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  • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• the present invention provides pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-4-yl amines and pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyrimidin-4-yl amines that modulate the activity of Janus kinases and are useful in the treatment of diseases related to activity of Janus kinases including, for example, immune- related diseases, skin disorders, and cancer.
• Cytokines are low-molecular weight polypeptides or glycoproteins that stimulate biological responses in virtually all cell types. For example, cytokines regulate many of the pathways involved in the host inflammatory response to sepsis. Cytokines influence cell differentiation, proliferation and activation, and they can modulate both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses to allow the host to react appropriately to pathogens.
• cytokine binding initiates intracellular signaling cascades that transduce the extracellular signal to the nucleus, ultimately leading to changes in gene expression.
• the pathway involving the Janus kinase family of protein tyrosine kinases (JAKs) and Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) is engaged in the signaling of a wide range of cytokines.
• JAKs fulfill this function.
• Cytokines bind to their receptors, causing receptor dimerization, and this enables JAKs to phosphorylate each other as well as specific tyrosine motifs within the cytokine receptors.
• STATs that recognize these phosphotyrosine motifs are recruited to the receptor, and are then themselves activated by a JAK-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation event.
• STATs dissociate from the receptors, dimerize, and translocate to the nucleus to bind to specific DNA sites and alter transcription (Scott, M. J., C. J. Godshall, et al. (2002).
• JAKl also known as Janus kinase-1
• JAK2 also known as Janus kinase-2
• JAK3 also known as Janus kinase, leukocyte
• JAKL also known as Janus kinase-2
• TYK2 also known as protein-tyrosine kinase 2
• JAK proteins range in size from 120 to 140 kDa and comprise seven conserved JAK homology (JH) domains; one of these is a functional catalytic kinase domain, and another is a pseudokinase domain potentially serving a regulatory function and/or serving as a docking site for STATs (Scott, Godshall et al. 2002, supra).
• JH JAK homology
• JAK3 is reported to be preferentially expressed in natural killer (NK) cells and not resting T cells, suggesting a role in lymphoid activation (Kawamura, M., D. W. Mc Vicar, et al. (1994). "Molecular cloning of L-JAK, a Janus family protein-tyrosine kinase expressed in natural killer cells and activated leukocytes.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(14): 6374-8).
• cytokine-stimulated immune and inflammatory responses contribute to normal host defense, they also play roles in the pathogenesis of diseases: pathologies such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) arise from hypoactivity and suppression of the immune system, and a hyperactive or inappropriate immune / inflammatory response contributes to the pathology of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, asthma and systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as illnesses such as scleroderma and osteoarthritis (Ortmann, R. A., T. Cheng, et al. (2000).
• SCID severe combined immunodeficiency
• Jakl-/- mice are runted at birth, fail to nurse, and die perinatally (Rodig, S. J., M. A. Meraz, et al. (1998). "Disruption of the Jakl gene demonstrates obligatory and nonredundant roles of the Jaks in cytokine-induced biologic responses.” Cell 93(3): 373-83). Jak2-/- mouse embryos are anemic and die around day 12.5 postcoitum due to the absence of definitive erythropoiesis. JAK2-deficient fibroblasts do not respond to IFNgamma, although responses to IFNalpha/beta and IL-6 are unaffected.
• JAK2 functions in signal transduction of a specific group of cytokine receptors required in definitive erythropoiesis (Neubauer, H., A. Cumano, et al. (1998). Cell 93(3): 397-409; Parganas, E., D. Wang, et al. (1998). Cell 93(3): 385-95.). JAK3 appears to play a role in normal development and function of B and T lymphocytes. Mutations of JAK3 are reported to be responsible for autosomal recessive severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in humans (Candotti, F., S. A. Oakes, et al. (1997). "Structural and functional basis for J AK3 -deficient severe combined immunodeficiency.” Blood 90(10): 3996-4003).
• SCID autosomal recessive severe combined immunodeficiency
• the JAK/STAT pathway and in particular all four members of the JAK family, are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of the asthmatic response.
• the inappropriate immune responses that characterize asthma are orchestrated by a subset of CD4+ T helper cells termed T helper 2 (Th2) cells.
• T helper 2 (Th2) cells CD4+ T helper cells termed T helper 2 (Th2) cells.
• Signaling through the cytokine receptor IL-4 stimulates JAKl and JAK3 to activate STAT6, and signaling through IL- 12 stimulates activation of JAK2 and TYK2, and subsequent phosphorylation of STAT4.
• STAT4 and STAT6 control multiple aspects of CD4+ T helper cell differentiation (Pernis, A. B. and P. B. Rothman (2002).
• JAK/STAT pathway and in particular, JAK3, also plays a role in cancers of the immune system.
• human CD4+ T cells acquire a transformed phenotype, an event that correlates with acquisition of constitutive phosphorylation of JAKs and STATs.
• an association between JAK3 and STAT- 1, STAT-3, and STAT-5 activation and cell-cycle progression was demonstrated by both propidium iodide staining and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in cells of four ATLL patients tested.
• JAK/STAT activation is associated with replication of leukemic cells and that therapeutic approaches aimed at JAK/STAT inhibition may be considered to halt neoplastic growth (Takemoto, S., J. C. Mulloy, et al. (1997). "Proliferation of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma cells is associated with the constitutive activation of JAK/STAT proteins.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94(25): 13897-902).
• Cytokines of the interleukin 6 (IL-6) family which activate the signal transducer gpl30, are major survival and growth factors for human multiple myeloma (MM) cells.
• the signal transduction of gp 130 is believed to involve JAKl, JAK2 and Tyk2 and the downstream effectors STAT3 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways.
• JAK2 inhibitor tyrphostin AG490 JAK2 kinase activity and ERK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation were inhibited.
• JAK3 Janus kinase 3
• GVHD graft versus host disease
• JAK3 inhibitor WHI-P- 154 prevented these effects arresting the DCs at an immature level, suggesting that immunosuppressive therapies targeting the tyrosine kinase JAK3 may also affect the function of myeloid cells (Saemann, M. D., C. Diakos, et al. (2003). "Prevention of CD40-triggered dendritic cell maturation and induction of T-cell hyporeactivity by targeting of Janus kinase 3.” Am J Transplant 3(11): 1341-9). In the mouse model system, JAK3 was also shown to be an important molecular target for treatment of autoimmune insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus.
• JAK3 inhibitor JANEX-I exhibited potent immunomodulatory activity and delayed the onset of diabetes in the NOD mouse model of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (Cetkovic-Cvrlje, M., A. L. Dragt, et al. (2003). "Targeting JAK3 with JANEX-I for prevention of autoimmune type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.” Clin Immunol 106(3): 213-25).
