30°C , 次卤酸盐所用的量按摩尔数计算为式 ( I ) 化合物的 1〜2倍, 次卤酸盐选自次溴酸钠、 次 氯酸钠和次碘酸钠; 重排反应所用碱选自一价或二价金属的氢氧化物、 碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐; 酸中和所用的酸选自硫酸、 盐酸、 醋酸和草酸。
在根据本发明的另一个实施方案中, 步骤 b)的 Hofmarm重排反应中所用碱选自氢氧 钠和氢氧化钾, 在 40~60°C的温度下将化合物( I )溶于碱液, 次卤酸盐选自次氯酸钠和次 溴酸钠, 酸中和所用的酸选自硫酸和盐酸, 而重排反应温度 10~2(TC。
具体而言, 在根据本发明的方法由 3—异丁基戊二酸 (II) 制得化合物 3—异丁基戊二 酰亚胺 (I) 后, 将化合物 ( I ) 在一定温度下溶于碱液中, 该碱可以是一价或二价金属的 氢氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐, 优选氢氧化钠。溶解温度为约 30~80°C,优选为约 40~60°C,。 如果溶解温度过低则较难溶解, 而溶解温度过髙, 3-异丁基戊二酰亚胺容易开环。
然后, 将化合物( I ) 的碱溶液滴入次卤酸盐的水溶液中, 在一定温度下, 经 Hofmann 重排、 酸中和、 重结晶制得 3—异丁基 Y -氨基丁酸 (111)。 所用次卤酸盐可以是次氯酸钠、 次溴酸钠或次碘酸钠, 优选为次氯酸钠、 次溴酸钠, 其中次氯酸钠为市购、 次溴酸钠为按 常规自制。 次卤酸盐溶液中碱量按摩尔数计算为次氯酸盐的 1~2倍, 次卤酸盐溶液浓度重 量比可为 10~20%。 Hofmann重排反应的温度为约 0—100°C, 优选约 0— 30°C, 最优选约 10 一 2(TC。 酸中和所用酸可以是硫酸、 盐酸、 醋酸、 草酸等, 优选为硫酸、 盐酸, 最优选为 盐酸。
本发明还涉及普瑞巴林, 即、 S- ( + ) -3-异丁基 Y -氨基丁酸 (IV)的制备方法, 其包括 按照本发明的方法制得化合物 3—异丁基 Y -氨基丁酸 (111), 然后手性试剂如 S—扁桃酸拆 分, 得到所希望的普瑞巴林。
本发明的制备 S-(+)-3-异丁基 Y -氨基丁酸 (普瑞巴林) 的方法具有三类优点- 1 ) 该方 法操作简便, 无需特殊试剂, 如丁基锂, 无需特殊设备, 如防水反应器或低温反应槽等, 反应条件温和, 尤其是不用毒性较大的溶剂, 如氯仿、 苯; 2) 本发明制备过程中没有难分 离的中间体或终产物, 所得中间产物和终产物均易从反应溶剂或重结晶溶剂中分离; 3) 成 本合算, 本发明方法使用的均是价廉易得的原料。 因此, 根据本发明的方法非常适于工业 化生产。 实施例
通过下述实施例有助于理解本发明, 但并不限制本发明的内容。
实施例中所涉及原料与试剂均为市售, 其规格及来源为:
异戊醛化学纯 上海至鑫化工有限公司; 氛乙酸乙酯 分析纯 上海化学试剂公司;
丙二酸二乙酯 化学纯 上海三爱思试剂有限公司;
正二丙胺 化学纯 上海业联联合化工有限责任公司;
正己垸分析纯 上海苏懿化学试剂有限公司;
乙酸铵化学纯 上海凌峰化学试剂有限公司;
氨水 (25%) 分析纯 溧阳市东方化学试剂有限公司;
碳酸氢铵 化学纯 上海化学试剂公司;
溴素 工业 上海启迪化工有限公司;
尿素 化学纯 上海凌峰化学试剂有限公司;
S-(+)扁桃酸 工业 一鸣精细化工有限公司; 以及
次氯酸钠 化学纯 上海凌峰化学试剂有限公司。 制备例
3—异丁基戊二酸的制备
氰乙酸乙酯 (187.2 g, 1.65 mol)、 异戊醛 (156.3 g, 1.81 mol)及 210ml正已烷、 正: 丙胺 (1.65 g, 1.62mmol) 置于反应瓶中, 回流分水至无水分出, 减压浓縮溶剂至干。 加入 苯二甲酸二乙酯 (317.1g, 1.98mol) 及正二丙胺 (16.8g, 165mmol), 50°C搅拌 1小时, 然后 倾入 900ml 6N的盐酸中。 回流 72小时, 用冷却甲苯提取, 提取液浓缩至干, 得 3—异丁基 戊二酸(261.9g, 收率 85%)。111^^及11 (KBr〉光谱数据与文献(Organic Process Research & Development 1997, 1, 26-38) 中记载的一致。 实施例 1
1 ) 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺的制备
Figure imgf000009_0001
将 200.0g (1.06mol) 3—异丁基戊二酸和 63.8g (1.06mol)尿素加入 1000ml三口瓶中。 油 浴加热至 160°C, 于 160— 180°C反应 2小时, 再冷却至 90°C。 搅拌下直接加入水 400ml、 乙醇 400π , 可加入活性炭 15g, 再加热回流 30分钟。 趁热过滤, 滤液冷却, 滤除溶液,' 取结晶于 50°C真空干燥, 得 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺 161g (收率 90%), 白色片状结晶, 熔点 137— 138。C。
MS: 125.9, 168.0, 168.9
1H MR (CDC13 ): δ: 8.01 (s, 1H, exchangable with D20), 2.72-2.68 (d, 2H), 2.24-2.21 (d, 2H), 1.67-1.62 (ni, 2H) ,1.28-1.24 (t, 2H), 0.92 (s, 6H)
IR (KBr): 3198, 3088, 2955, 1735, 1686, 1422, 1384, 1291, 1269 cm"1
