Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/26—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
  • C08F255/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having two or three carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
  • C08L67/025—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds containing polyether sequences
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J151/00—Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09J151/06—Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2170/00—Compositions for adhesives
  • C08G2170/80—Compositions for aqueous adhesives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing other atoms than carbon or hydrogen atoms
  • C08L23/0853—Vinylacetate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing other atoms than carbon or hydrogen atoms
  • C08L23/0869—Acids or derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
  • C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
  • C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
  • C08L2666/04—Macromolecular compounds according to groups C08L7/00 - C08L49/00, or C08L55/00 - C08L57/00; Derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
  • C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
  • C08L2666/14—Macromolecular compounds according to C08L59/00 - C08L87/00; Derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/003—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of polymer compositions, and in particular to compositions comprising at least one thermoplastic elastomer.
• the polymer compositions of the invention are useful in articles of manufacture that require flexibility and are fabricated with adhesives, including sporting goods, and particularly athletic shoes.
• Thermoplastic elastomers are high value materials that offer desirable properties together with the convenience of melt processability and the environmental advantages of recycling.
• Several genera of thermoplastic elastomers are known. Two that have achieved commercial significance are the block copolymers of ethers and amides (copolyetheramides) and those of ethers and esters (copolyetheresters).
• Copolyetheramides and copolyetheresters offer unique dynamic mechanical properties, such as maintaining constant flexibility over a wide temperature range, and maintaining toughness at very low temperatures. Thus, despite their high cost, these materials have found a particular utility in the sporting goods and athletic shoe industries. For example, copolyetheramides are widely used in shoe parts such as sole plates, shanks, and various other components in which low hysteresis and substantially ideal elastic recovery properties are required.
• thermoplastic elastomers In compound structures that comprise parts made of thermoplastic elastomers, the thermoplastic elastomers are typically fastened to the other components of the structure with adhesives.
• thermoplastic elastomeric parts are usually applied to the parts comprising copolyetheramides.
• the adhesion is generally adequate; however, adhesion failure is not uncommon, especially since constant bending and flexing is often required of the parts made from thermoplastic elastomers. Adhesion failure is a major product defect. Therefore, improving the adhesion of thermoplastic elastomeric parts is a significant goal.
• thermoplastic elastomers While improving their economic efficiency and their adhesion, particularly with water based adhesives
• the present invention provides a polymer composition comprising at least one thermoplastic elastomer and at least one maleated ethylene copolymer.
• the present invention provides an article comprising the polymer composition of the invention.
• the present invention provides a compound article, in which an article comprising the polymer composition of the invention is attached to a second article by means of an adhesive.
• maleated ethylene copolymer refers to copolymers that contain ethylene and residues possessing maleic acid functionality, that is, an alpha, beta-dicarboxylic acid moiety.
• the alpha, beta-dicarboxylic acid moiety may be in anhydride form; alternatively, it may be unneutralized, neutralized, or partially neutralized by at least one suitable cation.
• the term “about” means that amounts, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics are not and need not be exact, but may be approximate and/or larger or smaller, as desired, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding off, measurement error and the like, and other factors known to those of skill in the art. In general, an amount, size, formulation, parameter or other quantity or characteristic is “about” or “approximate” whether or not expressly stated to be such.
• the present invention provides a polymer composition comprising at least one thermoplastic elastomer and at least one maleated ethylene copolymer.
• Suitable thermoplastic elastomers for use in the present invention include, without limitation, copolyetheramides, copolyetheresters, and the like.
• Copolyetheramides are well known in the art, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,230,838, 4,332,920 and 4,331 ,786, for example. These polymers are comprised of a linear and regular chain of rigid polyamide segments and flexible polyether segments, as represented by the general formula
• PA represents a linear saturated aliphatic polyamide sequence formed from a lactam or amino acid having a hydrocarbon chain containing 4 to 14 carbon atoms, or from an aliphatic Ce to Cg diamine, in the presence of a chain-limiting aliphatic carboxylic diacid having 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
• the polyamide has an average molecular weight between 300 and 15,000 Daltons.
• PE represents a polyoxyalkylene sequence formed from linear or branched aliphatic polyoxyalkylene glycols, mixtures thereof or copolyethers derived therefrom.
• the polyoxyalkylene glycols preferably have a molecular weight of less than or equal to 6000 Daltons.
• the number of repeat units, "n" is preferably sufficient so that the polyetheramide copolymer has an intrinsic viscosity of from about 0.8 to about 2.05.
• the preparation of these polyetheramides comprises the step of reacting a dicarboxylic polyamide, the COOH groups of which are located at the chain ends, with a polyoxyalkylene glycol that is hydroxylated at its chain ends, in the presence of a catalyst such as a tetra-alkyl ortho-titanate having the general formula Ti(OR) 4 , wherein "R” represents a linear branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms.