• Myeloproliferative disorder includes polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis (MMM), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and systemic mast cell disease (SMCD).
• PV polycythemia vera
• ETD essential thrombocythemia
• MMM myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis
• CML chronic myelogenous leukemia
• CMML chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
• HES hypereosinophilic syndrome
• SMCD systemic mast cell disease
• the myeloproliferative disorder (such as PV, ET and MMM) are thought to be caused by acquired somatic mutation in hematopoietic progenitors, the genetic basis for these diseases has not been known. However, it has been reported that hematopoietic cells from a majority of patients with PV and a significant number of patients with ET and MMM possess a recurrent somatic activing mutation in the JAK2 tyrosine kinase.
• JAK2V617F kinase has also been reported that inhibition of the JAK2V617F kinase with a small molecule inhibtor leads to inhibition of proliferation of hematopoietic cells, suggesting that the JAK2 tyrosine kinase is a potential target for pharmacologic inhibition in patients with PV, ET and MMM.
• Inhibition of the Jak kinases is also envisioned to have therapeutic benefits in patients suffering from skin immune disorders such as psoriasis, and skin sensitization.
• skin immune disorders such as psoriasis, and skin sensitization.
• psoriasis vulgaris the most common form of psoriasis, it has been generally accepted that activated T lymphocytes are important for the maintenance of the disease and its associated psoriatic plaques (Gott Kunststoff, A.B., et al, Nat Rev Drug Disc, 4:19-34).
• Psoriatic plaques contain a significant immune infiltrate, including leukocytes and monocytes, as well as multiple epidermal layers with increased keratinocyte proliferation.
• Jak kinases In light of JAK/STAT pathway, it has also been envisioned that inhibition of the Jak kinases, such as topical or systemic administration of a Jak inhibitor, may prevent or ameliorate the side effects of immune reactions (skin irritation, skin rash, contact dermatitis, allergic contact sensitization, or diarrhea) caused by some other therapeutics.
• the Jak inhibitor can be administered before, during or after the treatment of the other therapeutics to prevent or lessen the side effects.
• Inhibitors of Janus kinases or related kinases are widely sought and several publications report effective classes of compounds. For example, certain inhibitors are reported in US 2004/0198737; WO 2004/099204; WO 2004/099205; and WO 01/42246.
• autoimmune diseases e.g., multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, type I diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, autoimmune thyroid disorders, Alzheimer's disease
• diseases involving a hyperactive inflammatory response e.g., eczema
• allergies e.g., cancer
• cancer e.g., prostate, leukemia, multiple myeloma
• immune reactions e.g., skin rash or contact dermatitis or diarrhea caused by other therapeutics.
• the compounds, compositions and methods described herein are directed toward these and other ends.
• the present invention provides compounds of Formulas I and II:
• compositions comprising Formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the present invention further provides methods of modulating an activity of JAK comprising contacting JAK with a compound of Formula I.
• the present invention further provides methods of treating a disease in a patient, where the disease is associated with JAK activity, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I.
• the present invention further provides compositions for topical administration where the compositions comprise a compound of Formula II and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the present invention further provides methods of treating skin disorders in a patient by topically administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula II.
• the present invention further provides use of a compound of Formula I or Formula II in therapy.
• the present invention further provides use of a compound of Formula I or Formula II for the preparation of a medicament for use in therapy.
• Figure 1 shows systemic and topical activity of a JAK inhibitor in the murine DTH model for dermatitis.
• Figure 2 shows data of the inhibition by a JAK inhibitor of transcriptional changes associated with immune challenged ears in the murine model of DTH.
• the present invention provides, inter alia, compounds of Formula I:
• R 3 R , and R are each, independently, H, halo, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, CN, NO 2 , OR a , SR a , C(O)R b , C(O)NR c R d , C(O)OR ⁇ OC(O)R b , OC(O)NR c R d , NR c R d , NR c C(O)R d , NR c C(O)OR a , S(O)R b , S(O)NR c R d , S(O) 2 R", or S(O) 2 NR Q R d ;
• R 4 is H, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, S(O) 2 R 9 , SOR 9 , cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, wherein said C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl are each optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from halo, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, CN, NO 2 , OR a , SR a , C(0)R b , C(0)NR°R d , C(O)OR 3 , 0C(0)R b , 0C(0)NR c R d , NR c R d , NR°C(0)R d
• L is C 1-4 alkylenyl, C 2-4 alkenylenyl, C 2-4 alkynylenyl, O, S, NR 14 , CO 5 COO, OCO, NR 14 C(O)O 5 CONR 14 , SO 5 SO 2 , SONR 14 , SO 2 NR 14 , OrNR 14 CONR 14 ;
• R 6 is -W ⁇ W ⁇ W ⁇ W ⁇ W ⁇ -R 13 ;
• R 9 is C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from halo, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, CN, NO 2 , OR a' , SR a> , C(O)R b' , C(0)NR° ' R d> , C(O)OR 8' , 0C(0)R b' 5 0C(0)NR c R d' , NR° R d' , NR c' C(0)R d' , NR 0 C(O)OR 3' , S(O)R b> , S(0)NR° ' R d' , S(O) 2 R b' , and S(0) 2
• R 12 and R 14 are each, independently, H or C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from OH, CN, NO 2 , amino, (C 1-4 alkyl)amino, (C 2-8 dialkyl)amino, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 1-6 acyl, C 1-6 acyloxy, C 1-6 acylamino, -(C 1-6 alkyl)-CN, and -(C 1-6 alkyl)-NO 2 ;
• R 13 is halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, CN, NO 2 , 0R a" , SR a" , C(0)R b" , C(0)NR c" R d" , C(O)OR a" , 0C(0)R b" , 0C(0)NR c" R d" , NR° “ R d” , NR c" C(0)R d” , NR° " C(0)0R a” , S(O)R b” , S(O)NR c" R d” , S(O) 2 R b” , S(0) 2 NR NR c”
• R a , R a and R a are each, independently, H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl;
• R b , R b' and R b" are each, independently, H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl;
• R c and R d are each, independently, H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl; or R c and R d together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group;
• R c and R d are each, independently, H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl; or R c and R d together with the N atom to which they are attached form a A-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group; and
• R c and R d are each, independently, H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl; or R° and R d together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group.