2) 3—异丁基一 y—氨基丁酸的制备
Figure imgf000009_0002
将 100g (0.59mol) 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺、 200ml去离子水和 28.4g (0.71mol)氢氧化钠 加入至 500ml三口瓶中, 60Ό搅拌 2小时, 冷却备用。 再将 500g 12%次氯酸钠 (0.81mol)水 溶液和 50g氢氧化钠 (1.25mol)加入至 1000ml三口瓶中, 冷却至 10°C, 滴加上述备用液, 滴 加完毕后于 IO-15'C搅拌反应 8小时。如需要, 可加入亚硫酸氢钠除去过量的次氯酸钠, ψ 盐酸中和至 pH 7,冷却至 0°C,过滤,少量水洗,再用异丙醇洗涤,最后用异丙醇一水(1: 1 ) 重结晶, 可得 3—异丁基一 γ—氨基丁酸 72.0g (收率 76.6%), 熔点 168— 169°C。
1H NMR (D20): δ: 0.86-0.90 (m, 6H), 1.21 (t, 2H), 1.62-1.69 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.35 (m, 3H), 2.94-3.00 (m, 2H)
IR (I Br): 2956, 2923, 2897, 2873, 2844, 2775, 2690, 2603, 2210, 1645, 1417, 1369, 1335, 1279 cm-1
3 ) S-(+)-3-异丁基 Y -氨基丁酸 (普瑞巴林) 的制备
50g 3-异丁基、 -氨基丁酸和 600ml 3%水-异丙醇投入反应瓶中,再加入 S-(+)-扁桃酸 75 g, 搅拌, 升温至固体全溶, 然后冷却至室温析出固体, 过滤得白色固体。 将 llg s-(+)-扁 桃酸溶入水-异丙醇(3%) 中加入上述白色固体升温至全溶, 水浴冷却。 过滤得白色针状结 晶, 真空干燥, 得 S-(+)-3-异丁基 Y -氨基丁酸 S-(+)-扁桃酸盐 32g (mp: 132.5-133.5°C)。将此 盐加入四氢呋喃一水的混合液中, 升温至回流使呈悬浊液, 冷却、 过滤, 得白色粉末。 水 一异丙醇重结晶, 真空干燥, 得白色结晶 12g, 手性 HPLC 100%, 熔点: 186-187Ό, 旋光- [ a ]D =+10.67 ( 19°C, 水)。 实施例 2
1 ) 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺的制备
将 200.0g (1.06mol) 3—异丁基戊二酸和 127.7g (2.12mol)尿素加入 1000ml三口瓶中。 油浴加热至 150°C, 于 150—170°C反应 2小时, 再冷却至 80°C。加入水 200ml、 乙醇 400ml 及活性炭 15g, 再加热回流 30分钟, 趁热过滤, 滤液冷却, 过滤, 50°C真空干燥, 可得 3 一异丁基戊二酰亚胺 166g (收率 92.3%), 白色片状结晶, 熔点 137— 138°C。
MS: 125.9, 168.0, 168.9
1HNMR (CDC13): δ: 8.01 (s, 1H, exchangable with D20), 2.72-2.68 (d, 2H), 2.24-2.21 (d, 2H), 1.67-1.62 (m, 2H) ,1.28-1.24 (t, 2H), 0.92 (s, 6H)
IR (KBr): 3198, 3088, 2955, 1735, 1686, 1422, 1384, 1291 , 1269 cm-1 2) 3—异丁基一 Y -氨基丁酸的制备
将 100g (0.59mol) 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺、 200ml去离子水和 47.2g(U8mol)氢氧化钠 加入至 500ml三口瓶中, 40°C搅拌 2小时, 冷却备用, 再将 728gl2%次氯酸钠 (1.18mol)和 47.2g氢氧化钠 (1.18mol)加入至 1000ml三口瓶中, 冷却至 5°C, 滴加上述备用液, 滴加完毕 后于 (MOO搅拌反应 10小时, 加入亚硫酸氢钠除去过量的次氯酸钠, 浓盐酸中和至 pH 7, 冷却至 0Ό , 过滤, 少量水洗, 再用异丙醇洗涤, 再用异丙醇一水 (1: 1 ) 重结晶, 可得 3 一异丁基一 Y -氨基丁酸 70.4g (收率 75%), 熔点 168— 169。。。
1H NMR(D20): δ: 0.86-0.90 (m, 6H), 1.21 (t, 2H), 1.62-1.69 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.35 (m, 3H), 2.94-3.00 (m, 2H)
IR (KBr): 2956, 2923, 2897, 2873, 2844, 2775, 2690, 2603, 2210, 1645, 1417, 1369, 1335, 1279 cm"1 实施例 3
1 ) 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺的制备 .
将 200.0g (1.06mol) 3—异丁基戊二酸和 25%氨水 220g (3.18mol)加入 1000ml三口瓶中 (实验过程中, 由于氨水过量, 尽管有挥发, 但并未影响反应)。 浓缩氨氷至干后, 油浴加 热至 100°C, 反应 2小时, 再冷却至 80°C, 加入水 400ml、 乙醇 200ml及活性炭 15g。 再加 热回流 30分钟, 趁热过滤, 滤液冷却, 过滤, 50°C真空干燥, 可得 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺 164g (收率 91%), 白色片状结晶, 熔点 137— 138°C。