• the softness of the polyetheramide block copolymer generally increases as the relative amount of polyether units is increased.
• the molar ethe ⁇ amide ratio can vary from 90:10 to
• copolyetheresters are discussed in detail in patents such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,651,014; 3,766,146; and 3,763,109. They are comprised of a multiplicity of recurring long chain units and short chain units joined head-to-tail through ester linkages, the long chain units being represented by the formula
• G represents a divalent radical remaining after the removal of terminal hydroxyl groups from a poly (alkylene oxide) glycol having a molecular weight of about 400 to about 6000 Daltons and a carbon to oxygen ratio of about 2.0-4.3.
• R represents a divalent radical remaining after removal of hydroxyl groups from a dicarboxylic acid having a molecular weight less than about 300 Daltons.
• D represents a divalent radical remaining after removal of hydroxyl groups from a diol having a molecular weight less than about 250 Daltons.
• the amount of short chain ester units is preferably from about 15 to about 95 percent by weight of the copolyetherester.
• the preferred copolyetherester polymers are those in which the polyether segment is obtained by polymerization of tetrahydrofuran and the polyester segment is obtained by polymerization of tetramethylene glycol and phthalic acid.
• the softness of the copolyetherester block copolymers also generally increases as the relative amount of polyether units is increased.
• the molar ethe ⁇ ester ratio can vary from 90:10 to 10:90, preferably 80:20 to 60:40; and the shore D hardness is less than about 70, preferably less than about 60.
• thermoplastic elastomers that are suitable for use in the present invention are available commercially. These include PEBAXTM copolyetheramides, available from the Arkema Group of Paris, France (hereinafter “Arkema”), and Hytrel® copolyetheresters, available from E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. of Wilmington, DE (hereinafter "DuPont”).
• the polymer composition of the invention also comprises at least one maleated ethylene copolymer.
• Maleic acid functionality may be included in the maleated ethylene copolymer(s) by grafting, by direct copolymerization, or by a combination of grafting and direct copolymerization.
• dipolymers and copolymers of four or more comonomers are suitable for use in the present invention.
• Terpolymers are preferred, however.
• Terpolymers of ethylene, vinyl acetate or an acrylic ester and an alpha, beta unsaturated dicarboxylic acid are more preferred, and terpolymers of ethylene, an acrylic ester and an alpha, beta unsaturated dicarboxylic acid are still more preferred.
• Copolymers of ethylene, methyl acrylate, and maleic anhydride are examples of preferred terpolymers.
• the preferred terpolymers comprise from about 60 wt% to about 85 wt% of ethylene, from about 15 wt% to about 39 wt% of the acrylic ester, and from about 1 wt% to about 8 wt% of the alpha, beta unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, based on the total weight of the ethylene copolymer.
• More preferred terpolymers comprise from about 70 wt% to about 85 wt% of ethylene, from about 15 wt% to about 29 wt% of the acrylic ester, and from about 1 wt% to about 3 wt% of the alpha, beta unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, based on the total weight of the ethylene copolymer.
• Suitable acrylic esters include, without limitation, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate and iso-butyl acrylate.
• Suitable alpha, beta unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomers include, without limitation, fumaric acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, and the esters and half-esters of maleic anhydride, such as ethyl hydrogen maleate. Maleic acid and its esters and half-esters are preferred.
• LotaderTM 3200 commercially available from Arkema, is an example of a terpolymer of ethylene, butyl acrylate, and maleic anhydride.
• Ethylene copolymers suitable for use as substrates onto which maleic acid functionality may be grafted include, without limitation, copolymers of ethylene and a vinyl alkanoate, preferably ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers.
• the copolymer may be a copolymer of ethylene and an acrylate ester, for example ethylene/ethyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymers and ethylene/butyl acrylate copolymers.
• the copolymer may be a copolymer of ethylene and a methacrylate ester, such as ethylene/methyl methacrylate.
• the grafting substrate may be a copolymer of ethylene with carbon monoxide, optionally further including one of the aforementioned monomers, such as, e.g., ethylene/carbon monoxide, ethylene/alkyl acrylate/carbon monoxide, and ethylene/vinyl acetate/carbon monoxide copolymers.
• the preferred alkyl groups are straight chain or branched groups including one to four carbon atoms.
• Ethylene/butyl acrylate/carbon monoxide (E/nBA/CO) copolymers are particularly preferred.
• the more preferred grafting substrate copolymers are those of high polarity, such as ethylene/alkyl acrylate/carbon monoxide, ethylene/vinyl acetate/carbon monoxide, ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA), and ethylene/acrylate copolymers. Still more preferably, the vinyl acetate content of the EVA copolymer and the ethylene/vinyl acetate/carbon monoxide copolymer is greater than about 15 wt% and less than about 40 wt%, based on the total weight of the respective copolymer.