• the present invention further provides compounds of Formula II:
• A is N or CR 1 ;
• R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are each, independently, H, halo, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, CN, NO 2 , OR a , SR a , C(O)R b , C(O)NR c R d , C(O)OR 3 , 0C(0)R b , 0C(0)NR c R d , NR c R d , NR c C(0)R d , NR c C(0)0R a 5 S(O)R b , S(O)NR c R d , S(O) 2 R b , or S(O) 2 NR c R d ; R 4 is H 5 C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, S(
• R 5 is 3-8 membered cycloalkyl, 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl, -L-(3-8 membered cycloalkyl), -L-(3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl), each substituted by one R 6 and 0, 1 or 2 R 7 ;
• L is C 1-4 alkylenyl, C 2-4 alkenylenyl, C 2-4 alkynylenyl, O, S, NR 14 , CO, COO, OCO, NR 14 C(O)O, CONR 14 , SO, SO 2 , SONR 14 , SO 2 NR 14 , Or NR 14 CONR 14 ;
• R 6 is -W 1 -W 2 -W 3 -W 4 -W 5 -W 6 -R 13 ;
• R 7 is halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, CN, NO 2 , 0R a" , SR a" , C(0)R b" , C(0)NR c" R d" , C(0)0R a" , OC(O)R b" , OC(O)NR 0 V, NR° " R d" 5 NR Q" C(0)R d" , NR c" C(0)0R a" , S(O)R b” , S(O)NR c" R d" , S(O) 2 R b" , S(0) 2 NR c" R d" ,
• R 9 is C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, each optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from halo, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, CN, NO 2 , 0R a , SR a , C(0)R b' , C(0)NR c' R d> , C(O)OR a' , OC(O)R b' , 0C(0)NR° R d' , NR c R d' , NR c C(O)R d' , NR c' C(0)0R a' , S(O)R b' , S(0)NR c R d' , S(O) 2 R b> , and S(0)
• R 12 and R 14 are each, independently, H or C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from OH, CN, NO 2 , amino, (C 1-4 alkyl)amino, (C 2-8 dialkyl)amino, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 1-6 acyl, C 1-6 acyloxy, C 1-6 acylamino, -(C 1-6 alkyl)-CN, and -(C 1-6 alkyl)-NO 2 ;
• R 13 is halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, CN, NO 2 , 0R a" , SR a" , C(0)R b" , C(0)NR c" R d" , C(0)0R a" , OC(O)R b" , 0C(0)NR c" R d" , NR c" R d" , NR c" C(O)R d” , NR Q" C(0)0R a" , S(O)R b” , S(O)NR° " R d” , S(O) 2 R b" , S(0) 2 NR° " R
• R a , R a and R a are each, independently, H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl;
• R b , R b and R b are each, independently, H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl;
• R c and R d are each, independently, H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl; or R c and R d together with the N atom to which they are attached form a A-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group;
• R c and R d are each, independently, H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl; or R c and R d together with the N atom to which they are attached form a A-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group; and
• R c and R d are each, independently, H, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl; or R° and R d together with the N atom to which they are attached form a A-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group.
• A is CR 1 .
• A is N.
• R 1 is H.
• R is H.
• R 3 is H.
• R 4 is H or C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 4 is methyl.
• R 5 is 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl substituted by one R 6 and 0, 1 or 2 R 7 .
• R 5 is 6-membered heterocycloalkyl substituted by one R 6 and 0, 1 or 2 R 7 .
• R 5 is piperidinyl substituted by one R 6 and 0, 1 or 2 R 7 .
• R 5 is piperidin-3-yl substituted by one R 6 and 0, 1 or 2 R 7 .
• R 6 is substituted on the piperidinyl N-atom.
• R 5 is -L-pyrrolidinyl
• L is C 1-4 alkylenyl
• the pyrrolidinyl is substituted by one R 6 and 0, 1 or 2 R 7 .
• R 5 is -L-pyrrolidin-2-yl
• L is C 1-4 alkylenyl and the pyrrolidin- 2-yl is substituted by one R 6 and 0, 1 or 2 R 7 .
• W 2 is SO 2 , CO, COO, C(S)NR 12 , or CONR 12 .
• W 2 is SO 2 , CO, COO, C(S)NH, CONH or -CON(C 1-4 alkyl)-.
• W 2 is SO 2 or CO.
• W 3 is C 1-4 alkylenyl or cycloalkyl.
• R 13 is halo, Ci -6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, CN, NO 2 , 0R a" , SR a" , C(O)R b" , C(O)NR c" R d” , C(O)OR 3" , OC(O)R b" , 0C(0)NR c" R d" , NR c" R d" , NR c" C(0)R d" , NR c" C(0)0R a" , S(O)R b” , S(O)NR° " R d” , S(O) 2 R b" , S(O)NR
• R 13 is C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, Ci -6 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from:
• R 13 is aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from:
• R 13 is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from:
• R 13 is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halo, CN, OR a" , SR a" , C(O)R b" , C(O)OR a" , NR c" C(O)R d” , S(O) 2 R 15" , and -(C 1-6 alkyl)-CN.
• R 13 is aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halo, CN, OR a" , SR a" , C(O)R b" , C(O)OR 3" , NR c" C(O)R d" , S(O) 2 R b" , and -(C 1-6 alkyl)-CN.
• R 13 is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halo, CN, OH, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 haloalkoxy, heteroaryloxy, aryloxy, -SC 1-6 alkyl, -C(O)-C 1-6 alkyl, -C(O)OC 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -NHC(O)-C 1-6 alkyl, and -(C 1-6 alkyl)-CN.
• R is aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halo, CN, OH, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 haloalkoxy, heteroaryloxy, aryloxy, -SC 1-6 alkyl, -C(O)-C 1-6 alkyl, -C(O)OC 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -NHC(O)-C 1-6 alkyl, and -(C 1-6 alkyl)-CN.
• R 13 is aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halo, CN, OH, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 haloalkoxy, heteroaryloxy, aryloxy, -SC 1-6 alkyl, -C(O)-C 1-6 alkyl, -C(O)OC 1-6 alkyl, -S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -NHC(O)-C 1-6 alkyl, and -(C 1-6 alkyl)-CN.
• R 13 is arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halo, CN, OH, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-4 haloalkoxy, heteroaryloxy, aryloxy, -SC 1-6 alkyl, -C(O)-C 1-6 alkyl, -C(O)OC 1-6 alkyl, - S(O) 2 C 1-6 alkyl, -NHC(O)-C 1-6 alkyl, and -(C 1-6 alkyl)-CN.
• R 13 is OH or CN.
• W is absent, W is CO or SO 2 , W is C 1-4 alkyleneyl or cycloalkyl, W 4 is absent, W 5 is absent, W 6 is absent, and R 13 is CN or OH.
• R 6 is -W 2 -W 3 -R 13 .