MS: 125.9, 168.0, 168.9
1HNMR(CDC13): δ: 8.01 (s, 1H, exchangable with D20), 2.72-2.68 (d, 2H), 2.24-2.21 (d, 2H), 1.67-1.62 (m, 2H) ,1.28-1.24 (t, 2H), 0.92 (s, 6H)
IR (KBr): 3198, 3088, 2955, 1735, 1686, 1422, 1384, 1291, 1269 cm"1
3—异丁基一 Y -氨基丁酸的制备
将 100g (0.59mol) 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺、 200ml去离子水和 28.4g氢氧化钠 (0.71mol) 加入至 500ml三口瓶中, 50Ό搅拌 2小时, 冷却备用。 再将 300ml去离子水和 80g氢氧化 钠加入至 1000ml三口瓶中, 冷却至 5— 10°C, 滴加 103.8 g (0.65mol)溴素, 滴完后继续搅 拌 30分钟。 在 5— 10Ό下, 滴加上述备用液, 2小时滴加完毕, 10— 20°C搅拌 8小时, 再 用浓盐酸中和, 冷却至 0°C, 过滤, 少量水洗, 再用异丙醇洗涤, 再用异丙醇一水 (1: 1 ) 重结晶, 可得 3—异丁基一 Y -氨基丁酸 75.2g (收率 80.0%), 熔点 168— 169°C。
1H NMR (D20): δ: 0.86-0.90 (m, 6H), 1.21 (t, 2H), 1.62-1.69 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.35 (m, 3H), 2.94-3.00 (m, 2H)
I (KBr): 2956, 2923, 2897, 2873, 2844, 2775, 2690, 2603, 2210, 1645, 1417, 1369, 1335, 1279 cm-1 实施例 4
1 ) 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺的制备
将 200.0g (1.06mol) 3—异丁基戊二酸、 216.2g (2.12mol)醋酐 (分解反应中生成的水, 以利于反应进行)及 163.2g (2.12mol)乙酸铵加入 1000ml三口瓶中。加热回流 4小时后, 浓缩干过量的醋酐和生成的醋酸,再冷却至 90°C。加入水 400ml、乙醇 400ml及活性炭 15g., 再加热回流 30分钟, 趁热过滤, 滤液冷却, 过滤, 50Ό真空干燥, 可得 3—异丁基戊二酰 亚胺 161.8g (收率 90%), 白色片状结晶, 熔点 137— 138°C。
MS: 125.9, 168.0, 168.9
1H MR(CDC13): δ =8.01 (s, 1Η, exchangable with D20), 2.72-2.68 (d, 2H), 2.24-2.2.1 (d, 2H), 1.67-1.62 (m, 2H) ,1.28-1.24 (t, 2H), 0.92 (s, 6H)
IR (KBr): 3198, 3088, 2955, 1735, 1686, 1422, 1384, 1291 , 1269 cm-1
2) 3—异丁基一 y -氨基丁酸的制备
将 100g (0.59mol) 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺、 200ml去离子水和 23.6g氢氧化钠(0.59mol) 加入至 500ml三口瓶中, 80°C搅拌 2小时, 冷却备用。 再将 364g 12%次氯酸钠 (0.59mol) 水溶液和 47.2g氢氧化钠 (l.lSmol) 加入至 1000ml三口瓶中, 冷却至 5°C , 滴加上述备用 液。 滴加完毕后于 30— 40Ό搅拌反应 8小时, 加入亚硫酸氢钠除去过量的次氯酸钠, 浓盐 酸中和至 pH 7, 冷却至 0°C, 过滤, 少量水洗, 再用异丙醇洗涤, 再用异丙醇一水 (1: 1 ) 重结晶, 可得 3—异丁基一 Y -氨基丁酸 69.5g (收率 74%), 熔点 168— 169°C。 实施例 5
1 ) 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺的制备
将 100.0g(0.53mol) 3—异丁基戊二酸和 167.5g(2.1mol) 碳酸氢铵加入 1000ml三口瓶中。 油浴加热至 20CTC, 反应 2小时, 再冷却至 90°C。搅拌下加入水 200ml、 异丙醇 200ml及活 性炭 10g, 再加热回流 30分钟, 趁热过滤, 滤液冷却, 过滤, 50°C真空干燥, 可得 3—异 丁基戊二酰亚胺 80g (收率 89%), 白色片状结晶, 熔点 137— 138°C。
MS: 125.9, 168.0, 168.9
^ NMRCCDCls): δ =8.01 (s, 1Η, exchangable with D20), 2.72-2.68 (d, 2H), 2.24-2.21 (d, 2H), 1.67-1.62 (m, 2H) ,1.28-1.24 (t, 2H), 0.92 (s, 6H)
IR (KBr): 3198, 3088, 2955, 1735, 1686, 1422, 1384, 1291, 1269 cm"1
2) 3—异丁基一 γ -氨基丁酸的制备