• the alkyl acrylate content of the ethylene/alkyl acrylate or ethylene/alkyl acrylate/carbon monoxide copolymer is also preferably greater than about 15 wt% and less than about 40 wt%, based on the total weight of the respective copolymer.
• the carbon monoxide content is preferably in the range of about 5 to about 15 wt%.
• Any known grafting process may be used to produce a maleated ethylene copolymer for use in the present invention.
• suitable maleation processes are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,916. Additional information pertaining to the preparation and use of maleated polyethylenes is available in U.S. Patent Number 6,545,091.
• the preferred monomers to be grafted onto polymers are: maleic anhydride, maleic acid, half-esters of maleic anhydride, such as ethyl hydrogen maleate, itaconic acid and fumaric acid. More preferred monomers include maleic anhydride and its half-esters.
• the grafting can be carried out in solution, in dispersion, in a fluidized bed, or in the melt without a solvent, as described in European Patent Application No. 0,266,994. Melt grafting can be done in a heated extruder, a BrabenderTM or a BanburyTM mixer or other internal mixers or kneading machines, roll mills and the like.
• the grafting may be carried out in the presence or absence of a radical initiator such as a suitable organic peroxide.
• a radical initiator such as a suitable organic peroxide.
• the graft polymers may be recovered by any method that separates or utilizes the graft polymer.
• the graft polymer can be recovered in the form of precipitated fluff, pellets, powders and the like.
• the preferred level of grafted monomer in the maleated ethylene copolymer is in the range of about 0.3 to 3.0 wt%, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 wt%, based on the weight of the copolymer.
• Ethylene copolymers can be produced by processes well known in the polymer art using either autoclave or tubular reactors. The copolymerization can be run as a continuous process in an autoclave as disclosed in US Patent 3,264,272; 4,351 ,931 ; 4,248,990; and 5,028,674 and International Patent Application WO99/25742. Tubular reactor- produced ethylene copolymer can be distinguished from the more conventional autoclave produced ethylene copolymer as generally known in the art. Tubular reactor-produced ethylene copolymer are well known to one skilled in the art such as disclosed in US Patents 3,350,372;
• compositions according to the invention preferably contain from about 60 to about 95 wt% of the thermoplastic elastomer(s), based on the total weight of the polymer composition, more preferably 70 to 90 wt%, and still more preferably 75 to 85 wt%.
• compositions according to the invention preferably contain from about 5 to about 40 wt% of the maleated ethylene copolymer(s), based on the total weight of the polymer composition, more preferably 10 to 30 wt%, and still more preferably 15 to 25 wt%.
• the polymer compositions of the invention may also include such additives as are conventional in polymer compositions, for example, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, flame retardants, plasticizers, pigments, fillers, reinforcements, processing aids, and the like. Suitable levels of these additives and methods of incorporating these additives into polymer compositions are known to those of skill in the art. See, e.g., the Modern Plastics Encyclopedia, McGraw Hill, (New York, 1994).
• the polymer compositions of the invention may be made by blending the individual components by any suitable means known in the art.
• the individual materials can be mixed with each other in molten form, such as by melt blending in an extruder.
• the individual materials can be blended with each other in a high shear mixing device, such as a two-roll mill or a Banbury mixer.
• the present invention provides an article comprising the polymer composition of the invention.
• Preferred articles of the invention include footwear components such as sole plates and shanks.
• Such articles may be made according to methods that are well known in the art.
• the polymer composition of this invention can be formed by normal thermoplastic forming methods such as extrusion, blown film extrusion, injection molding, rotational molding, thermoforming, or any other technique that will produce the desired shape. Injection molding is a preferred method of forming articles according to the invention.
• the present invention provides a compound article, in which an article comprising the polymer composition of the invention is attached to a second article by means of an adhesive.
• the adhesive may be a water-based adhesive, a solvent-based adhesive, or a hot-melt adhesive.
• Preferred adhesives are available commercially from the National Starch Company through Dongsung NSC of Kyunggi, Republic of Korea (hereinafter "Dongsung NSC").
• the adhesive includes a polyurethane.
• the second article may be any article that is also compatible with the adhesive.
• the second article comprises a rubber.
• the compound article according to the invention may be made by any suitable means known in the art.
• the article comprising the composition of the invention and the second article may both be placed in contact with an adhesive.
• the article comprising the composition of the invention may be pre-formed and at least partially coated with an adhesive when the second article is formed by molding it directly in contact with the adhesive.
• the second article may be pre-formed and at least partially coated with an adhesive when the article comprising the composition of the invention is formed by molding it directly in contact with the adhesive.
• the polymer compositions of the present invention are used to make articles for use in sporting goods, and particularly, components of athletic shoes. It is to be understood, however, that the articles and methods described herein are considered to be within the scope of the invention, whether they are used in sporting goods or in a different application.