• R 6 is -CO-CH 2 -CN.
• R 6 is -W 2 -R 13 .
• R 6 is R 13 .
• R 6 is -W 2 -R 13 ;
• W 2 is SO 2 , CO, COO, C(S)NR 12 , or CONR 12 ;
• R 13 is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from:
• the compounds of formula I of the present invention have the structure of Formula I- A:
• t is O, 1 or 2.
• the compounds of the invention have Formula I-A wherein: W 2 is SO 2 , CO 5 COO 5 C(S)NR 12 , or CONR 12 ;
• R 13 is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from:
• t is O.
• t is 1.
• t is 2.
• the compounds of the present invention have the structure of
• the compounds of the invention have Formula I-B wherein:
• R 13 is C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halo, CN 3 OR a" , SR a" , C(0)R b" , C(O)OR a" , NR c" C(0)R d” , S(O) 2 R b" , and -(Ci -6 alkyl)-CN;
• W 2 is SO 2 , CO, COO, C(S)NH, CONH or -CON(C 1-4 alkyl)-;
• R 4 is C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, S(O) 2 R 9 , SOR 9 , cycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkyl, wherein said C 1-4 alkyl, C 2- 4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl are each optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from halo, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, C 2-4 alkynyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, CN, NO 2 , 0R a , SR a , C(0)R b , C(0)NR c R d , C(0)0R a , 0C(0)R b , 0C(0)NR c R d , NR c R d , NR c C(O
• tl is O.
• tl is 1.
• substituents of compounds of the invention are disclosed in groups or in ranges. It is specifically intended that the invention include each and every individual subcombination of the members of such groups and ranges.
• C 1-6 alkyl is specifically intended to individually disclose methyl, ethyl, C 3 alkyl, C 4 alkyl, C 5 alkyl, and C 6 alkyl.
• each variable can be a different moiety selected from the Markush group defining the variable.
• the two R groups can represent different moieties selected from the Markush group defined for R.
• alkyl is meant to refer to a saturated hydrocarbon group which is straight-chained or branched.
• Example alkyl groups include methyl (Me), ethyl (Et), propyl (e.g., n-propyl and isopropyl), butyl (e.g., n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl), pentyl (e.g., n- pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl), and the like.
• An alkyl group can contain from 1 to about 20, from 2 to about 20, from 1 to about 10, from 1 to about 8, from 1 to about 6, from 1 to about 4, or from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms.
• alkylenyl refers to a bivalent alkyl group.
• alkenyl refers to an alkyl group having one or more double carbon- carbon bonds.
• Example alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, cyclohexenyl, and the like.
• alkenylenyl refers to a bivalent alkenyl group.
• alkynyl refers to an alkyl group having one or more triple carbon- carbon bonds.
• Example alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, and the like.
• alkynylenyl referes to a bivalent alkynyl group.
• haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group having one or more halogen substituents.
• Example haloalkyl groups include CF 3 , C 2 F 5 , CHF 2 , CCl 3 , CHCl 2 , C 2 Cl 5 , and the like.
• aryl refers to monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., having 2, 3 or 4 fused rings) aromatic hydrocarbons such as, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, indanyl, indenyl, and the like. In some embodiments, aryl groups have from 6 to about 20 carbon atoms.
• cycloalkyl refers to non-aromatic carbocycles including cyclized alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups.
• Cycloalkyl groups can include mono- or polycyclic (e.g., having 2, 3 or 4 fused rings) ring systems.
• moieties that have one or more aromatic rings fused (i.e., having a bond in common with) to the cycloalkyl ring, for example, benzo derivatives of pentane, pentene, hexane, and the like.
• One or more ring-forming carbon atoms of a cycloalkyl group can be oxidized, for example, having an oxo or sulfido substituent.
• Example cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptatrienyl, norbornyl, norpinyl, norcarnyl, adamantyl, and the like.
• heteroaryl groups refer to an aromatic heterocycle having at least one heteroatom ring member such as sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen. Heteroaryl groups include monocyclic and polycyclic (e.g., having 2, 3 or 4 fused rings) systems. Any ring-forming N atom in a heteroaryl group can also be oxidized to form an N-oxo moiety.
• heteroaryl groups include without limitation, pyridyl, N-oxopyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, furyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, indolyl, pyrryl, oxazolyl, benzofuryl, benzothienyl, benzthiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, indazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, benzothienyl, purinyl, carbazolyl, benzimidazolyl, indolinyl, and the like.
• the heteroaryl group has from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, and in further embodiments from about 3 to about 20 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group contains 3 to about 14, 3 to about 7, or 5 to 6 ring-forming atoms. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl group has 1 to about 4, 1 to about 3, or 1 to 2 heteroatoms.
• heterocycloalkyl refers to non-aromatic heterocycles containing at least one ring-forming heteroatom such as an O, N, or S atom.
• Heterocycloalkyl groups can include mono- or polycyclic (e.g., having 2, 3 or 4 fused rings) ring systems. Any ring- forming heteroatom or ring-forming carbon atom of a heterocycloalkyl group can also be oxidized by one or two oxo or sulfido substituents.
• heterocycloalkyl groups include morpholino, thiomorpholino, piperazinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, 2,3- dihydrobenzofuryl, 1,3-benzodioxole, benzo-l,4-dioxane, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, and the like.
• heterocycloalkyl moieties that have one or more aromatic rings fused (i.e., having a bond in common with) to the nonaromatic heterocyclic ring, for example phthalimidyl, naphthalimidyl, and benzo derivatives of heterocycles such as indolene and isoindolene groups.
• the heterocycloalkyl group has from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, and in further embodiments from about 3 to about 20 carbon atoms.
• the heterocycloalkyl group contains 3 to about 14, 3 to about 7, or 5 to 6 ring-forming atoms.
• the heterocycloalkyl group has 1 to about 4, 1 to about 3, or 1 to 2 heteroatoms. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl group contains 0 to 3 double bonds. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl group contains 0 to 2 triple bonds.
• halo or halogen includes fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.
• alkoxy refers to an -O-alkyl group.
• Example alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy (e.g., n-propoxy and isopropoxy), t-butoxy, and the like.
• haloalkoxy refers to an -O-haloalkyl group.
• An example haloalkoxy group is OCF 3 .
• aryloxy refers to an -O-aryl group.
• An example aryloxy group is phenoxy.
• heteroaryloxy refers to an -O-heteroaryl group.
• An example heteroaryloxy group is pyridin-2-yloxy or pyridin-3-yloxy.
• amino refers to NH 2 .
• alkylamino refers to an amino group substituted by an alkyl group.