将 100g(0.59mol〉3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺、200ml去离子水和 28.4g氢氧化钠加入至 500ml 三口瓶中, 80°C搅拌 2小时, 冷却备用。 再将 500g 12%次氯酸钠和 50g氢氧化钠加入至 1000ml三口瓶中,冷却至 5°C,滴加上述备用液。滴加完毕后于 80— 100Ό搅拌反应 5小时, 加入亚硫酸氢钠除去过量的次氯酸钠, 浓盐酸中和至 pH 7, 冷却至 0Ό, ·过滤, 少量水洗, 再用异丙醇洗涤, 再用异丙醇一水(1: 1 )重结晶, 可得 3—异丁基一 Υ -氨基丁酸 65g (收 率 70%), 熔点 168— 169°C。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 式 ( I ) 表示的 3-异丁基戊二酰亚胺。
Figure imgf000014_0001
( I )
2、 式 ( I )表示的 3-异丁基戊二酰亚胺的制备方法, 其包括 3—异丁基戊二酸与含氮 试剂进行环合反应的步骤。
3、 权利要求 2的制备方法, 其中所述含氮试剂选自氨水、 碱性铵盐、 尿素和硫脲。
4、 权利要求 3的制备方法, 其中所述碱性铵盐选自碳酸氢铵和乙酸铵。
5、权利要求 2— 4之一的制备方法,其中 3—异丁基戊二酸与所述含氮试剂的摩尔比为 1: 1-4, 优选为 1 : 1.5-3, 更优选为 1 : 2-2.5
6、权利要求 2— 5之一的制备方法,其中所述环合反应是在 100~200°C的温度范围内实 施, 该温度范围优选为 150~180°C。
7、 权利要求 2— 6之一的制备方法, 其中所述环合反应的时间不低 2小时。
8、 权利要求 2— 7之一的制备方法, 其还包括以下步骤: 所生成的 3-异丁基戊二酰亚 胺用(^~( 5的直链或支链醇和水混合溶液重结晶。
9、 权利要求 8的制备方法, 其中所述 (^〜 的直链或支链醇选自甲醇、 乙醇、 异丙醇 和正丁醇。 '
10、 权利要求 8或 9的制备方法, 其中所述 (^~(5的直链或支链醇和水的重量比为 2: 1-1: 2。
11、 制备 3-异丁基 氨基丁酸的方法, 其包括如下步骤- a) 根据权利要求 2— 10之一所述的方法制得 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺 ( I ); 以及 b)在碱存在下, 3—异丁基戊二酰亚胺 ( I ) 与次卤酸盐在 0~100°C、 优选 0~30°C、 更优选 10~20°C的温度下进行 Hofmann重排反应, 然后用酸中和, 制得 3—异丁基 氨基 丁酸。
12、 权利要求 11的制备方法, 其中所述化合物 ( I ) 与碱的摩尔比为 1: 1~2。
13、 权利要求 11或 12的制备方法, 其中将所述化合物 ( I ) 和碱溶于水中形成碱性 溶液, 然后该碱性溶液加入次卤酸盐的碱性水溶液中。
14、 权利要求 11一 13之一的制备方法, 其中在 30—80°C、 优选 40^60°C的温度下将 所述化合物 ( I ) 和碱溶于水中。
15、 权利要求 11一 14之一的制备方法, 其中所述次卤酸盐选自次溴酸钠、 次氯酸钠、 次碘酸钠, 优选为次溴酸钠或次氯酸钠。
16、 权利要求 11一 15之一的制备方法, 其中所述碱选自碱金属或碱土金属金属的氢氧 化物、 碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐, 优选为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。
17、 权利要求 11一 16之一的制备方法, 其中所述酸选自硫酸、 盐酸、 醋酸和草酸, 优 选为硫酸或盐酸。
18、 制备普瑞巴林 S-(+)-3-异丁基 y -氨基丁酸的方法, 其包括如下步骤:
a)根据权利要求 11一 17之一所述的方法制备 3-异丁基 - y -氨基丁酸, 以及
b) 用手性试剂进行拆分得到 S-(+ 3-异丁基 - Y -氨基丁酸。
19、 权利要求 18的制备方法, 其中所述手性试剂是 S—扁桃酸。
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US7446220B2 (en) 2005-09-19 2008-11-04 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Asymmetric synthesis of (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid
US7462737B2 (en) 2005-05-10 2008-12-09 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Pregabalin free of isobutylglutaric acid and a process for preparation thereof
US7462738B2 (en) 2006-05-24 2008-12-09 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Processes for the preparation of R-(+)-3-(carbamoyl methyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid and salts thereof