• suitable articles that may be fabricated from a polymer composition of the invention include, without limitation, sole plates, shanks, and the like.
• the polymer compositions of the present invention may be used for in-line skates, ski boots and bindings, and the like, which are compound articles according to the invention.
• the maleated ethylene copolymer is a maleic anhydride grafted terpolymer of E/nBA/CO (weight ratio of 60/30/10) containing about 1.0 wt% of maleic anhydride residues.
• the maleated ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer (E/MA) is a maleic anhydride grafted E/MA (weight ratio of 76/24) containing about 1.0 wt% of maleic anhydride residues.
• the maleic anhydride grafting was conducted in a twin screw extruder in a similar process similar to that described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,916.
• the test specimen of Comparative Example 1 is unalloyed PebaxTM 7033.
• the test specimen of Example 1 is an 80:20 blend of PebaxTM 7033 with the maleated ethylene copolymer, and the specimen of Example 2 is a 70:30 blend.
• the test specimen of Comparative Example 2 is unalloyed
• PebaxTM 5333 The test specimen of Example 3 is a blend of PebaxTM 5533, 36 wt. %, PebaxTM 6633, 56 wt%, the maleated ethylene copolymer, 8 wt. %, and the maleated ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, 6 wt%.
• the blends of PebaxTM and the maleated ethylene copolymer were prepared in a twin screw extruder. Test specimens (2.54 mm X 15 mm X
• a solvent-based primer was applied (Dongsung NSC D-PLY 160-2), followed by drying at 60 to 65°C in a convection oven.
• a solvent-based polyurethane primer (Dongsung NSC W-104) was applied to the test specimens, which were then dried at 50 to 55 0 C in an oven.
• a water-based polyurethane adhesive (Dongsung NSC W-01) was then applied to the primed test specimens, which were subsequently dried at 55 to 6O 0 C, followed by degreasing the surfaces with toluene and further drying at 50 to 55°C.
• a solvent-based primer (Dongsung NSC D-PLY 007) was then applied to the test specimens, followed by a water-based polyurethane adhesive (Dongsung NSC W-01). Then the specimens were molded with polybutadiene rubber at a pressure of 30 kg/cm for 210 seconds, prior to measuring the peel strength.
• test specimens were first cleaned with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) at room temperature, then a water-based polyurethane primer (Dongsung NSC W-104) was applied to the test specimens, which were then dried at 50 to 55°C in an oven.
• a water-based polyurethane adhesive (Dongsung NSC W-01) was then applied to the primed test specimens, which were subsequently dried at 55 to 60 0 C, followed by degreasing the surfaces with toluene and further drying at 50 to 55 0 C.
• a water-based polyurethane primer (Dongsung NSC W-104) was then applied to the test specimen, followed by a water-based polyurethane adhesive (Dongsung NSC W-01). Then the specimen were molded with polybutadiene rubber at pressure of 30 kg/cm for 210 seconds, prior to measuring the peel strength.
• Example 1 and Example 2 are well matched with Comparative Example 1 in each of the key properties listed in Table 1.
• Table 1 also includes the bonding strength of the test specimens of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 and 2 towards rubber, using both solvent-based and water-based adhesives.
• the bonding strength of the specimen of Example 1 toward rubber is in the range of 19.1 to 23.3 kg/cm, far better than that of the specimen of Comparative Example 1.
• the bonding strength of the specimen of Example 1 shows an improvement over that of the specimen of Comparative Example 1.
• the specimen of Example 2 shows significant improvement in its bonding strength towards rubber with water-based adhesives.
• the lower bonding strength of the specimen of Example 2 with the solvent-based adhesives is an unexpected result that may reflect a change in the nature of the surface of this specimen.
• MEC is an abbreviation of "maleated ethylene copolymer.”
• Table 2 includes the bonding strength of the test specimens of
• Comparative Example 2 and Example 3 towards rubber, using solvent- based primer.
• 24 test specimens of each of Comparative Example 2 and Example 3 were produced for bonding strength measurements.
• the composition of Example 3 shows an average bonding value of 10.5 kg/cm and a minimum bonding value of 6.4 kg/cm.
• the composition of Comparative Example 2 shows an average bonding value of 7.1 kg/cm and a minimum bonding value of 0.4 kg/cm.
• 7 specimens of Comparative Example 2 exhibited bonding strength less than 2.0 kg/cm, which is too low, indicating that this composition is vulnerable to failure in the contemplated applications.

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• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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• 2005
  • 2005-12-06 US US11/294,970 patent/US7897685B2/en active Active
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  • 2005-12-07 CN CN2005800410734A patent/CN101072825B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-12-07 JP JP2007545659A patent/JP4997116B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-12-07 WO PCT/US2005/044602 patent/WO2006063224A2/en active Application Filing

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