• dialkylamino refers to an amino group substituted by two alkyl groups.
• arylalkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted by an aryl group.
• heteroarylalkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heteroaryl group.
• cycloalkylalkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted by a cycloalkyl group.
• heterocycloalkylalkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heterocycloalkyl group.
• acyl refers to -C(O)-alkyl.
• acyloxy refers to -OC(O)-alkyl.
• acylamino refers to an amino group substituted with an acyl group.
• the compounds described herein can be asymmetric (e.g., having one or more stereocenters). All stereoisomers, such as enantiomers and diastereomers, are intended unless otherwise indicated.
• An example method includes fractional recrystallizaion using a "chiral resolving acid" which is an optically active, salt-forming organic acid.
• Suitable resolving agents for fractional recrystallization methods are, for example, optically active acids, such as the D and L forms of tartaric acid, diacetyltartaric acid, dibenzoyltartaric acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, lactic acid or the various optically active camphorsulfonic acids such as ⁇ -camphorsulfonic acid.
• resolving agents suitable for fractional crystallization methods include stereoisomerically pure forms of ⁇ -methylbenzylamine (e.g., S and R forms, or diastereomerically pure forms), 2-phenylglycinol, norephedrine, ephedrine, N- methylephedrine, cyclohexylethylamine, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, and the like.
• Resolution of racemic mixtures can also be carried out by elution on a column packed with an optically active resolving agent (e.g., dinitrobenzoylphenylglycine).
• an optically active resolving agent e.g., dinitrobenzoylphenylglycine
• Suitable elution solvent composition can be determined by one skilled in the art.
• Compounds of the invention also include tautomeric forms, such as keto-enol tautomers.
• Compounds of the invention can also include all isotopes of atoms occurring in the intermediates or final compounds.
• Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
• isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium.
• phrases "pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgement, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• the present invention also includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds described herein.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refers to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by converting an existing acid or base moiety to its salt form.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods.
• such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, nonaqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred.
• Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1985, p. 1418 and Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 66, 2 (1977), each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• prodrugs refer to any covalently bonded carriers which release the active parent drug when administered to a mammalian subject.
• Prodrugs can be prepared by modifying functional groups present in the compounds in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either in routine manipulation or in vivo, to the parent compounds.
• Prodrugs include compounds wherein hydroxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, or carboxyl groups are bonded to any group that, when administered to a mammalian subject, cleaves to form a free hydroxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, or carboxyl group respectively.
• prodrugs include, but are not limited to, acetate, formate and benzoate derivatives of alcohol and amine functional groups in the compounds of the invention. Preparation and use of prodrugs is discussed in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, "Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems," Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, ed. Edward B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
• the reactions for preparing compounds of the invention can be carried out in suitable solvents which can be readily selected by one of skill in the art of organic synthesis.
• suitable solvents can be substantially nonreactive with the starting materials (reactants), the intermediates, or products at the temperatures at which the reactions are carried out, e.g., temperatures which can range from the solvent's freezing temperature to the solvent's boiling temperature.
• a given reaction can be carried out in one solvent or a mixture of more than one solvent.
• suitable solvents for a particular reaction step can be selected.
• Preparation of compounds of the invention can involve the protection and deprotection of various chemical groups.
• the need for protection and deprotection, and the selection of appropriate protecting groups can be readily determined by one skilled in the art.
• the chemistry of protecting groups can be found, for example, in T.W. Green and P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd. Ed., Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1999), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• Reactions can be monitored according to any suitable method known in the art.
• product formation can be monitored by spectroscopic means, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (e.g., 1 H or C) infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry (e.g., UV-visible), or mass spectrometry, or by chromatography such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or thin layer chromatography.
• spectroscopic means such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (e.g., 1 H or C) infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry (e.g., UV-visible), or mass spectrometry
• HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
• Example synthetic methods for preparing compounds of the invention are provided in the Schemes below.
• Scheme 1 shows an example synthesis of compounds of the invention starting with pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines 1-1 from which the N-oxo analog (1-2) is made by treatment with an oxidant such as m-CPBA.
• the N-oxide 1-2 can be halogenated with a halogenating agent such as MeSO 2 Cl, to form a 4-halo compound 1-3 (Y is halo such as Cl).
• the 4-amino compounds of the invention (1-4) can be generated by treatment of 1-3 with an appropriate amine (NHR 4 R 5 ), optionally in the presence of heat.
• the pyrrolo amine of 1-3 can be protected with a suitable amino protecting group prior to reaction with NHR 4 R 5 , and the amino protecting group can be removed after the reaction with NHR 4 R 5 .
• Scheme 2 provides an example synthesis of compounds of the invention where R 5 is piperidin-3-yl.
• a 4-chloro compound 2-1 (wherein the pyrrolo amine group can optionally be protected by an appropriate amino protecting group; in cases where the pyrrolo amine group is protected, the protecting group can be removed in a later stage), can be treated with a protected piperidine 2-2 to form a 4-piperidine compound 2-3.
• the protecting group at the N-atom on the piperidine moiety of 2-3 can be removed by routine methods (e.g., hydrogenation in the presence of Pd catalyst and HCl to remove benzyl protecting group) to form a compound 2-4.
• R 6 -X Alkylation or acylation of the N-atom on the piperidine moiety of 2-4 with a reagent such as R 6 -X, where X is a leaving group such as halo, hydroxyl, mesylate, tosylate, etc., affords a compound 2-5 of the invention.
• R 6 -X can be a carboxylic acid, acid chloride, alkyl/aryl sulfonyl chloride, haloalkane, etc.
• Compounds of the invention can modulate activity of one or more Janus kinases (JAKs).
• the term “modulate” is meant to refer to an ability to increase or decrease the activity of one or more members of the JAK family of kinases.
• compounds of the invention can be used in methods of modulating a JAK by contacting the JAK with any one or more of the compounds or compositions described herein.
• compounds of the present invention can act as inhibitors of one or more JAKs.
• compounds of the present invention can act to stimulate the activity of one or more JAKs.
• the compounds of the invention can be used to modulate activity of a JAK in an individual in need of modulation of the receptor by administering a modulating amount of a compound of the invention.
• JAKs to which the present compounds bind and/or modulate include any member of the JAK family.
• the JAK is JAKl, JAK2, JAK3 or TYK2.
• the JAK is JAKl or JAK2.
• the JAK is JAK2.
• the compounds of the invention can be selective.
• selective is meant that the compound binds to or inhibits a JAK with greater affinity or potency, respectively, compared to at least one other JAK.
• the compounds of the invention are selective inhibitors of JAKl or JAK2 over JAK3 and/or TYK2.