US7488846B2 (en) 2005-04-11 2009-02-10 Teva Pharmaceuical Industries Ltd. Pregabalin free of lactam and a process for preparation thereof
US7619112B2 (en) 2005-05-10 2009-11-17 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Optical resolution of 3-carbamoylmethyl-5-methyl hexanoic acid
US7763749B2 (en) 2005-05-10 2010-07-27 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Method for the preparation of Pregabalin and salts thereof
US8097754B2 (en) 2007-03-22 2012-01-17 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Synthesis of (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methyl hexanoic acid
US8546112B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2013-10-01 Sandoz Ag Process for the stereoselective enzymatic hydrolysis of 5-methyl-3-nitromethyl-hexanoic acid ester
WO2016075082A1 (en) 2014-11-10 2016-05-19 Sandoz Ag Stereoselective reductive amination of alpha-chiral aldehydes using omega-transaminases for the synthesis of precursors of pregabalin and brivaracetam
CN114249687A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-03-29 江西金丰药业有限公司 3-异丁基戊二酰亚胺的合成工艺

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US7417165B2 (en) 2005-04-06 2008-08-26 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Crystalline forms of pregabalin
US7488846B2 (en) 2005-04-11 2009-02-10 Teva Pharmaceuical Industries Ltd. Pregabalin free of lactam and a process for preparation thereof
US7763749B2 (en) 2005-05-10 2010-07-27 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Method for the preparation of Pregabalin and salts thereof
US7462737B2 (en) 2005-05-10 2008-12-09 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Pregabalin free of isobutylglutaric acid and a process for preparation thereof
US7678938B2 (en) 2005-05-10 2010-03-16 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Optical resolution of 3-carbamoylmethyl-5-methyl hexanoic acid
US7619112B2 (en) 2005-05-10 2009-11-17 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Optical resolution of 3-carbamoylmethyl-5-methyl hexanoic acid
US7470812B2 (en) 2005-09-19 2008-12-30 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Chiral 3-carbamoylmethyl-5-methyl hexanoic acids, key intermediates for the synthesis of (S)-Pregabalin
US7973196B2 (en) 2005-09-19 2011-07-05 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Asymmetric synthesis of (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid
US7586005B2 (en) 2005-09-19 2009-09-08 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Asymmetric synthesis of (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid
US7465826B2 (en) 2005-09-19 2008-12-16 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Chiral 3-carbamoylmethyl-5-methyl hexanoic acids, key intermediates for the synthesis of (S)-pregabalin
US8212071B2 (en) 2005-09-19 2012-07-03 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Asymmetric synthesis of (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid
US7687656B2 (en) 2005-09-19 2010-03-30 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Asymmetric synthesis of (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid
US7446220B2 (en) 2005-09-19 2008-11-04 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Asymmetric synthesis of (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid
US7851651B2 (en) 2005-09-19 2010-12-14 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Asymmetric synthesis of (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid
US7923575B2 (en) 2005-09-19 2011-04-12 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited Asymmetric synthesis of (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid
US7960583B2 (en) 2005-09-19 2011-06-14 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Asymmetric synthesis of (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid
US7563923B2 (en) 2005-09-19 2009-07-21 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Chiral 3-carbamoylmethyl-5-methyl hexanoic acids, key intermediates for the synthesis of (S)-Pregabalin
US7462738B2 (en) 2006-05-24 2008-12-09 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Processes for the preparation of R-(+)-3-(carbamoyl methyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid and salts thereof
US8097754B2 (en) 2007-03-22 2012-01-17 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Synthesis of (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methyl hexanoic acid
US8546112B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2013-10-01 Sandoz Ag Process for the stereoselective enzymatic hydrolysis of 5-methyl-3-nitromethyl-hexanoic acid ester
WO2016075082A1 (en) 2014-11-10 2016-05-19 Sandoz Ag Stereoselective reductive amination of alpha-chiral aldehydes using omega-transaminases for the synthesis of precursors of pregabalin and brivaracetam
CN114249687A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-03-29 江西金丰药业有限公司 3-异丁基戊二酰亚胺的合成工艺

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