• the compounds of the invention are selective inhibitors of JAK2 (e.g., over JAKl, JAK3 and TYK2).
• a compound which is selective for JAK2 over JAK3 and which is useful in the treatment of cancer can offer the additional advantage of having fewer immunosuppressive side effects.
• Selectivity can be at least about 5-fold, 10-fold, at least about 20-fold, at least about 50-fold, at least about 100- fold, at least about 200-fold, at least about 500-fold or at least about 1000-fold. Selectivity can be measured by methods routine in the art. In some embodiments, selectivity can be tested at the Km of each enzyme. In some embodiments, selectivity of compounds of the invention for JAK2 over JAK3 can be determined by the cellular ATP concentration.
• a JAK-associated disease can include any disease, disorder or condition that is directly or indirectly linked to expression or activity of the JAK, including overexpression and/or abnormal activity levels.
• a JAK-associated disease can also include any disease, disorder or condition that can be prevented, ameliorated, or cured by modulating JAK activity.
• JAK-associated diseases include diseases involving the immune system including, for example, organ transplant rejection (e.g., allograft rejection and graft versus host disease). Further examples of JAK-associated diseases include autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis, type I diabetes, lupus, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, or autoimmune thyroid disorders. Further examples of JAK-associated diseases include allergic conditions such as asthma, food allergies, atopic dermatitis and rhinitis.
• JAK- assoicated diseases include viral diseases such as Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) 5 Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C 5 HIV 5 HTLV I 5 Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
• EBV Epstein Barr Virus
• VZV Hepatitis C 5 HIV 5 HTLV I 5 Varicella-Zoster Virus
• HPV Human Papilloma Virus
• Futher examples of JAK-associated diseases or conditions include skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis (for example, psoriasis vulgaris), skin sensitization, and the like.
• JAK-associated diseases are those involving IL-6 pathways including Castleman's disease, Kaposi's sarcoma, and others.
• JAK-associated diseases or conditions include immune reactions (such as diarrhea, skin irritation, skin rash, contact dermatitis or allergic contact sensitization) caused by certain therapeutics in some patients.
• Further examples of JAK-associated diseases include hyperpropliferative disorders including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytopenia, myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis, and the like.
• the JAK-associated disease is cancer such as, for example, prostate, renal, hepatocellular, pancreatic, gastric, breast, lung, cancers of the head and neck, glioblastoma, leukemia, lymphoma or multiple myeloma.
• contacting refers to the bringing together of indicated moieties in an in vitro system or an in vivo system.
• "contacting" a JAK with a compound of the invention includes the administration of a compound of the present invention to an individual or patient, such as a human, having a JAK, as well as, for example, introducing a compound of the invention into a sample containing a cellular or purified preparation containing the JAK.
• the term "individual” or “patient,” used interchangeably, refers to any animal, including mammals, preferably mice, rats, other rodents, rabbits, dogs, cats, swine, cattle, sheep, horses, or primates, and most preferably humans.
• terapéuticaally effective amount refers to the amount of active compound or pharmaceutical agent that elicits the biological or medicinal response in a tissue, system, animal, individual or human that is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician, which includes one or more of the following:
• preventing the disease for example, preventing a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who may be predisposed to the disease, condition or disorder but does not yet experience or display the pathology or symptomatology of the disease;
• inhibiting the disease for example, inhibiting a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the disease, condition or disorder (i.e., arresting further development of the pathology and/or symptomatology), and (3) ameliorating the disease; for example, ameliorating a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the disease, condition or disorder (i.e., reversing the pathology and/or symptomatology).
• One or more additional pharmaceutical agents such as, for example, chemotherapeutics, anti-inflammatory agents, and/or immunosuppressants can be used in combination with the compounds of the present invention for treatment of JAK-associated diseases, disorders or conditions.
• a JAK inhibitor used in combination with a chemotherapeutic in the treatment of multiple myeloma may improve the treatment response as compared to the response to the chemotherapeutic agent alone, without exacerbation of its toxic effects.
• additional pharmaceutical agents used in the treatment of multiple myeloma for example, can include, without limitation, melphalan, melphalan plus prednisone [MP], doxorubicin, dexamethasone, and velcade.
• Additive or synergistic effects are desirable outcomes of combining a JAK inhibitor of the present invention with an additional agent. Furthermore, resistance of multiple myeloma cells to agents such as dexamethasome may be reversible upon treatment with a JAK inhibitor of the present invention.
• the agents can be combined with the present compounds in a single or continuous dosage form, or the agents can be administered simultaneously or sequentially as separate dosage forms.
• compositions When employed as pharmaceuticals, the compounds described herein can be administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions. These compositions can be prepared in a manner well known in the pharmaceutical art, and can be administered by a variety of routes, depending upon whether local or systemic treatment is desired and upon the area to be treated. Administration may be topical (including transdermal, epidermal, ophthalmic and to mucous membranes including intranasal, vaginal and rectal delivery), pulmonary (e.g., by inhalation or insufflation of powders or aerosols, including by nebulizer; intratracheal or intranasal), oral or parenteral.
• topical including transdermal, epidermal, ophthalmic and to mucous membranes including intranasal, vaginal and rectal delivery
• pulmonary e.g., by inhalation or insufflation of powders or aerosols, including by nebulizer; intratracheal or intranasal
• oral or parenteral e.
• Parenteral administration includes intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal intramuscular or injection or infusion; or intracranial, e.g., intrathecal or intraventricular, administration.
• Parenteral administration can be in the form of a single bolus dose, or may be, for example, by a continuous perfusion pump.
• Pharmaceutical compositions and formulations for topical administration may include transdermal patches, ointments, lotions, creams, gels, drops, suppositories, sprays, liquids and powders.
• Conventional pharmaceutical carriers, aqueous, powder or oily bases, thickeners and the like may be necessary or desirable. Coated condoms, gloves and the like may also be useful.
• compositions which contain, as the active ingredient, one or more of the compounds of Formulas I and II above in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers (excipients).
• the active ingredient is typically mixed with an excipient, diluted by an excipient or enclosed within such a carrier in the form of, for example, a capsule, sachet, paper, or other container.
• the excipient serves as a diluent, it can be a solid, semi-solid, or liquid material, which acts as a vehicle, carrier or medium for the active ingredient.
• compositions can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols (as a solid or in a liquid medium), ointments containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions, and sterile packaged powders.
• the active compound can be milled to provide the appropriate particle size prior to combining with the other ingredients. If the active compound is substantially insoluble, it can be milled to a particle size of less than 200 mesh. If the active compound is substantially water soluble, the particle size can be adjusted by milling to provide a substantially uniform distribution in the formulation, e.g. about 40 mesh.
• excipients include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum acacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, water, syrup, and methyl cellulose.
• the formulations can additionally include: lubricating agents such as talc, magnesium stearate, and mineral oil; wetting agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; preserving agents such as methyl- and propylhydroxy-benzoates; sweetening agents; and flavoring agents.
• the compositions of the invention can be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to the patient by employing procedures known in the art.
• compositions can be formulated in a unit dosage form, each dosage containing from about 5 to about 1000 mg (1 g), more usually about 100 to about 500 mg, of the active ingredient.
• unit dosage forms refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient.
• the active compound can be effective over a wide dosage range and is generally administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount.
• the amount of the compound actually administered will usually be determined by a physician, according to the relevant circumstances, including the condition to be treated, the chosen route of administration, the actual compound administered, the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, the severity of the patient's symptoms, and the like.
• the principal active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical excipient to form a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound of the present invention.
• a solid preformulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound of the present invention.
• the active ingredient is typically dispersed evenly throughout the composition so that the composition can be readily subdivided into equally effective unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills and capsules.
• This solid preformulation is then subdivided into unit dosage forms of the type described above containing from, for example, about 0.1 to about 1000 mg of the active ingredient of the present invention.
• the tablets or pills of the present invention can be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action.
• the tablet or pill can comprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former.
• the two components can be separated by an enteric layer which serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permit the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release.
• enteric layers or coatings such materials including a number of polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol, and cellulose acetate.
• liquid forms in which the compounds and compositions of the present invention can be incorporated for administration orally or by injection include aqueous solutions, suitably flavored syrups, aqueous or oil suspensions, and flavored emulsions with edible oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil, or peanut oil, as well as elixirs and similar pharmaceutical vehicles.
• compositions for inhalation or insufflation include solutions and suspensions in pharmaceutically acceptable, aqueous or organic solvents, or mixtures thereof, and powders.
• the liquid or solid compositions may contain suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients as described supra.
• the compositions are administered by the oral or nasal respiratory route for local or systemic effect.
• Compositions in can be nebulized by use of inert gases. Nebulized solutions may be breathed directly from the nebulizing device or the nebulizing device can be attached to a face masks tent, or intermittent positive pressure breathing machine. Solution, suspension, or powder compositions can be administered orally or nasally from devices which deliver the formulation in an appropriate manner.
• compositions can be administered to a patient already suffering from a disease in an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially arrest the symptoms of the disease and its complications. Effective doses will depend on the disease condition being treated as well as by the judgment of the attending clinician depending upon factors such as the severity of the disease, the age, weight and general condition of the patient, and the like.
• compositions administered to a patient can be in the form of pharmaceutical compositions described above. These compositions can be sterilized by conventional sterilization techniques, or may be sterile filtered. Aqueous solutions can be packaged for use as is, or lyophilized, the lyophilized preparation being combined with a sterile aqueous carrier prior to administration.
• the pH of the compound preparations typically will be between 3 and 11, more preferably from 5 to 9 and most preferably from 7 to 8. It will be understood that use of certain of the foregoing excipients, carriers, or stabilizers will result in the formation of pharmaceutical salts.
• the therapeutic dosage of the compounds of the present invention can vary according to, for example, the particular use for which the treatment is made, the manner of administration of the compound, the health and condition of the patient, and the judgment of the prescribing physician.
• the proportion or concentration of a compound of the invention in a pharmaceutical composition can vary depending upon a number of factors including dosage, chemical characteristics (e.g., hydrophobicity), and the route of administration.
• the compounds of the invention can be provided in an aqueous physiological buffer solution containing about 0.1 to about 10% w/v of the compound for parenteral adminstration. Some typical dose ranges are from about 1 ⁇ g/kg to about 1 g/kg of body weight per day.
• the dose range is from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg of body weight per day.
• the dosage is likely to depend on such variables as the type and extent of progression of the disease or disorder, the overall health status of the particular patient, the relative biological efficacy of the compound selected, formulation of the excipient, and its route of administration. Effective doses can be extrapolated from dose- response curves derived from in vitro or animal model test systems.
• Another aspect of the present invention relates to labeled compounds of the invention (radio-labeled, fluorescent-labeled, etc.) that would be useful not only in imaging techniques but also in assays, both in vitro and in vivo, for localizing and quantitating JAK in tissue samples, including human, and for identifying JAK ligands by inhibition binding of a labeled compound. Accordingly, the present invention includes JAK assays that contain such labeled compounds.
• the present invention further includes isotopically-labeled compounds of the invention.
• An “isotopically” or “radio-labeled” compound is a compound of the invention where one or more atoms are replaced or substituted by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number typically found in nature (i.e., naturally occurring).
• Suitable radionuclides that may be incorporated in compounds of the present invention include but are not limited to H (also written as D for deuterium), 3 H (also written as T for tritium), 11 C, 13 C, 14 C, 13 N, 15 N, 15 O, 17 0, 18 0, 18 F, 35 S, 36 Cl, 82 Br, 75 Br, 76 Br, 77 Br, 123 I, 124 I, 125 I and 131 I.
• the radionuclide that is incorporated in the instant radio-labeled compounds will depend on the specific application of that radio-labeled compound. For example, for in vitro metalloprotease labeling and competition assays, compounds that incorporate 3 H, 14 C, 82 Br, 125 1 , 131 1, 35 S or will generally be most useful. For radio-imaging applications 11 C, 18 F, 125 1, 123 1, 124 1, 131 1, 75 Br, 76 Br or 77 Br will generally be most useful.
• a “radio-labeled” or “labeled compound” is a compound that has incorporated at least one radionuclide.
• the radionuclide is selected from the group consisting of 3 H, 14 C, 125 1 , 35 S and 82 Br.
• the present invention can further include synthetic methods for incorporating radioisotopes into compounds of the invention. Synthtic methods for incorporating radio-isotopes into organic compounds are well known in the art, and an ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize the methods applicable for the compounds of invention.
• a labeled compound of the invention can be used in a screening assay to identify/evaluate compounds.
• a newly synthesized or identified compound i.e., test compound
• a test compound which is labeled can be evaluated for its ability to bind a JAK by monitering its concentration variation when contacting with the JAK, through tracking of the labeling.
• a test compound (labeled) can be evaluated for its ability to reduce binding of another compound which is known to bind to a JAK (i.e., standard compound). Accordingly, the ability of a test compound to compete with the standard compound for binding to the JAK directly correlates to its binding affinity.
• the standard compound is labled and test compounds are unlabeled. Accordingly, the concentration of the labled standard compound is monitored in order to evaluate the competition between the standard compound and the test compound, and the relative binding affinity of the test compound is thus ascertained.
• kits useful for example, in the treatment or prevention of JAK-associated diseases or disorders, such as cancer, which include one or more containers containing a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein.
• kits can further include, if desired, one or more of various conventional pharmaceutical kit components, such as, for example, containers with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, additional containers, etc., as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
• Instructions, either as inserts or as labels, indicating quantities of the components to be administered, guidelines for administration, and/or guidelines for mixing the components, can also be included in the kit.
• Step 3 N-(l-benzylpiperidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-N-(lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)-amine
• Step 5 3-3-[methyl(lH-pyrrolo[2,3-h]pyridin-4-yl)amino]piperidin-l-yl-3-oxopropanenitrile
• N-methyl-N-piperidin-3-yl-N-(lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)-amine trihydrochloride 0.092 g, 0.00027 mol
• N,N-dimethylformamide 2 mL, 0.02 mol
• N,N-diisopropylethylamine 190 ⁇ L, 0.0011 mol
• cyanoacetic acid 28 mg, 0.00032 mol
• 1-liydroxybenzotriazole 36 mg, 0.00027 mol
• N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride 62 mg, 0.00032 mol.
• Step 1 4-Chloro-l-[2-(trimethyl$ilyl)ethoxy]methyl-lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine
• Step 2 N-[(3R, 4R)-l-benzyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl]-N-methyl ⁇ l-[2-(trimethylsilyl)- ethoxy]methyl-N-(lH-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)-amine
• Step 3 N-[(3R, 4R)-l-benzyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(lH-pyrrolo[2, 3-b]pyridin- 4-yl)-amine
• Step 4 N-methyl-N-[(3R, 4R)-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl]-N-(lH-pyrrolo[2, 3-b]pyridin-4-yl)- amine
• Step 5 3- ⁇ (3R, 4R)-4-Methyl-3-[methyl(lH-pyrrolo[2, 3-b]pyridin-4-yl)amino]piperidin-l- yl ⁇ -3-oxopropanenitrile
• Jak targets Compounds herein were tested for inhibitory activity of Jak targets according to the following in vitro assay described in Park et al., Analytical Biochemistry 1999, 269, 94-104.
• the catalytic domains of human Jakl (a.a. 837-1142), Jak2 (a.a. 828-1132) and Jak3 (a.a. 781-1124) with an N-terminal His tag were expressed using baculovirus in insect cells and purified.
• the catalytic activity of JAKl, JAK2 or JAK3 was assayed by measuring the phosphorylation of a biotinylated peptide.
• the phosphorylated peptide was detected by homogenous time resolved fluorescence (HTRF).
• IC 5 QS of compounds were measured for each kinase in the reactions that contain the enzyme, ATP and 500 nM peptide in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.8) buffer with 100 mM NaCl, 5 mM DTT, and 0.1 mg/ml (0.01%) BSA.
• the ATP concentration in the reactions was 90 ⁇ M for Jakl, 30 ⁇ M for Jak2 and 3 ⁇ M for Jak3.
• Reactions were carried out at room temperature for 1 hr and then stopped with 20 ⁇ L 45 mM EDTA, 300 nM SA-APC, 6 nM Eu-Py20 in assay buffer (Perkin Elmer, Boston, MA).
• the murine skin contact delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response is considered to be a valid model of clinical contact dermatitis, and other T-lymphocyte mediated immune disorders of the skin, such as psoriasis (Immunol Today. 1998 Jan;19(l):37-44).
• Murine DTH shares multiple characteristics with psoriasis, including the immune infiltrate, the accompanying increase in inflammatory cytokines, and keratinocyte hyperproliferation.
• many classes of agents that are efficacious in treating psoriasis in the clinic are also effective inhibitors of the DTH response in mice (Agents Actions. 1993 Jan;38(l-2):116-21).
• Test compound 3- ⁇ (3R,4R)-4-memyl-3-[methyl-(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4- yl)amino]-piperidin-l-yl ⁇ -3-oxo-propionitrile was administered continuously using mini-osmotic pumps to deliver the compound at 150 mg/kg/d.
• the inflammatory response was monitored by measuring the ear thickness prior to and after immune challenge. Differences in ear thickness were calculated for each mouse and then averaged for the group.
• test compound inhibited ear swelling by 95% and histological analysis of hematoxolyin and eosin stained tissue sections confirmed a near complete inhibition of ear swelling.
• JakJak mutant Jak
• Activating mutations residing anywhere within the coding region of the Jak DNA, cDNA, or mRNA, can be introduced to nucleic acid sequences encoding for Jaks using standard molecular biology techniques (e.g. nucleotide mutagenesis) familiar to those schooled in the art. This includes, but is not limited to mutations in the codon for a.a. 617 that results in a substitution of the wild-type valine with a phenylalanine.
• the kinase domain (a.a. 828-1132), the pseudo-kinase and kinase domains (a.a. 543-827 and 828-1132, respectively), or the entire Jak protein, with an N-terminal His tag, can be expressed using baculovirus in insect cells and purified. Similar strategies can be employed to generate mutant Jakl, Jak3, or Tyk2.
• the catalytic activity of Jak can then be assayed by measuring the phosphorylation of a biotinylated peptide.
• the phosphorylated peptide can be detected by homogenous time resolved fluorescence (HTRF) using suitable and optimized buffers and concentrations of ATP, peptide, kinase, etc.
• HTRF homogenous time resolved fluorescence
• cells expressing the mutated form(s) of Jak may be identified (e.g. HEL cells, ATCC) or constructed (by transfection, infection, or similar technique to introduce the nucleic acid encoding for the Jak) using techniques familiar to those schooled in the art. Cells may then be treated with compounds for various times (usually between 0 and 4 hours) and collected for protein extraction using methods familiar to those schooled in the art.
• Cellular protein extracts can then be analyzed for both total and phospho-Jak using, for example, the following antibodies: total Jakl (Cell Signaling, #9138), phospho-Jakl (Abeam, #ab5493), total Jak2 (Upstate #06-255), phospho-Jak (Cell Signaling, #3771), total Jak3 (Santa Cruz, #sc-513 ), phos ⁇ ho-Jak3 (Santa Cruz, #sc-16567 ), total Tyk2 (Santa Cruz #sc-169 ), phospho-Tyk2 (Cell Signal #9321), and phospho-tyrosine (Upstate, #05-231).
• Methodologies to perform these analyses include but are not limited to immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, ELISA, RIA, immunocytochemistry, and FACS.

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